LOT 1 - BRINGELLY ROAD BUSINESS HUB - SSDA Noise Impact Assessment Prepared for
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LOT 1 - BRINGELLY ROAD BUSINESS HUB
SSDA Noise Impact Assessment
Prepared for:
ESR Australia
Level 29, 20 Bond Street
Sydney 2000
SLR Ref: 610.30761-R02
Version No: -v1.1
May 2022
ESR Australia SLR Ref No: 610.30761-R02-v1.1-20220510.docx
Lot 1 - Bringelly Road Business Hub May 2022
SSDA Noise Impact Assessment
PREPARED BY
SLR Consulting Australia Pty Ltd
ABN 29 001 584 612
Tenancy 202 Submarine School, Sub Base Platypus, 120 High Street
North Sydney NSW 2060 Australia
T: +61 2 9427 8100
E: sydney@slrconsulting.com www.slrconsulting.com
BASIS OF REPORT
This report has been prepared by SLR Consulting Australia Pty Ltd (SLR) with all reasonable
skill, care and diligence, and taking account of the timescale and resources allocated to it
by agreement with ESR Australia (the Client). Information reported herein is based on the
interpretation of data collected, which has been accepted in good faith as being accurate
and valid.
This report is for the exclusive use of the Client. No warranties or guarantees are
expressed or should be inferred by any third parties. This report may not be relied upon
by other parties without written consent from SLR.
SLR disclaims any responsibility to the Client and others in respect of any matters outside
the agreed scope of the work.
DOCUMENT CONTROL
Reference Date Prepared Checked Authorised
610.30761-R02-v0.1 14 April 2022 Jordan McMahon Aaron McKenzie DRAFT
610.30761-R02-v1.0 28 April 2022 Jordan McMahon Aaron McKenzie Aaron McKenzie
610.30761-R02-v1.1 10 May 2022 Jordan McMahon Aaron McKenzie Aaron McKenzie
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CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 6
1.1 Proposal Description ......................................................................................................... 6
1.2 Secretary’s Environmental Assessment Requirements – SSD 37558583 ......................... 8
1.3 Nearest Receivers ............................................................................................................. 9
2 EXISTING NOISE ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................ 10
3 ASSESSMENT CRITERIA .......................................................................................... 11
3.1 Construction Noise Criteria............................................................................................. 11
3.1.1 Interim Construction Noise Guideline .......................................................................................................... 11
3.1.1.1 Residential Receivers .................................................................................................................................... 11
3.1.1.2 ‘Other Sensitive’ Land Uses and Commercial Receivers ............................................................................... 12
3.1.1.3 NML Summary .............................................................................................................................................. 13
3.2 Vibration Guidelines ....................................................................................................... 14
3.2.1 Human Comfort Vibration ............................................................................................................................ 14
3.2.2 Effects on Building Contents ........................................................................................................................ 14
3.2.3 Structural and Cosmetic Damage Vibration ................................................................................................. 14
3.2.4 Minimum Working Distances for Vibration Intensive Works ....................................................................... 16
3.3 Operational Noise Criteria .............................................................................................. 16
3.3.1 Noise Policy for Industry ............................................................................................................................... 16
3.3.1.1 Industrial Noise Trigger Levels ...................................................................................................................... 17
3.3.1.2 Project Noise Trigger Levels ......................................................................................................................... 18
3.3.1.3 Sleep Disturbance ......................................................................................................................................... 19
3.3.2 Corrections for Annoying Noise Characteristics ........................................................................................... 20
3.3.3 Traffic on Surrounding Roads ....................................................................................................................... 21
4 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................... 22
4.1 Construction Noise and Vibration Assessment .............................................................. 22
4.1.1 Construction Activities ................................................................................................................................. 22
4.1.2 Hours of Construction .................................................................................................................................. 22
4.2 Operational Noise Assessment ....................................................................................... 23
4.2.1 Operational Noise Sources ........................................................................................................................... 23
4.2.2 Corrections for Annoying Noise Characteristics ........................................................................................... 26
4.2.3 Noise Sources with Potential for Sleep Disturbance .................................................................................... 26
4.2.4 Off-site Road Traffic ..................................................................................................................................... 26
4.2.5 Weather Conditions ..................................................................................................................................... 27
5 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS ..................................................................................... 28
5.1 Construction Noise Predictions ...................................................................................... 28
