Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Information Booklet - Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style - The Open College
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Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style 2018
Plagiarism &
Harvard Referencing
Information Booklet
© The Open College 2018 (Version 4) 1Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style 2018
Contents
What is Plagiarism? ...................................................................................................................... 4
The Oxford English Dictionary says: ................................................................................................... 4
College Policy and Procedure on Plagiarism .................................................................................. 4
How The Open College deters and detects Plagiarism ................................................................... 7
How to use References................................................................................................................. 8
Common Excuses used by Students .............................................................................................. 8
Introduction to Harvard Referencing Style .................................................................................. 10
What is it? ......................................................................................................................................... 10
Why reference your sources? ........................................................................................................... 10
What do I need to cite and reference?............................................................................................. 11
What does it look like? ..................................................................................................................... 12
Book with one author ....................................................................................................................... 13
Book with two authors ..................................................................................................................... 14
Book with more than three authors ................................................................................................. 14
Book with a corporate author .......................................................................................................... 15
Book with an editor .......................................................................................................................... 15
Chapter in an edited book ................................................................................................................ 16
Electronic Book (e-Book) .................................................................................................................. 16
Print Journal article with one author................................................................................................ 17
Print Journal with two or three authors ........................................................................................... 17
Print journal with more than three authors ..................................................................................... 18
E-journal article ................................................................................................................................ 18
Print Newspaper article .................................................................................................................... 19
Online Newspaper article ................................................................................................................. 19
Page on a website ............................................................................................................................. 20
© The Open College 2018 (Version 4) 2Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style 2018 Website............................................................................................................................................. 20 Blog ................................................................................................................................................... 21 Email communication ....................................................................................................................... 21 Facebook........................................................................................................................................... 22 Twitter .............................................................................................................................................. 22 Images/Photographs ........................................................................................................................ 23 Images/Photographs (Online) .......................................................................................................... 23 Lectures or Presentations ................................................................................................................. 24 Group or Individual Work ................................................................................................................. 24 Interviews (television) ...................................................................................................................... 25 Interviews (newspaper) .................................................................................................................... 25 Government agency publication ...................................................................................................... 26 Parliamentary and legal material ..................................................................................................... 27 EU publications ................................................................................................................................. 27 Conferences ...................................................................................................................................... 27 Theses ............................................................................................................................................... 28 Audio-visual material ........................................................................................................................ 28 Podcasts ............................................................................................................................................ 29 © The Open College 2018 (Version 4) 3
Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style 2018
What is Plagiarism?
Plagiarism is a serious offence, but more often than not, it results from misunderstandings
rather than a deliberate intention to cheat. Many students simply do not understand what
plagiarism is. Although confusion is understandable, especially at the beginning of your study,
ignorance will not be accepted as an excuse, or as a defense, against an accusation of
plagiarism. You must therefore make sure that you understand what plagiarism is and how
you can avoid it. [i]
The Oxford English Dictionary says:
plagiarize (also plagiarise)
verb. take (the work or an idea of someone else) and pass it off as one's own.
The College upholds the principle of assessment integrity, and that acknowledgement is given
to the contributions of others in any work, through appropriate references. It is acceptable to
use quotations from others and paraphrase information from other sources, however you
must reference this work.
College Policy and Procedure on Plagiarism
Plagiarism is a serious offence, but often, it results from misunderstandings rather than a
deliberate intention to cheat. Many learners simply do not understand what plagiarism is.
Although confusion is understandable, especially at the beginning of your study, ignorance
will not be accepted as an excuse, or as a defence, against an accusation of plagiarism.
Students must therefore make sure that they understand what plagiarism is and how they
can avoid it.
The College upholds the principle of assessment integrity, and that acknowledgement is given
to the contributions of others in any work, through appropriate references. It is acceptable
to use quotations from others and paraphrase information from other sources; however, you
must reference this work.
