National Rail Action Plan - Prepared for the Transport and Infrastructure Council - National Transport Commission

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National Rail
Action Plan
Prepared for the Transport
and Infrastructure Council
Contents

Introduction                              3
1. 	 Workforce                            4

2. 	 Harmonisation and standardisation    5

About the plan                            7
1. 	Meeting rail’s critical skills and
     labour needs                         8

2. 	Common rules for infrastructure
     standards                            12

3. 	Common standards for components
     for rolling stock               13

4. 	Common rules for safe work           14

5. 	Interoperable communication and
     control systems                      15

2   National Rail Action Plan
Introduction
This plan is an agreed set of actions that will be undertaken by
the Commonwealth, state and territory governments and key
members of the rail industry.

The plan aims to implement changes to improve delivery of
rail infrastructure and improve the safety and productivity of
rail operations. An additional focus will be to create
opportunities for manufacturers of rail equipment to supply
rolling stock and components.

The actions have two main focuses:              Australia will be spending more on rail in
                                                the next decade than submarines. Rail
1. to ensure we have the skills and labour      manufacturing employs 5,000 workers
   required to build and operate the rail       directly, with a further 7,000 in the
   network; and                                 extended supply chain.
2. to improve the efficiency and safety of
   Australia‘s rail system by continuing to     This rapid increase in public investment
   align or harmonise operating rules,          creates both opportunities and challenges.
   infrastructure and operational               Rail can reduce congestion in metropolitan
   standards and systems across the             areas and improve freight productivity
   nation’s rail network.                       across the nation. One of the challenges is
                                                having a rail construction capability which
The plan will be a collaboration between        is able to match the demand created by
governments and the rail industry as each       the proposed new projects. There is also an
has a part to play in delivering the actions.   opportunity to leverage the investment to
                                                improve operational effectiveness and
Australia is currently experiencing a major     safety, as well as provide economic
wave of public investment in the delivery of    opportunities in the rail manufacturing
rail infrastructure. A BIS Oxford and           sector.
Australasian Railway Association (ARA)
report (November 2018) has found that rail      As new infrastructure projects are
construction activity rose by 18 per cent to    completed and move to operations and as
$4.5bn total capital expenditure in 2016-17     rail operators update their fleet, there will
and expanded again in 2017-18 to $7bn. The      be a greater need for passenger car sets as
medium-term outlook for the rail                well as locomotives and rolling stock. This
construction sector is the strongest of all     provides an opportunity for local
engineering construction markets in             manufacturers to be able to build those
Australia, with the annual increase             passenger car sets and other rolling stock
expected to surpass the resources-driven        or to supply components.
peak of $8.3bn by 2021. Total activity is
expected to grow around 8 per cent per
annum over the five years to 2022-23.

3   National Rail Action Plan
1. Workforce
A number of studies have highlighted concerns over capacity
constraints in both skilled and unskilled labour. BIS Oxford’s
analysis notes that the rail construction sector is likely to
experience challenges in sourcing skilled workers over the
coming decade. Indeed, the sector is already experiencing
challenges with the number of train drivers, controllers, track
workers, signalling engineers and technicians, maintenance
workers, electrical technicians and tunnellers not keeping up
with growing demand.

The rail industry has called for                 Infrastructure Australia publishes the
governments to work together to help meet        Infrastructure Priority List. The Priority List
these challenges. The ARA has called for a       is regularly reviewed and updated as
collaborative working group to develop a         proposals for nationally significant projects
national rail workforce strategy to manage       move through stages of development and
skills shortages and facilitate enhanced rail    delivery. The Priority List is also available
skills development and workforce                 as an interactive map on the Infrastructure
capability across construction, operation        Australia website. State infrastructure
and maintenance.                                 agencies maintain similar lists of projects
                                                 for their jurisdiction.
This Plan focuses on skill issues that are
specific to the rail sector. Some actions will
be undertaken collaboratively with industry
and some actions will be led by industry.

Planning to acquire skills for rail
construction projects will be helped by a
transparent investment pipeline.
Governments have identified that a
consistent and reliable infrastructure
investment pipeline is a key driver in
achieving value for money in infrastructure
provision.

