POTENTIAL ANL CONTRIBUTION TO THE EIC - PROMOTING COLLABORATION ON THE EIC - WORKSHOP - CERN Indico
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PROMOTING COLLABORATION ON THE EIC - WORKSHOP
POTENTIAL ANL
CONTRIBUTION
TO THE EIC
erhtjhtyhy
BRAHIM MUSTAPHA
Physics Division
Argonne National Laboratory
October 7th 2020
Content
ANL Interest & Involvement in the EIC - A bit of history
Potential ANL Contribution in Four Areas
o Storage Ring Technology
o SRF Technology
o R&D for Hadron Beam Cooling
o Polarized “Heavier” Ion Beams
B. Mustapha Potential ANL Contribution to the EIC EIC Collaboration Meeting, 2020 2
ANL Interest & Involvement in EIC
ANL has been interested in all aspects of the EIC: Physics, Accelerator &
Detector technologies
In Summer of 2016, Argonne organized the EIC Users Group Meeting – focused
on the Physics and Detector Technology
In Fall of 2019, Argonne organized the EIC Accelerator Collaboration Meeting
Two Argonne physicists were members of the National Academy of Sciences
Review Committee: Kawtar Hafidi and Zein-Eddine Meziani
ANL Collaborated with both JLab and BNL during the R&D phase of the EIC
B. Mustapha Potential ANL Contribution to the EIC EIC Collaboration Meeting, 2020 3
ANL Interest to Contribute to the EIC
Project Phase – In Four Areas
Storage Ring Technology – build on APS ↔ NSLS Exchange
SRF Technology (~ 50 years) – Expertise & Facilities
R&D for Hadron Beam Cooling – AWA Facility
Polarized “Heavier” Ion Beams – New Developments
B. Mustapha Potential ANL Contribution to the EIC EIC Collaboration Meeting, 2020 4
STORAGE RING TECHNOLOGY / APS-U
APS-U Showcases ANL Expertise
Entirely new 6-GeV, 200-mA ring, including
– Advanced multi-bend-achromat lattice
– 1104 m of vacuum systems APS
– 1320+ high-strength conventional magnets
– Superconducting 4th Harmonic Cavity for BLS
– Superconducting insertion devices
– Orbit correction system with 1 kHz bandwidth
Will exceed capabilities of today’s storage ring light
sources by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude Advanced Photon Source (APS)
Top view of typical 27.6 m length APS-U sector
B. Mustapha Potential ANL Contribution to the EIC EIC Collaboration Meeting, 2020 6
Storage Ring Technology / APS-U
Design & Simulation Tools & Expertise
Very Fast Orbit Correction System ~ 1 kHz
Vacuum R&D and Fabrication Capabilities
Magnet Production & Validation
Specialized Insertion Devices
B. Mustapha Potential ANL Contribution to the EIC EIC Collaboration Meeting, 2020 7
Design & Simulation Tools
Advanced design optimization targeting key performance metrics
Benchmarked simulation tools – against current APS data
Combined single and multi-bunch modeling ‘elegant’
Detailed machine error simulations at the core
Direct simulation of different beam loss mechanisms
Coupled vacuum & physics modeling see talk by
X. Huang
SR masking modeling for high-current electron rings
Automated machine commissioning simulation AI / ML
Other simulation capabilities – coherent electron cooling …
B. Mustapha Potential ANL Contribution to the EIC EIC Collaboration Meeting, 2020 8
Very Fast Orbit Correction ~ 1 kHz
APS-U is building the world’s fastest orbit Testing candidate PID regulator settings:
Measured residual orbit motion spectrum
feedback system
APS-U beam stability needs to be 1.3μm (x)
and 0.4μm (y) over 0.01-1000 Hz band
To achieve this, orbit feedback will have 22-kHz
update rate
Created dynamical system model that includes
effects of eddy currents and latency
Tests in APS double-sector show world-leading
Corresponding closed-loop attenuation responses
890 Hz closed-loop bandwidth
B. Mustapha Potential ANL Contribution to the EIC EIC Collaboration Meeting, 2020 9
Vacuum R&D and Fabrication
Vacuum capabilities are well developed
APS aluminum chamber welding system used for
APS, BESSY, DESY FEL, SLS, ESRF, CLS, KEK,
NSLS-II, LCLS, APS-U
APS-U full-sector mockup of conceptual design
components tests vacuum, bakeouts, NEG-activations,
water cooling, ...