© The Open College 2018 (Version 4) 4Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style 2018
You may be found guilty of plagiarism in each of the following circumstances:
➢ You are presenting or passing off another person’s work as you own.
➢ Self-Plagiarism i.e. when an assessment submission contains large chunks of
information taken from another assessment already submitted by you that has
already been graded. The evidence of similar or a direct copy and paste of information
already existing in another assessment is prohibited.
➢ You import into your own work ‘more than a single phrase from another person’s work
without the use of quotation marks and identification of the source’.
➢ You make ‘extensive use of another person’s work, either by summarising or
paraphrasing it merely by changing a few words or altering the order of the
presentation, without acknowledgement’.
➢ You use, submit, or present ‘the ideas of another person without acknowledgement
of the source’.
➢ You make ‘a deliberate attempt at passing off the ideas or writings of another person
as your own’.
➢ You take ‘the words, ideas and labour of other people and give the impression that
they are your own.
➢ You have not made any attempt to paraphrase the information obtained from the
original source.
➢ You have not applied the correct intext referencing with supporting bibliography as
per information outlined in the Open College Harvard Referencing Booklet.
Learners should be advised that each assessment which is received to the college will be
checked for levels of similarity via Turn-It-In (online assessment tool) and where applicable,
similarity reports can be generated. Copies of all assessments are then retained in a repository
whereby a database of assessments is collected and for which new assessments will be
checked against.
© The Open College 2018 (Version 4) 5Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style 2018 If any assessment has found to be in breach of any of the terms listed here the necessary course of action will depend on the severity of similarity which will be reviewed on a case by case basis by the disciplinary committee – who will consider an appropriate course of action in line with the level of study being undertaken i.e. Level 5 or 6 etc. Generally, there will be four stages of the process to consider, however, it must be clearly noted that each stage of the process may not follow sequence and depending on the severity of each case the disciplinary committee may choose the appropriate course from action of any of the stages below - in some instances this may result in by passing the preceding level of the stages. Stage (1) – Warning - learners may be presented with the opportunity to make an adjustment to their assessment for resubmission without penalty. Stage (2) – a possible resubmission may be permitted; however, the relevant module assessment(s) will be capped at 50% and an additional €80.00 applicable for the remarking of the resubmitted assessment(s). Stage (3) – an ‘Unsuccessful’ grade will be considered, and relative module withdrawn. Stage (4) – Termination from the programme. Learners who are found guilty of Plagiarism are not subjected to the conditions which underpin our policies and procedures for ‘Repeat and Resubmission of an Assessment’. © The Open College 2018 (Version 4) 6
Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style 2018
How The Open College deters and detects Plagiarism
• Legal Declarations ― declarations must be submitted by Learners with each
assessment,
• Software ― The Open College uses software to detect plagiarism in submitted texts,
and will conduct regular sampling,
• Referencing Guidelines ― providing guidelines to students,
• Training ― Tutors are trained on how to detect plagiarism,
• Use of diverse assessments ― through the use unusual topics and formats e.g.
website, brochure, project, posters.
• Encouraging originality ― through self-reflection and learner records,
• Asking for applied knowledge ― applying theory X to event Y e.g. ‘Develop an Event
Proposal for a Conference in Dublin for 25 business people, with a budget of €25,000',
rather than ‘What are the elements of an Event Proposal?',
• Changing Assessments ― topics will be changed periodically,
• Drafts and Research work ― In some cases, Learners are requested to submit drafts
of their work, as they progress through the course.
© The Open College 2018 (Version 4) 7Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style 2018
How to use References
Students should be aware that good referencing is integral to good academic practice. There
are numerous ways to cite a source. The Open College requests learners to use parenthetical
references. [iii] This is where the author's last name and page number(s) are placed in
parentheses (brackets) within the text to give credit to sources.
For instance:
In their Preface, the authors point out that "Learning Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and
Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML) is like learning any new language, computer
or human" (Musciano, p21).