There is significant information that
outlines the investment by governments in
transport infrastructure. The Australian
Government’s National Infrastructure
Construction Schedule (NICS) links to state,
territory and industry-led infrastructure
websites, that provide investors and
construction contractors with detailed
information on infrastructure pipelines,
tendering and contracting opportunities.

4   National Rail Action Plan
2. Harmonisation and standardisation
Australia’s railways have mostly developed as isolated
networks where each has applied standards suitable for their
circumstances. This is most notably reflected in the different
rail gauges across Australia. However, there remain different
standards for rolling stock and components, operating rules for
rail infrastructure and for communications and control systems.
The significant expansion in the rail network provides the
opportunity to move to a network that operates seamlessly
across Australia.

The Bureau of Transport and Regional             Improved safety, efficiency and
Economics (BITRE) Optimising
harmonisation in the Australian railway
                                                 manufacturing opportunities
industry (2006) identifies that in addition to   The growth of the rail sector provides an
different gauges, other technical,               opportunity for local manufacturers to be
operational, regulatory and administrative       able to build the passenger car sets and
inconsistencies have also impeded the flow       other rolling stock or to supply
of rail traffic. BITRE notes that                components. The Senate’s Rural and
harmonisation may deliver benefits such          Regional Affairs and Transport References
as lower input costs, improvements in            Committee 2017 Inquiry into Australia’s rail
operational efficiency, higher inherent          industry noted that rather than Australia
safety and lower training costs. It can also     being represented by one central, national
widen rail’s freight market. Conversely, it      market, Australia has historically been
notes there are commercial pressures and         made up of a number of smaller,
historical legacies that mitigate against        fragmented rail markets. This continues to
greater standardisation. The report also         act as a deterrent to investment in larger
notes the potential folly of government          scale manufacture and innovation. Scale
setting standards for rail when rail             also acts as a barrier to expansion. The
transport operators have superior                problems are compounded by the
knowledge. Therefore, any move to greater        inefficiencies associated with
harmonisation and standardisation will be        manufacturing railway products to
done in close cooperation with the rail          different standards and specifications.
industry.

Under Australia’s co-regulatory model, the
Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board
(RISSB) develops and manages standards,
rules, guidance materials and other
documents to assist the rail industry to
manage rail safety, improve efficiency and
achieve safety outcomes through
standardisation, interoperability and
harmonisation. This includes the Australian
Network Rules & Procedures (ANRP) which
is the master set of rules and procedures
that define how Rail Transport Operators
operate safely on the Australian rail
network.

5   National Rail Action Plan
Infrastructure standards                        There are eight Rail Infrastructure
                                                Managers in Australia and more than 50
In most cases the rail industry is vertically   above-rail operators, including freight and
separated, with above rail operations           passenger operations. When new
typically separated from below-rail. This       infrastructure is built, each RIM individually
separation is reflected in the law. Rail        determines the technical standards it
operations in Australia are regulated under     requires to enable it to meet its safety
the Rail Safety National Law that is            obligations under the national law.
adopted or applied in each Australian state
or territory. The National Law defines the      This multiplicity of different standards, and
responsibilities of Rail Infrastructure         different infrastructure outcomes, across
Managers (RIMs): this is the person or          Australia (both on networks within and
organisation that has effective control and     outside each State/Territory) is causing
manages the rail infrastructure. This isn’t     inefficiencies for government and industry,
always the infrastructure owner. RIMs are       including higher procurement, delivery and
responsible for below rail operations.          maintenance costs. The problem has
                                                become critical during the current period
The National Law also defines the               of unprecedented investment by
responsibilities of rolling stock operators.    governments in new rail projects.
Rolling stock operators have effective
control and management of the operation
or movement of rolling stock on rail            Network operating rules
infrastructure for a railway.
                                                Most rail freight trips in Australia do not
The regulatory framework is co-regulatory       occur on a single network but typically
in that the Australian governments do not       span several networks. For example, in
directly prescribe the standards or rules by    Victoria a relatively short freight trip from
which railways need to operate. Rather,         Gippsland to the Port of Melbourne
they set a performance requirement on           requires a train to travel on both regional
railways to operate safely and provide          and metropolitan networks, each controlled
operational flexibility to establish and        by two different Rail Infrastructure
implement standards, rules and methods of       Managers – V/Line and MTM.
operation necessary to meet the safety
performance requirement of their                Safe-working rules tend to reflect in part
operations.                                     historic state-based rules in each
                                                jurisdiction, as well as the ‘overlay’ of
The co-regulatory safety model and the          individual networks controlled by different
commercial access frameworks have               Rail Infrastructure Managers.
evolved in Australia over the last 20 years,
as the nation has moved away from               As a result, there are at least 11 different
vertically integrated, state-based              signalling and train control systems in use
monopoly arrangements.                          across Australia, with each state having its
                                                own distinct safe-working rules – meaning
The new approach is consistent with             there are around 17 distinct safe-working
world’s best practice from both a safety        systems across Australia. This extensive
and commercial perspective.                     array of systems imposes additional costs
                                                in management, maintenance and
• It ensures that safety and operational        competency training for both network
  risks are clearly and contractually           managers and operators.
  allocated between network managers
  and above-rail operators.
• It creates a competitive, private-sector
  market for above-rail operations,
  resulting in significant shifts in rail’s
  share of the freight task in various
  market segments (85% between Perth
  and Melbourne).