Aluminum L-bend A-Joint Welding at ANL with 5-axis welder Storage Ring Vacuum System Sector Mockup
B. Mustapha Potential ANL Contribution to the EIC EIC Collaboration Meeting, 2020 10Magnet Production & Validation
L-Bend Magnets (M1, M2) Q1, Q2, Q3, Q6 and Q7 Quads Sextupoles
S1- S3
Q-Bend Magnets M3,M4 APS-U requires 15 magnet types, 33 / sector
All magnets have been prototyped
Precision measurement and alignment methods
developed and validated
Strength and field quality in good agreement with
expectations
Measurements from several first-article magnets
Reverse Bend 8-Pole Corrector
and series production validated by tracking (FC1 and FC2, BNL design)
Quads Q4, Q5, and Q8
B. Mustapha Potential ANL Contribution to the EIC EIC Collaboration Meeting, 2020 11Specialized Insertion Devices
Unique insertion devices provided
for many applications
Electron storage rings use IDs (wigglers,
undulators) for radiation production and damping
We design, build, measure, tune, and operate
permanent-magnet, electro-magnetic, and
superconducting IDs LCLS X-ray Laser-Enhanced LCLS-I undulators installed
Attosecond Pulse Wiggler
Cut-away view of APS-U superconducting Quasi-periodic wiggler for First SCU in a 3rd-generation
undulator (Y. Ivanyushenkov, et al.) arbitrary radiation polarization storage ring light source
B. Mustapha Potential ANL Contribution to the EIC EIC Collaboration Meeting, 2020 12SRF TECHNOLOGY @ ANL ~ 50 YEARS
SRF@ANL - Design to Operation
Superconducting cavity
processing at the ANL facility
Assembly of ANL-designed ATLAS Intensity jointly funded and staffed by
Upgrade 72 MHz Quarter-Wave Resonator Argonne and Fermilab. Four
Cryomodule (2014) full time staff (2 ANL, 2 FNAL) Cavity and accelerator
see talk by M. Kelly systems testing (ADTF)
B. Mustapha Potential ANL Contribution to the EIC EIC Collaboration Meeting, 2020 14HWR Module Delivered to FNAL
ANL-conceived 6-m HWR cryomodule for
2 mA CW proton beams
Delivered in 2019, includes 8 SC cavity
and 8 solenoids
Highest performance to date for this class
of cavities
B. Mustapha Potential ANL Contribution to the EIC EIC Collaboration Meeting, 2020 15APS-U Bunch Lengthening System
Touschek lifetime, microwave instability concerns for APS-U
Higher harmonic cavity (HHC) required to lengthen bunch
ANL-conceived solution using a single 4th harmonic
(1.4 GHz) superconducting cavity provides sufficient
voltage (1.25 MV) in a 2-meter footprint
New cavity design
New high-power 20 kW CW RF couplers
Robust HOM-damping scheme uses room temperature
silicon carbide absorbers
↑ BLS Cryomodule ↓ Cavity
Analytical calculation of bunch lengthening effect
B. Mustapha Potential ANL Contribution to the EIC EIC Collaboration Meeting, 2020 16SRF Gun Developments @ ANL
The WiFEL SRF gun is now at Argonne WiFEL Gun & Beamline
The gun is being modified for closed-loop
operation at the ADTF liquid helium refrigerator.
It will be tested and the electron beam will be
characterized using the associated beamline.
Some ideas to improve the gun design are
being considered.
Modified Gun
The WiFEL gun could support the production of Coupler repaired
cold electron beams such as needed for
advanced electron-cooling schemes.
This offline facility at ANL could be a testbed to
investigate different cathode performance in a
QWR SRF gun.
B. Mustapha Potential ANL Contribution to the EIC EIC Collaboration Meeting, 2020 17R&D FOR HADRON BEAM COOLING @ AWA
Argonne Wakefield Accelerator-AWA
A Versatile Electron Accelerator Test Facility
Zoned vacuum-isolated sections for
fast beamline reconfiguration
>100 nC electron bunch available
Multiple independent electron sources
see talk by P. Piot Precise phase-space-shaping beamline
B. Mustapha Potential ANL Contribution to the EIC EIC Collaboration Meeting, 2020 19Straight Merger for ERL's
Preliminary test of a straight merger
Energy-recovery linacs (ERLs) can
support the generation of high-current
eletron bunches needed for several
electron-based cooling techniques
ERLs require the "tranparent" merging
of a low-energy bunch while deflecting
the "spent" bunch to be energy
recovered
A prototype straight merger was installed in the
AWA bunker in collaboration with JLab
Preliminary tests were performed at the AWA
facility last summer
B. Mustapha Potential ANL Contribution to the EIC EIC Collaboration Meeting, 2020 20Magnetized-beam e-cooling
Generation of magnetized and flat beams
• Produces multi-nC (100 μm recently attained in
support of advanced linear collider concepts (e.g.
