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EN, Edition 2021
EN
LUX NEWS B.E.G.’s in-house
magazine
Lighting control
with DALI-SYS
Interview
VOC sensors
Zone control
with KNX
Reference projects
First hospital with Minergie- Maintenance via smartphone – The use of cost-efficient lighting
Eco-Standard certification Efficient lighting control at control in the Bürgerwiese
Imperial College London grammar school, Dresden
R O N ME
VI
EN
N
T
LuxoNews
Dipl.-Ing. Friedrich Brück
Founder and Managing Director at B.E.G.
Dear readers,
whether it is a new building or a renovation, If you are equipping a refurbished property, with
no major construction project is planned today B.E.G. DALI-LINK we have the quick and easy
without a well thought-out building automation solution for retrofitting building automation.
system. This involves much more than just swit-
ching the light on and off appropriately. Modern Our experts also have their say: Head of
systems network all components with each Technical Sales Marcel Kellermann talks about
other, from the luminaires to the shading and air next-generation BIM project planning in an
conditioning. interview.
To make automation comfortable, the environ- KNX product manager Christoph Börsch
ment is included in the control. Sensors detect, provides an insight into demand-based and
for example, presence, brightness, wind, tem- efficient temperature control with the new
perature, etc. and thus enable the system to KNX VOC sensor from the OCCULOG® family.
react appropriately to the environment. This In addition, operations manager Thomas
creates the impression of an intelligent control Nöthen answers frequently asked questions
system. Humans can override the automatic about our products.
control at any time.
Read our three practical examples to see what
But how can optimal lighting control be realised? successful building automation can look like.
We get to the bottom of this question in our The Bürgerspital Solothurn (CH) achieved
technical articles in this issue. Read how ligh- its energy label with the use of B.E.G. KNX
ting systems can be planned correctly and occupancy detectors, among other things. The
get to the bottom of the phenomenon of high efficient lighting control at Imperial College
inrush currents with us.. London (GB) was implemented with DALI oc-
cupancy detectors from B.E.G. Our occupancy
Learn more about the modular, networkable and motion detectors also contribute to energy
and scalable B.E.G. DALI-SYS lighting control efficiency in the Bürgerwiese grammar school
system, exclusively and individually planned in Dresden (DE).
by our B.E.G. experts.
I hope you enjoy reading!
We will show you how perfectly coordinated
light control works using the example of zone F. Brück
control with KNX.
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LuxoNews
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
1 Technology
Inrush currents 4
2 Lighting control
with DALI-SYS 9
3 Reference project
Bürgerspital Solothurn 12
4 Interview
BIM-Suite 14
5 Maintenance via smartphone
Lighting control at Imperial College London 16
Lighting control
with DALI-SYS
6 Interview
The new KNX VOC sensor 18
7 Multi-room solution
DALI-LINK Example: Medical practice 20
8 Reference project
Bürgerwiese Grammar School 22
9 Zone control
with KNX 24
10 FAQ
with Thomas Nöthen 26
11 Imprint 27
VOC-Sensors
Interview with Christoph Börsch
3
LuxoNews
Planning lighting systems correctly
Reasons and solutions for the phenomenon of high inrush currents
Ballasts are needed to start and of the electronic ballasts, the luminaires are Resistive loads
operate energy-saving light sources no longer operated at 50 Hz, but at frequen- With resistive loads (e.g. halogen and incande-
cies up to 50,000 Hz. At the same time, the scent lamps), no phase shift occurs between
such as LED and halogen lamps. Due
charge carriers are constantly present. current and voltage in an AC circuit. The resis-
to the increased use of ECGs and tance value can vary during operation. When
energy-saving lamps, problems with cold, i.e. when switched on, the resistance of
high inrush currents are occurring ECGs offer further advantages: an incandescent lamp is lower than when it is
– a longer lamp life heated up and glowing. This is why they are
more and more frequently. Swit-
– the possibility of direct current operation also called PTC thermistors. When a halogen
ches, fuses or relays must be able (emergency operation) lamp is switched on, the current can be 15
to withstand these current peaks. – No reactive current compensation required times higher than the specified rated current.
Achim Mauracher, Head of Product – a flicker-free start of the lamp
The higher the working temperature and the
Management at B.E.G., gives an purity of the metals of the filaments, the higher
overview of causes and solutions. ECGs represent a capacitive load in the mains the inrush current. The heating of the filaments
and they can be the cause of high inrush currents. extends over several periods of the AC voltage.
There are different reasons for the occurrence of When planning larger installations today, not Thus, it is hardly possible to reduce the inrush
high inrush currents. One reason can be that the only the rated current but also the inrush current by switching at the voltage minimum
material ofthe consumer has a different resistance current must be taken into account. The rated of the AC voltage (zero crossing).
in the cold state than in the warm state. These current is the electrical current drawn by elec-
differences can be considerable, for example, trical equipment when the equipment is sup- Capacitive loads
the cold resistance of halogen lamps is up to 15 plied with the rated voltage and delivers its rated With capacitive loads (e.g. ECG), the voltage
times smaller than the warm resistance. Heating power. A 60 W light bulb has a rated current lags behind the current and is 90° out of phase
takes around 5 ms, during which the power grid consumption of 0.26 A at 230 V. The inrush with purely capacitive, ideal loads. A capacitor
must withstand the high inrush current. With current is the current that flows immediately is arranged in the input circuit of an ECG,
LEDs, the inrush current can be much higher. after an electrical product is switched on. De- which is charged via a bridge rectifier and
However, it also takes less than 1 ms. pending on the load, this can be greater or supplies the operating voltage (DC voltage) to
less than the rated current. the ECG. At the moment of switching on, the
Lamps and ballasts are constantly being de- empty capacitor acts like a short circuit and
veloped and improved, as the total energy Loads and their influence on inrush thus causes a high inrush current. The greater
consumption of the luminaire is made up of the currents the capacitance of the capacitor, the greater
lamp and the ballast. With (modern) electronic In order to be able to reliably plan a project, the this current can become. In addition, the
ballasts, 49 W lamps today achieve the same loads with their different characteristics must switch-on time also affects the size of the
brightness that previously required 58 W. be well known. In an AC grid, a distinction is made current: Switching on at the voltage maximum
Moreover, thanks to better luminous efficacy, between three types of loads: resistive, capacitive of the AC voltage is significantly less favour-
intrinsic losses are reduced to only 3 to 9 W. and inductive. Each has a different effect on able than at the voltage zero crossing.
