Mobilizing Misogyny BY ALEX DIBRANCO
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BY ALEX DIBRANCO
Mobilizing Misogyny
U
nquestionably, President damental to U.S. history as White An- can be seen in how “the Right applies
Donald Trump’s demonstrated glo-Saxon Protestant (WASP) nativism.2 race and class criteria that distinguish
enthusiasm for catering to the The same patriarchal stance—combin- between the rights of white, middle-
Christian Right on abortion— ing race, religion, and nativism—fuels class women and low-income women
and obliterating their memory of his conservative Christian ideology on ap- of color.” This dynamic led to the 1990s
pro-choice past—spells trouble for re- propriate gender roles. (Transgender stereotype of the “welfare queen,” and
productive rights. But that’s not the only women and men and genderqueer in- welfare reform under Bill Clinton de-
threat to women under Trump’s new or- dividuals also violate these designated signed to discourage women of color
der. Trump’s campaign distinguished roles.) Especially in the last 100 years, as and immigrant women from having “too
itself from those of other Republican some women have succeeded in pushing many” children.5)
candidates by its attacks on women: reg- back against the sexist world they inher- But attacks on women’s reproductive
ularly insulting women’s appearances or ited, social and political movements rights have often come wrapped in the
behavior and defending physical and have emerged to defend traditional gen- guise of chivalry, framed as “moral is-
sexual harassment and violence against der structures. sues” and “family values” rather than
them. Sometimes, Trump’s threatening Amid Second Wave feminism, the misogyny. To gain wider acceptance,
and offensive rhetoric directly targeted antifeminists Phyllis Schlafly (a Ro- the anti-abortion movement has adopt-
his Democratic opponent, Hillary Rod- man Catholic) and Beverly LaHaye (an ed a framework of “protecting women,”
ham Clinton, the first woman major evangelical) followed in this tradition vilifying abortion providers as preying
party nominee for president, from call- when they organized a “pro-family” on weak women threatened by the phys-
ing her a “nasty woman” to suggesting movement to stop the ratification of the ical and mental health consequences of
there might be a Second Amendment 1972 Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). abortion.6 That effort has made signifi-
“remedy” in case of her election.1 Though themselves prominent activists, cant legislative progress in recent years,
This rhetoric energized members of a LaHaye and the late Schlafly promoted with a slew of state anti-abortion bills in
secular misogynist Right—such as the submission to husbands and attacked 2011. Despite this official strategy, clin-
men’s rights movement and, more re- women seeking careers.3 ic protesters on the ground expose their
cently, the “Alt Right”—that has flour- Abortion, contraception, and sexual- misogyny in calling women “murderers”
ished online since the 1990s. And it ity education all threaten the enforce- and “whores,” and sometimes resorting
found no pushback from a brand of con- ment of traditional gender roles. After to physical intimidation.7
servative, libertarian “feminism”—an- the Roe v. Wade decision legalizing abor- In 2012, contraception came under
other ’90s development—that provides tion in 1973, conservative evangelicals increased attack as immoral in the de-
a dangerously legitimizing female face joined with the existing Catholic “pro- bate over healthcare reform. Anti-abor-
for misogynist ideology centered on life” movement in the creation of the tion groups have long denounced the
overt hostility to women and the prom- Christian Right, and abortion became “morning after pill” as an abortifacient,
ulgation of rape culture. “a vital component of [the Right’s] fight yet had otherwise tended to avoid push-
Effectively fighting mobilizations like to protect the bottom line of traditional ing an unpopular position against con-
those emboldened by Trump’s election family values—the dominance of white, traception, largely considered a settled
requires accurately understanding their male power and control,” as PRA’s Jean issue. When law student Sandra Fluke
composition—one in which misogyny Hardisty and Pam Chamberlain ob- testified in favor of contraceptive cover-
thrives alongside, and intertwined with, served. The anti-abortion movement age, Rush Limbaugh infamously ranted
racism. drew together members of the Religious about her being a “slut” and a “prosti-
Right and White supremacists and neo- tute” who should be required to post sex
PATRIARCHAL TRADITIONALISM FROM nazis, who contributed to the rising videos online.8
WHITE SUPREMACY TO THE CHRISTIAN violence against clinic providers in the Set on proving that his “pro-choice”
RIGHT 1990s perpetrated primarily by White days were behind him, during the 2016
Male supremacism, enshrined in the men.4 (The legacy of White supremacy, campaign Trump denounced Planned
nation’s founding documents, is as fun- Hardisty and Chamberlain continue, Parenthood as an “abortion factory” and
WINTER 2017 Political Research Associates • 11
selected hardline reproductive and LG- therefore opposes equal pay legisla- developing a male victimhood ideology
BTQ rights opponent Indiana governor tion.12 In such respects, Christian Right to complement equity feminism’s rejec-
Mike Pence as his running mate. In his ideology aligns with that of equity femi- tion of female victims. In 1988, War-
eagerness, Trump unknowingly vio- nism and men’s rights. ren Farrell, who had once been involved
lated the Christian Right’s strategic de- with feminist organizing of men’s con-
ployment of a “kinder, gentler” image9 EQUITY FEMINISM AND MEN’S RIGHTS sciousness group, published the book
when he announced that women who In 1991, “Women for Judge Thomas” Why Men Are the Way They Are, “depict-
obtained an illegal abortion should face formed to defend conservative Supreme ing a world where women—particularly
“punishment.” Although Trump back- Court nominee Clarence Thomas against female executives—wield vast influ-
pedaled to mollify anti-abortion groups Anita Hill’s sexual harassment allega- ence. Even those women who are less
tions. The following year this successful have ‘enormous sexual lever-
group institutionalized itself age over men.’”19
as the Independent Women’s When men think about women’s
Forum (IWF), under the prem- gains, Caryl Rivers and Rosalind C. Bar-
ise that, as co-founder Anita nett write in The New Soft War on Wom-
Blair declared, feminism en: How the Myth of Female Ascendance Is
should have “declared victory Hurting Women, Men—and Our Economy,
and gone home” by 1978.13 “There’s a tendency to circle the wagons,
The idea that, at least in the to exaggerate how far women have come
U.S., women have achieved and how far men have fallen.”20 Alarm
equality underlies the secular over women’s advancement emerges re-
libertarian philosophy of “eq- peatedly in U.S. history: as Danielle Pa-
uity feminism” (also “individ- quette points out in the Washington Post,
ualist feminism”).14 In 2009, 30 years prior to Farrell’s book, Harvard
IWF’s then-president Michelle historian Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. wor-
Bernard explained, “we have a ried over the trickle of wives into the
philosophical belief that wom- 1950s workforce: “Women seem an ex-
en are not victims… we believe panding, aggressive force, seizing new
that free markets are really domains like a conquering army, while
the great equalizer, and will men, more and more on the defensive,
allow women to become truly are hardly able to hold their own and
equal with men in areas where gratefully accept assignments from
we still may be unequal.”15 their new rulers.”21
This ideology diverges from Farrell, dubbed the “father of the
patriarchal traditionalism in men’s rights movement,” followed up
applauding successful career in 1993 with The Myth of Male Power:
Jack Donovan has advocated a system of patriarchy based on women (and holding varied Why Men Are the Disposable Sex, where
“tribal” comradeship among male warriors. (photo: Zachary O. views on abortion), replacing he suggested that American (White)
Ray via Wiki Commons). it with a sexism that blames men were the new “nigger,” threatened
women’s continuing under- by women’s ability to cry sexual harass-
that claim to protect women, his origi- representation in positions of influence ment and “date rape.” According to so-
nal statement was characteristic of the on personal choices and intrinsic dif- ciologist Michael Kimmel, this became
anti-woman vitriol of his campaign and ferences, and to protect this worldview, the movement’s “bible,” awakening
may have appealed to the existing ha- frequently dismisses contradictory evi- men to their status as victims of wom-
tred demonstrated by clinic protesters.10 dence.16 en’s ascendancy.22 Like White suprema-
The Christian Right’s attack on wom- By offering a provocative dissident cist movements, men’s rights ideology
en isn’t limited to reproductive issues. women’s voice, presenting “the other warns White men that they are losing
Schlafly frequently argued that women side,” equity feminists can forego the their place in society. Where equity
make false accusations of sexual assault grassroots organizing of Schlafly and feminism thrives among elite women
and domestic violence—her grounds for LaHaye17 while benefiting from exten- with access to major communications
opposing the Violence Against Women sive media dissemination of its ideas. platforms, the men’s rights movement
Act (VAWA) and suggesting that there As former IWF Executive Director Bar- is a decentralized “netroots” movement
exists a “war on men.”11 Concerned bara Ledeen put it, “You can’t have white that draws men who feel less privileged,
Women for America (CWA), a major guys saying you don’t need affirmative especially those with employment trou-
Christian Right group founded by Bev- action.”18 bles and failures in romantic relation-
erly LaHaye, claims that the “wage gap” Of course, plenty of White guys have ships.
