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NEW HORIZONS in the ORTHODOX PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
8 Questioning Self-Definition
AUG – SEP T 2021
22 Review: Nichols’s
// by George C. Hammond R. C. Sproul // by
David M. Sarafolean
God’s Faithfulness in Affliction
by DANNY E. OLINGER // 3
Report on the 87th General Assembly
VOLUME 42, NUMBER 7
CON T E N T S New Horizons
in the Orthodox Presbyterian Church
Editor: Danny E. Olinger
F E AT U R E S Managing Editor: Judith M. Dinsmore
Editorial Assistant: Diane L. Olinger
Proofreader: Sarah Pederson
3 God’s Faithfulness in Affliction Cover Designer: Christopher Tobias
By Danny E. Olinger Editorial Board: The Committee on Christian
Education’s Subcommittee on Serial Publications
8 Questioning Self-Definition
© 2021 by The Committee on Christian Education of
By George C. Hammond The Orthodox Presbyterian Church. All rights reserved.
Unless otherwise indicated, all Scripture quotations are
16 Fraternal Address to the PCA from The ESV® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard
General Assembly Version®), copyright © 2001 by Crossway, a publishing
ministry of Good News Publishers. Used by permission.
By Chad B. Van Dixhoorn All rights reserved. (We use the 2011 revision.)
Articles previously published may be slightly edited.
New Horizons (ISSN: 0199-3518) is published
DEPART MENTS monthly except for a combined issue, usually August-
September, by the Committee on Christian Education
of the Orthodox Presbyterian Church, 607 N. Easton
10 Foreign Missions Road, Bldg. E, Willow Grove, PA 19090-2539; tel. 215-
830-0900; fax 215-830-0350.
Health Research in Karamoja
Letters to the editor are welcome. They should deal
with an issue the magazine has recently addressed.
12 Christian Education Their language should be temperate, and they may not
God’s Provision to the GCP • charge anyone with an offense. They should be brief,
and they may be condensed by the editor.
Favorite Psalms and Hymns Send inquiries, letters to the editor, and other corres-
pondence to the editor at danny.olinger@opc.org.
14 Home Missions Send address changes to ccesecretary@opc.org. Allow
Alienation and the Household of Faith six weeks for address changes.
The digital edition (PDF, ePub, mobi) and an archive of
17 Prayer Calendar previous issues are available at www.opc.org.
Views expressed by our writers are not necessarily
19 Diaconal Ministries those of the editors or official positions of the
Orthodox Presbyterian Church.
“Most Encouraging Zoom Call of COVID”? Copies are distributed free to members and friends
of the Orthodox Presbyterian Church. Nonmembers
20 News, Views, & Reviews are asked to donate $20.00 for an annual subscription
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In June, the Presbytery of Ohio resumed its annual
summer camp, this year at Slippery Rock Baptist Camp
in Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania. Attendance broke all
previous records with 144 campers ranging from ages
9–19. Both junior and senior camps studied the minor
prophets and learned about OP foreign missions. Then,
they teamed up for sports, memory competitions, and
other activities. Pictured here are junior campers working
to score some points by fetching “big chewy” back
across their team’s line.
2 / NEW HORIZONS / AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2021
GOD’S FAITHFULNESS IN
AFFLICTION
DANNY E. OLINGER // The theme that permeated the Eighty-
Seventh General Assembly—the faithfulness of God in affliction—
was put forth at the opening worship service with the sermon of
Claude Taylor, pastor at New Hope Presbyterian in Bridgeton,
New Jersey. In his first words, Mr. Taylor told those gathered how
he came to have this great privilege. He Remembering David Haney church. When the opportunity arose for
was standing in the place of his long- Mr. Haney to leave a successful career to
Before the election of the new mod-
time friend and New Hope Church work for the Committee on Coordina-
erator, Danny Olinger and David Na-
ruling elder David Haney, moderator tion, he gladly accepted it. Mr. Nakhla
khla presented a pictorial remembrance
of the Eighty-Sixth General Assembly, spoke about Mr. Haney’s pivotal role in
to the praise of God for Mr. Haney’s
who had died and gone to be with the mercy ministries, including OPC di-
thirty years of service in the Orthodox
Lord. Mr. Taylor preached on 2 Corin- saster relief. When Hurricane Katrina
Presbyterian Church. Mr. Olinger re-
thians 4:7: “But we have this treasure in struck in 2005, Mr.
marked that sixty-four
jars of clay, to show that the surpassing Haney not only or-
years earlier, a young
power belongs to God and not to us.” ganized the OPC’s
Orthodox Presbyte-
In the week that followed, testimo- response but also par-
rian from Bridgeton,
ny abounded from pastors, ruling elders, ticipated in some way
Mr. Haney’s father,
and committee representatives of God’s with eleven different
George, had traveled
goodness during the pandemic. When teams in Mississippi
to Iowa to serve as pas-
the commissioners gathered for worship and Louisiana. He
tor of First OPC of
on the Lord’s Day, David VanDrunen also witnessed to Mr.
Waterloo, Iowa. There
preached from Psalm 119:65–80 on Haney’s love for his
George Haney met and
God’s goodness and faithfulness in af- wife, Becky, his chil-
married Grace Vanden David Haney moderating the
fliction. Then, in the evening worship dren, Lauren, Shelly,
Bosch, the younger sis- Eighty-Sixth General Assembly
service that same Lord’s Day, Bruce and Scott, and his
ter of the local Chris-
Hollister told those gathered that, in the grandchildren.
tian Reformed pastor.
providence of God, he had prepared a After the presentation finished, act-
What a blessing it was for George and
sermon on 2 Corinthians 4, the same ing moderator John Van Meerbeke ad-
Grace to see the covenant faithfulness of
text as Mr. Taylor. Mr. Hollister rejoiced dressed Becky and her family via Zoom
God as David grew into a young man
that the message of life out of death on behalf of the assembly and assured
who wanted to serve Christ and his
once more would be proclaimed. her of the prayers of the commissioners.