JLab strong cooling required ~20 μm)
UV laser
• Transformation of magnetized beam into flat beam
(relevant to transport of magnetized beam)
• Extensive suite of diagnostics
• Developed laser shaping technique
including smooth-distribution
generation relevant to the generation
of cold electron beams
B. Mustapha Potential ANL Contribution to the EIC EIC Collaboration Meeting, 2020 21Microbunched e-cooling
Wiggler-based gain enhancement spectrometer
A wiggler can enhance collective effects
and yields an increase in energy modula-
tion imprinted by the ions on the cooling
electron beam deflecting
Test of the concept is on-going at AWA cavity
wiggler
(with the goal of measuring the energy change)
Preliminary measurements performed in August 2020
energy
time
B. Mustapha Potential ANL Contribution to the EIC EIC Collaboration Meeting, 2020 22POLARIZED “HEAVIER” ION BEAMS
Why Polarized Heavier Ions?
Physics such as polarized EMC effect will require polarized ion beams heavier than 3He.
Tagging the recoil nucleus will be possible at the EIC, so the science of the polarized EMC
effect and other physics can be investigated with heavier polarized ions.
These developments are synergistic with polarized target developments for JLab experiments.
Argonne was one of the pioneering Labs in the development of laser driven polarized targets...
… and we have new experts
B. Mustapha Potential ANL Contribution to the EIC EIC Collaboration Meeting, 2020 24Most Recent Developments - SEOP
Spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) Highly
polarized nuclear spins in noble gases (using Rb or K) SEOP
Hybrid SEOP Significantly enhanced rate of spin-
exchange with a 2nd alkali-metal (ie, Rb + K).
With hybrid SEOP Commercially available high-
power pumping lasers can be used.
Hybrid SEOP
SEOP is a universal polarization technique Polarized
targets or beams of nuclei with higher mass or spin.
Leverage JLab polarized fixed target technology.
Complementary to MEOP, unique to 3He (MIT-BNL).
We started an R&D effort to develop SEOP and hybrid-
SEOP processes to produce polarized atomic beams (Images from NIST Website)
B. Mustapha Potential ANL Contribution to the EIC EIC Collaboration Meeting, 2020 25Ongoing Developments @ ANL
Breit-Rabbi Polarimeter
Achieving a high degree of polarization is very
important for injection of the atomic beam.
It is critical to understand the sources of QMA
depolarization through the atomic beam transport. RF S-1 S-2
Selection of different polarizations
To accurately measure these depolarizing effects, we
are designing and building a Breit-Rabbi polarimeter.
Simulation tools to optimize polarimeter design to
select and measure different polarization components. Hallbach sextuples arrays
The experimental development of the polarized
atomic beam source is well underway and will first
use hydrogen for demonstration of the concept.
B. Mustapha Potential ANL Contribution to the EIC EIC Collaboration Meeting, 2020 26Future Developments & Plans
Following the successful development of polarized atomic beams, their transport and
polarimetry, we plan to inject them into an EBIS source for charge breeding to produce
polarized ion beams and characterize them. (ATLAS EBIS may be leveraged)
Once this technology is mature, it will be transferred to the EIC to produce polarized heavy-
ion beams such as 21Ne and 129Xe, and other beams as needed
B. Mustapha Potential ANL Contribution to the EIC EIC Collaboration Meeting, 2020 27THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Contributors & Contacts
APS / APS-U - Storage Ring Technology
J. Byrd, M. Borland, X. Huang, V. Sajaev, U. Wienands, J. Carwardine, …
SRF Technology / SRF Gun Development
M. Kelly, J. Byrd and P. Piot
R&D for Hadron Beam Cooling – AWA Facility
J. Power, P. Piot and A. Zholents
Polarized “Heavier” Ion Beams
W. Armstrong, Z.-E. Meziani and B. Mustapha
B. Mustapha Potential ANL Contribution to the EIC EIC Collaboration Meeting, 2020 29You can also read
