Official Paraphernalia - The Material Culture of the German Nuclear Industry Dirk HR Spennemann
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The Material Culture of the German Nuclear Industry
Official Paraphernalia
Dirk HR Spennemann
The Material Culture of the German Nuclear Industry I
Official Paraphernalia
Dirk HR Spennemann
Albury
July 2021
Dirk HR Spennemann
© 2021. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication are copyright in all countries
subscribing to the Berne Convention. No parts of this report may be reproduced in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, in existence or to be invented, including
photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the
written permission of the authors, except where permitted by law.
Preferred citation of this Report
Spennemann, Dirk HR (2021) Material Culture of the German Nuclear Industry I. Official
Paraphernalia. Institute for Land, Water and Society Report nº 149. Albury, NSW: Institute for
Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University.
ISBN 978-1-86-467397-5
Disclaimer
The views expressed in this report are solely the author’s and do not necessarily reflect the
views of Charles Sturt University.
Contact
Associate Professor Dirk HR Spennemann, MA, PhD, MICOMOS, APF
Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 789, Albury NSW
2640, Australia. email: dspennemann@csu.edu.au
— ii —
Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 Coats of Arms ................................................................................................................ 2 Uniform Patches of Nuclear Plant Fire Services .............................................................. 5 Commemorative Medals ............................................................................................. 13 Background ................................................................................................................................................13 Medals of the German Democratic Republic .......................................................................................13 Medals of the Federal Repubilc of Germany........................................................................................13 Catalogue—Nuclear Power Plants ...........................................................................................................14 Catalogue—Nuclear Waste Disposal .......................................................................................................18 Catalogue—Medals other than Germany ..................................................................................................25 Activity Medals ........................................................................................................... 26 Machine Franking Stamps ........................................................................................... 29 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................... 30 Bibliography ................................................................................................................ 30
Dirk HR Spennemann
List of Figures
Figure 1. References to nuclear power in the coats of arms of German communities .................................... 3
Figure 2. Examples of uniform patches of fire services of nuclear power plant . ............................................. 6
Figure 3. Examples of patches of fire services of the nuclear power industry ................................................ 10
Figure 4. Examples of uniform patches of fire services of nuclear research centres ...................................... 10
Figure 5. Examples of other paraphernalia of fire services of the nuclear power industry. .......................... 11
Figure 6. Example of a uniform patch of the medical services of the nuclear power industry ..................... 11
Figure 7. Example of a uniform patch of the protection services of the nuclear power industry ................ 11
Figure 8. Example of a uniform patch of the fire services of the nuclear power industry in Switzerland .. 11
Figure 9. Examples of production variants (batches) of uniform patches ....................................................... 12
Figure 10. Details of activity medals with nuclear power plant motifs ............................................................. 26
Figure 11. Details of activity medals with nuclear power plant motifs ............................................................. 26
Figure 12. Example of a Machine Franking Stamp type RB3.1. Ascom Hasler “Mailmaster” used by KKW
Obrigheim December 2002. .................................................................................................................... 29
Figure 13. Example of a Machine Franking Stamp type RB1.3. Postalia “D2/D3”used by KKW
Gundremmingen December 2005. ......................................................................................................... 29
— iv —
Introduction
While the history of nuclear power industry and the heritage value of nuclear power stations
has been commented on in a number of academic papers (Gunn, 2012; Holtorf & Högberg,
2014, 2015; Rindzevičiūtė, 2016; Taylor & Freer, 2002), the tangible heritage of that industry is
not being preserved, as most decommissioned powerplants are being built back to greenfield
sites. The material culture associated with these power plants and the material culture
associated with the anti-nuclear movement has also seen comparatively little formal
assessment and documentation.
Although a printed matter, posters, promotional brochures and picture postcards are
ephemera and as such they are not systematically collected by the German National Library
(Kucera, Picard, & Pleßke, 1992; Matthias & Wiechmann, 2009) or other national or state
institutions in Germany (e.g. Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, 2008).
Elsewhere, the author has discussed the nature and production of underground comics
disseminated throughout the anti-nuclear movement in the 1980s (Dirk H.R. Spennemann,
2015, 2016) as well as the nature and iconography of picture postcards published by postcard
publishers and local photographers (Dirk H.R. Spennemann, 2021a). Other work examined
the iconography of QSL cards distributed to amateur radio enthusiasts by the German nuclear
power industry as well as the underlying marketing strategy (Dirk H.R. Spennemann, subm.).
This present study documents the official paraphernalia associated with German nuclear
power, such as coats of arms of German communities showing atomic symbols, uniform
patches of the fire services of nuclear power plants, as well as commemorative medals and
machine franking stamps. A parallel study documents the marketing materials distributed by
the German nuclear power industry (Dirk H.R. Spennemann, 2021b)
The items shown are either in the possession of the author or have been sourced
through systematic online searches in German, English and French on the general WWW, in
on-line auction houses such as eBay, hood.de, and Delcampe and sales platforms such as
Amazon and Etsy. Image aggregator sites such as PicClick (http://picclick.com) allow ready
access to such images and through these, to the original listings.