However, it also results in less ability of
governments to coordinate standards for
rail operations and for infrastructure. This
results in there being less ability for there
to be nationally consistent standards for
rail infrastructure and for operations,
including for interoperability of
communications and control systems.

6   National Rail Action Plan
About the plan
This plan sets a number of actions which will support the rail
industry’s efforts to undertake workforce planning, address skill
shortages and build and operate an expanded rail network,
covering the following areas:

• Identifying critical skill needs and options to meet
  these needs – to identify the critical skills needed by                      Each section will set out:
  industry and options to address these needs across
  the rail construction, operation and manufacturing                           • the outcome the Transport and
  sectors.                                                                       Infrastructure Council expects;
• Improving network and infrastructure harmonisation                           • the reasons for, and benefits of, this
  and interoperability – by capitalising on the                                  outcome;
  opportunity created by infrastructure spending and                           • work underway that is contributing to
  advances in technology to improve the consistency of                           the expected outcome;
  rules for using and building transport infrastructure
  and the ability to communicate across the rail network.                      • who will lead the work; and
  This work will focus on the development of common                            • how the work will be funded.
  rules for railway operations, common standards for rail
  infrastructure and for rolling stock, and to improve the
  interoperability of train control and communications
  systems.

     National Rail Action Plan
                                             Government and industry working groups

                                                               PHASE

                Skills & labour                          Common standards                           Interoperability

     Construction         Operation and             Components for rolling stock            Common            Communication
                          manufacturing                and infrastructure                operating rules        and control
                                                                                                                 systems

      Plan to grow        Plan for rail specific     Common standards for rolling            Common             Interoperability
       critical rail         operating and             stock components and                  standard            of control and
      sector skills         manufacturing                  infrastructure                 operating rules      communications
                                  skills                                                   for safe work            systems

                                                     CRITICAL COMPONENTS

    Rail skills such as   Rail skills such as      Development of common standards         Development of standard operating
     tunnelling and           signalling           rolling stock components and major     rules that would apply across the rail
         specific          engineer and                   infrastructure elements            network and the ability of train
        electrical          train drivers                                                     control and communications

7      National Rail Action Plan
1. Meeting rail’s critical skills
and labour needs
The large increase in rail investment by governments creates challenges and
opportunities in terms of skill and labour requirements including in
construction, operations and manufacturing. Critical skills across each of
these areas often require specialised training pathways. These pathways rely
on public and private resources and institutions, including the training and
education sectors.