results from women’s own choices and spoken out against affirmative action, Claiming rampant false accusations
12 • The Public Eye WINTER 2017of rape and violence is one of the most of advocating violence, writing that ties share adherents, though there is
prevalent men’s rights and equity femi- women who go clubbing are “begging” also conflict among their competing
nist talking points.23 Who Stole Femi- to be raped, and that “there are a lot of perspectives.
nism?, a classic among conservative women who get pummeled and pumped The virulent misogyny promoted by
“feminists” published the following year because they are stupid (and often ar- male supremacists, often couched as an-
by Christina Hoff Sommers, similarly rogant) enough to walk [through] life ti-feminism and accompanied by racism
argues that “gender” or “radical” femi- with the equivalent of a I’M A STUPID, and nativism, has serious repercussions
nists lie about rates of rape and domes- CONNIVING BITCH—PLEASE RAPE ME that play out on a global stage. In 1989,
tic violence. Speaking on campus sexual neon sign glowing above their empty Marc Lépine killed 14 women at an en-
assault in 2014, Sommers, a scholar at little narcissistic heads.”27 gineering school in Montreal under the
the conservative American Enterprise Another site Elam launched, Register- guise of “fighting feminism.”31 In 2009,
Institute, repeated the same themes of her.com, allowed men to post personal George Sodini killed three women and
“false accusations” and “[i]nflated sta- information for women they claim made then himself at a fitness class in Penn-
tistics,” declaring, “I believe that the false accusations (or otherwise outraged sylvania, leaving behind a website that
rape culture movement is fueled by ex- the movement) in order to target them complained about being rejected by
aggerated claims of intimacy and a lot of for harassment. In 2011, feminist writ- women (and leading PUAs to coin the
paranoia about men.”24 A spokesperson er Jessica Valenti fled her house under a term “going Sodini”).32 Anders Breivik
for A Voice for Men (AVFM), one of the barrage of threats after her information murdered 77 adults and children in Nor-
most prominent men’s rights organi- way in 2011, leaving behind a mani-
zations, rejected rape “hysteria…as festo attacking “the radical feminist
a scam” and baselessly claimed that agenda,” Islam, political correctness,
sexual assault affects only about two and “Cultural Marxism” (see David
percent of women—far from the Cen- Neiwart’s article in this issue).33 And
ters for Disease Control and Preven- in May 2014, Elliot Rodger set out to
tion’s one-in-five statistic.25 “slaughter every single spoiled, stuck-
Although equity feminists reject up blonde slut” at the “hottest” soror-
the existence of structural constraints ity at the University of California, San-
on women, like Men’s Rights Activist ta Barbara, writing, “I don’t know why
(MRA) they suggest that American you girls aren’t attracted to me, but I
boys and men suffer at the hands of will punish you for it.”34 He ultimately
gender feminists. In 2000, Sommers killed six people and himself, though
wrote The War Against Boys: How Mis- he failed to make it inside the sorority.
guided Feminism Is Harming Our Young The Southern Poverty Law Center’s
Men, and a flurry of concern over boys’ Intelligence Report editor-in-chief,
educational achievements in 2013 Daryush Valizadeh writes at the PUA site Return of Kings.
Mark Potok, wrote, “Men’s rights ac-
landed her in major outlets including tivists did not tell Rodger to kill—but
The New York Times, TIME Magazine, and appeared on this site. in their writings, it seems like many of
The Atlantic. Psychologist Helen Smith, Other strains of online male suprema- them wouldn’t mind doing some killing
one of IWF’s “Modern Feminists,” sug- cism include pick-up artists (PUAs), who of their own. Rodger said as much in his
gested in 2012 that “the deck is so advocate male sexual entitlement and manifesto, writing that PUAHate ‘con-
stacked against men that they are ‘going give sexist advice on seducing women; firmed many of the theories I had about
Galt,’” a reference to Ayn Rand’s novel the Red Pill, a community named for a how wicked and degenerate women re-
Atlas Shrugged, an MRA favorite.26 Matrix reference that seeks to awaken ally are’ and showed him ‘how bleak and
Equity feminism’s depiction of women men to the “reality” of dominant “femi- cruel the world is due to the evilness of
as liars with “victim mentalities” dove- nist culture”;28 Men Going Their Own women.’”35
tails alarmingly with (and legitimizes) Way, which advocates cutting ties with Elliot Rodger’s story has parallels
the online manifestation of the men’s women; and Jack Donovan’s “gang mas- with that of White supremacist ter-
rights movement, which uses more vir- culinity,” which calls on men to form rorist Dylann Roof, convicted in 2016
ulent and hateful rhetoric to convey the warrior gangs to escape domestication of murdering nine Black congregants
same argument. by women.29 Deviating from the online at a Charleston church.36 Though the
movement’s predominantly secular na- media typically portrays such acts of
MALE SUPREMACIST HARASSMENT AND ture are Christian masculinists, who, right-wing violence as perpetrated by
VIOLENCE as Dianna Anderson writes at Rewire, mentally disturbed individuals37—so-
Paul Elam has made attempts at a “have fused manosphere rhetoric with called “Lone Wolves”—as PRA contribu-
respectable mainstream image, orga- what they see as ‘biblical’ gender roles tor Naomi Braine writes, “a decision to
nizing the movement’s first in-person to envision a hierarchical, patriarchal act alone does not mean acting outside
conference. But he also has a history ideal world.”30 These varied communi- of social movement frameworks, phi-
WINTER 2017 Political Research Associates • 13losophies, and networks.”38 Both young a talk at Utah State University after the hip”; their publication, they declared,
men encountered inaccurate and hate- school received a threat to repeat Marc wouldn’t do “racists’ public relations
ful rhetoric online that inflamed exist- Lépine’s massacre and demonstrate work for them.”50
ing dissatisfactions by depicting them “what feminist lies and poison have But nowhere in this statement from
as victims.39 Thus, Lone Wolf violence done to the men of America.”46 While a major progressive news outlet exists
emerges from a right-wing context “sys- circles of progressive female journalists a single reference to sexism or misogy-
tematically erased” by media misrepre- took the movement behind Gamergate ny—a glaring omission given its signifi-
sentation of these as isolated and irra- seriously, their voices were largely ig- cance to the Alt Right’s mobilization to
tional actors. nored by the mainstream media.47 defeat the first woman to receive a major
Some members of the male suprema- Through Gamergate, vocal misogynist party nomination for president.51 Some
cist online movement hailed Rodger personalities such as Mike Cernovich, respected outlets and organizations, in-
as a hero on PUAHate.com messaging associated with the pick-up artist com- cluding the Associated Press and SPLC,
boards or Facebook fan pages.40 Others munity, and Milo Yiannopoulos, a Bri- described the movement’s misogyny,