This study forms part of a project that examines the tangible and social cultural heritage
of the German nuclear power industry (Dirk H.R. Spennemann, 2015, 2016, 2021a, 2021b,
subm.).
Dirk HR Spennemann
Coats of Arms
A visual manifestation of a town’s or regions’ nuclear past persists in the form of the inclusion
of an atomic symbol in several coats of arms. Commonly symbol is a two-dimensional
representation of Bohr’s atomic model, expressed as a nucleus surrounded by three elliptical
electron paths. During the period of the nuclear euphoria of the 1960s and early 1970s
(Gerstein, 1984), many German communities perceived the presence of a nuclear power plant
within their boundaries as a cachet. To symbolise their communities’ state of progress and
embracing of humanity’s future, several communities, all in southern Germany, added the
atomic symbol into their coat of arms.
The first use of the symbol occurred in 1961 with its incorporation into the coat of arms
for the administrative district (‘Landkreis’) of Karlsruhe. In 1966 the symbol found use in the
coat of arms of the community of Großwelzheim, which since 1962 had hosted the trial
reactor VAK Kahl. This was followed by the communities of Garching in 1967,
Gundremmingen in 1970 and Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen in 1974. When Großwelzheim
merged in 1977 to form Karlstein am Main, the atomic symbol was retained in the new coat of
arms.
Rooted in medieval customs of signalling the identity of an armour-bearing combatant,
heraldry is still en vogue today as a visual expression of a community’s heritage and identity.
While a coat of arms is a more stable iconographic entity than a community’s logo for
example (Balmer 1995; Florek, Insch, & Gnoth, 2006), administrative reorganisations, such as
the amalgamation of communities, require an equal recognition of amalgamated entities and
thus allow for a visual reinterpretation of identity—as indeed has occurred in the example of
Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen (see [5]).
Following the incident at Fukushima and Germany’s decision to phase out nuclear
energy generation by 2022 (Bundestag, 2011), the use of the atomic symbol in a community’s
coats of arms has been regarded as an anachronism by some commentators (Janzing, 2011b,
2011a), which has not gone unnoticed by some of the communities concerned (e.g.
Anonymous, 2014; Riedel, 2011).
[1] Landkreis Karlsruhe
The atomic symbol was first incorporated into German communal heraldry on 25 January
1961, when it was made part of the coat of arms of the administrative district (‘Landkreis’) of
Karlsruhe (State of Baden Württemberg). The inclusion of the atomic symbol was a direct
reference to the German national nuclear research centre, the Kernforschungszentrum
Karlsruhe, within the district (Lehmann & Körting, 1981). Following the major communal
restructure of 1972, which resulted in redrawn district boundaries, the atomic symbol was
dropped from the new coat of arms (Herwig, 1997).
[2] Großwelzheim / Karlstein am Main
In 1966 the community of Großwelzheim (now Karlstein am Main, District of Aschaffenburg,
State of Bayern) adopted the inclusion of the atomic symbol in its coat of arms.
Großwelzheim is a community that had two nuclear power plants within its boundaries, the
trial reactor VAK Kahl (1962–1985)(Hackel, 2011) and the short-lived nuclear power plant
HDR Großwelzheim (1970–1971) which later served as a major test facility for reactor safety
(Valencia, 1998). In addition, Großwelzheim was the location of a major training centre for
the nuclear industry (Lochmann, 1985). When, as part of an administrative restructure,
Großwelzheim was merged with the neighbouring town of Dettingen to form the community
—2—
Paraphernalia of the German Nuclear Industry I: Official Paraphernalia
of Karlstein am Main, the nuclear element was continued in the new coat of arms of the
merged communities (Heyl, 2012c).
Landkreis Karlsruhe Großwelzheim Karlstein am Main
(1961–1973) (1966–1977) (1977– )
Gundremmmigen Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Garching
(1970– ) (1974– ) (1967– )
Figure 1. References to nuclear power in the coats of arms of German communities
[3] Garching
Since 1967 the coat of arms of the community of Garching (Rural District of München, State
of Bayern) has carried the domed roof (‘atomic egg’) of the 1959 building housing the
research reactor of the Technical University of Munich (Heyl, 2012a; Maier-Leibnitz, 1959).
[4] Gundremmingen
The Gundremmingen (District of Günzburg, State of Bayern) chose to include the atomic
symbol in their coat of arms in March 1970 because the town was “a well-known location of a
nuclear power plant” (Gemeide Gundremmingen, 2012; Heyl, 2012b). The plant in question,
Gundremmingen A, started production in December 1966 and was in commission until
January 1977 when a major accident occurred that eventually rendered the plant economically
unviable (Mandel, 1965; Mies, Stang, Watzel, Schacky, & Rittscher, 1987). Nuclear power
continues to be produced at Gundremmmigen Blocks B and C, both of which were
commissioned in 1984 (Ettemeyer & Reim, 1995).