NEW HORIZONS / AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2021 / 3
A Representative Body and the previous assembly. Sometimes new Providence, West Lebanon, NH; Em-
Moderator commissioners can get up to speed on manuel, Colville, WA; Firelands Grace
why an assembly is at a particular point OPC, Sandusky, OH; Wolf River, Col-
Since 1975, the OPC has operated
in its consideration of a matter. Other lierville, TN; and, Providence, Cum-
with a representative assembly that is
times it is a struggle. ming, GA.
capped at one hundred and fifty min-
That is why it is always important Largely due to COVID-19 re-
isters and ruling elders. Each of the
to elect a moderator who can help the strictions, both morning worship at-
sixteen presbyteries can send a certain
assembly move steadily through its tendance (-21.6 percent) and Sunday
percentage of its presbyters to the as-
business without sacrificing needed school attendance (-61.6) dropped dra-
sembly. The range this year varied from
deliberation for the sake of efficiency. matically. At the same time, however,
the Presbytery of the Midwest sending
The assembly elected such a man for total offerings increased 3.31 percent
eleven ministers and seven ruling el-
moderator in Zachary Keele, pastor of as members gave $67.6 million. Sev-
ders to the Presbytery of Connecticut
Escondido OPC in Escondido, Cali- enty-eight percent of the giving, $52.6
and Southern New York sending two
fornia. million, was spent on local church ex-
ministers and one ruling elder.
Mr. Keele’s calm demeanor and penses. Thirteen percent of the giving,
Around two-thirds of the com-
godly wisdom helped to guide the as- $8.9 million, was designated for benev-
missioners this year did not attend the
sembly through forty-three hours of olence offerings to missions, outreach,
business that included and diaconal ministry. Nine percent of
a record number of the giving, $6.1 million, was used for
complaints on appeal capital improvements.
(nine) and appeals in
Christian Education
judicial cases (four)
in the pursuit of the The first program committee to
peace, purity, and unity report was that of Christian Educa-
of the church. tion. General Secretary Danny Olinger
thanked the assembly for the prayers
OPC Membership that have poured out on his behalf dur-
Statistician Luke ing his recovery from COVID-19. Mr.
Moderator Zachary Keele, pastor of Escondido OPC Brown reported that Olinger announced that in 2020—de-
membership in the spite the pandemic—the CCE was
Orthodox Presbyterian able to co-sponsor thirty-one ministe-
Church grew during rial internships in which the commit-
2020 by 291 persons tee provided a record-high $344,436 to
to 31,809. This total local OP congregations.
membership consists of Special note was also made of
570 ministers, 23,304 the service of Mark Lowrey, interim
communicant mem- executive director of Great Commis-
bers, and 7,935 bap- sion Publications, in helping to keep
tized children (non- GCP afloat during a time when most
communicant). There churches did not hold Sunday school
Bruce Hollister, with Jim Cassidy and Al Tricarico
are 1,092 ruling elders classes.
and 930 deacons.
Home Missions
At year end, there
were 290 local churches Home Missions General Secretary
and 38 mission works. John Shaw praised God for his faith-
Eight congregations fulness during the recent pandemic.
were organized as new Mr. Shaw reported that the Lord—
and separate churches faithful, sovereign, and good to his
from mission works: church—provided abundantly during
The Haven OPC, Deer this period. Five new mission works be-
Park, NY; Christ Cov- gan receiving aid and four new regional
enant, Crystal Lake, home missionaries were added (Brad-
IL; Pleasant Moun- ley Peppo, Presbytery of Ohio; Bruce
Richard Ellis giving the Report of the Trustees tain, Bridgton, ME; Hollister, Presbytery of the Midwest;
4 / NEW HORIZONS / AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2021
David Chilton, Presbytery of the South; centered service to his Savior during gan, flood in spring 2020, which ruined
and Christopher Hartshorn, Presbytery his unprecedented fifty-two years of the homes of two OPC families. The
of Southern California). The commit- continuous service on the committee. video showed the efforts of over one
tee also announced the publication of Lord willing, the committee is seek- hundred OPC volunteers in rebuilding
its newest evangelistic tract, What Is ing to honor Mr. Gaffin at the Eighty- the homes, and the joyful appreciation
Truth? by Eric Watkins. Eighth (2022) General Assembly of the families.
scheduled to be held on the cam-
Foreign Missions pus of Eastern University in St.
Quoting J. Gresham Machen, Davids, Pennsylvania.
“The truly penitent man glories in the
Diaconal Ministries
supernatural, for he knows that noth-
ing natural would meet his need,” Gen- David Nakhla, administrator
eral Secretary Mark Bube stated that it of the Committee on Diaconal
is the goal of the Committee of For- Ministries, proclaimed that the
eign Missions to advance the cause of ministry of mercy at the local, re-
Christ’s kingdom by taking the Word gional, and national level is a tan-
of God to the nations. Currently, there gible expression of the gospel of
are seven active fields: Asia, East Af- Jesus Christ. During the world- Commissioners Shawn Ritenour, Jeremy Jones,
rica, Haiti, Uganda, Quebec, Uruguay, wide pandemic, deacons helped and David Nakhla deliberating at the assembly
and the Ukraine. Mr. Bube stated the sessions to implement measures
highest priorities for the upcoming of safety, to visit shut-ins, and
Ministerial Care
year are finding evangelists for Mbale to extend funds to needy families. In
and Karamoja, Uganda; Haiti; and 2020, donations totaling seventy-five Director of Ministerial Care John
Uruguay. He urged the commission- thousand dollars were given to the Fikkert shared that through phone,
ers to consider whether Christ’s Spirit COVID-19 Pandemic Response Fund. email, and Zoom, he had been able
might be inclining their hearts to con- The majority of the fund has been used during the pandemic to field inquiries
sider foreign missionary service. to help sister churches and ministries regarding the OPC 403(b) retirement
At the end of the report, it was an- around the world, including twenty plan, financial planning, counseling
nounced that Richard Gaffin Jr. would thousand dollars for Kenya and ten resources, and more. All ministers and
not be seeking reelection to the com- thousand dollars for Haiti. full-time employees of the OPC or its
mittee. Mr. Bube praised the Lord for A video was presented showing congregations are eligible for partici-
Mr. Gaffin’s calm, godly, and Christ- the response to the Midland, Michi- pation in the plan. Approximately 46
NEW HORIZONS / AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2021 / 5
percent of participants in the 403(b) ing with others during
plan are under the age of fifty-two. the pandemic. There
Gregory DeJong presented the are seven OPC chap-
challenges of finding a firm that could lains serving on active
provide financial planning assistance for duty: John Carter, Da-
ministers. Thankfully, a firm has been vid DeRienzo, Daniel
found, but the committee is first run- Halley, Joshua Jackson,
ning a pilot program with a few minis- Cornelius Johnson,
ters. If the pilot program goes well, the Stephen Roberts, and
committee plans to announce the firm Jeffrey Shamess. There
and make its services available at the are also eight men serv- Bow tie delegation: Jonathan Cruse, Jacob Cruse,
end of the year. ing in active reserves Mike Myers, Joel Ellis, Mark Bube, and Tony Curto
or National Guard and
Ecumenicity and Interchurch nine men serving as ci-
Relations vilian chaplains.