distanced themselves while defending etbart writer, expanded their online fol- but their recommended definitions ref-
their own misogynist content, much as lowing, to be leveraged in future attacks erenced White nationalism, neglecting
the Council of Conservative Citizens, the on feminism and women. Yiannopoulos to acknowledge male supremacy as a
White nationalist group Roof cited in his had over 300,000 Twitter followers at core component.52 While some Alt Right
manifesto, claimed to condemn Roof’s the time the social media platform final- leaders, such as former Breitbart News
violence while blaming society for ig- ly banned him for offensive content in executive (now Trump administration
noring White people’s “legitimate griev- 2016; at the time of this writing he has chief strategist) Stephen Bannon, hail
ances.”41 Daryush Valizadeh (“Roosh more than 1.9 million Facebook likes from more racist corners of the umbrel-
V”), a professional PUA and founder of and 568,000 subscribers on YouTube, la movement, others, like Yiannopoulos
the site Return of Kings, argued, “Until in addition to his platform at Brietbart, and Cernovich, rose to prominence pri-
you give men like Rodger a way to have where he has bragged about writing marily on their misogynist rhetoric.
sex, either by encouraging them to learn headlines such as “Would You Rather These omissions aren’t surprising. In
game, seek out a Thai wife, or engage in Your Child Had Feminism or Cancer?”48 a 2008 study, “The Absence of a Gender
legalized prostitution…it’s inevitable for In “An Establishment Conservative’s Justice Framework in Social Justice Or-
another massacre to occur.”42 Guide to the Alt-Right,” Yiannopoulos ganizing,” activist and consultant Linda
Meanwhile, equity feminists stepped and co-author Allum Bokhari write, Burnham wrote, “All too many organiz-
up to whitewash a clearly misogynist at- “The so-called online ‘manosphere,’ the ers and activists affirm a commitment to
tack. IWF senior editor Charlotte Hays nemeses of left-wing feminism, quickly women’s human rights or gender justice
wrote that calling Rodger’s violence a became one of the alt-right’s most dis- while having no clear idea of sexism as
“product of sexism” was a “bizarre re- tinctive constituencies.” a systemic phenomenon with tangled
sponse” by feminists.43 The New Yorker’s Andrew Marantz historical, social, economic and cultural
writes that Cernovich “developed a the- roots and multiple manifestations.” In
VIDEO GAMES, MISOGYNY, AND THE ALT ory of white-male identity politics: men her interviews of activists, Burnham
RIGHT were oppressed by feminism, and politi- found “the subordination of sexism as
Video games might not seem like a cal correctness prevented the discussion a legitimate concern among ‘competing
vital social justice battleground. How- of obvious truths, such as the criminal isms’”; antipathy to the feminist move-
ever, as sociologist and gaming critic proclivities of certain ethnic groups.”49 ment (which is perceived as White); a
Katherine Cross has pointed out, the In 2016, in tweets that received more feeling that “there’s already a level of
virulence of online White male reac- than 100 million views, Cernovich fo- equity and there’s no need to struggle
tions to increasing gender and racial cused on supporting “unapologetically over it anymore”; and a lack of tools
diversity in game players and creators, masculine” Trump and attacking Hillary for structural analysis.53 (Groups with
and to critiques of the industry’s sexism, Clinton with conspiracy theories regard- a better intersectional approach, Burn-
indicates a problem with dismissing this ing her failing health and emails. ham footnoted, included reproductive
as a trivial issue.44 Only a few months Following Trump’s election, main- justice organizations like SisterSong.54)
after Rodger’s fatal 2014 attack, an in- stream and progressive media outlets Matthew N. Lyons, co-author of Right-
cident dubbed “Gamergate,” ostensibly worried that using the movement’s cho- Wing Populism in America, further ar-
about gaming industry ethics and media sen name, the Alt Right, helped euphe- gues that this heightened misogyny
corruption, resulted in the Federal Bu- mize and normalize old-fashioned big- distinguishes the Alt Right from other
reau of Investigation (FBI) looking into otry. As Think Progress’ editors wrote, White supremacist and neonazi mobili-
the barrage of violent rape and death “[Alt Right Leader Richard] Spencer zations, which have practiced a “quasi-
threats against women who criticized and his ilk are essentially standard- feminism” that viewed women as hold-
video games’ sexist portrayals of women issue white supremacists who discov- ing distinct but complementary gender
and lack of diversity.45 Anita Sarkees- ered a clever way to make themselves roles important to the movement. Es-
ian, one of the primary targets, canceled appear more innocuous—even a little pecially since the 1980s, Lyons writes,
14 • The Public Eye WINTER 2017neonazi groups have increasingly laud- of the Alt Right, it’s the “gateway drug” spoke of bright prospects ahead for Hill- ed White women as “race warriors.”55 for the recruitment of disaffected White ary Clinton: “She is incredibly smart, Some early Alt Right writers did en- men into racist communities. David brilliant, an excellent campaigner, and courage their compatriots to do more Futrelle, a journalist who watches the I think her time will come.”64 to attract women and root out sexual men’s rights and other online misogy- However, misogynist and anti-femi- harassment.56 Now even that has dis- nist movements, told Vox that it’s “close nist Rightist ideologies have taken a toll appeared. Today the movement is bet- to impossible to overstate the role of beyond leaders’ control. Though during ter characterized by dismissive ideol- Gamergate in the process of [alt-right] the primaries IWF gave favorable atten- ogy like that of White male supremacist radicalization…Gamergate was based on tion to Carly Fiorina, the only female Matt Forney, who asserts in a 2012 “an- the same sense of aggrieved entitlement Republican candidate, a poll showed ti-feminist classic” post on Alternative that drives the alt-right—and many Trump leading the Republican pack Right that women are “herd creatures” Trump voters.” Within this narrative, among female voters. Historian Cath- who are “unimportant” to the men Futrelle said, they saw their harassment erine Rymph explained that the exodus who will make history. “Attempting to of women as defending “an imperiled of feminism and women’s rights advo- convince such flighty creatures to join culture,” moving into other online en- cacy from the GOP means that, among the alt-right with logical arguments is claves populated by neonazis and White those left, “voters, including women, like begging escaped inmates to please supremacists that recruited them for who don’t like Democratic feminism or pretty please come back to the insane “fighting against ‘white genocide.’”62 so-called ‘political correctness’ in gener- asylum.”57 Forney also argues that, “Ev- al may very well find refreshing Trump’s ery feminist, deep down, wants nothing 2016 ELECTION: WHERE HAS THIS MISOG- delight in using language about women more than a rapist’s baby in her belly.”58 YNY LED US? that many find offensive.”65 When