[5] Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
In 1974, when the two communities of Eggenstein and Leopoldshafen (both Rural District of
Karlsruhe, State of Baden Württemberg) were merged into Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen and a
—3—
Dirk HR Spennemann
new coat of arms was required, the community of Leopoldshafen eschewed the incorporation
of its traditional coat of arms in favour of an atomic symbol to signify modernity and progress
(Anonymous, 2014). The atomic symbol on the blue background was inspired by an earlier
coat of arms which had been in use by the administrative district of Karlsruhe until 1973 (see
[1]).
—4—
Paraphernalia of the German Nuclear Industry I: Official Paraphernalia
Uniform Patches of Nuclear Plant Fire Services
Given the disproportional risks that a damaged nuclear power plant would pose to the public,
fire management in the plants was of great importance (Hosser & Schneider, 1982;
Liemersdorf & Wittmann, 1986; Valencia, 1987, 1988; Wiechers & Klepser, 1990; Wöhrle &
Boddenberg, 1997). Rather than rely on the communal fire department of the host
community, each plant had its own specialised fire service.
Not surprisingly, to signify their separate identity, the fire services of the various plants
had their own uniform patches, usually with the text ‘Werkfeuerwehr’ (plant fire service) or
‘Betriebsfeuerwehr’ (company fire service) and the full name or acronym of the nuclear power
plant (Figure 2). In addition, there are (and were) likewise specialised fire services for nuclear
research centres (Figure 4) and for the facility for the long-term storage of nuclear waste at
Gorleben (Figure 3).
So far there appears to be no formal discussion, evaluation or official collection of these
patches; many of them, however, are documented in a more or less ephemeral fashion on the
world-wide web as they are avidly collected by fire department aficionados (e.g. Blos, 2014;
Freiwillige Feuerwehr Herrsching, 2014; Gehrung, 2014; Görtz, 2014; Gronkowski, 2014;
Hermann, 2014; Krone, 2014; Pfaffelhuber, 2014; Schnepp, 2014). These sites have been
extensively drawn on for the compilation presented in this study (Figure 2, arranged by power
plant code).
From the available evidence, the patches appear to have changed over time, becoming
more elaborate and multi-coloured. The majority of these alterations in appearance reflect
adjustments in the administrative structure of the facilities (e.g. naming changes for KKI Isar,
KWB Biblis, KMK Mülheim-Kärlich) or changes in the ownership (e.g. KBR Brokdorf). In
addition to the modifications of design, there are further variations in terms of production,
due to sourcing such patches from different manufacturers (e.g. Figure 9).
Since the facility protection service for a nuclear power plant is commonly outsourced
to commercial operators, the security detail tends to wear that company’s patches rather than
patches that are specifically made for the site. Exceptions, however, seem to exist (Figure 7).
With the exception of the arm patch for the KRB Gundremmingen, which uses the coat
of arms of the town, which in turn includes the atomic model (Dirk H.R Spennemann, 2014),
the arm patches for the plant fire services were designed with customised logos. The
symbolism used in these arm patches ranges from two-dimensional representation of Bohr’s
atomic model to visual representations of the buildings of the nuclear power plants. Bohr’s
atomic model is commonly expressed in two-dimensional form as a nucleus surrounded by
three elliptical electron paths. On the badges these paths are usually depicted without
electrons (e.g. KGR Greifswald, KKI Isar, KWW Würgassen) but occasionally also with the
representation of electrons (e.g. KWB Biblis; SBK Kalkar). The nucleus is occasionally
omitted (e.g. KKB Brunsbüttel). An exception to the three electron paths pattern is the arm
patch for KKS Stade which shows only a single electron path with an electron. The visual
representation of the buildings of the nuclear power plant (e.g. KKI Isar, KKK Krümmel,
KKP Philippsburg, KKU Unterweser, KWO Obrigheim) is also common, as are
combinations of electron path and buildings (e.g. GKN Neckarwestheim, KWW Würgassen).
Where a time series of multiple patches is on record (e.g. KKI Isar, KWB Biblis) there
appears to be a progression from plain patches to those with the atomic model, followed by
those with a visual representation of the buildings.
—5—Dirk HR Spennemann
KWB Biblis KWB Biblis KWB Biblis
KWB Biblis KWB Biblis KBR Brokdorf
KBR Brokdorf KKB Brunsbüttel KKE Emsland
KKG Grafenrheinfeld KGR Greifswald KWG Grohnde
Figure 2. Examples of uniform patches of fire services of nuclear power plant .