Due to the semiconductor power electronics the current flow and possible inrush currents.
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LuxoNews
The inrush current of ECGs can be up to 50 times Impact of the power grid No standard for the reduction of
the rated current. Single-lamp ECGs with T5/T8 The structure of the power grid plays a decisive inrush currents
lamps can usually cause inrush currents of role with regard to the effect of high inrush At best, high inrush currents should be avoided,
15-50 A with a pulse time of 120-200 μs. currents. We speak of soft or hard grids. A soft but this is not always possible. In the field of ligh-
grid results in a high internal resistance and ting, we are first faced with the problem that
Inductive loads low inrush currents. With a hard grid it is exactly the specification of the inrush current for ECGs
If a DC voltage is applied to an inductive com- the opposite. Its low internal resistance results is currently not standardised, as it depends on
ponent (a coil), the inrush current increases in high inrush currents. Whether a grid is soft the impedance. There are also no legal require-
slowly at first because the induced counter- or hard is influenced by system-specific factors: ments to reduce inrush currents to a minimum.
voltage counteracts the applied voltage (Lenz‘s the proximity to the nearest mains transformer, ECGs with up to 60 A inrush current are cur-
law). A high inrush current therefore does not the cable thicknesses used, the cable lengths, rently available on the market, whereby the
occur. With AC voltages, the current rushes the way the cables are laid, the number of con- inrush currents also depend on the light
after the voltage and is 90° out of phase with sumers and their type (capacitive, inductive, source used. Therefore, high-quality circuit
purely inductive, ideal loads. Each coil, since resistive). breakers or contactors must be installed in
it usually consists of wound copper wire, has buildings and actuators with powerful relays
an ohmic resistance value that reduces the If direct current flows through the line, the must be used. This is often done at the expense
short-circuit current when the AC voltage is current flow depends almost only on the of size or price. It is therefore important to pay
switched on. Due to this and due to Lenz‘s law, ohmic resistance. The shape of the line has attention to quality products with low inrush
a maximum of twice the nominal current can no influence on the current strength. If a high currents during the planning stage.
flow in ideal coils after the AC voltage is current is required, the line must be corres-
switched on (in the case of coils without an iron pondingly thick. This corresponds to a small
In addition to rated current and
core). However, switching off the voltage is direct current resistance (see picture direct
design, circuit breakers are also
more critical here, as energy is stored in the current). If, on the other hand, the current is
differentiated according to trip-
built-up magnetic field. In the worst case, suddenly needed (impulse), its strength is de-
ping characteristics:
this energy can cause high voltages and arcs. termined and limited by the shape of the line
To avoid arcing/burning, switching off at zero (width and surface). The resistance at the end B – standard line protection
current is optimal. of the line is not important at first. What is C – for higher inrush current (machines and
decisive is the impedance, i.e. the resistance lamp groups)
that the line offers to an alternating or impulse D – s trongly inductive or capacitive loads
Much more critical are coils with iron cores. current flowing into it. This value is a charac- (transformers, solenoids, electronic
Toroidal transformers are often used for low- teristic of the line and does not increase with ballasts).
voltage halogen lamps. They have a very good the length of the line (see figure pulse current).
efficiency, hardly hum and can be used with a
phase control dimmer. Iron has the ability to
store magnetism. The residual magnetism,
the so-called remanence, remains in the iron
after the operating voltage is switched off.
The magnetisation of the iron core takes place
in time with the applied AC voltage frequency.
The remanence depends on the moment of
switching off the AC voltage, which is why a
lot or little energy can be stored in the iron.
If the iron core has reached its saturation, i.e.
the maximum remanence, when it is switched
off and is now switched on again with the
half-wave, which has the same polarity as the
remanence, inrush currents of up to 50 times
the nominal current can occur. The iron in the
transformer core continues to be magnetised
in the same direction as before, but has already
reached saturation or maximum remanence.
This means that the transformer now has no
inductive resistance and is a short circuit.
5
LuxoNews
Protection against high inrush cur- For the industrial sector, the switching capacity bridged by a switching contact. This (additional)
rents with presence/motion detectors specifications AC1 and AC3 have become esta- switching contact now only has to carry the
In automated buildings, products are no longer blished. These are described in the standard rated current and is usually designed with a
switched by means of simple wall switches. DIN EN 60947-4-1 (contactors and motor starters). low switching capacity (see picture Inrush
With a KNX bus, for example, actuators switch The utilisation category AC1 refers to the swit- Current Limiter).
relays in response to a telegram. With an occu- ching of resistive loads (up to cos phi = 0.8) and
pancy/motion detector, relays close automati- the category AC3 to the switching of inductive
cally if movement is detected in the room. The loads (cos phi = 0.45). In building technology,
relays are therefore the components that are category AX devices are used because of the
exposed to the high inrush currents. capacitive loads; these are described in DIN EN
60669 (switches for household). For 6 A devices,
With simple relays that only have a contact a test with 70 μF and for devices larger than 6 A,
made of silver-tin oxide, there is a risk that a test with 140 μF is required. Devices of utili-
the contact will weld due to the high current. sation category C load are suitable for fluore-
B.E.G. uses Schrack’s RT.3T relay for its detec- scent lamps up to 200 μF.