You must then include a bibliography at the end of your work listing all sources in the form
of: Author, Title, Publisher, Date, as shown below:-
Musciano, Tom, Building a Website, McGraw Hill, 2000.
Where direct Quotations are used, they should also be shown within quotations marks, for
instance, [iv]
Musciano, in his book Building A Website, suggests that “if the splashpage should really
disappear, it will do so not because it has exhausted its powers but because it exists in a world
grown alien to it.”
Common Excuses used by Students
The University of Essex [v] provide some enlightening excuses used by Students on why they
plagiarised. None of which are acceptable.
• Being unclear about what exactly plagiarism is,
• Having deficient time management skills or being lazy,
• Having different cultural values,
• Mistakenly believing that it will be easy to get away with,
© The Open College 2018 (Version 4) 8Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style 2018
• Knowing that the syllabus has stayed the same each year - i.e. having access to work
from previous students,
• Having unclear instructions for an assessment task (if in doubt, always clarify with
your tutor),
• Having a lack of academic confidence (again, speak to your tutor or a study skills
advisor),
• Being conditioned from secondary schooling - i.e. not being used to acknowledging
sources.
Below is a useful link which will instruct you on how to use the Microsoft word referencing
tool: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=19-E1OCdvbY
© The Open College 2018 (Version 4) 9Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style 2018
Introduction to Harvard Referencing Style
What is it?
Academic writing requires authors to support their arguments with reference to other
published work or experimental results/findings. A reference system will perform three
essential tasks:
• Enable you to acknowledge other authors’ ideas (avoid plagiarism).
• Enable a reader to quickly locate the source of the material you refer to so they can
consult it if they wish.
• Indicate to the reader the scope and depth of your research.
The Harvard style is a widely used referencing system to help you achieve these objectives.
Referencing is acknowledging in detail all the information sources (books, journal articles,
web pages) that you have used in completing your assignment.
Citing is referencing your sources within the text of your assignment. This is also known as
an in-text citation.
Referencing your sources is usually done by an in-text citation and a full reference in a
reference list or bibliography at the end of the assignment.
Why reference your sources?
• Referencing demonstrates you have read widely on the subject and allows your
lecturer to find further information about the sources you have used.
• Referencing acknowledges thoughts, ideas and quotations from other people's work.
• Referencing supports ideas and arguments you have made in your assignment.
• Referencing helps you avoid accusations of plagiarism.
© The Open College 2018 (Version 4) 10Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style 2018 What do I need to cite and reference? Paraphrasing Paraphrasing is when you write the thoughts and ideas of someone e se in your own words. You still need to cite and reference your source when paraphrasing. Here is an example taken from the book 'The We come Business' by Glenn Mehta (2007). Original extract: 'The origins of tourism lay in the necessity of the people of the ancient world to travel, whether for business or leisure as well as military' reason. Quotations Quotations are used when directly stating another person's words in your assignment. These are put in quotation marks (single or double, check your style guide for clarity but be consistent). The author's name, the date of their work and the appropriate page number should be provided. Example: 'Evolution is all the changes that have occurred in living things since the beginning of life' (Mader, 2006, p.546). Common Knowledge Information, facts, dates or events that are generally well known by all are considered common knowledge and do not need to be cited. © The Open College 2018 (Version 4) 11
Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style 2018
Example:
Common Knowledge would be that the Phoenix Park is located in Dublin or the currency of
and is the Euro.
If you are uncertain that something common knowledge, cite and reference it.
What does it look like?
Here is an extract showing what in-text citations look like in the Harvard Style
It has been claimed that due to funding being almost exclusively available from the
Irish Film Board (IFB), Irish film makers are restricted to the type of Ireland they can
depict in their work (MacDougall, 2009). Jervir (2011) argues that subjects such as
Northern Ireland are disproportionately represented as these are key areas of
interest to the IFB.
Here is an example of what a Reference List looks like in the Harvard Style
Moriarty, D. (2012) Funding models for Irish film makers. Dublin: Collins Press.