—6—Paraphernalia of the German Nuclear Industry I: Official Paraphernalia
KGG Gundremmingen KGG Gundremmingen KKI Isar
KKI 1 Isar 1 KKI 1 Isar 1 KKI 1 Isar 1
KKI 2 Isar 2 SBK Kalkar KKK Krümmel
Kraftwerke Lingen Kraftwerke Lingen Kraftwerke Lingen
Figure 2 (ct’d) Examples of uniform patches of fire services of nuclear power plant
—7—Dirk HR Spennemann
KKU Unterweser KMK Mülheim-Kärlich KMK Mülheim-Kärlich
KMK Mülheim-Kärlich KMK Mülheim-Kärlich KMK Mülheim-Kärlich
KMK Mülheim-Kärlich KMK Mülheim-Kärlich KMK Mülheim-Kärlich
GKN Neckarwestheim GKN
GKNNeckarwestheim
Neckarwestheim GKN Neckarwestheim
Figure 2 (ct’d) Examples of uniform patches of fire services of nuclear power plant
—8—Paraphernalia of the German Nuclear Industry I: Official Paraphernalia
GKN Neckarwestheim KWO Obrigheim KWO Obrigheim
KWO Obrigheim KWO Obrigheim KKP Philippsburg
KKP Philippsburg KKS Stade KKU Unterweser
GKW Gemeinschaftskraftwerk KWW Würgassen
Weser
Figure 2 (ct’d) Examples of uniform patches of fire services of nuclear power plant.
—9—Dirk HR Spennemann
Brennelementlager Gorleben Gesellschaft für Nuklear-Service Siemens Hanau
Figure 3. Examples of patches of fire services of the nuclear power industry
Kernforschungsanlage Jülich Kernforschungszentrum Jülich
Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe
Figure 4. Examples of uniform patches of fire services of nuclear research centres
— 10 —Paraphernalia of the German Nuclear Industry I: Official Paraphernalia
Gesellschaft für Nuklear-Service
Figure 5. Examples of other paraphernalia of fire services of the nuclear power industry.
KKP Philippsburg KKI Isar KKL Leibstadt
Figure 6. Example of a uniform patch of Figure 7. Example of a uniform patch of Figure 8. Example of a uniform patch of
the medical services of the nuclear power the protection services of the nuclear power the fire services of the nuclear power
industry industry industry in Switzerland
— 11 —Dirk HR Spennemann
Figure 9. Examples of production variants (batches) of uniform patches
— 12 —Paraphernalia of the German Nuclear Industry I: Official Paraphernalia
Commemorative Medals
Background
It is a widespread practice by governments and major organisations to strike medals in
precious or semiprecious metals in order to commemorate significant events. These
commemorative medals fall into two categories: medals struck to formally reward participants,
and medals that commemorate a significant public event. The former are of limited issue and,
depending on the occasion, of very high symbolic value. The latter are mass-produced
symbolic expressions of political will and power; they might be read as a civilian extension of
the military reward system when campaign medals were issued for ‘merely being there’ (see for
ex. Richardson, 2009 for the proliferation of campaign medals during World War I).
Medals of the German Democratic Republic
The former German Democratic Republic (Deutsche Demokratische Republik, DDR) was a
particularly prolific issuing body of medals, not only a very large number of commemorative
medals (Grund, 1990; Höhne, 2011; Huschka, 2014; Junghänel, 2013b; Mitteldeutscher
Rundfunk, 2011) and commemorative coins (the latter as currency) (Steguweit, Bannicke, &
Schön, 2000), but also a plethora of awards and reward pins and tokens (Junghänel, 2013a).
It is thus not surprising that some medals were struck by the DDR authorities to
commemorate major events of the nuclear industry, commonly the commissioning of nuclear
power plants. This is the case for the completion of KKW Rheinsberg in 1966 [6] as well as of
the completion of the various stages of the Kernkraftwerk Nord array at Lubmin / Greifswald
[7][8][9]. In addition, there was a medal ‘struck’ in porcelain as a recognition for contributions
to the construction of KKW Nord [10]. The construction site of the nuclear power plant at
Stendal was likewise honoured [11],[12].
The uranium mining and processing conglomerate SDAG Wismut, which produced
most of the uranium for the Eastern Bloc nuclear power plants, stands out by the large
number of medals produced for it. As a joint DDR–USSR stock company (Sowjetisch-
Deutsche Aktiengesellschaft, SDAG) SDAG Wismut was of national importance to the DDR
(Beyer, Kaden, Raasch , & Schuppan, 1995; Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und
Technologie, 2011; Engeln, 2001; Karlsch, 1996) and served as a showcase for bilateral co-
operation. In consequence, a large number of commemorative and reward medals were issued,
in non-precious metals [18]–[24], aluminium [25]–[27], ceramics [28] and in porcelain [29]–
[33], the latter sourced from the famed Meissen manufactory (Freundeskreis keramischer
Münzen und Medaillen, 2006).
At the time of writing, the total number of copies struck for each of the medals issued
by the DDR is unknown, as are their designers (as the original files appear to be lost:
Huschka, 2014).