The assembly passed the recom-
Historian
mendation of the Committee on Ecu-
menicity and Interchurch Relations to After twenty-two years of distin-
propose to the International Confer- guished service as Acting Historian and
ence of Reformed Churches (ICRC) Historian, John Muether, ruling elder
that the Reformed Churches in the at Reformation OPC, Oviedo, Florida,
Netherlands (RCN) should be sus- retired. Under Mr. Muether’s leader-
pended from the ICRC. The RCN re- ship, such books as Confident of Better
cently acted to permit the ordination of Things: Essays Commemorating Seventy-
persons to the offices of minister and Five Years of the Orthodox Presbyterian
ruling elder contrary to Scripture. The Church (2011), Between the Times: The John Muether (left) with incoming
committee noted that the constitution- Orthodox Presbyterian Church in Tran- Historian Camden Bucey
al process that a proposal to suspend sition, 1945–1990 (2011), Choosing the
or terminate a member church of the Good Portion: Women of the Orthodox for the Historian and elected Camden
ICRC requires the initiation of another Presbyterian Church (2016), and For Bucey, minister from the Presbytery of
major assembly of a member church. Me to Live is Christ: The Life of Edward the Midwest, as Historian.
The assembly also sought to encourage J. Young (2017) were produced. Mr. The Committee for the Historian
the RCN to restore the doctrine and Muether also authored Cornelius Van also recognized the extraordinary ser-
practice of its church to be in agreement Til: Reformed Apologist and Churchman vice of commissioners Stephen Phil-
with the Holy Scriptures. (2008) and helped to oversee the Sev- lips, George Cottenden, and John Ma-
enty-Fifth Anniversary celebration of haffy. The assembly marked the fiftieth
Chaplains and Military Personnel the OPC in 2011. time that Mr. Phillips served as a com-
Chairman Richard Dickinson re- The assembly then followed the missioner, the forty-ninth time for Mr.
ported that many chaplains were disap- recommendation of the Committee Cottenden, and the thirty-sixth time
pointed that they were prohibited from for Mr. Mahaffy.
holding worship services and interact-
Updating the Language of
the Doctrinal Standards
The Eighty-Fifth (2018) Gen-
eral Assembly erected a Special
Committee on Updating the Lan-
guage of the Doctrinal Standards.
Chairman David Noe reported
that the committee had been at
work the last three years with the
understanding that the Eighty-
Ed Tress received an ovation Fifth General Assembly had au-
for his years of faithful ser- thorized the committee to “pro-
Chad Mullinix shares a laugh during a break vice on GA arrangements pose specific linguistic changes”
6 / NEW HORIZONS / AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2021
to the Westminster Standards. He stat- Presbytery of the Northwest that con- the state of Michigan. The Presbytery
ed that the committee’s understanding cerned whether a complaint may be of the Midwest will include the states
is that, when it submits its final report brought by one session against another of Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, and
at a future assembly with recommenda- session in another presbytery. The as- Nebraska.
tions, its purpose will be fulfilled. That sembly sustained the complaint, mean-
is, if a future assembly believes in light ing a session could bring
of the committee’s final report that such a complaint. Howev-
there are changes that are worthy of er, the assembly denied the
consideration, then that assembly will complaint on appeal by
establish a new committee. the same members of the
The committee shared a draft work Presbytery of the North-
of its suggested morphological (120), west regarding the ability
archaic (27), and other changes (23) to of ministerial advisors to
the Confession of Faith. The assembly vote in matters pertaining
approved the committee’s request that to an appeal of complaints
it be continued with the same mandate against the session they are
for another two years with the goal of advising.
bringing its final report to the Eighty- The assembly also sus- George Cottenden (speaking), Stephen Phillips,
and John Mahaffy were recognized for their
Ninth General Assembly. tained a complaint against
many years of service as commissioners
the Presbytery of the
Judicial Appeals Southeast where a minis-
The two-year gap between assem- ter was permitted to defend himself in a
Day of Prayer and Fasting
blies because of the pandemic helped judicial trial by using language that the
to create an unprecedented number presbytery had previously determined As the assembly was nearing its
of matters, thirteen, to be adjudicated. to be an offense. The assembly passed close, it called for a day of prayer and
Two advisory committees on Appeals amends that the presbytery acknowl- fasting on Saturday, August 21, 2021,
and Complaints were created and an edge its error in allowing the minister to “that the whole church may pray as one
extra day was added to the docket of use reviling language and to communi- people, and call upon the Lord with
this assembly so that all the appeals cate this to OPC members Aimee Byrd one voice, that we might lament our
could be heard. and Rachel Miller so as to preserve their distress and unworthiness before the
During the question-and-answer good names. Lord, confess our sin, and commit our-
period of one appeal, a collie entered selves anew to the faithful service of the
A New Presbytery
the doors and approached a speaker. Lord our God; that we humbly implore
As individuals sought to herd the dog The assembly adopted the overture God to send seasons of refreshment,
out, the moderator commented that of the Presbytery of the Midwest to di- pour His Spirit of wisdom upon us,
their efforts were appropriate because vide the presbytery into two separate re- and draw multitudes to the hope of the
“it didn’t have the privilege of the floor.” gional churches. The new Presbytery of gospel by granting faith and repentance
Of particular presbyterian polity Wisconsin and Minnesota will include unto life.”
interest, the assembly heard a complaint the geographical region within those
on appeal from some members of the two states and the upper peninsula of The author is editor of New Horizons.
