Phase IV monitoring 2020-21 All India Tiger Estimation 2021-22 - Karnataka Forest Department
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Index Data- Beats in place of Grids as a practical solution for Systematic Sampling -Carnivore sign index -Ungulate abundance index Phase- I (8 day -Human disturbance index protocol in all Tiger -Habitat indices Bearing Indices Forests) -“Human Foot Print” indices Phase- II -Habitat indices (Remotely Sensed -Landscape indices by WII) - Camera Traps – Mark- recapture- Tigers Absolute Abundance Phase- III ( Tiger -Distance Sampling for Reserves) Ungulates.
Basic understanding & concept ◼ Field data collected by beat guard is useful not only for his own area but more importantly, also for the entire landscape. ◼ Casual, defective or cooked up data collected by few individuals can distort the results of entire landscape. ◼ Even absence of tiger signs is an important indicator, in relation to the other parameters.
Beat wise monitoring of sign encounters • Field Days - 3 • 3 days carnivore sign survey - 4-6 km on different trails everyday • For 3days 15kms • Form-1 Carnivore and Mega-Herbivore Sign Survey Datasheet • Materials : Android sets / GPS/ Battery / Camera /Scat collection kit / wooden scale
Carnivore sign survey ◼ Day 1 ◼ Walk at least 5 km in a part of beat & record data as per instructions. ◼ Use Form 1 of MSTrIPES Ecological application. ◼ Day 2 & 3 ◼ Repeat the exercise in remaining area of beat covering entire beat. ◼ Walk at least 15 km per beat in the 3 days survey. It is not mandate that entire division has to conduct the survey on the same dates, block wise method can be implemented based on logistics and skilled manpower availability.
…carnivore sign survey ◼ There are also 5 questions in datasheet-I. Fill up the information for tigress and female leopard with cubs and incidences of cattle attack. ◼ Cases of recent human attack can be recorded in remarks. ( para. 6 ) ◼ If sign types are not identifiable, note their details in remarks. ◼ Note any other important observation in remarks section
Forest Beat with 3 Sign Sampling tracks and 2 Transect lines (Beat size :10-12 Sq. Kms) Line transect-1 Line transect-2 1 2 3
Carnivore sign survey • Illusive species, but visible signs • Intensive search • Search in most likely areas in each Beat • 3 searches each of 4-6 km • Important to record distance covered in each search • Same cluster of beats identified for camera trap sampling
Form – 1 Field protocols • Minimum 3 members in the Team • Person in middle will scan for signs in the middle of road, Team members on left and right will scan the edge of the road 2-3 m away. • Each Pugmark trail set ( say 1 km) is considered as “one sign”, record repetitive pugmarks every 500m • Be more Vigilant at Road/Foot-trail Junctions, Waterholes or water bodies and scan wider areas. • Intensive search.
Indirect Evidences 1. Foot prints 2. Faecal matters 3. Signs left by the animals
Pugmarks
c. Pug marks Tiger Leopard Wild dog
Sloth Bear Otter
Form-1 PUGMARK_TRA CK
1. Faecal matters a. Scats Civets, Cats, Wild dog, Sloth Bear, Otter b. Pellets Sambar, Deer, Black naped Hare c. Dung Elephant, Gaur d. Droppings Primates, Wild pig, Porcupine
Tiger • Large size in cluster
Leopard • With primate hair
Wild Dog • In several clusters
Sloth Bear • With seeds and beetles
Form-1 SCAT_DUNG
Form-1 SCRAPE
RAKE MARKS
MSTrIPES ecological app: Android version 9 and above
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 1
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 1
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 1
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 1
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 1
Importing in MSTrIPES desktop
Carnivore occupancy • It is possible that the surveyed beat is having the presence of tigers or other carnivores, however, during the sign survey no evidence was found. • In such cases occupancy models allow and correct imperfect detection. Therefore, report actual data as collected from the field and do not worry if it does not show a tiger sign. • Occupancy models also incorporate covariates, i.e. factors that influence the presence of carnivores (tigers/leopards/etc. ) in an area, eg. Human disturbance, prey availability, habitat quality.
Form 2: Ungulate line transect and analysis
Ungulate line transect • Visible species • Systematic search • Search in dominant forest type in each Beat • 1 line transect of minimum 2km • Walk early morning. Count no. of each species, group size, young ones seen. • Record forest type and terrain type of the transect • Transect should not be along the river or road
Angular Sighting Distance (Laser Range Finder) Compass Bearing GPS reading
Perpendicular Distance
Data Sheet-2 Important species to Record
Data Sheet- 2 Important species to Record
Data Sheet- 2 Important species to Record
Forest Beat with two Transect lines (Beat size :10-12 Sq. Kms) Line transect-1 Line transect-2
Forest Beat with two Transect lines (Beat size :10-12 Sq. Kms) Line transect-1 Line transect-2
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 1
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 2
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 2
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 2
Importing in MSTrIPES desktop
MSTrIPES Form 2 analysis
Form 3 (A,B,C) & Form 4: Habitat and pellet plots
Habitat and pellet plots • Absolute countable parameters • Systematic sampling • Plot at every 400m while returning from each transect • 6 plots on an average on a 2 km transect • Form 3 has (A) vegetation parameters (B) human disturbance signs and (C) ground cover • Form 4 to pellet counts
Forest Beat with 3 Sign Sampling tracks and 2 Transect lines (Beat size :10-12 Sq. Kms) Line transect-1 Line transect-2
Form-3 (A,B,C) and 4 Vegetation Survey 0m 400 m 800 m 1200 m 1600 m 2 Km Plot ID 0 1 2 3 4 5
Habitat and pellet plots 2m Pellet plots 20m Habitat plots
Form 3 (A,B,C)
Data sheet 3A- Canopy cover- examples Canopy cover 0 or 0% 0.2 or 20% 0.6 or 60% 1 or 100% (Fully open, no (Sky 80% (Sky 40% (Fully closed, canopy, sky open) open.) sky not fully visible) visible)
Form 3 (A,B,C)
Data sheet 3A- Shrub Percent Cover- examples Shrub/Shruby weed Percent cover 0 or 0% 1 or 25% 2 or 50% 3 or 75% 4 or 100% No Shrub Full Shrub
Form 3 (A,B,C)
Dry leaf litter % in 1 m circular plot- Datasheet 3C Dry leaf Litter 40% 1m Dry leaf litter @ 70%
Ground % cover cover type Weeds- 5 % Dry grass- 10% Green grass- 15% 1m Herbs -20% Bare ground - 50% Data sheet 3C- Ground Total ground 100% cover in 1m radius circular cover
Form 4
Pellets of different herbivore- DCF WL Allapalli. Dec. 2009
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 1
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 3 & 4
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 3 & 4
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 3 & 4
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 4
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 4
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 4
MSTrIPES ecological app: Form 3 & 4
Importing in MSTrIPES desktop
MSTrIPES Form 3 analysis
Camera Trap Field Protocols • Remove grass blades, leaves in front of camera that blocks camera sensors and flash • Align the cameras properly • Place the cameras at Knee height ( 1.5 feet) from ground level • Each camera should be at 3-4 m from the center of the road/trail • Minimum disturbance at the site where camera is deployed • Insert AA Batteries with correct polarity • Check and set Date, Time and Location ID correctly • Enter all observations in datasheets • Checking the camera units regularly • Submitting data cards to Range office along with datasheets • Do not share data
Deployment of Camera Traps
Deployment of Camera Traps
Thank You !
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