then- Lyons writes: In 2006, IWF Managing Director Car- Fox News anchor Megyn Kelly criticized Alt-rightists tell us that it’s natural rie L. Lukas wrote, “In the past, victims Trump’s misogyny while moderating a for men to rule over women and that of rape were made to feel that the crime 2015 primary debate, Trump respond- women want and need this, that “giv- was their fault. Many women around ed, to audience cheers, that “the big ing women freedom [was] one of man- the world still suffer this bias. Today in problem this country has is being po- kind’s greatest mistakes,” that women the United States, the pendulum has litically correct”—code for resistance to should “never be allowed to make for- swung too far in the other direction. A misogyny, racism, xenophobia, and ho- eign policy [because] their vindictive- man accused of rape often is convicted mophobia. Trump went on to call Kelly ness knows no bounds,” that femi- in the court of public opinion without a “bimbo” and imply she was menstru- nism is defined by mental illness and evidence.”63 Yet in Trump’s campaign, ating. After Trump’s continued attacks has turned women into “caricatures of that was far from the case. Multiple ac- on Twitter rallied online misogynists irrationality and hysteria.”59 cusations of sexual assault and harass- to further harassment, Kelly received Richard Spencer, the now-infamous ment against the Republican candidate death threats.66 White nationalist leader credited with were ignored throughout the campaign; For some equity feminists, it’s gone coining the term “Alt Right,” pro- when audio recordings exposing him ad- too far. IWF senior editor Charlotte Hays motes male supremacist rhetoric that mitting to sexual assault finally brought argues that Trump’s history of misogy- includes yet goes beyond traditional widespread attention to his treatment nist statements goes beyond “bucking arguments for women belonging in of women, he defended his comments political correctness.” In March 2016, the home. Along with his position on as “locker-room talk.” And those com- Hays worried, “If Trump is the nominee, women’s “vindictiveness” (quoted by ments did not ultimately cost him the the [Leftist claims of a] ‘war on women’ Lyons above), Spencer defended Trump election. will be back with a vengeance. And this against sexual assault accusations with While IWF and equity feminism, time there will be a degree of fairness the argument, “At some part of every like other libertarian ideologies, tend in the charge.”67 Sommers referred to woman’s soul, they want to be taken by toward the conservative side of the po- Trump as an example of “amoral mas- a strong man.”60 litical spectrum, there is more diver- culinity” that “preys on women.”68 She Cas Mudde, a Dutch political scien- sity there than among women in anti- joined conservative female media pun- tist who studies right-wing movements, feminist movements and the Christian dits in calling for Trump to fire his origi- describes the Alt Right’s assertion of Right. This allows the ideological tent nal campaign manager, Corey Lewan- women’s inferiority as “a sexist interpre- to include Democrats like Christina Hoff dowski, after Brietbart News reporter tation of xenophobia. It’s the same view Sommers, independents like former Michelle Fields charged him with physi- they have of immigrants and minori- IWF president Michelle Bernard, and cally assaulting her.69 Trump denied ties, that they’re threatening their way Republican women who might criticize Lewandowski’s culpability, only firing of life. A life where men are dominant. aspects of their party’s gender dynamics. him three months later after apparently A life where they have privilege in virtu- After applauding Sarah Palin for break- unrelated problems.70 And when former ally every domain.”61 ing free of sexist attempts to control Fox News anchor Gretchen Carlson filed Vox writer Aja Romano argues that her image as the 2008 Republican vice suit against CEO Roger Ailes for sexual misogyny is not only a significant part presidential nominee, in 2009, Bernard harassment—which Kelly also reported WINTER 2017 Political Research Associates • 15
experiencing—Trump asserted that While Trump’s rhetoric reflects MRA incidents, more than double the next-
Carlson’s accusations against his infor- vitriol, it is the long fight against femi- highest rate.83 In multiple incidents of
mal advisor were “Totally unfounded.”71 nism by groups embraced in the main- harassment of women, assailants from
Fields resigned from Brietbart, which stream, like equity feminists and Re- middle school boys to groups of adult
former executive and Trump senior strat- publican women, that legitimized the men parroted Trump’s boast that he can
egist Stephen Bannon proudly called candidacy—and election—of an overt “Grab [women] by the pussy.”84
“the platform for the alt-right,”72over misogynist who has bragged about sex- Sen. Jeff Sessions (R-AL) originally
the outlet’s inadequate response.73 Com- ual assault. claimed it was a “stretch” to “characterize
menting on the successive Alt Right [Trump’s comment] as sexual assault”
online harassment of Fields, Kelly said, DEFENDING GENDER JUSTICE POST- (later backpedalling under questioning
“This woman hasn’t done anything ELECTION during his confirmation hearing for U.S.
wrong, anything, other than find her- Trump’s rhetoric shares more in com- attorney general).85 Before Trump was
self on the wrong end of these folks, for mon with equity feminist and men’s even sworn in as president, his admin-
whom she used to work.”74 rights ideologies than with “family val- istration’s threat to reproductive rights,
Some equity feminists, like Sommers, ues” framing—and with the reality of protections addressing violence against
may have expected their own elite con- Christian Right misogyny, such as the women and campus rape, and other
servative colleagues to be taken serious- vitriol of clinic protestors and the anti- women’s equality programs had already
ly, not realizing that the damage done in feminism of the late Phyllis Schlafly, a been made alarmingly clear.86 Under the
disparaging other women would find its staunch Trump supporter. Trump-Pence administration, threats
way back to them. In response to Som- It will be important to track the grow- will come from the Christian Right, con-
mers’ criticism of Trump, Mike Cernov- ing connections between these secular servative secular and libertarian groups,
ich disdainfully pointed out that she had and religious movements, bridged by an empowered White supremacist fig-
previously “mocked women who played underlying misogyny, racism, and na- ures, and, of course, a President who’s
the damsel in distress.”75 tivism, especially as individuals aligned shown his comfort with overt displays
On the other hand, the apprecia- with the Alt Right, like Bannon, and eq- of racism, nativism, and misogyny.
tion for Hillary Clinton’s political mer- uity feminism, like Conway, gain influ- This disturbing combination may now
its seems to have disappeared under ence. The seeds are already there. The jeopardize a wider expanse of policies
IWF’s new leadership, which got on libertarian Koch brothers, infamous reducing structural oppression that had
board with Trump after his nomination. major donors to libertarian and conser- seemed settled.
