Martina Eaton: Speaking Out Advocate & Proud LGBTIQ Community Member 18/06/2020 - The Well Resource
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Martina Eaton: Speaking Out Advocate & Proud
LGBTIQ Community Member
18/06/2020
(Re)shaping Respect
18/06/2020
Introduction
Purpose & focus
• Support increased focus on prevention of violence against
LGBTIQ people – including young people
• Strengthened focus on LGBTIQ women in regional PVAW
partnerships and action plans
• Increase your knowledge of useful resources
• Encourage collaboration
Session overview
• What we know – literature
• Reshaping Respect research findings
• Other initiatives
• Implications for prevention
18/06/2020
18/06/2020
PREVENTION OF VIOLENCE
& FAMILY VIOLENCE
AGAINST LGBTI PEOPLE
LITERATURE
Dr Philomena Horsley
Gender and Women’s Health Unit
Melbourne School of Population and Global
Health, University of Melbourne
18/06/2020
Preventing family violence against
people from LGBTI communities
Yvonne Lay and Dr Philomena Horsley
February 2018
18/06/2020
18/06/2020
WHAT DO WE KNOW?
Violence based on sex, sexuality and
gender diversity:
Individually experienced
Collectively experienced
Institutional / structural
Different forms are interconnected
Different identities affect rates of violence
Intersection of identities compound rates of
violence
18/06/2020
INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH
Meta-analysis of 65 studies that compare LGB and
heterosexual groups re. experiences of violence*
- LGB individuals significantly more likely to be
bullied, discriminated against, physically and
sexually assaulted, verbally and emotionally
abused, and threatened
- Occurs in variety of settings incl. school, family,
workplace, public spaces, health care settings
*Katz-Wise, S. L., & Hyde, J. S. (2012) Victimization experiences of lesbian,
gay, and bisexual individuals: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sex, 49, 142-167
18/06/2020
Experience of sexual coercion in
Australia by sexuality*
Heterosexual Lesbian/Gay Bisexual
Women (2003) 21% 35% 49%
Women (2014) 21% 32% 48%
Men (2014) 4% 17% 17%
*Have you ever been forced or frightened by a male or female into doing
something sexual that you didn’t want to do? (20,000+ people, aged 16-69)
18/06/2020
The Australian Study of Health and Relationships (2014, 2003)Sexual coercion and gender
diversity
Higher rates of sexual violence
experienced by transgender people
compared to LGB and cisgender
people. (Wirtz et al. 2018; James et al., 2016)
Higher rates of sexual violence for
trans people assigned female at birth
– trans men and nonbinary people –
compared with those assigned male at
birth. (Callender et al., 2019)
18/06/2020Sexual harassment - Australian Human Rights
Commission (2017, 2018)
LGBT people much more likely to:
be sexually harassed in the workplace
over the last five years than those who
identify as heterosexual people (52% v
31%).
be sexually harassed in lifetime –
90% of bisexual,
89% non-binary
83% of gay or lesbian,
70% of people who identify as straight or
heterosexual
18/06/2020Stalking and online abuse
- LGBTIQ individuals reported higher levels of
experiencing stalking behaviours than
heterosexual individuals
- Behaviours tended towards the more serious end of
scale (eg. verbal abuse, physical harm, forced
sexual contact and threats)
- Image-based abuse higher for LGB
Australians than heterosexual Australians –
36% v 21%+
*(Sheridan et al., 2016; Henry et18/06/2020
al, 2017)Intimate Partner Violence
LGBTQ population has similar or higher rate of
IPV than cis-het population
32% of LBQ Sydney women reported
experiencing intimate partner violence from a
woman (Mooney-Somers et al. 2017).
Bisexuality identity is a major risk factor for
women (2-3 x rate of IPV, incl SV, than L or Het women)
Higher prevalence of ‘dating’ violence or IPV
among LGBT teens and young adults than their
cis-het peers 18/06/2020Family violence – family of origin
Nearly half (42%) of UK LGBT people have
been subjected to homophobia, biphobia or
transphobia from family members (Donovan et
al., 2014)
24% of Australians aged 14 to 21 have
experienced homophobic abuse at home.
(Hillier et al., 2012).
Coming out to family members can be a
very dangerous time for LGBTIQ people of
all ages
18/06/2020Intersectional approaches: Including LGBTI people in our
understanding of family violence
Sex
Socio-economic
status
Gender
Age
Sexuality
Ability
Race/EthnicityCALD LGBTIQ+ people and family - Sydney
45% had experienced violence from family
members as result of their sex, sexuality, or
gender identity
Most commonly at time of coming out to family
24% currently/previously afraid of family
members or fearful of their safety due to:
Verbal abuse and physical assault, intimidation and
threats to kill, exile from family, conversion
therapy/”faith healing”]
, [Asquith et al. 2019]
18/06/2020Family, CALD & Faith
Extremely negative due to conservative Catholic
family. (22-year-old, cis woman, lesbian, Christian,
Vietnamese).