tors. This relay switches with two switching
processes: First, a tungsten pre-contact clo- Reduction with Inrush Current Limiter Both the inrush current limiter and the occu-
ses, which absorbs the large inrush currents. An inrush current limiter is a resistor that is pancy/motion detector have a switching relay,
The silver-tin-oxide contact that closes later connected first in the supply line of electronic whereby the weaker relay determines the
takes over the rated current. The following loads. It reduces the inrush current. In its sim- maximum rated current (example: the detector
information can be taken from the relay data plest form, this is an NTC resistor connected in can switch 3,600 W, the limiter only 690 W).
sheet: Rated current 16 A, during the first 20 series with the load. An NTC resistor (resistor
ms max. 165 A. Unfortunately, it is not pos- with a strongly negative temperature coeffi-
sible to draw a direct conclusion from this cient) is highly resistive at first and thus limits Reduction with zero-crossing circuit
relay data as to which currents the entire the inrush current. The current heats up the Ohm‘s law describes the relationship between
device can handle. Other factors such as the resistor, greatly reducing its resistance value voltage U, current I and resistance R (U = R x I).
form and level of the relay‘s excitation volta- (up to 1/15). With this simple solution, the NTC The 230 V mains voltage is an alternating
ge, the thickness of the conductor path bet- resistor is constantly in the supply line. Conse- voltage which, in the ideal case, represents a
ween the terminals and the relay, or possibly quently, losses occur here in normal operation sine wave with a period of 20 ms (50 Hz). It
other protective circuits installed in the device (after the inrush current has died down), as oscillates between the values 0 V, +325 V, 0 V
(e.g. zero-crossing detection) play a role here. its resistance does not reduce to 0 Ohm. The and -325 V (corresponds to 230 V effective).
However, the leading tungsten contact does larger the connected load, the larger the rated If a capacitive load is switched on at the peak
not provide protection against arcing effects, current, and thus the losses at the NTC resistor point, i.e. at +/-325 V, the maximum inrush
as these occur when inductors are switched off. also increase. current occurs. If it is switched on at zero
crossing, i.e. at 0 V, there is no inrush current
When using ECGs with 50 A inrush current, (with capacitive loads, current and voltage are
even the RT.3T relay has already reached its 90° out of phase).
power limit with three ECGs. Here, additional High inrush currents caused by capacitive
contactors connected downstream of the relay loads can be reduced by a zero-crossing circuit.
contact offer a solution. Contactors are designed Here, the AC voltage is analysed, whereby zero
for high switching capacities. They have arc ex- crossings and the time between them must
tinction chambers and tie rods instead of hinged be detected. With a 230 V/50 Hz mains, a
armatures. However, their use incurs additional zero-crossing occurs periodically every 10 ms.
costs that must be taken into account. If a zero crossing is detected, it can be assumed
that the next one will occur after 10 ms. Such
Use categories can be a decision- an analysis can be done, for example, by an
making aid After switching off the load, the NTC resistor optocoupler and a microcontroller.
One possible decision-making aid for the selec- must cool down so that it can fulfil its protec-
tion of switchgear is the so-called utilisation tive function again. If the load is only switched A relay consists of mechanical parts that have
category. Especially in building system techno- off briefly and then switched on again, the an inertia. If the coil of a relay is activated,
logy, performance categories are formed that NTC resistor no longer has a protective effect. the contacts of the relay close with a delay
cover typical applications. Typical applications To reduce losses during normal operation, of 5-20 ms (acceleration of the armature and
are, for example, motor loads or fluorescent higher-quality inrush current limiters have flight time of the switching tongues/lead
lamps. These performance classes are laid an additional relay contact. At the moment of time). If the lead time is known and if it is also
down in national and international standards switch-on, an NTC resistor continues to absorb known when the next zero crossing is to be
and must be verified by defined tests. the peak currents, after which the resistor is expected, the microcontroller can determine
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LuxoNews
when it has to activate the relay. The lead Circuits that switch on the load when the voltage
time can be determined in different ways. In crosses zero are optimally suited for capacitive
the simplest case, it can be found in the relay‘s loads, i.e. ECGs. They do not provide protection
data sheet. However, the lead time is not a for inductive loads. For these, switching off
constant value, it depends on the level of the should take place at the zero-crossing of the
coil voltage, mechanical variations due to the current. This avoids voltage peaks that can occur
manufacturing (tolerances) or the wear of the during the reduction of the magnetic field and
contacts (ageing process). The most accurate cause arcs at the relay contacts.
time can only be achieved by permanent re-
measurement. This creates a control loop that A good solution are circuits that recognise the
constantly optimises the activation time for connected load. Universal dimmers, for example,
the relay (see picture zero-crossing circuit). check whether the connected load is capacitive
or inductive and then switch accordingly in
The principle of the zero-crossing circuit can be the leading edge phase or the trailing edge
implemented in various ways. The more precisely phase. However, integrating such automatic
the zero-crossing is hit, the lower the inrush cur- load detection into switch actuators or occu-
rents. However, hitting the zero-crossing exactly pancy/motion detectors does not currently
implies a higher effort and thus higher manufac- have a cost/benefit ratio.
turing costs.
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LuxoNews
Conclusion
The question of how many electronic ballasts
can be connected to a switchgear cannot be
answered in a general way. The system- and
application-specific factors depend neither on
the manufacturer of the switchgear nor on
the manufacturer of the ECG.
For capacitive loads, e.g. ballasts, the sum of
the inrush currents limits the number of units.
The inrush current also depends on system-
specific factors, such as the type of supply
network (soft/hard grid). The rated current
consumption is rather subordinate, but must
still be taken into account. Only a limited
number of ballasts can therefore be connec-
ted to circuit breakers, occupancy/motion
detectors or switch actuators (see Conclusion
picture).
Load Switchgear
Resistive, inductive, capacitive Technical data
Rated power, inrush currents
Factors for high
Luminaire manufacturer inrush currents Manufacturer
Transformer manufacturer switchgear e.g. B.E.G.
Installer
Energy supplier
Grid
Soft/hard grid
External/internal protection measure
Dipl. -Informatiker Achim Mauracher is Head of Product Management at B.E.G.