Trump hired IWF board member Kelly- vative causes, fund both IWF and CWA. But the fact of this combined threat
anne Conway to replace Lewandowski Alt Right figures like blogger Matt For- may also bring more dissenters into a
as his new campaign manager, which ney oppose reproductive rights, writing more holistic response. Loretta Ross, a
followed the organization’s efforts to that pro-choice women have “evil” in longtime reproductive justice and wom-
peddle palatable sexism under a female their souls and that “Girls who kill their en’s human rights leader, is optimistic
face. IWF’s campaign affiliate, Indepen- own children despise life itself and will about the power vested in intersection-
dent Women’s Voice (IWV), supported do their best to destroy yours.”79 Pick- al feminist organizing. “Now with the
Trump’s campaign, with CEO Heather up artist communities advise members Women’s March on Washington using
Higgins coming around to offer her full- to seek submissive wives who can eas- the ‘Women’s Rights Are Human Rights’
throated support in the general elec- ily be controlled, and oppose abortion call for mobilizations in 616 simultane-
tion.76 and contraception as a means of weigh- ous marches worldwide,” she wrote at
The men’s rights movement lacked ing them down with children.80 And, Rewire, “I believe feminists in the United
these internal divisions over Trump’s extending “father’s rights” arguments States have finally caught up to the rest
outright misogyny. Early in the primary within the men’s rights movement, a of the global women’s movement. I feel
season, members of online male su- Missouri lawmaker proposed in 2014 like celebrating our inevitable progress
premacist communities touted Trump a bill requiring paternal consent to an toward victory for equality, dignity,
as an example of an “alpha” male given abortion.81 and justice, despite the reasons we are
how “he insults and dominates women, The influence of ideology on the marching in the first place: to unite
preys on their insecurities and refuses to broader population, outside of active to challenge the immoral and prob-
ever apologize for it.”77 And as though movement participants, bears particu- ably illegitimate presidency of Donald
he was directly channeling men’s rights lar importance with a president who Trump.”87
talking points, at a campaign rally in uses his platform to broadcast virulent
May 2016 Trump declared, “All of the misogyny, racism, nativism, and Is- Alex DiBranco is a PhD Student in Sociol-
men, we’re petrified to speak to women lamophobia.82 In tracking reported bi- ogy at Yale, studying social movements and
anymore. …You know what? The women as-related incidents since Election Day, the U.S. Christian Right. She was formerly
get it better than we do, folks. They get the Southern Poverty Law Center found PRA’s Communications Director and has
it better than we do. If [Hillary Clinton] that perpetrators were most likely to ex- written for outlets such as Alternet, The
didn’t play [the woman] card, she has plicitly reference Trump in anti-woman Nation, and Change.org.
nothing.”78 attacks—82 percent of the 45 reported
16 • The Public Eye WINTER 2017endnotes
Mobilizing Misogyny, p. 9 19. Mariah Blake, “Mad Men: Inside the www.politicalresearch.org/2015/06/19/ sues and gender-based rape and violence,
Men’s Rights Movement—and the Army of terror-network-or-lone-wolf/. which leaders like Loretta Ross had back-
1. David S. Cohen, “Trump’s Assassina- Misogynists and Trolls It Spawned,” Mother 39. Mark Berman, “Prosecutors say grounds working on, the “reproductive”
tion Dog Whistle Was Even Scarier Than Jones, Jan/Feb 2015, http://www.moth- Dylann Roof ‘self-radicalized’ online, wrote label maintains a particular focus. “Gender
You Think,” Rolling Stone, August 9, 2016, erjones.com/politics/2015/01/warren- another manifesto in jail,” The Washing- justice” (Burnham also uses the term “social
http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/fea- farrell-mens-rights-movement-feminism- ton Post, Aug 22, 2016, https://www. justice feminism”) shifts the emphasis to
tures/trumps-assassination-dog-whistle- misogyny-trolls. washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/ meet the challenges of a broader misogy-
was-scarier-than-you-think-w433615. 20. Caryl Rivers and Rosalind C. Barnett, wp/2016/08/22/prosecutors-say-accused- nist movement—with religious and secular
2. Alex DiBranco and Chip Berlet, “The Ide- The New Soft War on Women: How the Myth charleston-church-gunman-self-radical- expressions—that poses threats in terms of
ological Roots of the Republican Party and of Female Ascendance Is Hurting Women, ized-online/?utm_term=.0afcab8108f7. reproductive control, sexual harassment
its Shift to the Right in the 2016 Election,” Men—and Our Economy, New York: Tarcher/ 40. Adi Kochavi, “The Sad Heroification and assault, violence against women, work-
working draft, http://www.progressive- Penguin, 2013, p 7. of Elliot Rodger,” Vocative, May 25, 2014, place sexism and wage discrimination, and
movements.us/now/site-guide/research- 21. Danielle Paquette, “The alt-right isn’t http://www.vocativ.com/underworld/ other gender-based oppressions.
resources/#ideological. only about white supremacy. It’s about crime/sad-heroification-elliot-rodger/. 55. Matthew N. Lyons, “Alt-right: more
3. Matthew N. Lyons, “Notes on Women white male supremacy,” The Washington 41. Earl Holt III, “Media Interviews with misogynistic than many neonazis,” Three-
and the Right Wing,” ThreeWayFight, Oct Post, Nov 25, 2016, https://www.washing- the CofCC,” June 21, 2015, https://web.ar- WayFight, December 3, 2016, http://three-
1, 2005, http://threewayfight.blogspot. tonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/11/25/ chive.org/web/20150622033926/http:// wayfight.blogspot.com/2016/12/alt-right-
com/2005/10/notes-on-women-and-right- the-alt-right-isnt-just-about-white-suprem- conservative-headlines.com/2015/06/ more-misogynistic-than-many.html.
wing.html. acy-its-about-white-male-supremacy/. media-interviews-with-the-cofcc/. 56. Matthew N. Lyons, Ctrl-Alt-Delete:
4. Pam Chamberlain and Jean Hardisty, 22. Mariah Blake, ibid. 42. Roosh Valizadeh, “No One Would The origins and ideology of the Alternative
Reproducing Patriarchy: Reproductive Rights 23. Tom McKay, “College President’s Hor- Have Died If PUAHate Killer Elliot Rod- Right, Political Research Associates, Jan
Under Siege, Political Research Associates, rifying Rape Comments Are Basically Con- ger Learned Game,” Return of Kings, May 20, 2017, http://www.politicalresearch.
April 1, 2000, http://www.politicalre- servative Dogma,” The Daily Banter, Nov 12, 25, 2014, http://www.returnofkings. org/2017/01/20/ctrl-alt-delete-report-on-
search.org/2000/04/01/reproductive-pa- 2014, http://thedailybanter.com/2014/11/ com/36135/no-one-would-have-died- the-alternative-right/.
triarchy-reproductive-rights-under-siege/. college-presidents-horrible-remarks-cam- if-pua-hate-killer-elliot-rodger-learned- 57. Matt Forney, “Who Cares What
5. Political Research Associates, Defending pus-rape-basically-conservative-dogma/. game. Women Think” Alterative Right, Jan 29,
Reproductive Justice: An Activist Resource 24. Taylor Malmsheimer, “Conservatives 43. Charlotte Hays, “‘Toxic Feminism:’ 2015, http://alternative-right.blogspot.