Poor attitudes, strong religious values. They think
people who are trans and non-binary are not
people at all. (25-year-old, non-binary, lesbian, Christian,
Vietnamese).
My mother, brother and stepfather disowned me
and kicked me out when I came out. (38-year-old,
cis woman, lesbian, Christian, Italian)
Immediate family is okay but wider family will not
be okay. (27-year-old, cis woman, lesbian,
Christian/Muslim, Australian)
[Asquith et al. 2019]
18/06/2020Settings: risks of discrimination,
harassment, violence
Public spaces
Esp. for couples,
trans and non-binary
Workplaces
Services, incl health
and community
Education settings
Public transport
Family home
18/06/2020OUR WATCH: Guiding principles for activities to prevent family violence against LGBTI people • Engage and include LGBTI people in the planning, design, implementation of all prevention efforts • Address the structural drivers of violence against LGBTI people • Uphold and promote human rights • Be inclusive of the diversity of LGBTI people and communities in all universal prevention efforts • Adopt an intersectional approach that acknowledges and responds to the diversity and diverse needs within LGBTI communities • Be specific about who prevention efforts are tailored for • Ensure planning allows time, space and resources for ongoing critical reflection, and reflective practice • Be open to synergies with other fields of prevention work • Identification and balancing of risks and benefits • Be evidence-based and evidence-building
Dr Philomena Horsley
Gender and Women’s Health Unit
Melbourne School of Population and Global
Health, University of Melbourne
18/06/2020(Re)shaping Respect Research Findings
TFER Community of Practice 18/06/2020Re(shaping) Respect
Research Methods:
• Advisory committee established and
Philomena Horsley engaged as a research
and project consultant
• Young leader
• Ethics approval sought
• Literature review
• 4 workshops with LGBTIQ young people
aged 16 – 25 yrs
• Analysis
Report available http://whe.org.au/wp-
content/uploads/sites/3/2019/12/2019.12.04-
VFER-Report-WEB.pdf
18/06/2020(Re)shaping Respect
Key Focus Areas for the workshops:
• Young people’s understanding and views on what is
a healthy, equal and respectful relationships
• Young people’s thoughts on ways LGBTIQ intimate
partner relationships may be similar of different to
heterosexual cisgender relationships
• Young people’s identification of prevention
strategies around LGBTIQ family violence
18/06/2020(Re)shaping Respect Findings
Healthy, Equal & Respectful Relationships
The top 4 qualities identified were:
1. Communication
2. Safety
3. Boundaries
4. Autonomy & Equity
18/06/2020(Re)shaping Respect Findings
Healthy, Equal & Respectful Relationships
1. Communication – no. 1 priority - honest, trusting, feelings
and needs
“Pronouns – that’s a huge thing in the community… A really
great quality is to ask people’s boundaries and pronouns and
things like that. Also for people not to get offended when you
ask them their identity… because I would rather someone just
ask what my identity is than just assume it."
18/06/2020(Re)shaping Respect Findings
Healthy, Equal & Respectful Relationships
"I was in a relationship where we didn't really communicate
anything and I didn't actually know they were asexual the
whole time because it was just never something that
was brought up. So that's one of the reasons that the
relationship ended up failing, because we didn't communicate
enough. ... I was going into the relationship, like okay, it's going
to be a romantic relationship. All cool. All cool. It's gonna be
chill. And then like nothing changed and we just stayed friends."
18/06/2020(Re)shaping Respect Findings
Healthy, Equal & Respectful Relationships
2. Safety
"Feeling comfortable and safe around them. Not feeling like you’re going to
be in harm’s way. Just being able to talk to your partner or whoever you’re
in a relationship with. Just like being able to express yourself without having
to feel, like, something negative’s going to happen to you.“
“I’ve come to a point where I've had to cut ties with family because it got
too toxic or it just wasn't beneficial like to me. It wasn't even on like a
neutral scale. It was just too bad. I got a lot of hate because it's like, ‘family
is family, blood is blood’, you know? I think relationships get to a point
where they can't be made again.”
18/06/2020(Re)shaping Respect Findings
Healthy, Equal & Respectful Relationships
2. Safety
“I missed a lot of school and just ended up dropping out. But before
that part I would come back for like a day and get stuff thrown at
me. Like people would yell at me and stuff and I go to school and be
like, ‘This isn't okay.”
"Being trans literally, like just going out in certain suburbs, it's a risk
against you. Because you don't know who's going to be there, you
don't know what type of people are gonna see you, or will want to
do something [bad]... So it feels like you're always walking around
with a target on your back”
18/06/2020(Re)shaping Respect Findings
Healthy, Equal & Respectful Relationships
3. Boundaries – physical and social
"So, I don't like touchy feely [behaviour] with family members.
People I like, I have to have a strong trust with them, and even
then I may not like people touching me. So growing up, you
always have your family and you have to hug them to greet
them because it's a loving thing. And me having to put up a
wall, I'm not comfortable with that, you know. And then never
getting defensive, well, the family are like ‘You don't love us’,
you know.”