NEW HORIZONS / AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2021 / 7
QUESTIONING SELF-
DEFINITION
GEORGE C. HAMMOND // Is there any “givenness” to one’s
identity? Or is it malleable, not subject to physical, genetic, or
biological realities? Must we be defined by others, or an Other? Or
can we choose our own identity, defining ourselves according to our
feelings and desires?
In 2015, the national news media woman. But is not choosing one’s own our lives, we have not made ourselves
drew our attention to a controversy sexual identity problematic in the same beholden to the “givenness” of things.
surrounding Rachel Dolezal. Dolezal way? May one define, without reference We have made remarkably success-
had defined herself as, and was living to biological realities, with whom one ful efforts at overcoming, for example,
as, someone who was black. A gradu- is sexually compatible? And at what the givenness of disease in the world.
ate of Howard University, she was age? Must one reach sexual maturity to Nor have we made ourselves beholden
professor of African studies at Eastern make that decision, or can a biological to the givenness that our bodies will
Washington University and president male decide to be a girl at eight years not allow us to fly. We have figured out
of the Spokane, Washington, chapter of age? ways to soar de-
of the NAACP. But she had in fact It is unclear, from a non-Christian spite our bodies.
been born to white parents. When that perspective, who has the authority to These conquests
became public, much of the condem- answer such questions. When a prepu- of the givenness of
nation of Dolezal stemmed from her bescent child identifies as other than his nature have been
dishonesty—her deception had been or her biological gender, we are told that beneficial. But for
the basis for the positions she held. But the individual must answer that ques- all the benefits of
there was also outrage that someone tion. But in the context of the Dolezal overcoming natu-
who was white had self-identified as a controversy, we were told that it is not ral realities and
black woman. Some secular media out- the individual who makes the choice. limitations, Lewis
lets truly wrestled with the tension of raises concern
Lewis and the “Givenness” of
affirming her freedom to choose while about the idea of overcoming ourselves,
Things
also condemning her for this particular overcoming the givenness of our own
choice. In 1944, C. S. Lewis wrote a short humanity.
Dolezal’s case, I believe, raises im- book entitled The Abolition of Man. In it, Lewis points, as one example, to
portant questions about self-identifica- he speaks about humanity’s conquest of contraception. In Britain in the 1940s,
tion. It seems absurd and insulting for nature and the benefits that have arisen when Lewis was writing, contraception
a white woman to identify as a black from it. He notes that in many areas of was not legal, but its relative benefits
8 / NEW HORIZONS / AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2021
and merits were being discussed. Lewis been to remove the necessary connec- Keller goes on to explain that we
was uneasy about contraception be- tion between human sexual behavior, do not get our identities simply from
cause of the power that it placed in the conception, and the propagation of the within ourselves. We receive some “in-
hands of those alive to control those human race. We are thus free to express terpretive moral grid” from outside our-
who have yet to be. “By contraception ourselves sexually however we wish— selves, which we lay over our various and
simply, [future generations] are denied to define ourselves however we wish. sometimes conflicting feelings and im-
existence; by contraception used as a pulses in order to sift through
Beholden Still to a Few
means of selective breeding, they are, them and determine which
without their concurring voice, made Or are we? Lewis noted is “really me” and so should
to be what one generation, for its own that what we might call hu- be expressed, and which is a
reasons, may choose to prefer” (55). manity’s power is in reality foreign invader and must be
He continues: a power possessed only by a controlled. It is the grid that
few. The conquest of nature we use—not a raw, innate,
If any one age really attains, by eugen-
is also the conquest of oth- unadulterated expression of
ics . . . the power to make its descen-
ers—it’s the rule “of a few our feelings—which deter-
dants what it pleases, all . . . who live
hundreds of men over bil- mines for us who we should
after it are the patients of that power
lions upon billions” (58). The or should not be and which
. . . There is therefore no question of
conclusion is inescapable: gives us our identity.
a power vested in the [human] race
“The power of Man to make We receive those grids,
as a whole steadily growing as long
himself what he pleases means . . . the of course, from others—from our cul-
as the race survives. The last [people],
power of some men to make other men tures and communities. We filter our
far from being the heirs of power,
what they please” (59). feelings through what we are told is ac-
will be of all [people] most subject to
Are people able to define them- ceptable, embracing some feelings and
the dead hand of the great planners
selves, or are they constrained by oth- rejecting others according to our grid.
and conditioners, and will themselves
ers? Through a helpful illustration in When left to ourselves to create an
exercise least power upon the future.
his book Preaching, Timothy Keller identity, we choose to conform to the
(57)
shows no one really defines him or her- external moral grid.
Today, the realities are more acute self. We are always defined by someone This may help us explain why an
than they were in Lewis’s time. Con- else: eight-year-old boy with conflicting
traception is now a socially accepted feelings today is encouraged to ex-
Imagine an Anglo-Saxon warrior in
reality. But it is not the only reality. press himself as a girl, but why Rachel
Britain in AD 800. He has two very
Abortion also helps to ensure a eugenic Dolezal is condemned for expressing
strong inner impulses and feelings.
purity. In 2017, news media reported herself as a black woman. It seems to
One is aggression. He loves to smash
that Iceland had almost completely have less to do with how either of them
and kill people when they show him
eradicated Down syndrome. They did feels, and more to do with what their
disrespect. Living in a shame-and-
this by prenatal screening and abort- current culture tells them they can,
honour culture with its warrior ethic,
ing any child they suspected of having should, or must do with their feelings.
he will identify with that feeling. He
an extra chromosome. Down syndrome
will say to himself, That’s me! That’s Self-Deception
was eliminated by eliminating people
who I am! I will express that. The
with Down syndrome. Is it possible Self-definition, then, is a self-
other feeling he senses is same-sex
that it hasn’t occurred to some doctors deception. No one defines him or her-
attraction. To that he will say, That’s
in Iceland that perhaps other handicaps self. We are always defined by someone
not me. I will control and suppress that
or diseases could be eradicated in the else. We will either allow ourselves to be
impulse. Now imagine a young man
same way? defined by the zeitgeist, the changing
walking around Manhattan today.