8
LuxoNews
Optimum lighting control with B.E.G. DALI-SYS
When people think of building flexible system. CAD drawings are created Optimal brightness measurement
automation, the first image that and lighting groups defined in close consul- But how do multisensors detect the required
tation with the planner and the building ow- amount of light? In addition to the PIR sensors for
often comes to mind is automatic
ners. For the commissioning, which is often motion detection, the multisensors have bright-
lighting control. This is because very complex, the B.E.G. system integrator ness sensors via which a daylight-dependent
artificial lighting is used inten- comes to the construction site. He optimally control of the lighting can be realised. Further-
sively every day and accounts aligns the system to the building and defines more, the multisensor only dims as much artifici-
rules and user authorisations. This way, the al light as is really needed to reach the preset lux
for a large proportion of energy
users can access exactly the part of the sys- value in the room.
consumption. Therefore, modern tem that is relevant to them.
building automation includes the A prerequisite for the optimal function of the
intelligent and demand-oriented As an example, think of employees in a large light control is a brightness value that is as ac-
building complex: as they do at home, they curate as possible. This first requires a suitable
control of lighting. Among other
can activate the light control via the light installation location on the ceiling where the
things, this is made possible by switch when they enter their offices. The measurement is influenced as little as possible
multi-sensors that control the multisensor then takes over the intelligent by disturbance variables such as reflections,
artificial light depending on pre- control in the room. Via the passive infrared direct sunlight or other light sources. The bright-
sensor („PIR“), for example, movement in the ness value should always be measured in the
sence and brightness.
room is detected and thus, depending on darkest part of the room. Nevertheless, the
the programming, the light is automatically detection range of the detector must of course
B.E.G. DALI-SYS is a DALI-based lighting switched on and off. Thanks to the measured first cover the action range of the room user.
control system. The optimal solution for the brightness value, only as much artificial light
respective object is planned exclusively and as needed is then added to the natural light. A prerequisite for the optimal function of
individually by the B.E.G. experts using the the light control is a brightness value that
9
LuxoNews
is as accurate as possible. This first requires
a suitable installation location on the ceiling
where the measurement is influenced as little >250 Lux
as possible by disturbance variables such as
reflections, direct sunlight or other light sources.
The brightness value should always be mea-
>500 Lux
sured in the darkest part of the room. Never-
theless, the detection range of the detector
must of course first cover the action range of
the room user..
Suitable reflection factor
ca. 250 Lux
For optimal lighting control, the difference bet-
Dieter Walz, Product Manager at B.E.G.
ween the brightness at the desk and the bright-
ness at the ceiling must be balanced in the ca. 500 Lux
logic of the multisensor. Therefore, the actual
value measured by the light sensor on the
ceiling is not used for the control in order to
supplement the natural light with the appro- User interface
priate amount of artificial light. Instead, a The employees can dim the light via the push-
so-called reflection factor is used as the ratio button if they need more or less brightness.
of light between the work surface and the Alternatively, they can also intervene in the
ceiling. B.E.G. DALI-SYS control system via their PC.
By means of a user name and password, em-
With DALI-SYS, the weighting of the reflection ployees are given access to areas in which
value is set individually according to the en- they can influence the lighting control. The
vironmental variables of the respective place of respective employee logs in via his browser
use. Here, the system administrator can select and can control the light in his office. Via a
the ratio between 1:1 to 1:5 according to the user-friendly interface, he selects scenes,
lighting conditions in the room. In rooms with switches and dims the light so that he can
light floors and light furniture, the ratio bet- work well.
ween ceiling and work surface is 1:1, in rooms
with dark floors and dark furniture 1:5. If required, In the conference room, staff can also control
this automatic control can be overridden. the light via their smartphone. So-called scenes
are stored in the system for different meeting Functions
situations, which can be called up with a click. and building management system
For this purpose, the luminaires in the room A special function of B.E.G. DALI-SYS is called
are divided into groups and assigned dimming „Guided Light“, which is also known on the
values. The staff can then switch from the market as „swarm intelligence“. With this
„Meeting“ scene with full illumination of the function, luminaire groups are synchronised
ca. 250 Lux Faktor = 0,5
conference table to the „Presentation“ scene across DALI lines. Thus, when movement
with dimmed light in the area of the projection is detected, not only the luminaire group
500 Lux
screen. in which the movement is detected swit-
ches on the light. The adjacent luminaire
groups also react, but with dimmed light.
10LuxoNews
Thus, the user is surrounded by a „cloud of light“ cations. Key figures such as the lighting duration
that dims towards the outside. The user can there- of individual lamps or the energy consumption
fore see what is happening in the adjacent of the system can be viewed transparently at
areas at all times; he never looks from a brightly any time. A system administrator can monitor,
DALI-
lit area into a pitch-black area. The function is configure and maintain the systems via PC or
ideal for use in staircases, corridors or open- mobile devices. This is how user-friendly and
plan offices. Thanks to dimming, the use of the environmentally friendly lighting controls can
SYS
Guided Light function is more cost-effective be set up today with networked systems.
than the usual complete 100% lighting.
The connection of B.E.G. DALI-SYS to a higher-
level building management system or to parallel
existing systems for other trades such as
heating, ventilation, blind control or access
control can be easily realised via the B.E.G
DALI-SYS BACnet router. Up to 712 so-called
nodes are provided per router via BACnet/IP,
with the help of which lighting values, presence
and status information can be read out. So-
called multi-state objects allow different ligh-
ting control commands to be routed to the B.E.G.
GUIDED
DALI-SYS system from a higher-level software.
In this way, the lighting control system can be
LIGHT
overridden from a BACnet-based control centre,
for example.
BA
„Hidden“ functions such as the remote main-
tenance option or the software update of B.E.G.
control devices via the DALI bus contribute to
the very high operational reliability of B.E.G.