Hayes, B. C., McAllister, I. and Dowds, L. (2011) 'Depicting Ireland on Film, what are
we really saying?', Social Cinema Journal, 54(4), pp. 454-482.
Jervir, C. E. O. (2010) 'Symbolic Violence, Resistance and how we view ourselves in
Irish Film', World Cinema, 37(6), pp. 392-407.
MacDougall, H. (2009) 'Who Needs Hollywood?: The Role of Popular Genre Films in
Irish National Cinema', The Canadian Journal of Irish Studies, 35(1), pp. 39-46.
© The Open College 2018 (Version 4) 12Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style 2018
In this guide we show how common reference types should look in your reference list (REF)
along with an example. Immediately following this will be two samples of how that
reference should appear as an in-text citation (ITC).
If the exact reference type you are looking for is not shown in this guide, look for one similar
and follow the same rules. Alternatively consult the book “Cite the Right,” by Richard Pears
and Graham Shields.
Notation guide
REF = reference list
ITC = in-text citation
Book with one author
REF: Author/Editor Last name, Initials. (Year) Title. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher.
Example: McDonagh, S. (2001) Why are we Deaf to the Cry of the Earth? Dublin: Veritas.
ITC:
• Author Last name (Year)
• (Author Last name, Year)
Example:
➢ According to McDonagh (2001)
➢ As has been argued (McDonagh, 2001)
© The Open College 2018 (Version 4) 13Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style 2018
Book with two authors
REF: First author Last name, Initials and second author Last name, Initials (Year) Title. Place
of publication: Publisher.
Example: Shalloway, A. and Trott, J. (2001) Design patterns explained: a new perspective on
object-oriented design. London: Addison Wesley.
ITC:
➢ First author Last name and second author Last name (Year)
➢ (First author Last name and second author Last name, Year)
Example:
➢ Shalloway and Trott (2001) suggest that…..
➢ It has been suggested (Shalloway and Trott, 2001)
Book with more than three authors
REF: Authors’ Names. (Year) Title. Place of publication: Publishing company.
Example: McGeady, T.A., Quinn, P.J., Fitzpatrick, E.S. and Ryan, M.T. (2006) Veterinary
embryology. Oxford: Blackwell.
ITC:
➢ First author Last name et al. (Year)
➢ (First author Last name et al. Year)
Example:
➢ McGeady et al. (2006) suggest….
➢ It has been suggested (McGeady et al., 2006)….
© The Open College 2018 (Version 4) 14Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style 2018
Book with a corporate author
REF: Name of corporate author (Year) Title. Place of publication: Publisher.
Example: Department of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development (2000) Pedigree sheep
breed improvement programme: performance results for lambs summer 2000. Cavan:
Department of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development.
ITC:
➢ Name of corporate author (Year)
➢ (Name of corporate author, Year)
Example:
➢ Figures from the Department of Agriculture (2000) show that….
➢ Figures from other sources (Department of Agriculture, 2000) show….
Book with an editor
REF: Editor(s) Last name, Initials (Ed.). (Year) Title. Place of publication: Publisher.
Example: O'Riordan, T. (Ed.). (2001) Globalism, Localism and Identity. London: Earthscan.
ITC:
➢ Editor’s Last name (Year)
➢ (Editor’s Last name, Year)
Example:
➢ This was examined in O’Riordain (2001)….
➢ Others have examined this claim (O’Riordain, 2001)….
© The Open College 2018 (Version 4) 15Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style 2018
Chapter in an edited book
REF: Chapter Author(s) Last name, Initials. (Year) 'Chapter title'. In: Editor's(s) last name,
Initials. ed(s). Book title. Place of publication: Publisher.
Example: Rose, H. (2000) 'Risk, Trust and Scepticism in the Age of the New Genetics'. In:
Adam, B. et al. eds. Risk Society and Beyond. London: Sage.