Medals of the Federal Repubilc of Germany
By comparison, far fewer medals relating to nuclear power production were struck in former
western Germany (‘Bundesrepublik Deutschland’) (Münzgalerie München, 2013) even though
there were many more nuclear power plants in operation in the Bundesrepublik (24 vs 2). The
underlying reason may well be that the West German medals were produced as private
ventures by the individual power plant operators, rather than by a national entity. On record
are medals that commemorate the commissioning of KKW Krümmel (KKK) [14], the 10th
anniversary of KKW Stade (KKS) [13] and the 25th anniversary of KKW Obrigheim (KWO)
[15]. Intriguingly, the latter medal carries a date of 1985, even though the 25th anniversary was
not until 1993 (Pickel, 1996). In addition, a medal was struck to commemorate the connection
— 13 —Dirk HR Spennemann
of shafts 1 and 2 of the salt mine at Gorleben, which was considered as the site of Germany’s
permanent storage of high-level nuclear waste [17].
Catalogue—Nuclear Power Plants
[6] Anerkennungsmedaille Rheinsberg
1966
Recto: VEB Atomkraftwerk
Verso: In Anerkennung für Ihre
Mitarbeit beim Aufbau des 1.
Atomkraftwerkes der DDR
Rheinsberg 9. 5. 1966
Issued by: VEB Atomkraftwerk (DDR)
Issue Date: 9. 5. 1966
Material: Cupro-Nickel
Diameter: 59mm
Weight: 60g
Designer: n/a
Struck by: VEB Präwema
Markneukirchen
Edition: n/a
[7] Inbetriebnahme KKW Nord I Block I
Recto: Ein Werk Deutsch-
Sovietischer Freundschaft.
Kernkraftwerk Nord
Verso: Inbetriebnahme KKW Nord I
Block I Dezember 1973
Issued by: VEB Atomkraftwerk Nord
Issue Date: December 1973
Material: Cupro-Nickel
Diameter: 40mm
Weight: 25g
Designer: n/a
Struck by: VEB Münze Berlin
Edition: n/a
— 14 —Paraphernalia of the German Nuclear Industry I: Official Paraphernalia
[8] Inbetriebnahme KKW Nord II Block 4
Recto: Ein Werk Deutsch-
Sovietischer Freundschaft.
Kernkraftwerk Nord
Verso:: 30. Jahrestag der DDR.
Inbetriebnahme KKW Nord
II Block 4
Issued by: VE Kombinat Kernkraftwerke
"Bruno Leuschner"
Issue Date: October 1979
Material: Steel
Diameter: 40mm
Weight: 28g
Designer: n/a
Struck by: VEB Münze Berlin
Edition: n/a
[9] Aufnahme Dauerbetrieb Block 5
Recto: KKW Nord
Verso: 40 Jahre DDR. Aufnahme
Dauerbetrieb Block 5
Issued by: VE Kombinat Kernkraftwerke
"Bruno Leuschner"
Issue Date: October 1989
Material: Nickel-plated Steel
Diameter: 35mm
Weight: 23g
Designer: n/a
Struck by: VEB Walzwerk Hettstedt
Edition: n/a
[10] Anerkennungsmedaille KKW Nord
Recto: Zentrales Jugendobjekt
Verso: Für hervorragende Leistungen
übbreicht durch den
Zentralrat der FDJ
Issued by: Zentralrat der FDJ"
Issue Date: n/a
Material: Porcellain
Diameter: 79mm
Weight: 72g
Designer: n/a
Struck by: Meissen Porzellanmanufaktur
Edition: n/a
— 15 —Dirk HR Spennemann
[11] Grossbaustelle Kernkraftwerk
Stendal
Recto: Grossbaustelle Kernkraftwerk
Stendal
Verso: 64 Jahre Roter Oktober.
Baubeginn an den
Hauptanlagen
Issued by: VEB KKW Stendal
Issue Date: 1981
Material: Cupro-Nickel-Zinc
Diameter: 35mm
Weight: 23g
Designer: n/a
Struck by: VEB Walzwerk Hettstedt
Edition: n/a
[12] Anerkennungsmedaille Stendal
Recto: In Würdigung Ihrer
Leistungen und zur
Erinnerung
Verso: Betriebsgewerkschaftsleitung
VEB KKW Stendal
Issued by: VEB KKW Stendal
Issue Date: ?