DALI-SYS. Maintenance is facilitated by a quick
system overview and automatic error notifi-
BUILDING
AUTO
MATION
LC
LIGHTING
CONTROL
11LuxoNews
First hospital with Minergie-
Eco-Standard certification
The Bürgerspital Solothurn is the first hospital in Switzerland to be certified The new building of the Bürgerspital Solothurn
according to the Minergie-Eco standard. This energy label combines high was implemented with a total value of 340
million Swiss francs. 62,800 sqm of building
energy requirements with ecological construction and operation. B.E.G. KNX
space are now available and must be managed
occupancy detectors are an integral part of the energy-efficient building in an energy-efficient manner. In this context,
automation. lighting control is also of great importance,
because in order to achieve the Minergie-Eco
standard, proof of energy efficiency had to be
provided for the lighting.
The hospital is equipped with a building manage-
ment system, to which the lighting control
was connected via KNX. The partner for the
lighting control was chosen early on, as the
hospital‘s technical service has been relying
on the high-quality occupancy and motion
detectors from B.E.G. and the expert advice
from Swisslux AG for years. Swisslux AG,
the exclusive distributor of B.E.G. products
in Switzerland, has been assisting the com-
missioned electrical planner Gode with the
planning since 2015. From 2019, Swisslux also
supported the integrator in commissioning
the KNX system.
Jannik Muhmenthaler, Head of Technical Ser-
vices at the hospital, says: „This is the first major
KNX installation in our hospitals in the canton.
Until now, we had only implemented small
applications. However, the possibilities for
energy savings and the flexibility of the KNX
installation in the new hospital quickly con-
vinced us.“
Measurements in hospitals have shown that
the lighting in the traffic zones (staircases,
corridors, etc.) accounts for the largest share
of energy consumption for lighting. Thus, a lot
of emphasis was placed on a good design of
the lighting automation for these areas. In
the new hospital, demand-oriented lighting is
ensured by suitable KNX occupancy detectors:
12LuxoNews
The corridors are equipped with PD4N-KNX-ST
occupancy detectors. This detector has a par-
ticularly large detection range of up to 24 m.
This means that large areas can be covered
cost-effectively with just a few detectors. In
the staircases, Indoor 180-KNX wall occupancy
detectors are installed on each floor. „The wall
detectors are simply inserted into the selected
switch range, which in the hospital is EDIZI-
Odue from Feller. This way, the occupancy
detector merges with the switch design,“ ex-
plains Stefan Kull from Swisslux.
For safety reasons, the lights in the traffic zones
are never switched off completely, even if they
are little used at night. In order to minimise energy
consumption, the lighting is reduced to an orien-
tation light value of 30 % at night when no
movement is detected. This maintains the neces-
sary safety in the traffic areas with efficient
energy utilisation.
The staircases and corridors are operated in By choosing KNX for lighting control, the system
full-automatic mode, which means that the can be expanded or adapted at any time. New
lighting is activated immediately when move- components can be easily integrated via the
ment is detected. The side rooms, which are bus. If rooms are used differently in the future,
equipped with PD2-KNX-ST occupancy detec- the KNX occupancy detectors can be easily
tors, are also programmed in full-automatic reprogrammed via the ETS programming
mode. software so that they are optimally aligned to
the new requirements. This flexibility was one
Light plays a central role in the hospital‘s of the main reasons for choosing the system.
treatment rooms and offices. Even the archi-
tecture places great emphasis on plenty of light Jannik Muhmenthaler from the technical
in all rooms: There are several spacious atriums service: „In the planning and implementation,
that let in sunlight and are attractively designed Swisslux AG was a competent partner, as in pre-
with art projects. The treatment rooms and vious projects. With their expertise, they helped
offices are equipped with large windows, and us to achieve the Minergie-Eco standard speci-
the lighting is controlled by PD4-KNX-ST occu- fications in the lighting design. In addition, with
pancy detectors. KNX we have a system that gives our hospital
long-term flexibility.“
Stefan Kull from Swisslux: „The occupancy
detectors in the treatment and office rooms
are operated in semi-automatic mode. This
means that the light control must be activated
via the light switch.“ From that moment on,
the occupancy detector takes over the lighting
control. When no more movements are detected,
the room lighting is automatically switched off.
13LuxoNews
Next generation BIM project planning
Interview with Marcel Kellermann, Head of Technical Sales at B.E.G.
Question: Mr Kellermann, this summer you error-free process during the construction of not 100% familiar with B.E.G. products have a
and your team launched a tool that can be a building, a profitability analysis even before quick and above all clear way of selecting the
used to find suitable BIM data. What exactly construction has begun, and support in the right occupancy detector. Customers can search
do you mean by BIM? preparation of tenders. for products in our programme either via the
technical requirements or via the room types
MK: The abbreviation BIM stands for „Building Question: How can the trades participate in to be equipped.
Information Modelling“, which is a process for the process?
agile and networked planning, execution and Question: What information does the data that
subsequent building management. Product MK: At first glance, it sounds very simple: every- customers load into their BIM programme
information is mapped in BIM models and can one feeds their information into the project. contain?
even be visualised and transferred to other Unfortunately, experience shows that it is not
trades. Each trade contributes its part to the quite simple, because there are some questions MK: The information in the product models is of
so-called BIM model or digital twin, so that in to be answered. First of all, we have to find the same quality as tender texts and provides
the best case a 1:1 image of the building with out which tool is to be used in the process. the trades with important information such as
all product information is created. BIM is a Based on this, product models in IFC or Revit voltage, detection areas for motion detection,
process rather than a method that involves format will be used. Currently there are no article numbers, etc. The product data is always
the exchange of information in planning, con- norms or generally applicable standards for kept up to date and can be „reloaded“ imme-
struction and operation. the German market.
Question: At what point does it make sense to Question: As a manufacturer, what do you then
work with the help of the BIM process? make available to customers?
