Music Therapy in Geriatric Care - Alexander F. Wormit Thomas K. Hillecke Dorothee von Moreau Carsten Diener - Ernst Reinhardt Verlag
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Alexander F. Wormit • Thomas K. Hillecke • Dorothee von Moreau • Carsten Diener Music Therapy in Geriatric Care A practical guide In collaboration with Biljana Coutinho, Linda Ibanez, Michael Keßler and Sebastian Woytinnek. With a foreword by Lutz Neugebauer Including 16 figures and 8 tables Translation by Rebecca E. Hames and André Giannacopoulos Ernst Reinhardt GmbH & Co KG, Munich
Prof. Dr. Alexander F. Wormit teaches clinical music therapy and heads the Bachelor’s degree course in music therapy at the SRH University Heidelberg (UAS). Prof. Dr. Thomas K. Hillecke is Vice Dean at the Faculty of Therapeutic Sciences, teaches clini cal psychology and heads the Master’s degree courses in music therapy and dance and move ment therapy at the SRH University Heidelberg (UAS). Prof. Dr. Dorothee von Moreau is Dean of Studies at the Faculty of Therapeutic Sciences and head of the Teaching Clinic for Music Therapy and Dance and Movement Therapy at the SRH University Heidelberg (UAS). Prof. Dr. Carsten Diener is Prorector for research and practice transfer at the SRH University Heidelberg (UAS) and heads the Bachelor’s degree course in psychology within the Faculty of Applied Psychology. Original title: Alexander F. Wormit / Thomas K. Hillecke / Dorothee von Moreau / Carsten Diener: Musik therapie in der geriatrischen Pflege. Ein Praxisleitfaden. © 2020 by Ernst Reinhardt Verlag München Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek. The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bib liographic data is available online at http://dnb.d-nb.de ISBN 978-3-497-61328-1 (PDF-E-Book) ISBN 978-3-497-61357-1 (EPUB) Note: As far as dosage, application or treatment is mentioned in this work, the reader may trust that the authors have taken great care to ensure that this information corresponds to the state of knowledge available at the time of the work’s completion. However, the pub lisher cannot accept any liability for information on dosage instructions and forms of appli cation or other treatment recommendations. – The reproduction of common names, trade names, descriptions of goods etc. in this work does not entitle the reader to assume that such names are to be considered free in the sense of trademark and brand protection legislation and may therefore be used by anyone. © 2020 by Ernst Reinhardt GmbH & Co KG, Verlag, München All rights reserved. This work, including all its parts, is protected by copyright. Any use out side the narrow limits of the copyright law without the written consent of Ernst Reinhardt GmbH & Co KG, Munich, is prohibited and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to reproductions, translations into other languages, microfilming and storage and processing in electronic systems. Printed in the EU Cover design and photos: Christian Buck Illustrations: Vincent Bolz Typesetting: Sabine Ufer Ernst Reinhardt Verlag, Kemnatenstraße 46, 80639 München, internet address: www.reinhardt-verlag.de email: info@reinhardt-verlag.de
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Content
1 Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2 Introduction to the guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3 People in geriatric settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.1 The patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.1.1 The dementia patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.1.2 The depressive patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.1.3 The Parkinson patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.1.4 The stroke patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.2 The relative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.3 The carer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.4 Other qualified personnel: physicians, psychologists,
social workers, occupational therapists and physical
therapists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4 Scientific perspectives on music therapy with elderly people . . . . . . . . 27
4.1 Music therapy research and the evidence base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.1.1 Discussion on evidence and on music therapy . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.1.2 Is music therapy practice evidence based? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.2 Current developments in music therapy with elderly people . . . . . 29
4.2.1 Dementia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.2.2 Depression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.2.3 Parkinson’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4.2.4 Stroke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.3 Singing as therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 Content
4.4 Effect factors in music therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4.4.1 Factor A – attention modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.4.2 Factor B – behaviour modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.4.3 Factor E – emotion modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.4.4 Factor C- cognition modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.4.5 Factor I – interpersonal communication modulation . . . . 44
4.4.6 Concluding remark on the heuristic effect factors . . . . . . . . 47
5 The music therapist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5.1 Training and professional standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5.2 Basic therapist and relationship behaviour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
5.2.1 Therapeutic stance for encounters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
5.2.2 Basic discussion techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5.2.3 Basic music therapy stances and skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
5.2.4 Music therapy techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
5.3 Music theory, instrumental and vocal skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
5.4 Special features of working with the elderly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
5.4.1 Helpful “inner stances” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
5.4.2 Confused and sundowning people . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
5.4.3 “Whenever I hear music, I think of … “ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
5.4.4 “Where people sing, they settle down …” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
6 Music therapy intervention catalogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
6.1 Milieu-oriented music therapy on the ward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
6.1.1 Corridor music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
6.1.2 Background music (in everyday care) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
6.2 Music therapy in the patient’s room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
6.2.1 Individual music therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
6.2.2 Singing in the room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
6.2.3 Music and movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
6.2.4 Songs in everyday care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Content 7
6.3 Music therapy in a separate room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
6.3.1 Group music therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
6.3.2 Singing in the group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
6.3.3 Music and movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
6.3.4 Relatives in the group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
6.4 Music therapy as a leisure activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
7 Evaluation of the intervention catalogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
7.1 Qualitative perspective on the effectiveness of
individual music therapy modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
7.2 Quantitative perspective on the effectiveness of
music therapy interventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
7.3 Summary of evaluation results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
8 Summary and outlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
9 Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128You can also read