Kit. (Somerville: Political Research Associ- Are Obsessed With Debunking the 1-in-5 Cathy Young Dissects the Bizarre Re- com/2015/01/who-cares-what-women-
ates, 2013), http://www.politicalresearch. Rape Statistic. They’re Wrong, Too,” New sponse to a Mass Murder”, Independent think.html.
org/resources/reports/full-reports/defend- Republic, June 27, 2014, https://newrepub- Women’s Forum, May 30, 2014, http:// 58. Matt Forney, “Why Feminists Want
ing-reproductive-justice-activist-resource- lic.com/article/118430/independent-wo- www.iwf.org/blog/2794091/%22Toxic- Men to Rape Them,” Matt Forney.com, Feb
kit-2/. mens-forum-challenges-one-five-statistic. Feminism:%22-Cathy-Young-Dissects- 26, 2016, http://mattforney.com/femi-
6. Political Research Associates, Defending 25. Nicole Grether, “Men’s right activ- the-Bizarre-Response-to-a-Mass-Murder. nists-want-men-rape/.
Reproductive Justice: An Activist Resource ist: Feminists have used rape ‘as a scam,’” 44. Katherine Cross, “What ‘GamerGate’ 59. Matthew N. Lyons, “Alt-right: more
Kit, (Somerville: Political Research Associ- Aljazeera America, June 6, 2014, http:// Reveals About the Silencing of Women,” misogynistic than many neonazis,” Three-
ates, 2013), http://www.politicalresearch. america.aljazeera.com/watch/shows/ Rewire, Sept 9 2014, https://rewire.news/ WayFight, December 3, 2016, http://three-
org/resources/reports/full-reports/defend- a m e r i c a - to n i g h t /a r t i c l e s / 2 0 1 4 / 6 / 6 / article/2014/09/09/gamergate-reveals- wayfight.blogspot.com/2016/12/alt-right-
ing-reproductive-justice-activist-resource- mena-s-rights-activistfeministshaveuse- silencing-women/. more-misogynistic-than-many.html.
kit-2/. drapeaasascama.html; Roni Caryn Rabin, 45. Caitlin Dewey, “The only guide to 60. Sarah Posner, “Meet the Alt-Right
7. Liz Welch, “6 Women on Their Terrify- “Nearly 1 in 5 Women in U.S. Survey Say Gamergate you will ever need to read,” The ‘Spokesman’ Who’s Thrilled With Trump’s
ing, Infuriating Encounters With Abor- They Have Been Sexually Assaulted,” De- Washington Post, Oct 14, 2014, https:// Rise,” Rolling Stone Magazine, October 18,
tion Clinic Protesters,” Cosmopolitan, Feb cember 14, 2011, http://www.nytimes. www.washingtonpost.com/news/the- 2016, http://www.rollingstone.com/poli-
21, 2014,http://www.cosmopolitan.com/ com/2011/12/15/health/nearly-1-in- intersect/wp/2014/10/14/the-only-guide- tics/features/meet-the-alt-right-spokes-
politics/news/a5669/abortion-clinic-pro- 5-women-in-us-survey-report-sexual-as- to-gamergate-you-will-ever-need-to- man-thrilled-by-trumps-rise-w443902.
testers/. sault.html?_r=0. read/?utm_term=.d3cb125407d0. 61. Danielle Paquette, “The alt-right isn’t
8. Caryl Rivers and Rosalind C. Barnett, The 26. Charlotte Hays, “Portrait of a Modern 46. Nadine Santoro, “USU Shooting only about white supremacy. It’s about
New Soft War on Women (New York: Tarcher, Feminist: Helen Smith,” Independent Wom- Threat: This Isn’t A Game,” Disrupting white male supremacy,” The Washington
2013), 85. en’s Forum, Sept 19, 2012, http://iwf.org/ Dinner Parties, Nov 10, 2014, https://dis- Post, Nov 25, 2016, https://www.washing-
9. Alex DiBranco, “Profiles On The Right: modern-feminist/2789205/Portrait-of-a- ruptingdinnerparties.com/2014/11/10/ tonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/11/25/
Americans United For Life,” Political Re- Modern-Feminist:-Helen-Smith. usu-shooting-threat-this-isnt-a- t h e - a l t- r i g h t- i s n t- j u s t- a b o u t- w h i t e -
search Associates, April 7, 2014, http:// 27. Alex DiBranco, “Men’s Rights Confer- game/#more-29965. supremacy-its-about-white-male-
www.politicalresearch.org/2014/04/07/ ence Host Says Women Who Drink & Dance 47. Jaclyn Friedman, “A Look Inside the supremacy/?utm_term=.25af1245eb6b.
profiles-on-the-right-americans-united- Are ‘Begging’ for Rape,” Political Research ‘Men’s Rights’ Movement That Helped 62. Aja Romano, “How the Alt-Right’s
for-life/. Associates, July 2, 2014, http://www.polit- Fuel California Alleged Killer Elliot Rod- Sexism Lures Men into White Supremacy,”
10. Kevin Cirilli, “Trump Reverses on icalresearch.org/2014/07/02/mens-rights- ger,” The American Prospect, Oct 24, 2013, Dec 14, 2016, http://www.vox.co m/cul-
Abortion Ban, Saying Doctors, Not Women, conference-host-says-women-who-drink- http://prospect.org/article/look-inside- ture/2016/12/14/13576192/alt-right-sex-
Would Be Punished,” Bloomberg Politics, dance-are-begging-for-rape; Adam Serwer mens-rights-movement-helped-fuel-cali- ism-recruitment.
March 30, 2016, http://www.bloomberg. and Katie J.M. Baker, “How Men’s Rights fornia-alleged-killer-elliot-rodger; Aman- 63. Carrie L Lucas, “One in Four? Rape
com/politics/articles/2016-03-30/trump- Leader Paul Elam Turned Being A Dead- da Hess, “Why Women Aren’t Welcome on myths do injustice, too,” Independent Wom-
says-abortion-ban-should-carry-punish- beat Dad Into A Moneymaking Movement,” the Internet,” Pacific Standard magazine, en’s Forum, April 27, 2006, http://www.
ment-for-women. Buzzfeed News, Feb 6, 2015, https://www. Jan 6, 2014, https://psmag.com/why- iwf.org/news/2432517/ One-in-Four-
buzzfeed.com/adamserwer/how-mens- women-aren-t-welcome-on-the-internet- Rape-myths-do-injustice-too#sthash.EOy-
11. Sarah Havard, “8 worst things Phyllis rights-leader-paul-elam-turned-being-a-
Schlafly ever said about women’s rights,” aa21fdbc8d6#.mdzlvrvd4. WF55L.dpuf.
deadbeat-dad?utm_term=.bvY2OY9yl. 48. Abby Ohlheiser, “Just how of- 64. Andrew Belonsky, “Michelle Bernard:
Identities.Mic, Sept 6, 2016, https://mic.
com/articles/153506/8-worst-things- 28. Comment on TheRedPill, an “official fensive did Milo Yiannopoulos have to ‘The Republican Party Needs to Find Its
phyllis-schlafly-ever-said-about-women-s- subreddit of TRP.RED”: https://www.red- be to get banned from Twitter?,” The Soul,’” Independent Women’s Forum, April 9,
rights. dit.com/r/TheRedPill/comments/12v1hf/ Washington Post, July 21, 2016, https:// 2009, http://www.iwf.org/news/2435006/
almost_a_hundred_subscribers_welcome_ w w w . wa s h i n g to n p o s t . c o m /n e w s / Michelle-Bernard:-’The-Republican-Party-
12. Josh Israel, “Women From Koch-Fund- newcomers/.
ed Conservative Groups Lambaste Equal Pay the-intersect/wp/2016/07/21/what-it- Needs-to-Find-Its-Soul’.