MK: : The question of when the BIM method MW: We provide the BIM data of our occupancy
should be used cannot be answered in a general detectors in all common exchange formats. This
way. The larger and more complex the building, means that our customers are free to choose
the more trades and materials or products a BIM tool. In order to provide reliable data,
have to be coordinated. In infrastructure pro- we have decided to adhere to international
jects, the use of BIM has already been anchored standards that are already standard in other
in the last coalition agreement, and the first European countries.
laws obliging the parties involved to use it will
most likely be passed soon. This may also follow Question: How does the customer find the right
in the next few years for other state/municipal product for his project in the product range?
construction projects. The use of the BIM method
makes sense: it is often understood as simple MK: We developed the „B.E.G. BIM Suite“ to sup-
„3D planning to avoid collisions“. However, it port our customers in their product selection.
does much more, for example, it ensures an It was important to us that customers who are
Marcel Kellermann, Head of International
Technical Sales/Project Development
14LuxoNews
diately in the respective planning tool. In Question: What developments do you expect
Germany, the LOI (Level of Information), which in the BIM sector in the future?
is the benchmark for our data, is described in
VDI 2552, among others. In addition to the BIM MK: In my opinion, the BIM process will become
files, the appropriate data sheets and instruc- established in Germany for major projects in
tions can be downloaded directly from the the next few years. The many committees
B.E.G. BIM Suite. that have already formed will agree on a uni-
form standard that will make the process
Question: Won‘t the volume of data in the pro- easier to implement. Until then, we will conti-
cess be too large if all trades feed in this wealth nue to provide clients with the most common
of information? formats.
MK: A prerequisite for a reliable process flow is
very good and detailed data. In order to reduce
the computing times, one then uses the level
of detail in the representation of the products.
The LOD (Level of Detail) can be changed directly You can find the B.E.G. BIM suite here:
with B.E.G. using integrated plug-ins. The level https://bim.beg-luxomat.com
of detail can not only be increased, but can also
be reduced again very easily. In this way, simple
models (usually represented as a simple square)
can be used for basic planning and later high-
resolution models for customer presentations.
The important thing here is that the file size
actually changes, so that less computing power
has to be available when the models are reduced.
For those who want to view our products in
detail, they can be viewed from all sides in our
BIM Suite via 3D viewer to get a first impression
of the look.
15LuxoNews Maintenance via smartphone - Efficient lighting control at Imperial College London Thanks to a donation from industrial designer Sir James Dyson, Imperial College London (ICL) was able to open the „Dyson School of Design Engineering“ as a department of its engineering faculty in 2015. This is where the next generation of much-needed engineers and technology leaders are trained. To provide the students with the best possible learning environment, energy-efficient lighting control has now been implemented with DALI occupancy detectors from B.E.G. 16
LuxoNews
The university‘s requirements were varied. On This detector has been specially developed for
the one hand, the system should be user- classrooms and lecture halls with a window
friendly and easy to maintain. The university‘s front on one side. Up to four luminaire groups
maintenance team should be able to implement can be set up via the occupancy detector. One
requirements themselves on a day-to-day luminaire group is defined on the whiteboard,
basis. In addition, the system should signifi- the light bands in the room are divided into
cantly reduce energy costs in the lighting three zones.
area, also by integrating natural daylight into
the lighting control. A variety of different A double push-button next to the door can be
spaces such as lecture halls, laboratories, used to control the lighting on the white-
offices, corridors, staircases, toilets and board and the main lighting. Offset values
storage rooms had to be taken into have then been defined for the lighting zones.
account. The ICL chose the lighting control The window strip, for example, is dimmed by
Tom Greenrod, Specification Manager at B.E.G.
experts from B.E.G., who have specialised 25% in relation to the main light, as it is always
in automatic lighting control for decades. In brighter at the window due to the natural
collaboration with Buro Happold‘s technical light. If the brightness sensor detects a change No occupancy detectors were to be used in the
consultants, B.E.G. drew up a plan that took in natural light, the luminaires are adjusted laboratories. The ICL wanted to avoid the ligh-
into account both the use of natural daylight accordingly. Areas such as side corridors, stair- ting being switched off completely when there
and the specific lighting control requirements wells, toilets and storage rooms do not have are people in the room who are not moving for
of each area. to be continuously lit in the ICL. However, the a longer period of time. This would be a safety
light must be reliably switched on when people risk for the experimental work in the labora-
Tom Greenrod, Specification Director at B.E.G. are in the areas. It is precisely in these areas, tories. Therefore, only DALI twilight switches
UK, says: „The space requirements at Imperial which are only used for a short time, that were used in these rooms. These regulate the
College London meant that we had to care- most energy consumption can be saved. That light strip at the window and thus save at least
fully specify the lighting control for each indi- is why it is important to select the right pro- some energy.
vidual room, there was no ‚one product fits all‘ ducts for these areas that are optimally suited
solution. The luminaires selected for the pro- to the rooms. The wide range of B.E.G. DALI B.E.G. not only supplied all the components for
ject are DALI dimmable, so products from the occupancy detectors available meant that sui- the daylight-dependent lighting control. From
B.E.G. DALI portfolio were chosen to match. table detectors could be used for all areas of the planning stage to the final acceptance, the
the building. experts are always on hand to provide ICL with
The lecture halls and offices are almost per- advice and support, even on site. For example,
manently occupied during regular working A special feature can be found in the main stair- it was determined for each detector whether it
hours. It is therefore necessary that the light is case: there hangs a historic chandelier that is would be used in full or semi-automatic mode,
switched on most of the time. However, with still supplied with 230V. It is the only lighting in whether it would be supplemented by a push-
the new regulation, natural daylight should the building without a DALI connection. Never- button for manual switching and in which con-
be included in the lighting control. If a lot of theless, it is switched together with the DALI stellation master-slave connections would be
natural daylight falls through the windows, luminaires of the staircase via the occupancy used.
the artificial light can then be reduced. detector. This is made possible by a DALI occu-
pancy detector that has a DALI and a switching For the initial installation, B.E.G. staff came to the
The greatest daylight yield is achieved close output. site to ensure that the correct wiring was im-
to the windows; the further away from the plemented for each type of DALI detector used
window front, the less daylight arrives. The These 2-channel detectors are also used in the and that commissioning with master-slave
continuous rows across the room must com- toilets where, in addition to lighting, ventilation links was programmed as planned. The detectors
pensate for these differences in brightness. should also be controlled via presence. The DALI were programmed via the free B.E.G. app for
For this reason, the lecture halls and offices output controls the lighting depending on bright- Android and Apple smartphones using the
are equipped with PD4-DAA4G occupancy ness, the potential-free contact switches on B.E.G. infrared adapter. This app allows easy
detectors. the ventilation when movement is detected. programming of all B.E.G. DALI detectors used
in this project.