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CONTENTS
5.2 Construction Vibration.................................................................................................... 30
5.3 Operational Noise Assessment ....................................................................................... 31
5.3.1 Predicted Noise Levels.................................................................................................................................. 31
5.3.2 Sleep Disturbance ......................................................................................................................................... 32
5.3.2.1 Detailed Maximum Noise Level Assessment ................................................................................................ 33
5.3.3 Cumulative Noise from all Developments .................................................................................................... 34
6 MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES ........................................................ 36
6.1 Construction Impacts ...................................................................................................... 36
6.2 Operational Noise Impacts ............................................................................................. 36
7 CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................... 38
DOCUMENT REFERENCES
TABLES
Table 1 Secretary’s Environmental Assessment Requirements, SSD 31552370, 3 March
2022................................................................................................................................ 9
Table 2 Surrounding Sensitive Receivers .................................................................................... 9
Table 3 Summary of Unattended Noise Monitoring Results .................................................... 10
Table 4 ICNG NMLs for Residential Receivers ........................................................................... 11
Table 5 Construction NMLs at ‘Other Sensitive’ Land Uses ...................................................... 12
Table 6 NMLs for ‘Other Sensitive’ Receivers ........................................................................... 13
Table 7 Project Specific Noise Management Levels ................................................................. 13
Table 8 Vibration Dose Values for Intermittent Vibration ........................................................ 14
Table 9 BS 7385 Transient Vibration Values for Minimal Risk of Damage ............................... 15
Table 10 DIN 4150 Guideline Values for Short-term Vibration on Structures ............................ 15
Table 11 Recommended Minimum Working Distances from Vibration Intensive
Equipment .................................................................................................................... 16
Table 12 Residential Receiver Amenity....................................................................................... 17
Table 13 Residential Receiver Amenity Category Assessment ................................................... 18
Table 14 Project Noise Trigger Levels ......................................................................................... 19
Table 15 Sleep Disturbance Screening Levels ............................................................................. 20
Table 16 NPfI Modifying Factor Corrections ............................................................................... 20
Table 17 RNP/NCG Criteria for Assessing Traffic on Public Roads .............................................. 21
Table 18 Construction Equipment .............................................................................................. 22
Table 19 Vehicle Traffic Data – Worst-case 15-Minute Period ................................................... 24
Table 20 Typical Breezeway and Loading Dock Noise Sources ................................................... 24
Table 21 Mechanical Plant .......................................................................................................... 25
Table 22 Sleep Disturbance Noise Events – LAmax Sound Power Levels ................................... 26
Table 23 Off-site Traffic Noise Assessment ................................................................................ 27
Table 24 Standard and Noise-enhancing Weather Conditions ................................................... 27
Table 25 Occurrence of Noise-enhancing Weather Conditions.................................................. 27
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CONTENTS
Table 26 Modelled Weather Conditions ..................................................................................... 28
Table 27 Predicted Construction Noise Levels at Nearest Receivers.......................................... 28
Table 28 Predicted Exceedance at Nearest Receivers ................................................................ 29
Table 29 Operational Noise Assessment .................................................................................... 31
Table 30 Sleep Disturbance Assessment..................................................................................... 32
Table 31 Detailed Maximum Noise Level Assessment................................................................ 34
Table 32 Cumulative Noise Levels – Lot 1, Lot 4, Steelforce, CFC and Bunnings ........................ 35
Table 33 Feasible and Reasonable Mitigation Options............................................................... 37
FIGURES
Figure 1 Site Location, Surrounding Receivers and Noise Monitoring Locations ........................ 7
Figure 2 Proposed Development.................................................................................................. 8
Figure 3 Modelled Noise Source Locations ................................................................................ 25
Figure 4 Construction Vibration – Large Hydraulic Hammer ..................................................... 30
APPENDICES
Appendix A Acoustic Terminology
Appendix B Noise Monitoring Graphs
Appendix C Construction Noise Sources
Appendix D Operational Noise Contours
Appendix E CNVG Mitigation Measures
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1 Introduction
SLR Consulting Australia Pty Ltd (SLR) has been engaged by ESR Australia to undertake a noise impact assessment
in support of a State Significant Development (SSD) application (SSD 37558583) for a warehouse at Lot 1 of the
Bringelly Road Business Hub.