Material: Nickel-plated Steel
Diameter: 35mm
Weight: 23g
Designer: n/a
Struck by: VEB Walzwerk Hettstedt
Edition: n/a
[13] 10 Jahre Kernkraftwerk Stade
Recto: 10 Jahre Kernkraftwerk Stade
2 Juli 1982
Verso: [Image of Atom with three
electrons]
Issued by: Kernkraftwerk Stade GmbH
Issue Date: July 1982
Material: Cupro-Nickel
Diameter: 45mm
Weight: 55g
Designer: n/a
Struck by: n/a
Edition: n/a
— 16 —Paraphernalia of the German Nuclear Industry I: Official Paraphernalia
[14] Commissioning of Kernkraftwerk
Krümmel
Recto: Kernkraftwerk Krümmel 1984
Verso: Strom für Norddeutschland
Issued by: Kernkraftwerk Krümmel
GmbH ¶
Issue Date: March 1984
Material: Silver
Diameter: 38mm
Weight: 30g
Designer: n/a
Struck by: n/a
Edition: n/a
[15] 25 Jahre Kernkraftwerk Obrigheim
Recto: Kernkraftwerk Obrigheim 25
Jahre
Verso: Obrigheim 1985
Issued by: Kernkraftwerk Obrigheim
GmbH
Issue Date: September 1993
Material: Silver
Diameter: 35mm
Weight: 19g
Designer: n/a
Struck by: n/a
Edition: n/a
[16] 40 Jahre Rheinische Elektrizitäts AG
Recto: 40 Jahre Rheinische
Elektrizitäts AG 1927–1967
Verso: Kernkraftwerk Würgassen
Issued by: Kernkraftwerk Obrigheim
GmbH
Issue Date: 1967
Material: Cupro-Nickel
Diameter: 35mm
Weight: n/a
Designer: n/a
Struck by: n/a
Edition: n/a
— 17 —Dirk HR Spennemann
Catalogue—Nuclear Waste Disposal
[17] Erkundigung des Salzstockes
Gorleben
Recto: Durchschlag zwischen
Schacht 1 und Schacht 2
Oktober 1996
Verso: Bergwekz zur Erkundigung
des Salzstockes Gorleben .
Deutsche Gesellschaft zum
Bau und Betrieb von
Endagern für Abfallstoffe
mbH (DBE)
Issued by: Deutsche Gesellschaft zum
Bau und Betrieb von
Endagern für Abfallstoffe
Issue Date: October 1996
Material: silver
Diameter: 40mm
Weight: 25g
Designer: n/a
Struck by: n/a
Edition: n/a
Catalogue—Uranium Mines
[18] Tagebau Lichtenberg
Recto: Medaille SDAG Wismut,
Tagebau Lichtenberg
Verso: Träger des Vaterländischen
Verdienstordens in Silber
Ehrenadel der DSF in Gold
Issued by: SDAG Wismut
Issue Date:
Material: Cupro-Nickel ?
Diameter: 49mm
Weight:
Designer: n/a
Struck by: VEB Walzwerk Hettstedt
Edition: n/a
— 18 —Paraphernalia of the German Nuclear Industry I: Official Paraphernalia
[19] Anerkennungsmedaille Aue
Recto: Betrieb für
Bergbauausrüstungen Aue
SDAG Wismut
Verso: Im Sozialistischen Wettbewerb
Bester seines Berufes
Issued by: SDAG Wismut
Issue Date:
Material: Nickel-plated Steel
Diameter: 49mm
Weight:
Designer: n/a
Struck by: VEB Walzwerk Hettstedt
Edition: n/a
[20] 25 Jahre Bau- und Montagebetrieb
Recto: SDAG Wismut 25 Jahre Bau-
und Montagebetrieb
Verso: SDAG Wismut Bau- und
Montagebetrieb
Issued by: SDAG Wismut
Issue Date:
Material: Nickel-plated Steel
Diameter: 35 mm
Weight:
Designer: n/a
Struck by: VEB Walzwerk Hettstedt
Edition: n/a
[21] Bergbaubetrieb Schmirchau
Recto: SDAG Wismut Bergbaubetrieb
Schmirchau
Verso: Glück Auf
Issued by: SDAG Wismut
Issue Date:
Material: Nickel-plated Steel
Diameter: 35mm
Weight: 23g
Designer: n/a
Struck by: VEB Walzwerk Hettstedt
Edition: n/a
— 19 —Dirk HR Spennemann
[22] Aufbereitungsbetrieb 102
Recto: SDAG Wismut
Aufbereitungsbetrieb 102
Verso: [flags of GDR and USSR and
nuclear paraphernalia]
Issued by: SDAG Wismut
Issue Date:
Material: Nickel-plated Steel
Diameter: 35mm
Weight: 23g
Designer: n/a
Struck by: VEB Walzwerk Hettstedt
Edition: n/a
[23] Objektverwaltung "Wismut"
Recto: Objektverwaltung "Wismut"
Karl-Marx-Stadt
Verso: XXX Ministerium für
Staatssicherheit
Issued by: Ministerium für
Staatssicherheit
Issue Date: 1979
Material: Nickel-plated Steel
Diameter: 35mm
Weight: 23g
Designer: n/a
Struck by: VEB Walzwerk Hettstedt
Edition: n/a
[24] SDAG Wismut Für aktive Mitarbeit
Recto: SDAG Wismut Für aktive
Mitarbeit
Verso: Zivilverteidigung
Issued by: SDAG Wismut
Issue Date:
Material: Nickel-plated Steel
Diameter: 35mm
Weight: 23g
Designer: n/a
Struck by: VEB Walzwerk Hettstedt
Edition: n/a
— 20 —Paraphernalia of the German Nuclear Industry I: Official Paraphernalia
[25] XIII. Rallye Wismut DDR
Meisterschaftslauf
Recto: XIII. Rallye Wismut DDR
Meisterschaftslauf 25. / 26. 9.