In the main corridors, the light should never be
completely switched off for safety and comfort. The on-site meetings of the B.E.G. experts with
The „orientation light“ function of the DALI master the planners and installers ensured a quick and
occupancy detectors is used here. The illuminance error-free installation. After the successful
is dimmed to 20% when the area is unused. In commissioning, the B.E.G. experts trained the
this way, safety is ensured here with low power university‘s maintenance team in the use of
consumption. the B.E.G. app, so that the ICL can now maintain
and manage its system itself via smartphone.
17LuxoNews
Perfect indoor climate
thanks to the new KNX VOC sensor
The new B.E.G. wall sensor with VOC function from the OCCULOG® family measures air quality (VOC) and humidity and is also
a temperature controller. We spoke to B.E.G. product manager Christoph Börsch about the possibilities of the innovation.
Question: Mr Börsch, you talk about „perfect differently (dew point, absence, building protec- Question: So the rotary wheel is for temperature
indoor climate“ via KNX, what does the indoor tion, comfort temperature and night setback). control?
climate depend on? In this way, the control is automatically adapted
to the current situation.. CB: This is not necessarily the case, as almost
CB: The indoor climate is made up of different everything can be set up individually according
factors. On the one hand, there is the tempera- Question: But surely there are ways for the user to the user‘s wishes. The rotary wheel can also
ture, which should be within the user‘s comfort to intervene in the regulation? be used for the air quality or the humidity, the
zone. On the other hand, we are also talking system integrator can set this in the ETS. Then
about air quality and humidity. If there are too CB: Yes, of course: If, for example, the user needs either the set value for the air quality or the
many volatile substances in the air or if it is too the living temperature (comfort temperature) set value for the air humidity can be changed
dry or too damp, this has a negative impact on for longer on some days, he can use the „Comfort accordingly via the rotary wheel.
the user. extension“ button to postpone the night set-
back until later. We also have the option for the Question: How is air quality determined?
Question: If we now start with the temperature, user to regulate the stored temperature via the
how is this optimally set? rotary wheel on the WS-VOC-HVAC-KNX. To do CB: The measurement of air quality is carried
this, an offset value in relation to the stored com- out using volatile organic compounds (VOC).
CB: First of all, there is the set value, which is sto- fort temperature is set in the ETS, for example The optical sensor determines the saturation
red in the ETS. The temperature controller has +/-5°C. An LED shows in red and blue whether the of suspended matter in the air. Alternatively,
various operating modes that are prioritised system is currently heating or cooling. the CO2 eq can also be output. We all know it:
18LuxoNews
humidity in the air can quickly accumulate,
even then the appropriate LED traffic light
warns or the follow-up programming provides
a remedy.
Question: In order to use this, limit values have
to be set up. According to what criteria is this
done?
CB: We have factory-set limit values. We had
these determined and defined by an indepen-
dent laboratory. Our limit values are signi-
ficantly below the values prescribed in the
Christoph Börsch, Product Manager at B.E.G.
standard. As with all B.E.G. KNX products, the
VOC wall sensor can be put into operation
directly with the factory settings. The values
cover a good 90 % of the standard require- Question: There are endless possibilities in the
ments. However, and we are also known for KNX area. What kind of links are conceivable?
this, the integrator can also change each value
himself and thus adapt the product to the CB: Of course, additional KNX components en-
individual requirements of his project. able even more comfort, for example, the mea-
surement data can be output via a visualisation.
Question: That‘s quite a lot of technology for The user then has the option of specifying his
such a small device. How and where can the or her desired values via the visualisation. The
new sensor be installed? control can also be linked to presence via a KNX
occupancy detector. In this way, the temper-
CB: We have built the wall sensor so compact ature is controlled efficiently and according to
when you enter a meeting room where people that it can be used as a normal wall installation demand.
have been meeting for two hours, you want to in a standard flush-mounted box. It fits into all
open the window quickly. The limit value has common 55 x 55 mm switch frames, an additi-
certainly been exceeded. onal adapter for 63 x 63 mm switch frames is
included. The installation is particularly useful
Question: What happens if the stored limit in rooms where people spend long periods of
values are exceeded? time, such as offices, classrooms and meeting
rooms, but also in living areas.
CB: The VOC sensor displays the air quality in a
traffic light system, i.e. green, yellow, red. In this
way, users are visually reminded to ventilate,
which is extremely useful in times of Corona. In
the KNX system, it is possible to go even further
by using limit values for follow-up programming.
Then, when the limit is exceeded, the ventilation
is automatically switched on or the window is
opened. By the way, there are separate limit
values, two each for the traffic light and four
each for the switching of a sequence program-
ming. If you only want to use the sequence pro-
gramming, you can also switch off the LEDs.
Question: This then also works similarly for
humidity?
CB: : Yes, the particles in the air are measured
optically as well. Every living being evaporates
water, especially when breathing and through
the skin. If there are many people in a room, the
19LuxoNews
DALI lighting control:
easy retrofitting
Demand-oriented lighting control with DALI occupancy detectors that detect movements and switch and control the
lighting accordingly can save energy and thus costs in areas with different levels of traffic.