SLR is suitably qualified and endorsed by the Planning Secretary to produce SSD noise impact assessments. SLR
is a member of the Australian Acoustical Society (AAS) and a member firm of the Association of Australasian
Acoustical Consultants (AAAC).
This report summarises the assessment of the potential construction and operational noise impacts associated
with the proposal.
The following report uses specialist acoustic terminology. An explanation of common terms is provided in
Appendix A.
1.1 Proposal Description
The proposal forms part of the 19 hectare Bringelly Road Business Hub which was granted development consent
in January 2016 and allows for predominantly light industrial and retail development. SLR has been advised that
the four lots to the northeast of Lot 1 are approved and operational.
The proposed facility would generally involve the delivery and storage of products along with office and support
facilities. The proposal comprises the development of the site as summarised below:
• Construction, fit out and operation of a two-storey warehouse and distribution centre including:
• 12,892 m2 of total site area
• 4,470 m2 of warehouse GFA; and
• 1,000 m2 of office space GFA
• Provision of 41 car parking spaces at ground
• Provision of internal vehicle access route and loading dock
• Operation 24 hours per day seven days per week.
The site location is shown in Figure 1 and the layout of the warehouse is shown in Figure 2.
The identified sources of noise from the proposed development include:
• Mechanical plant
• Operation of the loading dock
• Truck movements on internal access roads and the loading dock
• Light vehicle movements on internal access roads and parking areas.
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Figure 1 Site Location, Surrounding Receivers and Noise Monitoring Locations
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Figure 2 Proposed Development
1.2 Secretary’s Environmental Assessment Requirements – SSD 37558583
The Secretary’s Environmental Assessment Requirements (SEARs) for SSD 37558583 were issued by the
Department of Planning and Environment (DPE) in March 2022. The requirements relevant to noise and
vibration are shown in Table 1.
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Table 1 Secretary’s Environmental Assessment Requirements, SSD 31552370, 3 March 2022
Noise and Vibration Where Addressed
Provide a noise and vibration assessment prepared in accordance with the relevant Construction:
EPA guidelines. The assessment must detail construction and operational noise and Section 4.1
vibration impacts on nearby sensitive receivers and structures and outline the Section 5.1
proposed management and mitigation measures that would be implemented.
Section 5.2
Operation:
Section 4.2
Section 5.3
Mitigation:
Section 6
1.3 Nearest Receivers
The nearest receivers are other commercial and industrial developments within the Bringelly Road Business Hub,
located around 85 m to the northeast of the site. The nearest residential receiver is located around 150 m to
northwest of the site. The nearest receivers are shown in Figure 1 and detailed in Table 2.
The nearest sensitive receivers are residences on Stuart Road and Twenty Sixth Avenue. Additional residential
receivers are also located more distantly to the north and east in West Hoxton and Horningsea Park, however,
these receivers are generally shielded by the existing buildings on the adjoining lots.
The nearest sensitive receivers are residential dwellings to the north on Stuart Road and to the east on Twenty
Sixth Avenue. The closest of these is around 150 m away from the proposal. Additional residential receivers are
also located more distantly to the north and east in West Hoxton and Horningsea Park, however, are generally
shielded by the existing buildings on the adjoining lots.
Table 2 Surrounding Sensitive Receivers
ID Address Type Distance (m) Direction
R01 12 Bringelly Road, Horningsea Park (abandoned condition) Residential 650 m Northeast
R02 12 Bringelly Road, Horningsea Park Residential 700 m Northeast
R03 Residences on Cowpasture Road Residential 800 m Northeast
R04 Residences on Stuart Road to the north Residential 650 m Northeast
R05 1088 Stuart Road, Horningsea Park Residential 150 m Northwest
R06 10 Sixth Avenue, West Hoxton Residential 350 m Northwest
R07 111 Twenty Sixth Avenue, West Hoxton Residential 300 m West
R08 MindChamps Early Learning Centre Child Care 650 m Northeast
Centre
R09 Commercial / office buildings within Bringelly Road Business Commercial 85 m Northeast
Hub
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2 Existing Noise Environment
Unattended noise monitoring was completed in the study area in August 2018. The measured noise levels have
been used to determine the existing noise environment and to set the criteria used to assess the potential
impacts from the proposal.