18/06/2020(Re)shaping Respect Findings
Healthy, Equal & Respectful Relationships
4. Autonomy and Equity
"I’m disabled, I can’t physically do as much stuff as an abled body person
can. But that doesn’t mean my position in any kind of relationship, whether
it be platonic or romantic or whatever is lesser. Like everyone should be on
the same level, so I guess equity.“
"There’s still that mutual respect and understanding and listening to each
other, and understanding that two people have two different experiences
and that people have autonomy in the situation despite the power
dynamic… They have the autonomy to say what they want and the respect
[of other person] is taking that on board."
18/06/2020(Re)shaping Respect Findings
Comparing LGBTIQ relationships and CIS HET
relationships
"I think one of the positive things about LGBT relationships is that like we're
not always boxed in with the standard male/female roles - let's kind of make
it up for yourself, you know. Like it's not, in most cases, as binary. It can be
fun, like people take on different roles and stuff. With my relationship with
my partner, I'm the one who kills the spiders! Having same sex relationships,
it’s kind of like there’s not a pre-idea of what it's going to be...”
18/06/2020(Re)shaping Respect Findings
Comparing LGBTIQ relationships and CIS HET
relationships
• Smaller dating pool
• Concealment of relationships
• Other impacts of heterosexism – societal
prejudice
"No matter how people identify, it’s harder to be in a queer
relationship"
18/06/2020(Re)shaping Respect Findings
Prevention of LGBTIQ family violence – what young
LGBTIQ people want
• More support and resources for young people and their families
• Schools
• More role models
• Inclusive and responsive services
• Social change
• Safe spaces
• More research on their issues
18/06/2020WOMEN’S HEALTH EAST
Kristine Olaris
E: kolaris@whe.org.au
a: 1/125 George Street, Doncaster East VIC 3109
w: www.whe.org.au
18/06/2020Implications for Prevention
Implications for prevention
18/06/2020Implications for prevention
Our Watch highlights the following:
• Inequality and power imbalances which result from
heteronormativity and binary concepts of gender and sex
play a central role in driving violence and create the social
context that condones violence and discrimination
against LGBTIQ people and communities
• Understanding the intersections of the binary concepts of
gender, sex and sexuality is critical to the understanding
and prevention of all forms of violence against women
and family violence
18/06/2020Implications for prevention
‘intimate partner violence is intimately
connected to male dominance and sexism
even if an abuser is not male, because
intimate partner violence occurs within a
culture, created by men, that condones
violence as a strategy for dominant people to
control subordinate people’
18/06/2020Intersectional practice
18/06/2020From theory to practice
Prevention practitioners:
• Ensure the inclusion of LGBTIQ women as a focus in prevention of
violence against women initiatives
• Address gender inequality because patriarchal systems disadvantage
everyone, including LGBTIQ people
• Focus on schools as an important setting for prevention action for
LGBTIQ young people, due to high prevalence of reported abuse
including transphobia, biphobia and homophobia
• Continue to build evidence through well documented and evaluated
programs and initiatives
18/06/2020From theory to practice
Working with LGBTIQ young people:
• Be aware of the young person’s need for personal space
and possibly other social and physical boundaries
particularly for trans and gender diverse individuals
• Be conscious that young people may not have an
awareness of what constitutes violence in LGBTIQ
relationships, which may involve different dynamics to
cisgender, heterosexual relationships
18/06/2020From theory to practice
Additional suggestions for teachers:
• Use LGBTIQ specific case studies and examples
provided in the Respectful Relationships teaching and
learning materials
18/06/2020From theory to practice
• Challenge expectations about relationships only being heterosexual
and between cisgender people
• Challenge rigid adherence to binary gender stereotypes and roles
which underpin patriarchy and heterosexism
• Recognise, value and celebrate LGBTIQ people, relationships and
queer culture
• Promote equality and respect for people of all genders in
relationships and in public life
• Build an equitable representation of LGBTIQ people in positions of
responsibility and authority across all levels of society
• Challenge the condoning of violence against LGBTIQ people
18/06/2020Supporting partner orgs
18/06/2020WOMEN’S HEALTH EAST
Autumn Pierce
E: apierce@whe.org.au
a: 1/125 George Street, Doncaster East VIC 3109
w: www.whe.org.au
18/06/2020Step Up: A Guide for Practice From the
Voices of LGBTIQ Young People‘Step Up: A Guide for Practice From the
Voices of LGBTIQ Young People’
Key Features
• Useful terminology
• LGBTIQ young peoples voices and
experiences
• Tips for allyship
• Suggestions and recommendations for
practice
• List of services for young people
18/06/2020There is something in this resource
for everyone!
18/06/2020Women’s Health East
p: (03) 9851 3700
a: 1/125 George Street,
Doncaster East VIC 3109
w: www.whe.org.au
18/06/2020You can also read