ITC:
➢ Author(s) Last name (Year)
➢ (Author(s) Last name, Year
Example:
➢ This was proposed by Rose (2000)….
➢ It has been proposed (Rose, 2000)….
Electronic Book (e-Book)
REF: Authors’ Last name, Initials. (Year) Title of book. Available at: URL [Downloaded: Day
Month Year].
Example: Luhr, W. (2004) The Coen brothers' Fargo: Cambridge University Press film
handbooks series. Available at: http://www.amazon.co.uk/Coen-Brothers-Fargo-Cambridge-
Handbooks ebook/dp/B001G60IQI/ref=kinw_dp_ke [Downloaded: 24 February 2014].
ITC:
➢ Author’s Last name (year)
➢ (Author’s Last name, year)
Example:
➢ Luhr (2012) suggests that the Coen brothers…
➢ It has been argued that “The Coen brothers represent a revolution in
cinamatography” (Luhr, 2012, Chapter 2, 22%).
© The Open College 2018 (Version 4) 16Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style 2018
Print Journal article with one author
REF: Author Last name, Initials. (Year) 'Article title', Journal title, Volume (Issue), pp. page
numbers.
Example: Tovey, H. (2002) 'Risk, Morality, and the Sociology of Animals - Reflections of the
Foot and Mouth Outbreak in Ireland', Irish Journal of Sociology, 11 (1), pp. 23-42.
ITC:
➢ Author(s) Last name (Year)
➢ (Author(s) Last name, Year)
Example:
➢ Tovey (2002) argues….
➢ It has been argued (Tovey, 2002)….
Print Journal with two or three authors
REF: First Author Last name, Initials and Second Author Last name, Initials. (Year) 'Article
title', Journal title, Volume (Issue), pp. page numbers.
Example: Lopez, I. and Rodriguez, E. (2011) 'The Spanish Model', New Left Review, 69
(May/June 2011), pp. 5 – 28.
ITC:
➢ First author Last name and second author Last name (Year)
➢ (First author Last name and second author Last name, Year)
Example:
➢ Lopez and Rodriguez (2011) suggest that…..
➢ It has been suggested (Lopez and Rodriguez, 2011)….
© The Open College 2018 (Version 4) 17Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style 2018
Print journal with more than three authors
REF: Authors’ Names. (Year) 'Article title', Journal title, Volume (Issue), pp. page numbers.
Example: Janssen, C, Vanhamme, J, Lindgreen, A, and Lefebvre, C. (2014) 'The Catch-22 of
Responsible Luxury: Effects of Luxury Product Characteristics on Consumers' Perception of
Fit with Corporate Social Responsibility', Journal of Business Ethics, 119(1), pp. 45-57.
ITC:
➢ First author Last name et al. (Year)
➢ (First author Last name et al. Year)
Example:
➢ Janssen et al. (1996) suggest….
➢ It has been suggested (Janssen et al., 1996)….
E-journal article
REF: Author(s) Last name, Initials. (Year) ‘Article title’, Journal title, Volume (Issue), pp. page
numbers. Available at: URL [Accessed Day Month Year].
Example: Hawke, J, Wadsworth, S, & DeFries, J, (2006). ‘Genetic influences on reading
difficulties in boys and girls: the Colorado twin study’, Dyslexia, 12 (1), pp. 21-29 . Available
at: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/112098736/PDFSTART [Accessed
10 February 2009].
ITC:
➢ Author(s) Last name (Year)
➢ (Author(s) Last name, Year)
Example:
➢ Hawke, Wadsworth and DeFries (2006) argue ….
➢ Others have shown (Hawke, Wadsworth and DeFries, 2006)…..
© The Open College 2018 (Version 4) 18Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style 2018
Print Newspaper article
REF: Author(s) Last name, Initials. (Year) ‘Article title’, Newspaper title, date, page numbers.
Example: O'Dea, W. (2006) ‘Irish role in battle group concept will help to bolster UN’, Irish
Times, 10 January, p.16.