The monitoring equipment was positioned to measure existing noise levels that are representative of receivers
potentially most affected by the proposal, within constraints such as accessibility, security and landowner
permission.
The noise monitoring equipment continuously measured existing noise levels in 15-minute periods during the
daytime, evening and night-time. All equipment carried current National Association of Testing Authorities
(NATA) or manufacturer calibration certificates and equipment calibration was confirmed before and after each
measurement.
The measured data has been processed to exclude noise from extraneous events and periods affected by
adverse weather conditions, such as strong wind or rain (measured at the BOM weather station at Badgerys
Creek), to establish representative existing noise levels in the study area.
The noise monitoring locations are shown in Figure 1 and the results are summarised in Table 3. Details of the
unattended monitoring together with graphs of the measured daily noise levels are provided in Appendix B.
Table 3 Summary of Unattended Noise Monitoring Results
ID Location Measured Noise Levels (dBA)
RBL1 LAeq(period)2
Daytime Evening Night-time Daytime Evening Night-time
L01 18 Stuart Road, West Hoxton 39 36 31 53 51 48
L02 12 Bringelly Road, Horningsea Park 46 45 37 55 53 52
L03 Intersection of Stuart Road and Twenty 44 43 39 51 54 49
Sixth Avenue, Horningsea Park
Note 1: The Rating Background Levels (RBLs) and LAeq noise levels have been obtained from the measured data using the calculation procedures
outlined in the NPfI.
Note 2: NPfI time periods – Day: 7:00 am to 6:00 pm Monday to Saturday, 8:00 am to 6:00 pm Sundays and public holidays; Evening: 6:00 pm to
10:00 pm; Night: the remaining periods.
Short-term attended noise monitoring was also completed. The attended measurements allow the
contributions of the various noise sources at each location to be determined. Detailed observations from the
attended measurements are provided in Appendix B.
The attended measurements were generally found to be consistent with the results of the unattended noise
monitoring and show that existing ambient noise levels are typically dominated by industrial noise from existing
industrial developments and road traffic noise from the surrounding road network.
With urban growth in the surrounding area it is possible that background noise levels have increased since the
2018 monitoring was undertaken, hence the data presented can be considered potentially conservative.
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3 Assessment Criteria
3.1 Construction Noise Criteria
3.1.1 Interim Construction Noise Guideline
The NSW Interim Construction Noise Guideline (ICNG) is used to assess and manage impacts from construction
noise on residences and other sensitive land uses in NSW.
The ICNG contains procedures for determining project specific Noise Management Levels (NMLs) for sensitive
receivers based on the existing background noise in the area. The ‘worst-case’ noise levels from construction of
a proposal are predicted and then compared to the NMLs in a 15-minute assessment period to determine the
likely impact of the proposal.
The NMLs are not mandatory limits, however, where construction noise levels are predicted or measured to be
above the NMLs, feasible and reasonable work practices to minimise noise emissions are to be investigated.
3.1.1.1 Residential Receivers
The ICNG approach for determining NMLs at residential receivers is shown in Table 4.
Table 4 ICNG NMLs for Residential Receivers
Time of Day NML How to Apply
LAeq(15minute)
Standard Noise affected • The noise affected level represents the point above which there may be some
Construction RBL1 + 10 dB community reaction to noise
Hours • Where the predicted or measured LAeq(15minute) is greater than the noise
Monday to affected level, the proponent should apply all feasible and reasonable work
Friday practices to meet the noise affected level
7:00 am to • The proponent should also inform all potentially impacted residents of the
6:00 pm nature of works to be carried out, the expected noise levels and duration, as
well as contact details.
Saturday
8:00 am to Highly Noise • The Highly Noise Affected (HNA) level represents the point above which there
1:00 pm Affected may be strong community reaction to noise
75 dBA • Where noise is above this level, the relevant authority (consent, determining or
No work on
regulatory) may require respite periods by restructuring the hours that the very
Sundays or
noisy activities can occur, taking into account:
public
Times identified by the community when they are less sensitive to noise
holidays
(such as before and after school for works near schools or mid-morning or
mid-afternoon for works near residences
If the community is prepared to accept a longer period of construction in
exchange for restrictions on construction times.