Construction                                                Operational and manufacturing
Construction is Australia’s third largest industry. It is   The rail industry has a number of skilled jobs where
highly competitive. Rail is just one component of the       relevant training is best provided by those already in
construction sector. Many of the skills required in the     the industry such as train and tram drivers, train
rail construction sector are portable across various        controllers, railway signal operators. Similarly, there
sectors, including the civil construction sector. As        are several variously skilled jobs where the training
acknowledged by the ARA and BIS Oxford, the rail            for the role needs to be, or is best provided by, the rail
construction sub-industry will need to draw                 operators. This includes jobs such as rail
extensively from other parts of the construction            maintenance worker and key rail specific
industry (and elsewhere) to ensure the timely delivery      administration and management roles.
of projects.
                                                            There is also a need for the rail industry to continue
The Transport and Infrastructure Council notes there        to develop people to have more specialised skill, e.g.
is an existing joint forum of leaders from the              engineers. The actions proposed in this plan are
construction industry – the Construction Industry           aimed at the development and training (and/or
Leadership Forum (CILF). This group is comprised of         retaining) such key staff.
members from the Australian Constructors                    In terms of an audit, the Victorian Government has
Association (ACA) and the Victorian and New South           commissioned a study with the Rail Manufacturing
Wales public sectors. The CILF works to address             Cooperative Research Centre to investigate and
capability and capacity constraints in the                  report on skills shortages in the train, tram and bus
construction sector. In light of the significant work       industry. The research will suggest strategies to
already underway through the CILF, and to avoid             improve workforce attraction and staff retention to
duplication, this action plan focuses on critical rail      ensure there is a sustainable industry that continues
specific skills, e.g. high voltage electrical work, train   to meet Victoria’s transport and manufacturing
signalling, rail tunnelling.                                needs.
In addition, the Council recognises that governments
and industry are already partnering to develop              Skills Council
critical rail skills. For example, the Victorian
                                                            The Council of Australian Governments (COAG) has
Tunnelling Centre is being built at Holmesglen
                                                            recently established a new COAG Skills Council to
Institute’s Chadstone campus to train people in
                                                            drive skills reform. Reporting to the new Skills Council,
underground construction and tunnelling, the Level
                                                            the Australian Industry and Skills Committee
Crossing Removal Authority has developed nine new
                                                            provides industry with a formal role in advising on
training programs and a new Inland Rail Skills
                                                            policy directions and decision making in the national
Academy has recently been launched by Australian
                                                            training system. There are a large number of
Rail Track Corporation (ARTC).
                                                            individual industry reference committees that advise
                                                            on the development of national training packages,
                                                            including for the rail industry and civil infrastructure.
                                                            Any actions in the plan that go to training
                                                            qualifications or broader skill system issues will need
                                                            to be raised with the relevant officials and ministers
                                                            responsible for skills issues.

8   National Rail Action Plan
Why                          Existing work         Actions                        Lead             By when    Funding

Outcome
1.a Government and industry understand the critical rail sector skill needs

Current analysis has         BIS Oxford Skills     A report to Council on         Labour and       May 2020   Within
indicated there will be      Capability Study      the critical rail sector       Skills Working              existing
skills shortages across a    (ARA)                 skills required across the     Group                       budgets
number of occupations                              nation.
in the rail industry. Some
of these shortages
(especially the lower
skilled roles) will be
easier to resolve by
industry.

Many of the skills in
demand have a skill
specialisation that is in
addition to the
occupation’s
qualifications.

It is expected there will
be a smaller number of
highly skilled
occupations which are
critical to the delivery
and operation of rail
infrastructure (e.g. rail
signalling engineers)
and may need focused
efforts to identify those
skills gaps.

Outcome
1.b Government and industry understand how these critical skills are established

A skills pathway specific    BIS Oxford Skills     Audit of existing              Labour and       November   Within
to each in-demand skill      Capability Study      training, programs and         Skills Working   2020       existing
will be essential to         (ARA)                 facilities as well as          Group                       budgets
ensuring that identified                           government policies and
critical skill gaps are                            levers and other factors
addressed.                                         that will determine
                                                   whether critical rail skills
                                                   needs are met.

                                                   Consultation will be
                                                   required with officials
                                                   responsible for skills
                                                   matters.

                                                   Consideration will need
                                                   to be given to the
                                                   appropriate role for
                                                   industry and
                                                   governments in respect
                                                   of skill development.

 9    National Rail Action Plan
Why                         Existing work          Actions                       Lead              By when    Funding

Outcome
1.c Governments and industry work together to improve portability of skills across jurisdictions

Portability will allow      Rail Industry          A report that identifies      NTC in            May 2020   Funding
employees to more           Reference              barriers to portability of    conjunction                  to be
easily move to areas of     Committee              critical skills (which        with Rail                    resolved
higher need without the     (training packages)    could include: training       Industry
need for additional                                packages; specific asset      Operators,
costly training.                                   owner requirements;           jurisdictions
                                                   licence conditions;           and the
                                                   legislation; work health      Commonwealth
                                                   and safety                    departments
                                                   requirements; and/or          responsible for   November
                                                   industrial relations          infrastructure    2020
                                                   requirements).                and skills

                                                   Recommendations to
                                                   improve portability.