Measure,” Think Progress, April 9, 2014, 29. Matthew N. Lyons, “Jack Dono- takes-to-get-banned-from-twitter/?utm_ 65. Nia-Malika Henderson, “Donald
https://thinkprogress.org/women-from- van on men: a masculine tribalism for term=.69e3e83044cc. Trump’s nonexistent problem with GOP
koch-funded-conservative-groups-lam- the far right,” Three Way Fight, Nov 23, 49. Andrew Marantz, “Trolls for Trump,” women,” CNN, Sept 11, 2015, http://www.
baste-equal-pay-measure-d8eb0ea3edb7. 2015, http://threewayfight.blogspot. The New Yorker Magazine, Oct 31, 2016, cnn.com/2015/09/10/politics/donald-
com/2015/11/jack-donovan-on-men-mas- h t t p : //w w w . n e w yo r k e r . c o m /m a g a - trump-women/.
13. Lisa Graves, “Confirmation: the Not- culine-tribalism.html.
So Independent Women’s Forum Was Born zine/2016/10/31/trolls-for-trump. 66. Rich Hampson, “Exclusive: Fox an-
in Defense of Clarence Thomas and the Far 30. Dianna Anderson, “ MRAs for Jesus: A 50. Editorial Staff, “ThinkProgress will no chor Megyn Kelly describes scary, bullying
Right,” Center for Media and Democracy, Look Inside the Christian ‘Manosphere’,” longer describe racists as ‘alt-right’,” Think ‘Year of Trump’,” USA Today, Nov 15, 2016,
April 21, 2016, http://www.prwatch.org/ Rewire, Sept 30, 2014, https://rewire.news/ Progress, Nov 22, 2016, https://think- http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/
news/2016/04/13091/confirmation-how- article/2014/09/30/mras-jesus-look-in- progress.org/thinkprogress-alt-right-poli- politics/elections/2016/11/15/megyn-
not-so-independent-womens-forum-was- side-christian-manosphere/. cy-b04fd141d8d4#.av5b2ftsm. kelly-memoir-donald-trump-roger-ailes-
launched-aid-clarence. 31. Arthur Goldwag, Leader’s Suicide 51. Susan Faludi, “How Hillary Clin- president-fox-news/93813154/.
14. Alex DiBranco, “Who Speaks for Brings Attention to the Men’s Rights Move- ton Met Satan,” The New York Times, 67. Charlotte Hays, “Donald Trump
Conservative Women?,” Poltical Research ment,” Southern Poverty Law Center Intelli- Oct 29, 2016, http://www.nytimes. Breathes New Life into Left’s War on
Associates, June 9, 2015, http://www. gence Report, March 1, 2012, https://www. com/2016/10/30/opinion/sunday/how- Women,” March 18, 2016, Independent
politicalresearch.org/2015/06/09/who- splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence- hillary-clinton-met-satan.html?_r=4. Women’s Forum, http://www.iwf.org/
speaks-for-conservative-women/. report/2012/leader%E2%80%99s-sui- 52. John Daniszewski, “Writing about the news/2799633/Donald-Trump-Breathes-
cide-brings-attention-men%E2%80%99s- ‘alt-right’,” Associated Press, Nov 18, 2016, New-Life-into-Left%E2%80%99s-War-on-
15. Andrew Belonsky, “Michelle Bernard: rights-movement.
‘The Republican Party Needs to Find Its https://blog.ap.org/behind-the-news/ Women.
Soul,’” Independent Women’s Forum, April 9, 32. Nicky Woolf, “‘PUAhate’ and ‘Forever- writing-about-the-alt-right. Also, Josh 68. Christina Hoff Sommers, “‘Amoral
2009, http://www.iwf.org/news/2435006/ Alone’: inside Elliot Rodger’s online life,” Harkinson, “We Talked to Experts About masculinity’: a theory for understanding
Michelle-Bernard:-’The-Republican-Party- The Guardian, May 20, 2014, https://www. What Terms to Use for Which Group of Trump from feminist contrarian Christina
Needs-to-Find-Its-Soul’. theguardian.com/world/2014/may/30/ Racists,” Dec 8, 2016, http://www.moth- Hoff Sommers,” American Enterprise In-
elliot-rodger-puahate-forever-alone-reddit- erjones.com/politics/2016/12/definition- stitute, Nov 2, 2016 https://www.aei.org/
16. As my 2015 article, “Who Speaks for forums.
Conservative Women?” explains, neolib- alt-right-white-supremacist-white-nation- publication/amoral-masculinity-a-theory-
eral feminism share significant ideological 33. Mariah Blake, ibid. alist. for-understanding-trump-from-feminist-
similarities with equity feminism in deny- 34. Mark Potok, “War On Women,” 53. Linda Burnham, “The Absence of a contrarian-christina-hoff-sommers/.
ing the impact of structural forces and ar- Southern Poverty Law Center Intelligence Gender Justice Framework in Social Jus- 69. Dylan Byers, “Conservative fe-
guing that women can get ahead through Report, August 20, 2014, https://www. tice Organizing,” Center for the Education of male pundits want Donald Trump to fire
individual actions. splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence- Women: University of Michigan, July 2008, his campaign manager,” CNN Money,
17. Joan Walsh, “Meet the ‘Feminists’ Do- report/2014/war-women. http://www.cew.umich.edu/sites/default/ March 30, 2016, http://money.cnn.
ing the Koch Brothers’ Dirty Work,” The 35. Mark Potok, ibid. files/BurnhamFinalProject.pdf. com/2016/03/30/media/female-conserva-
Nation, August 18, 2016, https://www. 36. Rebecca Hersher, “Jury Finds 54. While the women of color-led “repro- tives-fire-corey-lewandowski/.