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Time of Day NML How to Apply
LAeq(15minute)
Outside Noise affected • A strong justification would typically be required for works outside the
Standard RBL + 5 dB recommended standard hours
Construction • The proponent should apply all feasible and reasonable work practices to meet
Hours the noise affected level
• Where all feasible and reasonable practises have been applied and noise is
more than 5 dB above the noise affected level, the proponent should negotiate
with the community.
Note 1: The RBL is the Rating Background Level and the ICNG refers to the calculation procedures in the NSW Industrial Noise Policy (INP). The
INP has been superseded by the NSW EPA Noise Policy for Industry (NPfI).
Sleep Disturbance
Where construction work is planned to extend over more than two consecutive nights, the ICNG recommends
that an assessment of sleep disturbance impacts should be completed.
The most current method for assessing sleep disturbance from NSW transport infrastructure projects is
contained in the EPA’s Noise Policy for Industry (NPfI). Although the NPfI sleep disturbance criteria relate to
industrial noise, they are considered relevant for reviewing potential impacts from construction noise.
The NPfI defined sleep disturbance criteria is 52 dBA LAFmax or the prevailing background level plus 15 dB,
whichever is the greater.
3.1.1.2 ‘Other Sensitive’ Land Uses and Commercial Receivers
The ICNG NMLs for ‘other sensitive’ non-residential land uses are shown in Table 5.
Table 5 Construction NMLs at ‘Other Sensitive’ Land Uses
Land Use Noise Management Level
LAeq(15minute) (dBA)
(applied when the property is in use)
Internal External
Classrooms at schools and other educational institutions 45 551
Hospital wards and operating theatres 45 652
Places of worship 45 551
Active recreation areas - 65
(characterised by sporting activities and activities which generate noise)
Passive recreation areas - 60
(characterised by contemplative activities that generate little noise)
Commercial - 70
Industrial - 75
Note 1: It is assumed that these receivers have windows partially open for ventilation which results in internal noise levels being around 10 dB
lower than the external noise level.
Note 2: It is assumed that these receivers have fixed windows which conservatively results in internal noise levels being around 20 dB lower than
the external noise level.
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The ICNG references AS2107:2016 Acoustics – Recommended design sound levels and reverberation times for
building interiors for criteria for ‘other sensitive’ receivers which are not listed in the guideline. Neither the ICNG
nor AS2107 provide criteria for child care centres so the Association of Australian Acoustical Consultants
Guideline for Child Care Centre Acoustic Assessment (GCCCAA) has been referenced. The NMLs for child care
centres are shown in Table 6.
Table 6 NMLs for ‘Other Sensitive’ Receivers
Use Period NML Derived From Noise Management Level
LAeq(15minute) (dBA)
Internal External
Child care centres Daytime GCCCAA: Outdoor play areas - 55
GCCCAA: Sleeping areas 40 501
Note 1: It is assumed that these receivers have windows partially open for ventilation which results in internal noise levels being around 10 dB
lower than the external noise level.
3.1.1.3 NML Summary
The construction NMLs for the proposal have been determined using the results from the unattended noise
monitoring and are shown in Table 7.
Table 7 Project Specific Noise Management Levels
Receiver Representative Noise Management Level (LAeq(15minute) – dBA) Sleep
ID Background Disturbance
Standard Out of Hours
Monitoring (RBL +5 dB)1 Screening
Construction
Location (RBL +10 dB)1 Criteria
(RBL +15 dB)
Daytime Daytime2 Evening Night-time
R01 L.02 56 51 50 42 52
R02 L.02 56 51 50 42 52
R03 L.02 56 51 50 42 52
R04 L.01 49 44 41 36 52
R05 L.03 54 49 47 44 54
R06 L.03 54 49 47 44 54
R07 L.03 54 49 47 44 54
R08 - 70 (play areas) 70 n/a n/a n/a
dLAeq(15minute) |
50 (sleeping areas) 50 n/a n/a n/a
External Play areas
R09 - 70 70 n/a n/a n/a
Note 1: RBL = Rating Background Level.
Note 2: Daytime out of hours is 7 am to 8 am and 1 pm to 6 pm on Saturday, and 8 am to 6 pm on Sunday and public holidays.
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3.2 Vibration Guidelines
The effects of vibration from construction works can be divided into three categories:
• Those in which the occupants of buildings are disturbed (human comfort)
• Those where building contents may be affected (building contents)
• Those where the integrity of the building may be compromised (structural or cosmetic damage).