                                                   Consultation will be
                                                   required with officials
                                                   responsible for skills
                                                   matters and with rail
                                                   industry operators.

                                                   Expert input will likely be
                                                   needed from the Rail
                                                   Industry Reference
                                                   Committee (which
                                                   develops and manages
                                                   training packages) on
                                                   the barriers and possible
                                                   solutions to improving
                                                   portability.

Outcome
1.d Government and industry understand and have strategies to address specific skills shortage challenges in the rail
manufacturing industry

It is critical to have      Asset and Networks     A Victorian Government        Victoria          October    Within
strategies to address       Division (A&N) in      study in conjunction                            2020       existing
skills shortages in the     the Victorian          with the Rail                                              budgets
rail manufacturing          Department of          Manufacturing
industries in order to      Transport has          Cooperative Research
manufacture in              consulted with         Centre will investigate
Australia.                  Metro Trains           and report on skills
                            Melbourne, Yarra       shortages in the train,
                            Trams, Public          tram and bus industry.
                            Transport Victoria
                            and several bus        The research will
                            operators. These       suggest strategies to
                            operators have         improve workforce
                            reported a             attraction and staff
                            significant            retention, to ensure
                            emerging skills        there is a sustainable
                            shortage.              industry that continues
                                                   to meet Victoria’s
                                                   transport needs.

 10 National Rail Action Plan
Why                           Existing work           Actions                     Lead             By when      Funding

Outcome
1.e Rail skill needs are taken into account as part of the COAG Skills Council’s reform priorities and the reform
roadmap it is developing.

The COAG meeting of           Skills ministers will   Chair of the Transport      TIC Chair        December     N/A
August 2019 resolved to       work through the        and Infrastructure                           2019
establish a new COAG          new COAG Skills         Council (TIC) to write to
Skills Council to deliver     Council, in             the Chair of the Skills
a VET system which            consultation with       Council raising the
helps all Australians get     education               importance of rail skills
the skills they need for      ministers, to advise    development.
employment.                   leaders on future
                              reform priorities by
It is important ministers     the end of 2019 and
responsible for skills and    provide a reform
Education take account        roadmap to COAG
of the rail sector’s needs    in early 2020.
as part of future reform
priorities.

Outcome
1.f Rail industry attracts and retains quality, diverse staff

The rail industry needs                               Industry works together     Industry         Ongoing      Industry
to be seen as an                                      to develop, fund and                                      funding
attractive and viable                                 deliver ‘branding
long-term prospect for                                campaign’.
future employees, so it
can attract a workforce
with critical skills.

Outcome
1.g Rail industry continues to invest in skills and workforce

Industry investment is        Training centres        Industry continues to       Industry         Ongoing      Industry
critical as it is generally   and programs            take a coordinated                                        funding
best placed to                including               approach to investment
understand the discreet                               in its skills and
skills needs of its           • Australian Rail       workforce.
workforce.                      Track
                                Corporation
                                (ARTC) Inland
                                Rail Skills
                                Academy.
                              • The Rail
                                Academy
                                Newport
                                (Victoria).
                              • Centre of
                                Excellence in Rail
                                Training.

 11   National Rail Action Plan
2. Common rules for infrastructure standards
 In rail, there is a strong link between the regulatory settings, operational
 requirements and rail infrastructure.

 The Rail Safety National Law defines infrastructure to       standardised specifications, engineering solutions
 be the facilities necessary to enable a railway to           and methodologies rather than developing bespoke
 operate and includes railway tracks and associated           solutions on a project basis. Further work is required
 railway track structures.                                    to determine the extent of the problem, and possible
                                                              solutions.
 Governments and industry have highlighted a need
 for greater use of standardised documentation and
 design detail to minimise disparity in requirements
 for infrastructure, for example, through more

Why                         Existing work         Actions                     Lead               By when      Funding

Outcome
2.a Industry establishes a higher level of standardisation / harmonisation of infrastructure standards

Various governments                               Conduct an audit of         RISSB              Nov 2020     Funding
have raised issues                                existing infrastructure                                     to be
regarding the variations                          standards and identify                                      resolved
in infrastructure                                 opportunities for
standards used by                                 standardisation.
different operators. This
is leading to concerns                            RISSB to undertake a
regarding productivity,                           survey of rail operators
interoperability and                              to understand where the
safety.                                           differences are between
                                                  the jurisdictions and
                                                  rank these by:

                                                  • How significant each
                                                    difference is (i.e. how
                                                    much effort it would
                                                    take to change it)
                                                  • What the value of
                                                    changing it would be.