At 18.3 %, energy consumption for lighting We would like to show the advantages of with voltage via the DALI bus and therefore
accounts for a significant share of the total retrofitting with DALI-LINK and how easy it is do not require an extra supply voltage feed
energy demand in non-residential buildings for the installer to set it up using the example line..
(BMWi, 2017c). Many companies are replacing of a doctor‘s practice. The practice consists of
their outdated lighting systems with systems a reception, a waiting room, two treatment The 44 luminaires are distributed relatively re-
with LED luminaires. This is the easiest way to rooms, two WC rooms and a laboratory, all con- gularly over the entire area. To set up presence-
save energy costs and achieve better illumina- nected by a corridor. Daylight shines in all rooms. dependent control, a multisensor is installed
tion at the same time. Often, the LED luminaires In order to optimally align the system, the re- in each luminaire group. The model is selected
are directly DALI-capable, which makes the ad- quirements are recorded at the beginning, in according to the room size: for the large rooms
dition of an intelligent lighting control system this case: such as reception and treatment rooms, the
conceivably simple. PD4N is used, which covers a range of max. 24 m.
- Full automatic, presence-dependent The PD11 is used for the smaller rooms (labora-
Adding smart control to the lighting opens switching on and off of all rooms/areas tory and WCs). It is very inconspicuous due to
up further savings potential. When occupan- - Daylight-dependent control in the reception its flat lens and covers a range of max. 10 m.
cy detectors are used, the light is only swit- and waiting area
ched on when it is really needed. In this way, - Manual override via conventional buttons in In order to override the automatic light control
areas that previously had to be constantly both treatment rooms and in the laboratory if required, DALI-LINK push-button interfaces are
lit for safety reasons to ensure that enough - Orientation light in the waiting and sanitary installed in the examination rooms, the labo-
light is available when someone is present area ratory and at the reception. For the connection,
can now be lit depending on presence. In ad- - Central off via conventional button on the two wires of the old light switch are used
dition, DALI also means dimmable. The light reception counter for the DALI bus. The old switch can be replaced
sensors integrated in the detectors measure by conventional 2- or 4-way push-buttons with-
the brightness in the room and only control as At the beginning of the renovation, the old out the need for rewiring. The interface at the
much light as is really needed. fluorescent lamps are removed and replaced reception is equipped with Bluetooth and can
. by modern DALI luminaires with LED light thus be used to set up the DALI-LINK system.
sources. A 5-core cable is used for wiring the The free B.E.G. DALI-LINK app is required to para-
DALI luminaires so that the DALI BUS can be meterise the system. This can then be used to set
set up via the two remaining cores. It is im- up the lighting control via the Bluetooth inter-
portant for the DALI-BUS that the NYM cable face of the smartphone. First, the QR code printed
is not laid as a ring. The DALI power supply on the DALI-LINK push-button interface is
is installed in the control box. The multimas- activated with the app. The code is also enclosed
ter-capable DALI multisensors are supplied with the product in paper form. It is advisable
20LuxoNews
to attach it to the project documents. This way,
access can be reactivated later without having to
uncover the push-button interface again. 3 4 5
2
The „smart addressing“ command automatically
assigns addresses to all units in the DALI line. If the
8
system is newly set up on an old DALI system,
it makes sense to deactivate the „smart addres-
sing“ command at the beginning. This deletes
all short addresses of the DALI devices. After 1 7 6
address assignment, the devices are grouped
and named. The luminaires are divided into
eight groups according to their position (see
graphic). The occupancy detectors and push-
button interfaces are assigned to the luminaire
groups with a few clicks in the app. Afterwards,
the parameterisation is carried out. In this pro-
cess, all of the customer‘s requirements can be
easily implemented.
21LuxoNews
All areas optimally controlled
The use of a cost-efficient lighting control system in the Bürgerwiese grammar school, Dresden
With 950 pupils and 54 teachers, Learning in homogeneous lighting Long corridors frequented for a short
the Bürgerwiese grammar school conditions time
A fundamental requirement is the uniform illu- School buildings are usually characterised by
is one of the largest schools in
mination of all workplaces in the classrooms. the long corridors leadingtothe classrooms. Not
Dresden. The central location on The one-sided window frontage of the rooms so at the Bürgerwiese grammar school:
Lennéplatz and the modern rooms must be compensated for. The system should The modern building form is curved like a boome-
with large windows and lots of light be able to control and switch reliably, but also rang. This creates a sheltered schoolyard on the
to be overridden by push-buttons if neces- outside and corridors with long and short areas
make the school particularly attrac-
sary, for example when a film is being shown. on the inside. The long corridors are additionally
tive. The occupancy and motion interrupted by partition walls that open up niches
detectors from B.E.G. contribute to In all classrooms, the PD4-M-TRIO-DIM is in- for lockers, washbasins and doors. These de-
energy efficiency. stalled. This occupancy detector was specially manding corridors require a well thought-out
developed for use in classrooms. It is aligned in lighting design.
such a way that one light sensor is directed at
From the beginning of the new building project, the workstations by the window and the other
the school board knew that the building would light sensor is directed at the workstations on
be equipped with the latest technology. In addi- the wall. In this way, two lighting zones can
tion to an energy-efficient lighting system, this be defined. The same lux value is specified for
also includes sensible lighting control, because both zones. The light strip on the wall is then
often the last pupil left the room without swit- dimmed up earlier and more strongly than the
ching off the lights. Switching them off auto- one on the window, so that the same bright-
matically after leaving the room is probably the ness prevails at all workplaces.
most obvious way to save energy. But today, Another decisive argument in favour of the
planners have many more options open to them classroom detector is the additional relay that
than automatic switching. Each area of the is used to switch the blackboard lighting in the
Bürgerwiese Gymnasium has its own individual Bürgerwiese grammar school. This is thus de-
requirements, and each has been equipped with coupled from the dimmed light strips and en-
the appropriate, customised solution. sures good illumination of the blackboard area.
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