The cumulative technologies of spirit of the current age as interpreted
He has the same two inward impuls-
contraception, abortion, in vitro fertil- by an elite contemporary group of “our
es, both equally strong, both difficult
ization, gender reassignment surgery, betters,” or we will allow ourselves to
to control. What will he say? He will
hormone replacement therapy, and be defined by the unchanging God who
look at the aggression and think, This
cosmetic surgery mean that we are no created us and loved us enough to send
is not who I want to be, and will seek
longer beholden to givenness in the his Son to redeem us and restore us to
deliverance in therapy and anger-
area of human sexuality. Whatever ar- our true identity.
management programs. He will look
guments one may offer for the benefit
at his sexual desire, however, and
of any of these technologies individu- The author is pastor of Bethel Presbyterian
conclude, That is who I am. (135)
ally, the cumulative effect of them has in Leesburg, Virginia.
NEW HORIZONS / AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2021 / 9
FOREIGN MISSIONS
HEALTH
RESEARCH IN
KARAMOJA
// LEAH HOPP Leah, Nurse Tinah, who supervises the CHT, and Agnes, a pro-
fessor of public health who is advising Leah’s research
I have been very encouraged by her timely and thoughtful
feedback as well as the way that she breaks down the tasks of
L ast fall, when I traveled down to Mbale to renew my
Ugandan work permit, I stayed with OPC teammates
Jim and Jenny Knox. Over dinner, I met their friends Tom
the research process into manageable portions and assigns me
homework. It is a privilege to work with a Ugandan Christian
woman who is an expert in her field.
and Agnes. That meeting was an answer to prayer. In my work Agnes came to visit Nakaale at the end of May, which
at the OP Uganda Mission’s clinic and with the Community gave her a better sense of our local setting and how to advise
Health Team (CHT), I have seen the need for more research my research. Because it is the rainy season, I was concerned
about those we are endeavoring to serve in the name of Christ. about taking the bus four times in one week on muddy roads.
I have wanted to return to research for years but have been In an answer to prayer, she was able to ride up with the Knoxes
very hesitant to do it alone. for a long weekend. After a few dry days, we walked out to
Dr. Jim and Dr. Tom have been friends for many years, the villages together with Akol, a member of the CHT—and
and Agnes also works in the field of health. She successfully Agnes didn’t even need her gumboots! She said that she really
defended her doctoral thesis in May regarding HIV/AIDS in learned a lot from seeing Karamoja in person, on top of all that
pregnant women, is a professor of public health at Busitema I had done to previously describe the place to her and what
University in Mbale, has conducted many research projects in she had already known about the region. We look forward to
Lira (north-central Uganda), and mentors students in their continuing our research efforts together.
research work. At dinner, Agnes and I bonded over both being
twins, which I found out when she gave me her email address, Research First Steps
which has the name Napyo in it. In Karamoja, the name for Nurse Tinah and I had been discussing research ideas on
the eldest of girl twins is Apio. We also both completed our hygiene and sanitation in the community, which we presented
masters of public health at the same university (on different to Agnes. We were able to meet with the district health officer
campuses). After hearing about in Nakapiripirit to obtain per-
her work, I told her that I was mission to conduct operational
also interested in conducting research at the mission’s Aki-
research in Karamoja and asked syon a Yesu Presbyterian Clinic
if I could email her some ques- (AYPC).
tions. Agnes not only agreed, Since there is not enough de-
she also graciously offered to mographic information officially
meet with me regularly through available from our district, Agnes
videoconferencing as a research suggested that we might need to
advisor. provide our own background in-
That has held me account- formation. Thankfully, the clinic
able and given me motivation to administrator and I had already
Agnes’s May visit to the AYPC and the surrounding
maintain focus throughout what digitized one full year’s worth
villages enabled her to better advise Leah’s research.
could be a long research process. of data from AYPC’s medical
10 / NEW HORIZONS / AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2021registers from 2019. We will write administrator had started the map-
a paper on that data set, which can ping process, which I built upon, to
then be used to give a snapshot of plot one hundred and eighty-nine
what health is like in our immedi- villages total. The map has also en-
ate area. The mission, the clinic, abled us to measure distances be-
and the CHT will benefit from this tween all these villages and AYPC
summary to help decide which pro- as well as distances to other health
grams to continue offering or which centers providing treatment. Many
new programs to pursue based on patients prefer to seek care at our
the needs of our neighbors. We clinic, which is further away than
will also present this initial study their nearest health center. We do
to our local government and other not yet know why. This map will
CHT member Akol (center) served as guide
organizations so that they can ben- likely also benefit others on the
to the local villages during Agnes’s visit.
efit from the addition of relevant, mission: they could potentially plan
local health information to their to host village Bible studies in some
archives, rather than generalizing data from the urban city of of the places where a large number of our clinic patients are
Kampala and retrofitting it to our rural village setting. coming from. I find maps fascinating, so it has been a joy to
I have handed over supervisory duties of the CHT to work on this aspect of the research project.
Nurse Tinah, thus freeing up my time to dedicate to our re-
Data on Diagnoses
search efforts. I am happy to continue advising Tinah and en-
abling her to take a more hands-on leadership role in relation Nurse Tinah and I have also been consulting with other
to community health. I will still direct the CHT, but will not clinical officers at AYPC about the one hundred and sixty-five
walk out to the villages as often, instead spending more time different diagnoses that were listed in the clinician’s registers
at my desk for this stage of the research process. I look forward for 2019. We needed to clear up any inconsistencies in spelling
to stage two when Tinah and I will again spend more time in of the diagnoses and remove entries that were just symptoms,
the villages collecting data on hygiene and sanitation. like “fever” or “pain,” instead of diagnoses. Then, we assigned
international classification codes to each diagnosis to ensure
Mapping the Surrounding Villages that our research findings will be clear to all who read them.
No accurate map exists for the villages in our region. In Once we summarize which diagnoses are most common
other regions, we would have been able to inquire of our local at our mission clinic, we can use the findings to help us focus
government official and ask for a map of villages and parishes. on offering the programs that best serve our community. The
But at our rural level, such a map either does not exist or has government often asks our private clinic to provide specialist
not been updated in over ten years. A lot can change in a no- services that cater to only a few people. Providing these ser-
madic, pastoral society in ten years! vices could diminish the time and effort we are able to give to
Over the past few months, I have been conferring with others with more common diagnoses. Perhaps this study will
our mission clinic staff on village names and locations to cre- clarify our reasons for offering the programs that we do.
ate a map of all the patients who seek care at AYPC. Our clinic There remains much to learn and study regarding health
in our corner of Karamoja. Please pray that the work will sup-
port the mission’s efforts and for stamina throughout all the
stages of research, for God’s glory.