 12   National Rail Action Plan
3. Common standards for components
for rolling stock
Australia has a manufacturing base that could support the rail industry. It
could be self-sufficient in the development and supply of rolling stock and a
wide variety of components. The large investment in rail projects and
investment in rail operations will mean additional rolling stock will be needed
to operate on the new or improved lines. This will be in addition to any routine
replacement of rolling stock and components.

To support this, Australia needs clarity around the            A local manufacturing Industry faces challenges from
number and type of trains to be purchased in coming            cheap imports. The IBISWorld Railway Equipment
years. A delivery timetable would assist the                   Manufacturing and Repair - Australia Market
development of a rail manufacturing industry. This             Research Report (May 2019) notes that there are
will in part be addressed by the work on the rail              three important success factors for the railway
pipeline. In addition, common standards for rolling            equipment manufacturing and repair industry. These
stock are critical. Traditionally, Australian rail has         are:
had diverse standards and requirements for each
state and territory. This has resulted in a fragmented         • undertaking technical research and development;
rail manufacturing industry and small disparate                • economies of scale; and
markets. Using key standard components will provide            • well-developed internal processes.
significant opportunities for cost savings and
investments in jobs in the rail manufacturing sector,          Technical research and development is being
e.g. resulting in longer production runs and lower unit        undertaken by the industry and the Rail
costs. This will allow local manufacturers to be able to       Manufacturing Cooperative Research Centre and is
better compete to supply components within                     not covered in this plan. This plan proposes to
Australia and abroad.                                          address improving common standards for essential
                                                               rail components as outlined below.

 Why                          Existing work          Actions                     Lead      By when      Funding

 Outcome
 3.a Industry establishes higher level of standardisation / harmonisation of rollingstock components

 Standardised                 RISSB is working       1. Release standards for    RISSB     Completed    Already
 components will allow        with governments          glazing and bogies.                             funded
 local companies to more      on standards for
 easily supply products       components for rail    2. Develop a further six              November     (Funding
 for passenger car set        rollingstock.             standards:                         2020         to be
 construction and for                                • egress (including                                determined
 repair.                                               emergency egress)                                between
                                                                                                        jurisdictions
 A forward plan for                                  • crashworthiness
                                                                                                        and RISSB)
 standardising key                                   • energy storage
 components will provide                             • Heating, Ventilation
 greater certainty for the                             and Airconditioning
 rail component                                        (HVAC)
 manufacturing industry.
                                                     • emissions (diesel
                                                       powered passenger
                                                       trains).

                                                     3. Develop a 3 year plan              November     RISSB
                                                        for developing                     2020
                                                        standards for other
                                                        key components.

13   National Rail Action Plan
4. Common rules for safe work
Australian railways should operate as a system. There are eight primary
below-rail companies (excluding geographically separate Pilbara and Tasrail
networks) and more than 50 above-rail operators, including freight and
passenger operations. There are 29,000km of interconnected network
spanning from the Perth to Brisbane and from Melbourne, via Adelaide to
Darwin. Many rail trips across this system are not on a single network but
typically span several networks, with each network operating as an
independent business. There are still three different rail gauges in use
in Australia.

Standardising common aspects of rail operations                The Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board
can improve safety and reduce operating costs                  (RISSB), which is owned by industry, has developed
across the system. Currently, separate networks had            the Operational Concept for the Australian Rail
different rules for safe work around trains and for            Network. The report proposes a method to work
operating trains. These different rules require specific       towards nationally consistent key rules for rail
training on each network. In addition, requiring               operation. This work can be used as a basis for
different rules for the same operation in different            developing key common rules for safe work and rail
states can create a barrier to mobility of staff and           infrastructure use which will in turn improve
increases the cost of training.                                efficiency and safety in rail operations.