ITC:
➢ Author(s) Last name (Year)
➢ (Author(s) Last name, Year)
Example:
➢ O’Dea (2006) proposed….
➢ The article (O’Dea, 2006) argues….
Online Newspaper article
REF: Author(s) Last name, Initials. (Year) ‘Article title’, Newspaper title, day month of
publication. Available at: URL [Accessed Day Month Year].
Example: Keenan, D 2011,'North voters go to polls today', Irish Times, 5 May. Available at:
http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2011/0505/1224296146826.html. [5 May
2011].
ITC:
➢ Author(s) Last name (Year)
➢ (Author(s) Last name, Year)
Example:
➢ Keenan (2011) reported….
➢ In the report (Keenan, 2011)….
© The Open College 2018 (Version 4) 19Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style 2018
Page on a website
REF: Webpage Author(s) Last name, Initials. (Year) Page title. Available at: URL [Accessed
Day Month Year].
Example: Kelly, M. (2004) Environmental Attitudes and Behaviours: Ireland in Comparative
European Perspective. Available at:
https://epa.ie/pubs/reports/research/econ/envirattitudesthirdrept.pdf [Accessed 8
February 2009].
ITC:
➢ Author(s) Last name (Year)
➢ (Author(s) Last name, Year)
Example:
➢ Kelly (2004) responded….
➢ In the response (Kelly, 2004)….
Website
REF: Website author. (Year published/Last updated) Title of Internet Site. Available at: URL
[Accessed Day Month Year].
Example: International Tourism Partnership (2004). International Tourism Partnership.
Available at: http://www.internationaltourismpartnership.org/ [Accessed 8 February
2009].
ITC: (Website name, Year)
Example: Information available from their website (International Tourism Partnership, 2004)
….
© The Open College 2018 (Version 4) 20Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style 2018
Blog
REF: Author(s) Last name, First name. (Year site published/Last updated) ‘Title of message’,
Title of Internet Site, Day Month of posted message. Available at: URL [Accessed Day Month
Year].
Example: O’Connor, John (2010) ‘Global warming and the future’, Jane Murphy Blog, 14
January. Available at: http://janemurphyblog.com/blogs/archive/2010/01/14/115/aspx
[Accessed 13 April 2010].
ITC:
➢ Author(s) Last name (Year)
➢ (Author(s) Last name, Year)
Example:
➢ O’Connor (2010) proposed….
➢ It was proposed elsewhere (O’Connor, 2010)
Email communication
REF: Sender Last name, Initials (Year of message) Email to name of recipient, Day Month of
communication.
Example: Scott, G. (2010) E-mail to John Bryce, 26 February.
ITC:
➢ Author(s) Last name (Year)
➢ (Author(s) Last name, Year)
Example:
➢ In an email response (Scott, 2010)
➢ In an email to this author (Scott, 2010)
© The Open College 2018 (Version 4) 21Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style 2018
Facebook
REF: Author Last name, Initials. (Year page published/last updated) Title of page. Day Month
Year of posted message. Available at: URL [Accessed Day Month Year].
Example: DSPCA (2014) Dublin, SPCA. 21 January. Available at:
https://www.facebook.com/dspca [Accessed 15 February 2014].
ITC:
➢ Author(s) Last name (Year)
➢ (Author(s) Last name Year)
Example:
➢ DSPCA (2014) reported the discovery of four emaciated pups…..
➢ It was reported that four emaciated pups were discovered on Christmas day (DSPCA,
2014).
Twitter
REF: Author(s) Last name, Initials. (Year page published/last updated) Day Month Year of
posted message. Available at: URL [Accessed Day Month Year].
Example: The Open College (2015) 29 July 2014. Available at:
https://twitter.com/theopencollege [Accessed 24 March 2014]
ITC:
➢ Author(s) Last name (Year)
➢ (Authors(s) Last name, Year)
Example:
• The Open College (2014) reports that the POBAL Funding for Childcare Training will be
extended
*Note: date of post is used for in-text citation, date page published/last updated.