1976
MCWK ADMV Allgemeiner
Deutscher Motorsport
Verband
Verso: 30 Jahre SDAG Wismut 1946–
1976
Issued by: MCWK
Issue Date: 25 September 1976
Material: Aluminium
Diameter: 55mm
Weight:
Designer: n/a
Struck by: VEB Prägewerk
Markneukirchen
Edition: n/a
[26] 3. Motorsport Meisterschaft SDAG
Wismut
Recto: 8. Meisterschaft SDAG
Wismut in Motorsport
Verso: 30 Jahre SDAG Wismut 1946–
1976
Issued by: MCWK
Issue Date: 1976
Material: Aluminium, copper coloured
Diameter: 55mm
Weight:
Designer: n/a
Struck by: VEB Prägewerk
Markneukirchen
Edition: n/a
— 21 —Dirk HR Spennemann
[27] 11. Rallye der Freundschaft
Recto: 11. Rallye der Freundschaft 8
Mai 1976
Verso: 30 Jahre SDAG Wismut 1946–
1976
Issued by: MCWK
Issue Date: 8 Mai 1976
Material: Aluminium, blue
Diameter: 55mm
Weight:
Designer: n/a
Struck by: VEB Prägewerk
Markneukirchen
Edition: n/a
[28] Bau– und Montagebetrieb
Recto: Bau– und Montagebetrieb
SDAG Wismut
Verso: [blank]
Issued by: SDAG Wismut
Issue Date:
Material: Glazed pottery
Diameter: 90mm
Weight:
Designer:
Made by:
Edition:
[29] Anerkennungsmedaille SDAG
Wismut Aue
Recto: [coat of arms SDAG Wismut]
Verso: Für langjährige Mitabeit
Issued by: SDAG Wismut
Issue Date:
Material: White Porcellain, unglazed
Diameter: 95mm
Weight: 227g ¶
Designer: n/a
Made by: Meissen Porzellanmanufaktur
Edition: n/a
— 22 —Paraphernalia of the German Nuclear Industry I: Official Paraphernalia
[30] Anerkennungsmedaille SDAG
Wismut Aue
Recto: [coat of arms SDAG Wismut]
Verso: Für langjährige Mitabeit
Issued by: SDAG Wismut
Issue Date:
Material: Brown Porcellain, unglazed
(‘Böttgersteinzeug’)
Diameter: 98mm
Weight: 227g ¶
Designer: n/a
Made by: Meissen Porzellanmanufaktur
Edition: n/a
[31] Erinnerungsmedaille SDAG Wismut
Recto: [coat of arms SDAG Wismut]
Betrieb der Sozialistischen
Arbeit
Verso: Glück Auf !
Issued by: SDAG Wismut
Issue Date:
Material: White Porcellain, unglazed
Diameter: 130mm
Weight: ca. 430g
Designer: n/a
Made by: Meissen Porzellanmanufaktur
Edition: n/a
[32] Erinnerungsmedaille SDAG Wismut
Recto: SDAG- Wismut BB-
Lichtenberg
Verso: Manufacturer’s mark
Issued by: SDAG Wismut
Issue Date:
Material: White and blue Porcellain,
glazed
Diameter: 65 mm
Weight: 28 g
Designer: n/a
Made by: Weimler Porzellan, Weimar
Edition: n/a
— 23 —Dirk HR Spennemann
[33] Deutsch-Sowietische Freundschaft
Recto: Bergbaubetrieb Deutsch-
Sowietische Freundschaft
Verso: SDAG Wismut - Freundschaft
in Aktion
Issued by: SDAG Wismut
Issue Date:
Material: White Porcellain, unglazed
Diameter: 100mm
Weight: 313g ¶
Designer: n/a
Made by: Meissen Porzellanmanufaktur
Edition: n/a
[34] KKW Greifswald
Recto: KKW Greifswald
Verso: blank
Issued by: BSG Greifswald
Issue Date:
Material: Painted clay, unglazed
Diameter: 120mm
Weight: n/a¶
Designer: n/a
Made by: n/a
Edition: n/a
— 24 —Paraphernalia of the German Nuclear Industry I: Official Paraphernalia
Catalogue—Medals other than Germany
Also included here is a medal struck to commemorate the commissioning of KKW Beznau
(KKB), Switzerland’s first nuclear power plant [35] It would appear that no medals were
struck to commemorate nuclear power in Austria, which is not surprising given that that
nation’s only nuclear power plant, AKW Zwentendorf, was never commissioned.