3.2.1 Human Comfort Vibration
People can sometimes perceive vibration impacts when vibration generating construction works are located
close to occupied buildings.
Vibration from construction works tends to be intermittent in nature and the EPA’s Assessing Vibration: a
technical guideline (2006) provides criteria for intermittent vibration based on the Vibration Dose Value (VDV).
The ‘preferred’ and ‘maximum’ VDVs for human comfort impacts are shown in Table 8.
Table 8 Vibration Dose Values for Intermittent Vibration
Building Type Assessment Period Vibration Dose Value1 (m/s1.75)
Preferred Maximum
Critical Working Areas (eg operating theatres or laboratories) Day or night-time 0.10 0.20
Residential Daytime 0.20 0.40
Night-time 0.13 0.26
Offices, schools, educational institutions and places of worship Day or night-time 0.40 0.80
Workshops Day or night-time 0.80 1.60
Note 1: The VDV accumulates vibration energy over the daytime and night-time assessment periods, and is dependent on the level of vibration as
well as the duration.
3.2.2 Effects on Building Contents
People perceive vibration at levels well below those likely to cause damage to building contents. For most
receivers, the human comfort vibration criteria are the most stringent and it is generally not necessary to set
separate criteria for vibration effects on typical building contents.
Exceptions to this can occur when vibration sensitive equipment, such as electron microscopes, are located in
buildings near to construction works. No such items of equipment have been identified in the proposal area.
3.2.3 Structural and Cosmetic Damage Vibration
If vibration from construction works is sufficiently high it can cause damage to structural elements of affected
buildings. The levels of vibration required to cause cosmetic damage tend to be at least an order of magnitude
(10 times) higher than those at which people can perceive vibration.
Examples of damage that can occur includes cracks or loosening of drywall surfaces, cracks in supporting
columns and loosening of joints. Structural damage vibration limits are contained in British Standard BS 7385
and German Standard DIN 4150.
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BS 7385
British Standard BS 7385 recommends vibration limits for transient vibration judged to give a minimal risk of
vibration induced damage to affected buildings. The limits for residential and industrial buildings are shown in
Table 9.
Table 9 BS 7385 Transient Vibration Values for Minimal Risk of Damage
Group Type of Building Peak Component Particle Velocity in Frequency
Range of Predominant Pulse
4 Hz to 15 Hz 15 Hz and Above
1 Reinforced or framed structures. Industrial and heavy 50 mm/s at 4 Hz and above
commercial buildings
2 Unreinforced or light framed structures. Residential or 15 mm/s at 4 Hz 20 mm/s at 15 Hz
light commercial type buildings increasing to 20 mm/s increasing to 50 mm/s
at 15 Hz at 40 Hz and above
Note 1: Where the dynamic loading caused by continuous vibration may give rise to dynamic magnification due to resonance, especially at the
lower frequencies where lower guide values apply, then the guide values may need to be reduced by up to 50%.
For heritage buildings, the standard states that “a building of historical value should not (unless it is structurally
unsound) be assumed to be more sensitive”.
DIN 4150
German Standard DIN 4150 also provides guideline vibration limits for different buildings. Damage is not
expected to occur where the values are complied with and the values are generally recognised to be
conservative. The DIN 4150 values for buildings and structures are shown in Table 10.
Table 10 DIN 4150 Guideline Values for Short-term Vibration on Structures
Group Type of Structure Guideline Values Vibration Velocity (mm/s)
Foundation, All Directions at a Topmost Floor Slabs,
Frequency of Floor, Vertical
Horizontal
1 to 10 Hz 10 to 50 Hz 50 to 100 Hz All frequencies All frequencies
1 Buildings used for commercial purposes, 20 20 to 40 40 to 50 40 20
industrial buildings and buildings of similar
design
2 Residential buildings and buildings of 5 5 to 15 15 to 20 15 20
similar design and/or occupancy
3 Structures that, because of their particular 3 3 to 8 8 to 10 8 201
sensitivity to vibration, cannot be classified
as Group 1 or 2 and are of great intrinsic
value (eg heritage listed buildings)
Note 1: It may be necessary to lower the relevant guideline value markedly to prevent minor damage.