© The Open College 2018 (Version 4) 22Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style 2018
Images/Photographs
REF: Photographer/Creator Last name, Initial(s). (Year) Title of image/photograph
[Photograph/Image]. Place of publication: Publisher.
Example: O’Meara, S. (2014) Orchid [Photograph]. Co. Clare: Collins Press.
ITC:
➢ Author(s) Last name (Year)
➢ (Authors(s) Last name, Year)
Example:
➢ O’Meara (2014) shows a perfect example of the epipactis atrorubens.
➢ The velvety red of the epipactis atrorubens is demonstrated (O’Meara, 2014).
Images/Photographs (Online)
REF: Photographer/Creator Last name, Initial(s). (Year). Title of image/photograph. Available
at: URL [Accessed 31 January 2014].
Example: O’Meara, S. (2014) Orchid. Available at: www.theburrenorchidcollection.ie
[Accessed 3 February 2014].
ITC:
As detailed for Images/Photographs above.
© The Open College 2018 (Version 4) 23Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style 2018
Lectures or Presentations
REF: Author(s) Last name, Initial(s). (Year) Title of lecture/presentation [Medium], (Module
Code: Module title). Institution. Day Month.
Example: De Burca, M. (2014) Geriatric radiography services in Ireland [Lecture to BSc
Radiography Stage 3], RDGY30300: Clinical Practice of Radiography. University College
Dublin. 11 May.
ITC:
➢ Author(s) Last name (Year)
➢ (Authors(s) Last name, Year)
Example:
➢ De Burca (2014) described the complicated system of radiographic services……
➢ There is a complicated system of geriatric radiographic services (De Burca, 2014).
Group or Individual Work
REF: Student(s) Last name, Initial (s). (Year of submission) ‘Title of
essay/project/assignment’, Module Code: module title. Institution. Unpublished
essay/project/assignment.
Example: Woods, M., Mulcahy, W.D., Halpin, L., and O’Shea, R.W. (2014) ‘A model code of
ethics for corporate governance in the Irish non-profit and charity sector’, BMGT3019D:
Corporate Responsibilities and Business Ethics. University College Dublin. Unpublished group
project.
ITC:
➢ Author(s) Last name et al. (Year)
➢ (Author(s) Last name et al., Year)
© The Open College 2018 (Version 4) 24Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style 2018
Example:
➢ Woods et al. (2014) detailed a model for corporate governance…..
➢ There have been complete models for corporate governance in the Irish non-profit
and charity sector (Woods et al., 2014).
*Note: use the “et al.” for three or more authors just like for a book/journal etc.
Interviews (television)
REF: Last name, Initials of person interviewed. (Year of interview) ‘Title of the interview (if
any)’. Interview by/with Interviewer’s First name, Last name, Title of publication, Day Month
of Publication, page numbers if present.
Example: Kenny, E. (2013) ‘Ireland’s lost generation’. Interviewed by Miriam O’Callaghan for
Prime Time, RTE One Television, 15 March.
ITC:
➢ Interviewee(s) Last name (Year)
➢ (Interviewee(s) Last name, Year)
Example
➢ Kenny (2010) claimed in an interview….
➢ In an interview on RTE (Kenny, 2010)….
Interviews (newspaper)
REF: Last name, Initials of person interviewed. (Year of interview) ‘Title of the interview (if
any)’. Interview by/with Interviewer’s First name Last name, Title of publication, Day Month
of Publication, page numbers if present.
© The Open College 2018 (Version 4) 25Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style 2018
Example: O’Brien, M. (2014) ‘Achieving success in parenting’. Interview by Siobhan
Moynihan for Irish News Weekly, 6 June, p. 56.