[35] Einweihung KKW Beznau 1970
Recto: Erstes Atomkraftwerk in
der Schweiz. Einweihung
Beznau 12 May 1970
Verso: [Image of Atom with eight
electrons]
Issued by: Nordostschweizerische Kra
ftwerke AG
Issue Date: May 1970
Material: silver
Diameter: 33 mm
Weight: 32 g
Designer: n/a
Struck by: n/a
Edition: 2000? (numbered)
— 25 —Dirk HR Spennemann
Activity Medals
During the early 1970s and early 1970 communities in several European countries, including
the then West Germany, hosted ‘Volksmarching’ events (German: ‘Volksmarsch,’
‘Volkswanderung’), a form of non-competitive medium (5km) to long distance events (10 km,
20 km). In a similar vein, motor sports clubs organised a rally, where participants would
converge on a target location (‘Zielfahrt’). Upon completion, participants would commonly be
issued with a certificate of participation, or an activity medal. As these events were hosted by a
community, that community had the final decision over the design. In many cases, the designs
were chosen from options offered my medal manufacturers. On record are four activity
medals with nuclear power plant motifs (Table 1).
Table 1. Volksmarching and Rally events issuing activity medal with nuclear power plant motifs
Event Year issuing community nuclear power plant
1st Int. Volkswanderung 1971 Niederaichbach Niederaichbach
2nd Int. Volksmarsch 1971 Aislingen Gundremmingen
6th Int. Zielfahrt 1972 MSO Beverungen Würgassen
6th Int. Volkswanderung 1977 Geldersheim Grafenrheinfeld
KKW Gundremmingen KKW Niederaichbach KKW Grafenrheinfeld
Figure 10. Details of activity medals with nuclear power plant motifs
KKW Würgassen
Figure 11. Details of activity medals with nuclear power plant motifs
— 26 —Paraphernalia of the German Nuclear Industry I: Official Paraphernalia
[36] Volkswanderung 1971
Recto: 1. Int. Volkswanderung
1971 Niederaichbach
Verso: blank
Issued by: Wanderclub Aislingen
Issue Date: 1971
Material: Metal, fabric
Size: 110 mm total, medal 35 x
60 mm
Weight: 30 g
Designer: n/a
Struck by: n/a
Edition: unspecified
[37] Volksmarsch 1971
Recto: Aislingen, 2. Int.
Volksmarsh 1971
Verso: blank
Issued by: Wanderclub Aislingen
Issue Date: 1971
Material: Metal on leather
Size: 75 x 75 mm
Weight: 52 g
Designer: n/a
Struck by: n/a
Edition: unspecified
[38] Volkswanderung 1977
Recto: Wanderclub Geldersheim,
6. Int. Volkswanderung
1977
Verso: on fob: Heinrich Kissing
575 Menden
Issued by: Wanderclub Geldersheim
Issue Date: 1977
Material: Metal, fabric
Size: 120 mm total, medal Ø
65 mm
Weight: 57.6 g
Designer: n/a
Struck by: Heinrich Kissing
Edition: unspecified
— 27 —Dirk HR Spennemann
[39] Zielfahrt 1972
Recto: 6. Int. Zielfahrt 1972 MSC
Beverungen
Verso: n/a
Issued by: MSC Beverungen
Issue Date: 1972
Material: Metal
Size: n/a
Weight: n/a
Designer: n/a
Struck by: n/a
Edition: unspecified
— 28 —Paraphernalia of the German Nuclear Industry I: Official Paraphernalia
Machine Franking Stamps
Machine franking allows companies to use postage meter machines which imprint a specified
amount of postage (which functions in lieu of an adhesive postage stamp), a cancellation and a
dated postmark all in one process. These machines allow the company to add a company
identifier in the form of a logo or a slogan. This not only customises the imprint but also
functions as an official mode of advertising. As postal cancellation is location-specific,
companies using machine franking will typically have a postage meter machine in each of their
mail rooms.
As the volume of physical mail is decreasing due to the ubiquitous use of e-mail, these
franking stamps are becoming increasingly uncommon. Moreover, even though formal
collectors guides and catalogues exist (e.g. Ashby, 2021), they are not widely collected and thus
only rarely appear in the listings of online auction houses.
Figure 12. Example of a Machine Franking Stamp type RB3.1. Ascom Hasler
“Mailmaster” used by KKW Obrigheim December 2002.
Figure 13. Example of a Machine Franking Stamp type RB1.3. Postalia
“D2/D3”used by KKW Gundremmingen December 2005.
— 29 —Dirk HR Spennemann
Acknowledgements
I am indebted to Henning Huschka (St. Valentin) for background on and illustrations of two
of the medals [11][12].
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