The author is an associate tentmaking missionary in Nakaale, Kar-
amoja, Uganda.
What’s New
// Appointments
Miss Joanna R. Grove (Grace OPC, Vienna, VA) has
been reappointed to serve as a missionary associ-
ate in Karamoja, Uganda, for another two-year term
The research will inform the CHT’s preventive
which began in May 2021.
programs in rural villages surrounding the mission
NEW HORIZONS / AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2021 / 11C H R I S T I A N E D U C AT I O N
GOD’S
PROVISION TO
GCP
// MARK L. LOWREY GCP produced eighty-three Bible story videos for children to
view at home as part of its creative response to COVID-19
relevant Bible background, Scripture passages, and spiritual
goals for their children. Coloring sheets provided outlets for
I n the beginning of 2020, churches were faithfully gathering
to worship each week. The educational ministries of teaching
and training children, youth, and adults were carrying on with
creative expression after the children listened to the Bible
stories.
Through special offers of Pilgrim’s Progress, a gospel ad-
their normal rhythms. And then in mid-March, everything venture curriculum based on John Bunyan’s classic book, and
came to a screeching halt with the arrival of COVID-19. Kids’ Quest! Catechism Club, a curriculum to teach First Cat-
After this harsh interruption, slowly, over weeks and echism, churches were able to host drive-throughs for families
months—often depending on where you lived—some to pick up materials for the lessons that the children’s min-
churches would regather for worship while also streaming istry leaders taught online. Parents received a free app, First
online, some ministries would resume, and some children Catechism To Go (FC2Go), that they could download to help
would return to school. Few thought that the impact would them teach the catechism. Through it all, it was encouraging
continue into the 2020 school year—certainly not into mid- to see the imaginative and resourceful ways God’s people re-
2021. And even now with bright signs on the horizon, our sponded to discipling their kids through the pandemic.
churches and ministries still are dealing with the ripples of
COVID-19’s Impact on GCP Sales
COVID-19.
Of course, even with all the ways GCP was able to sup-
Meeting the Needs of Churches and Families port churches in their ministries, sales were nothing like a
During those first weeks, as the global pandemic hit normal year. At the beginning of 2020, GCP’s sales of curric-
home, Great Commission Publications (GCP) gathered vir- ulum, Trinity Hymnal, and other resources were strong. They
tually as a staff to pray and decide how we could continue to were even ahead of 2019. We were moving forward with work
serve churches and families as we all adapted to a new nor- on new curriculum projects. Then COVID-19 hit. Sales basi-
mal. The vast majority of our churches had never hosted on- cally dried up, with a 2020 drop in sales of 60 to 70 percent
line teaching for children, and even families who regularly do compared to 2019.
family worship and devotions were looking for further ways GCP tightened its belt by cutting expenses and not re-
to educate their children on the Lord’s Day. placing two retirees. The budget for 2020 was essentially cut
It is wonderful to look back now and see how God’s hand by more than half. With decreasing sales, that was still not
led us through these difficult times. He brought together the enough. And yet God met our needs.
talents and gifts of our staff to brainstorm new ways to use As churches cut back on their orders, we knew we did
existing curricula and to creatively make video Bible stories, not have the resources to print curriculum that would likely
downloadable helps for parents and teachers, and so much not be ordered. Analyzing the inventory that we had available
more. Through the past year, GCP recorded eighty-three alongside projections for what churches would need, we felt
Bible story videos in seven different series, teaching God’s that we would be able to get through the 2020–21 ministry
marvelous deeds through the Old and New Testaments. We year without printing curriculum. By spring 2021, as more
crafted song lyric videos to help children and families learn churches began to gather in person, we printed a short run of
Bible truths through music. Parent pages gave parents the material to meet needs. There began to be encouraging signs
12 / NEW HORIZONS / AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2021Favorite Psalms and Hymns
that more churches would be meeting in person and educa-
tion for children at church would resume.
God’s Provisions from the Beginning Trinity Psalter Hymnal no. 404
At the founding of the Orthodox Presbyterian Church, “The Church’s One Foundation”
there was a high priority given to developing a doctrinally Diane L. Olinger
sound program of Christian education consistent with the The church’s one foundation
church’s standards. The OPC funded and began to develop Is Jesus Christ her Lord;
lessons in the mid-1940s and 1950s. From 1961 to 1971, a She is his new creation
complete curriculum for grades one to twelve was finalized. By water and the Word:
This was a huge accomplishment, and yet once it was com- From heav’n he came and sought her
pleted, it was apparent that there would be an ongoing need To be his holy bride;
for revisions, requiring a large amount of funding. With his own blood he bought her,
As the Presbyterian Church in America (PCA) began to And for her life he died. (st. 1)
form in the mid-1970s, God provided a solution. Great Com-
mission Publications was incorporated in 1975 with a board of This remarkable hymn is an extended contemplation
trustees from both the OPC and PCA. The CCE-developed on the holy catholic church and the communion of the
materials formed the starting point and basic building blocks saints. It was written by Anglican minister Samuel Stone
for GCP materials. By the early 1990s, instead of receiving for the benefit of his congregation in an underprivileged
funds from the Christian education committees of the OPC suburb of London, along with other hymns based on theo-
and PCA, the GCP board directed that GCP would support logical concepts in the Apostles’ Creed (Leland Ryken, 40
itself through sales of curricula, the Trinity Hymnal, and oth- Favorite Hymns, 32). The hymn declares that Jesus is the
er resources. In the decades since, God has faithfully upheld foundation of the church, and that despite threats, the
GCP and enabled us to revise older curricula and create new church is united and will survive. It concludes with the
curricula. expression of a longing to join the church triumphant and
the comfort of our union “with those whose rest is won.”