ITC:
➢ Interviewee(s) Last name (Year)
➢ (Interviewee(s) Last name, Year)
Example:
➢ O’Brien (2014) outlined honesty as key to parenting……
➢ Honesty is seen as key to parenting through the teenage years (O’Brien, 2014).
Government agency publication
REF: Name of government department (Year) Title. Place of publication: Publisher (Series if
applicable). Available at: URL [Accessed Day Month Year].
Example: Department of Health & Children (2006) ‘A Vision for Change’ Report of the Expert
Group on Mental Health Policy'. Dublin: Stationary Office. Available at:
http://www.dohc.ie/publications/vision_for_change.html [Accessed 11 April 2010].
ITC:
➢ Department (Year)
➢ (Department, Year)
Example:
➢ The Department of Health & Children (2006) have shown….
➢ In a similar report (Department of Health & Children, 2006) it was shown…
© The Open College 2018 (Version 4) 26Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style 2018 Parliamentary and legal material REF: Government of Country. Title (Year) Place of Publication: Publisher. Example: Government of Ireland. Human Rights Commission Act. (2000) Dublin: Stationery Office. ITC: (Country. Title of Legislation Year) Example: Legislation (Ireland. Human Rights Commission Act 2000) outlawing the act…. EU publications REF: Name of EU Institution (Year) Title. Place of Publication: Publisher. Example: European Commission (2003) Making globalisation work for everyone. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. ITC: (Name of EU Institution, Year Example: The predicted growth (European Commission, 2003) did not occur…. Conferences REF: Author(s) Last Name, Initials (Year) ‘Title of paper’, Title of conference: subtitle. Location and date of conference. Place of publication: Publisher, Pages numbers Example: O’Connor, J (2009) ‘Towards a greener Ireland’, Discovering our natural sustainable resources: future proofing. University College Dublin, 15 – 16 March. Dublin: Irish Environmental Institute, pp. 65 – 69. © The Open College 2018 (Version 4) 27
Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style 2018
ITC:
➢ Author(s) Last name (Year)
➢ (Author(s) Last name, Year)
Example:
➢ O’Connor (2009) was able to highlight….
➢ Others (O’Connor, 2009) have shown …..
Theses
REF: Author (Year of submission) Title of thesis. Degree statement. Degree-awarding body.
Example: Allen, S. J. (2009) The social and moral fibre of Celtic Tiger Ireland. Unpublished
PhD thesis. University College Dublin.
ITC:
➢ Author Last name (Year)
➢ (Author Last name, Year)
Example:
➢ Allen (2009) disagrees with this…..
➢ As argued elsewhere (Allen, 2009)….
Audio-visual material
REF: Title of film (Year of distribution) Director [Format]. Place of distribution: Distribution
company.
Example: The Lives of Others. (2007) Florien Henckel von Donnersmarck [DVD]. Santa
Monica: Lionsgate.
© The Open College 2018 (Version 4) 28Plagiarism & Harvard Referencing Style 2018
ITC:
➢ Title of film, Year
➢ (Title of film, Year)
Example:
➢ The portrait shown in The Lives of Others (2007)….
➢ East Germany was the subject of a recent successful movie (The Lives of Others,
2007)….
Podcasts
REF: Author/Presenter Last name, Initial(s). (Year site published/updated) Title of podcast.
[Podcast]. Day Month Year of podcast posted. Available at: URL [Accessed Day Month Year].
Example: Reddy, M. (2013) Hibernian Hardboiled: Race & Gender in Contemporary Irish
Crime Fiction. [Podcast]. 24 November 2013. Available at:
http://www.ucd.ie/humanities/events/podcasts/2013/irish-crime-fiction/index.html
[Accessed 31 January 2014].
ITC:
➢ Author’s/Presenter’s Last name (year)
➢ (Author’s/Presenter’s Last name, year)
Example:
➢ Reddy (2013) outlines how Irish crime fiction…..
➢ It has been argued Irish Crime fiction has strong gender typing (Reddy, 2013).
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