thenation.com/article/meet-the-feminists- Dylann Roof Guilty In S.C. Church ductive justice” framework advocated by 70. Maggie Haberman, Alexander Burns,
doing-the-koch-brothers-dirty-work/. Shooting,” NPR, December 15, 2016, organizations like SisterSong provides an and Ashley Parker, “Donald Trump Fires
18. Megan Rosenfeld, “Feminist Fa- http://w w w.npr.org/sections/thetwo- example for incorporating analysis of race, Corey Lewandowski, His Campaign Man-
tales,” The Washington Post, November 30, way/2016/12/15/505723552/jury-finds- gender, class, and other intersectional is- ager,” New York Times, June 20, 2016,
1995, https://www.washingtonpost.com/ dylann-roof-guilty-in-s-c-church-shooting. sues, it should not be expected to substitute http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/21/us/
archive/lifestyle/1995/11/30/feminist- 37. Mark Berman, ibid. for a gender justice and women’s human politics/corey-lewandowski-donald-trump.
fatales/cfd56f87-296b-4580-9d76-fcf- 38. Naomi Braine, “Terror Network or Lone rights frame in social justice organizing. html.
ba15c6296/. Wolf ?,” The Public Eye, Spring 2015, http:// Though intended to include economic is- 71. Eddie Scarry, “Trump defends Roger
22 • The Public Eye WINTER 2017endnotes Ailes from sexual harassment accusations,” content/stories/insight/2016/11/27/1- The Washington Examiner, July 14, 2016, trump-says-his-nominees-will-be-ready- http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/ar- to-take-on-roe-v-wade.html; Katie Van ticle/2596510. Syckle, “Here’s What a Trump Administra- 72. Sarah Posner, “How Stephen Bannon tion Could Mean for Campus Sexual As- Created an Online Haven for White Nation- sault,” New York Magazine, Jan 18, 2017, alists,” Mother Jones, Aug 2, 1016, http:// http://nymag.com/thecut/2017/01/what- www.theinvestigativefund.org/investiga- a-trump-administration-means-for-cam- tions/politicsandgovernment/2265/how_ pus-sexual-assault.html; Mark Landler, stephen_bannon_created_an_online_ha- “Transition Team’s Request on Gender ven_for_white_nationalists/. Equality Rattles State Dept.,” The New York 73. Cassandra Vinograd, “Breitbart’s Times, Dec 22, 2016, https://www.nytimes. Michelle Fields and Three Others Resign com/2016/12/22/us/politics/state-depart- Over Trump Incident”, NBC News, March ment-gender-equality-trump-transition. 14, 2016, http://www.nbcnews.com/ html; Spohia Tesfaye, “Donald Trump will news/us-news/breitbart-s-michelle-fields- adopt Heritage Foundation’s ‘skinny bud- b e n - s h a p i ro - re s i g n - ove r- t r u m p - i n c i - get’: Arts, violence against women funding dent-n537711. to be cut,” Salon, Jan 19, 2017, http://www. 74. Brendan Karet, “Right-Wing Civil War: salon.com/2017/01/19/donald-trump- Megyn Kelly Trades Barbs With Breitbart will-adopt-heritage-foundations-skinny- Editor-At-Large Over Dangers Of Empow- budget-arts-violence-against-women-fund- ering ‘Alt-Right,’ Media Matters for Amer- ing-to-be-cut/. ica, Dec 7, 2016, https://mediamatters. 87. Loretta Ross, “Women’s Rights Are org/blog/2016/12/07/right-wing-civil- Human Rights and the Women’s March on war-megyn-kelly-trades-barbs-breitbart- Washington,” Rewire, Jan 19, 2017, https:// editor-chief-over-dangers-empowering- rewire.news/article/2017/01/19/womens- alt/214754. rights-human-rights-womens-march- 75. Mike Cernovich, “16 Feminists washington/. Who Have Taken Over ‘Conserva- tive’ Media,” Danger & Play, March 30, 2 0 1 6 , h t t p s : //w w w . d a n g e r a n d p l a y . com/2016/03/30/16-feminists-who-have- taken-over-conservative-media/. 76. ExposedByCMDEditors, “‘Indepen- dent’ Women’s Group Backing Trump Skirts Law to Influence Election,” Center For Media and Democracy, Nov 1, 2016, http://www. exposedbycmd.org/2016/10/25/indepen- dent-womens-group-backing-trump-skirts- law-influence-elections/. 77. Tracy Clark-Flory and Leigh Cuen, “Donald Trump Has The Pickup Artist Vote In The Bag,” Vocative, Aug 24, 2015, http:// www.vocativ.com/224810/donald-trump- anti-feminist-pickup-artists/. 78. Tim Hains, “Trump: Men Today ‘Are Petrified To Speak To Women Any- more,’ ‘Women Get It Better Than We Do, Folks’” Real Clear Politics, May 8, 2016, http://www.realclearpolitics.com/vid- eo/2016/05/08/trump_remember_this_ when_you_see_hillarys_phony_paid-for- by-wall_street_ads.html. 79. Matt Forney, “Why You Should Shun Girls Who Support Abortion,” Return of Kings, Aug 18, 2016, http://archive.is/zQw x4#selection-769.269-769.363. 80. Hesse Kassel, “5 Lines That Potential Wives Cannot Cross,” Return of Kings, Nov 11, 2014, http://www.returnofkings. com/47540/5-lines-that-potential-wives- cannot-cross. 81. Amanda Marcotte, “Missouri law- maker uses ‘men’s rights’ talking points to justify abortion restriction,” Raw Story, Dec 17, 2014, http://www.rawstory. com/2014/12/missouri-lawmaker-uses- mens-rights-talking-points-to-justify-abor- tion-restriction/. 82. Melissa Jeltsen, “Trump’s Election Raises Fears Of Increased Violence Against Women,” The Huffington Post, Nov 15, 2016, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ entry/trump-women-rights-violence-fears_ us_582a0f63e4b02d21bbc9f186. 83. Hatewatch Staff, “Update: 1,094 Bias- Related Incidents in the Month Following the Election,” Southern Poverty Law Center, Dec 16, 2016, https://www.splcenter.org/ hatewatch/2016/12/16/update-1094-bias- related-incidents-month-following-elec- tion. 84. Cassie Miller and Alexandra Werner- Winslow, “Ten Days After: Harassment and Intimidation in the Aftermath of the Election,” Southern Poverty Law Center, Nov 29, 2016, https://www.splcenter. org/20161129/ten-days-after-harassment- and-intimidation-aftermath-election; Ben Mathis-Lilley, “Trump Was Recorded in 2005 Bragging About Grabbing Women ‘by the Pussy,’” Slate, October 7, 2016, http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slat- est/2016/10/07/donald_trump_2005_ tape_i_grab_women_by_the_pussy.html. 85. Ryan J. Reilly, “Jeff Sessions Now Ad- mits Grabbing A Woman By The Genitals Is Sexual Assault,” The Huffington Post, Jan 10, 2017, http://www.huffingtonpost. com/entry/jeff-sessions-trump-sexual- assault_us_58753f08e4b043ad97e64369; Scott Glover, “Colleague, transcripts of- fer closer look at old allegations of racism against Sen. Jeff Sessions” CNN, Jan 10 2017, http://www.cnn.com/2016/11/18/ politics/jeff-sessions-racism-allegations/. 86. Alex Brandon, “Trump says his Su- preme Court nominees will be ready to take on abortion ruling,” The Columbus Dispatch, Nov 27, 2016, http://www.dispatch.com/ WINTER 2017 Political Research Associates • 23
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