Looking Forward Stone wrote “The Church’s One Foundation” in the
While COVID-19 has certainly impacted children’s min- context of denominational conflict. He was responding to
istry, worship, and outreach, the 2021–22 ministry year looks unrest in the Anglican church brought about by changing
closer to a normal year for both churches and GCP. It will be views of the Bible and its message. Perhaps this is why the
a time of transition as churches assess their gains and losses in hymn still resonates within the OPC, which was founded
families, children, teachers, and volunteers. We prayerfully look in 1936 as similar conflicts raged in the American church.
toward 2022–23 to be even stronger. Join with us now as we The words of the hymn are based on many scriptural
praise our sovereign Lord for sustaining GCP and his church passages, one of which is Ephesians 4:4–6: “There is one
through these turbulent times. We have seen God’s goodness, body and one Spirit—just as you were called to the one
sovereignty, and kindness as he provided just what we needed hope that belongs to your call—one Lord, one faith, one
when we needed it. We rejoice in our partnership with the body baptism, one God and Father of all, who is over all and
of Christ as we continue the work of the Great Commission. through all and in all.”
On a personal note, this is the hymn that was sung at
The author is interim executive director of GCP. my wedding—all six verses, of course, at the insistence of
the groom.
WELCOME TO THE OPC
PCUSA in 1936, and, for those who want to learn more about
BOOKLET OPC doctrine and polity, it points to resources like The Con-
Welcome to the OPC is a twenty- fession of Faith and Catechisms and The Book of Church Order.
seven-page booklet issued by the The booklet then gives examples of ways the OPC is spread-
OPC’s Committee on Christian ing the message of Jesus Christ in the present day, inviting
Education that serves as a great readers to explore the steps to be taken to join the church as
synopsis for what the Orthodox communicant members.
Presbyterian Church is, how it came To purchase your copy of Welcome to the OPC, go to
to be, and what the core beliefs of store.opc.org or click on the “Publications” button under the
the church are. It describes how “Resources” tab on the opc.org homepage to be redirected to
belief in the inerrancy of Scripture the online bookstore. It costs $1.00 per copy and only $0.75
led to the OPC breaking from the per copy when you order ten or more.
NEW HORIZONS / AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2021 / 13HOME MISSIONS
ALIENATION
AND THE
HOUSEHOLD
OF FAITH
// JOHN S. SHAW
Using an impressive collection of studies and statistics,
Carney argues that our communities have lost much of what
makes for strong personal connections. What he calls “third
D uring our first years of marriage, like most young cou-
ples, Anne and I experienced many transitions, including
frequent moves and the births of four children. A long list of
places”—those gathering points between home and work, like
churches, parks, small neighborhood businesses, and com-
munity centers—are closing in startling numbers. The com-
friends, mostly from church, offered their time and labor at munity organizations that depend on volunteer participation
each milestone. And they brought food—oh, the many tasty while bringing neighbors together (for example, the Rotary,
meals—to help us move forward. After each move and each the PTA, Little League) struggle to find willing participants.
new baby, Anne and I had a similar conversation: how do peo- As communities diminish, people are living more of their lives
ple survive without the love and support of a church family? isolated from their neighbors.
To belong to the household of faith is a privilege. We in This loss of participation and social capital messes with a
the church enjoy the benefits of community and connections sense of meaning or purpose. Carney writes, “Strong commu-
with deep, even eternal, roots. What difference does it make to nities function not only as safety nets and sources of knowl-
be part of such a body? edge and wisdom, but also as the grounds on which people
can exercise their social and political muscles. These are where
The Story of Alienation
we find our purpose” (12). The loss of social capital also means
A recent book on politics and culture, Alienated America: that people have “fewer and weaker networks and thus less
Why Some Places Thrive While Others Collapse, answers that trust” (13).
question. The author, Timothy Carney, a columnist at the The consequences of such alienation are dire: “The sto-
Washington Examiner and a resident fellow at the American ry [of alienation] is the story of the collapse of community,
Enterprise Institute, writes from a particular ideological per- which is also the story behind our opioid plague, our labor-
spective that many of us might not share. Yet while his treat- force dropouts, our retreat from marriage, and our growing
ment plan often left me disappointed from both a political inequality” (205).
and theological perspective, his diagnosis simply makes good
sense. Reviews from both conservatives and progressives gen- How Should We Respond?
erally agree that Carney accurately diagnoses much of the pain I first was introduced to Timothy Carney in an article he
in our nation. wrote during the 2016 presidential primaries after he visited
The primary argument of the book is that as communi- Oostburg, Wisconsin. That lovely village along Lake Michi-
ties weaken, social institutions shrink, and personal connec- gan is my mother’s hometown, where I have enjoyed many
tions diminish, a growing number of people in our nation have summer visits. It’s also the home to four Reformed churches
become alienated. The alienated person, according to Carney, including Bethel OPC. As Carney chatted with Oostburg res-
“not only does not feel a part of the social order; he has lost idents in a little diner called Judi’s Place, he began to formu-
interest in being a part of it” (13). That lack of connection late one solution among several to the problem of alienation—
contributes to loneliness, inequalities, addictions, depression, a church family that loves and cares for its neighbors.
hopelessness, and suicide. My purpose here is not to review Carney’s book or even
14 / NEW HORIZONS / AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2021necessarily recommend it. But I think Carney’s cultural analy- kinds of activities that were regularly practiced in the early
sis gives us an insight about the people our churches serve and church—they were devoted to the apostolic teaching, fellow-
the neighbors we are called to love. ship, breaking of bread, prayers, and the ministry of mercy.
How can we evaluate Carney’s analysis? And how should One of the striking things about this passage is the emphasis
we respond—as believers and as the church? on Christians doing these things together, day by day, in the
First, of course, we should view the problem with a bib- temple and in their homes. From the very beginnings of the
lical lens. Men and women are made in the image of God, New Testament church, the Christian life was corporate, not
designed for fellowship with God and for community and private. When you absent yourself from the fellowship of the
connection with fellow image-bearers. Indeed, it is not good church, you do harm to yourself and you deprive the church
for man to be alone. Yet sin breaks our relationship with the of your gifts (Rom. 12:3–8; 1 Cor. 12:12–26). We need each
Creator God, and sin often leads to broken relationships with other. The church should be a place of comfort for Chris-
other men and women. The isolated, alienated existence that tians weighed down by loneliness and alienation, because the
so many people live is not good for them, because they were church gives them a place to belong.
made for something better. An alienated existence brings Share your abundance and your need with your church family.
painful consequences. That, again, is the pattern of the emerging church in Acts 2.