 Why                          Existing work          Actions                     Lead        By when      Funding

 Outcome
 4.a Improved harmonisation of rail operating rules and work standards

 Various governments          Over the past three    RISSB finalise the          RISSB and   May 2020     Funding
 have raised an issue         years, industry has    National Rules Project.     other                    to be
 regarding the variations     been working with                                  industry                 resolved
 in infrastructure            RISSB to develop a
 standards used by            set of national        Rewrite the Australian                  Nov 2020
 different operators on       rules. This initial    Network Rules and
 the same network. This       project is well        Procedures (ANRP)
 is leading to concerns       advanced and is
 regarding productivity       scheduled for          RISSB to undertake a                    Nov 2020
 and safety.                  completion in early    survey of rail operators
                              2020.                  to understand where the
 A set of national rules
                                                     differences are between
 (on operating rules and
                                                     the jurisdictions and
 safe work standards) will
                                                     rank these by:
 enable an optimal
 approach to improving                               • how significant each
 harmonisation.                                        difference is;
                                                     • how much effort/cost
                                                       it would take to
                                                       change it;
                                                     • what the value of
                                                       changing it would be.

14 National Rail Action Plan
5. Interoperable communication
and control systems
There are at least 11 different train control systems in use across Australia.

Systems in use can broadly be classified as:                    progressed in Australia, each is designed to meet the
                                                                challenges of the different types of railway
1. Signalling – provides for efficient operations so is         operations, from less used interstate and regional
   used on the busier lines but with the drawback of            trains, to dense intra-city rail lines. These new
   high levels of trackside equipment hence higher              systems optimise train control and can automatically
   construction, operation and maintenance costs.               slow trains to maximise network efficiency and
2. Train Order Working (TOW) – at least six different           improve safety.
   forms are in use, ranging from manual TOW,
   though to computer-assisted TOW (henceforth                  Barriers to system wide investment in modernised
   cTOW) which can use voice or data transmission of            and interoperable command and control systems
   authorisations to proceed/not proceed and limit              include:
   speeds.
                                                                • the distribution of costs and benefits including
3. Token – a legacy system, Staff and Ticket (S&T)                (perceptions at least of) safety and environmental
   remains in use only on the most marginal corridors             externalities; and
   in Victoria. This is a fully manual system.
                                                                • fragmented economic regulatory (access)
                                                                  arrangements including different regulators and
Rail network operators are increasingly adopting
                                                                  regulatory treatment (including return on capital).
more sophisticated train control systems. There are
three train control system improvements being

Why                           Existing work           Actions                     Lead              By when      Funding

Outcome
5.a An assessment of the costs and benefits for interoperable system implementation options.

The roll out of inter-        ARA, the Freight on     Complete a report for       Industry          November     Funding
operable systems              Rail Group (FORG)       government based on         working group     2020         to be
technology has                and RISSB have all      network business cases      consisting of                  resolved
significant benefits to       commissioned or         for the implementation      network
greater utilization of        undertaken work on      of interoperable            owners and
existing assets and           train operating and     systems, highlighting the   operators.
improvement in                communications          benefits available and
productivity. These           systems.                the recommended role
benefits however do not                               of government to deliver
accrue to individual          These audits            those benefits.
asset owners, impacting       however do not
their commercial              address
business cases and            commercial
highlighting a potential      business cases and
need for government           what government
support.                      support is needed
                              to deliver the full
                              potential
                              productivity
                              improvements
                              available.

15   National Rail Action Plan
Why                         Existing work      Actions                     Lead    By when     Funding

Outcome
5.b National interoperable communications-based control systems.

Leveraging the              ARTC and TfNSW     Develop a strategy to       RISSB   July 2021   Funding
completed audits of         are working on     roll out an interoperable                       to be
train control systems,      greater            control system based on                         resolved
industry in collaboration   interoperability   an investigation of
with RISSB is to develop    within the NSW     technological options.
the appropriate roll out    network.
strategy to deliver
interoperable control
systems across to
ensure strategic
alignment across
industry on what is
required to deliver an
interoperable system.

 16   National Rail Action Plan
National Transport Commission
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Melbourne VIC 3000
Tel: (03) 9236 5000
enquiries@ntc.gov.au
www.ntc.gov.au
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