Thankfully, to those who feel abandoned, the Bible also They were together and had all things in common; those who
provides a remedy through the death and resurrection of Jesus had been blessed with much provided for those who lacked
Christ. Abandoned by the Father and by his friends, he was (vv. 44–45). The benefits of community and connection may
alienated and alone as he went to be on the decline in society, but
the cross for the sins of his people. these benefits should be read-
By faith in him, through the for- ily available in a healthy church.
giveness of sins, we know that we Christians should run to the
will never be abandoned by God church for help in times of need,
again. The gospel is the ultimate and they should be ready to help
answer to the trials of alienation others during times of personal
and abandonment. God in Christ plenty.
will never leave nor forsake his Love your neighbor more than
people. your causes. You know more about
So the final remedy for the the struggles in every corner of
alienated man or woman is the the globe than was possible in
gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ. previous generations, and that can
In him, we know for certain that Vacation Bible School at Bethel OPC in Oostburg, WI, leave you feeling overwhelmed.
we will never be forgotten again; one of the cities Carney argues has retained commu- But don’t lose sight of the imme-
he knows his sheep by name and nity bonds due at least in part to local church life diate struggles in your city, in your
leaves none of them behind ( John neighborhood, or even next door.
10:3; Luke 15:3–7). The church The Lord has always put people
has the only message to relieve an alienated America, so we and churches in a specific community for a particular moment
should speak the gospel message boldly and clearly, applying in time. Put down your electronic devices and focus on the
it with wisdom and care. people around you.
Second, we should consider how our practice as the If the diagnosis Carney presents is accurate—that as
church offers comfort to people who struggle with the kind of communities decline and the number and quality of con-
loneliness so prevalent in our particular moment. Here are a nections diminish, people suffer—then you likely have many
few suggestions, to which you could add many more. neighbors who are suffering right now. Get to know them by
Commit yourself to a specific group of believers in a local name. Spend time with them; listen to their stories; and pay
church. In a culture that is struggling with the loss of com- attention to their cares and concerns. As you have opportunity,
munity and connection, the Lord provides those very bless- meet their physical and emotional needs. And when the con-
ings to us in the visible church. Acts 2:42–47 describes the versation allows, tell them how you handle times of loneliness
or isolation. Invite them to visit your community of believers
to make personal connections with others who can love them
Home Missions Today well. Tell them of your perfect Savior, who was abandoned and
For up-to-date news and prayer requests, alienated for a time, but now lives forever and never leaves you
request our newsletter by emailing nor forsakes you.
HomeMissionsToday@opc.org. New
editions: Aug. 4 & 18 and Sept. 1, 15, & 29. The author is general secretary for the Committee on Home Mis-
sions.
NEW HORIZONS / AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2021 / 15FRATERNAL
ADDRESS
TO THE PCA
GENERAL
ASSEMBLY
// CHAD B. VAN DIXHOORN
Van Dixhoorn’s address—via video, due to a packed docket and resulting in origi-
nal artwork—as a fraternal delegate to the PCA assembly, held in St. Louis, MO
The fact is that the best system for opposing racism from
a biblical point of view is the covenantal understanding of
M
OPC.
r. Moderator, fathers, and brothers: My name is Chad
Van Dixhoorn, and I bring you greetings from the
the Bible offered by the Reformed faith. No one has taught
more clearly that Old Testament Abraham is the father of
all new Testament believers than the Reformed. No one has
It’s important to us that the acronym “OPC” has only one taught more clearly that all nations under the gospel are equal
“O,” for we don’t think we’re the “Only Orthodox Presbyterian before the Lord, united in one covenant of grace. The Re-
Church.” Evidences of your commitment to orthodoxy are on formed church ought to be the safest place for every race.
display in matters as mundane as your review of presbytery re- And so when Reformed people have wandered from these
cords, or as substantive as your committee’s report on sexuality. truths in order to promote our prejudices, we have been es-
We praise God for your constant reference to the holy pecially guilty.
Word of God in debates and key documents. And since even Looking at my own denomination’s history, I see an en-
enemies of the truth can quote the Bible, we are especially couraging 1974 committee report on race-related problems
grateful when we see church leaders supplying sane scriptural and solutions, but you can hear from the very date of the re-
interpretations, offering helpful confessional quotations, and port that we were slow to listen, and then slow to speak.
embracing faithful ethical implications. And might it be that we are too slow once more? If Re-
May you remain loyal to your Father’s will in all things. formed confessions offer the best biblical theology to help
As we in the OPC think about the PCA, items for praise with race, they also offer the best theological anthropology to
come quickly to mind. We’re grateful that the PCA has con- deal with sexuality. I pray that this time, we will all be faithful,
tinued to own our joint mission of educating God’s people in and in that way helpful.
the work of Great Commission Publications. We’re thankful The truth is that we must act as Christians even if our
for your faithful preachers, for not a few of our members have diagnosis of the problem cannot be the same as the world’s
watched PCA services during the pandemic. And we rejoice diagnosis. We must act, for the world needs to see the bless-
to forge closer connections to PCA missionaries consciously ing of God’s grace culture, building people up, instead of the
committed to indigenous church planting. curse of our enemy’s cancel culture, tearing people down.
May the Holy Spirit draw millions to Christ, and then May the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of
give them a Christ-like community to support them in their God, and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit draw together
journey home! first his church, and then this country, as only a triune God
I’m personally thankful that the PCA keeps grappling can!
with the history and reality of ethnic and racial inequalities May God bless the Presbyterian Church in America.
and injustice. This is a matter of critical importance, especially
for Reformed Christians. There are multiple reasons why Re- The author is an OP minister and professor at Westminster Theo-
formed people especially need to grapple with racial injustice. logical Seminary in Philadelphia. His remarks were at the open-
One reason is that whenever Reformed people have defended ing of the first full day of business of the PCA’s general assembly,
or allowed such injustice, we have had to set aside our biblical prior to its consideration later of overtures that addressed sexual-
theology in order to find room for racism. ity and racism.
16 / NEW HORIZONS / AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2021You can also read