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3.2.4 Minimum Working Distances for Vibration Intensive Works
Minimum working distances for typical vibration intensive construction equipment are provided in the Roads
and Maritime (now Transport for NSW) Construction Noise and Vibration Guideline (CNVG) and are shown in
Table 11. The minimum working distances are for both cosmetic damage (from BS 7385 and DIN 4150) and
human comfort (from the NSW EPA Vibration Guideline). They are based on empirical data which suggests that
where works are further from receivers than the quoted minimum distances then impacts are not considered
likely.
Table 11 Recommended Minimum Working Distances from Vibration Intensive Equipment
Plant Item Rating/Description Minimum Distance
Cosmetic Damage Human
Response
Residential and Heritage Items (NSW EPA
Light Commercial (DIN 4150, Group 3) Guideline)
(BS 7385)
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3.3.1.1 Industrial Noise Trigger Levels
The NPfI defines how to determine ‘trigger levels’ for noise emissions from industrial developments. Where a
development is likely to exceed the trigger levels at existing noise sensitive receivers, feasible and reasonable
noise management measures are required to be considered to reduce the impacts.
There are two types of trigger levels – one to account for ‘intrusive’ noise impacts and one to protect the
‘amenity’ of particular land uses:
• The intrusiveness of an industrial noise source is generally considered acceptable if the LAeq noise level
of the source, measured over a period of 15-minutes, does not exceed the representative background
noise level by more than 5 dB. Intrusive noise levels are only applied to residential receivers. For other
receiver types, only the amenity levels apply.
• To limit continual increases in noise levels from the use of the intrusiveness level alone, the ambient
noise level within an area from all industrial sources should remain below the recommended amenity
levels specified in the NPfI for that particular land use.
Intrusive and amenity noise levels are not used directly as regulatory limits. They are used to assess the potential
impact of noise, assess feasible and reasonable mitigation options and subsequently determine achievable noise
requirements.
The NPfI provides guidance on assigning residential receiver amenity noise categories based on the site-specific
features shown in Table 12.
Table 12 Residential Receiver Amenity
Receiver Typical Planning Land Use Typical Existing Description
Category Zoning Background Noise
Levels (RBL)
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Receiver Typical Planning Land Use Typical Existing Description
Category Zoning Background Noise
Levels (RBL)
Urban R1 – general residential Daytime >45 dBA Urban – an area with an acoustical
residential R4 – high density Evening >40 dBA environment that:
residential Night >35 dBA • Is dominated by ‘urban hum’ or industrial
B1 – neighbourhood centre source noise, where urban hum means the
(boarding houses and shop-top aggregate sound of many unidentifiable,
housing) mostly traffic and/or industrial related sound
B2 – local centre sources
(boarding houses) • Has through-traffic with characteristically
B4 – mixed use heavy and continuous traffic flows during peak
periods
• Is near commercial districts or industrial
districts
• Has any combination of the above.
Amenity noise categories for the surrounding receivers have been determined with reference to the NPFI. The
assessment is shown in Table 13.
Table 13 Residential Receiver Amenity Category Assessment
Area Land Use Existing Background Resulting Discussion
Zoning Noise Levels RBL Amenity
(dBA) Classification
Day Eve Night
Residential R2 – low 39 36 31 Suburban The area is zoned as R2 – low density
to the north density residential, therefore, the residences have
(R04) residential been classified as suburban.
Residential - 46 45 37 Suburban The nearby area is zoned as R2 – low density
to the east residential, therefore, the residences have
(R01 – R02) been classified as suburban.
Residential R2 – low 46 45 37 Suburban The area is zoned as R2 – low density
to the east density residential, therefore, the residences have
(R03) residential been classified as suburban.
Residential - 44 43 39 Suburban The nearby area is zoned as R2 – low density
to the west residential, therefore, the residences have
(R05 – R07) been classified as suburban.
3.3.1.2 Project Noise Trigger Levels
The trigger levels for industrial noise from the proposal are summarised in Table 14. They are based on the
previously measured background noise levels, where appropriate. The Project Noise Trigger Levels (PNTL) are
the most stringent of the intrusiveness and amenity trigger level for each period and are highlighted below.
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Table 14 Project Noise Trigger Levels
Receivers Period Recommended Measured Noise Level (dBA) Project Noise Trigger Levels
Amenity Noise LAeq(15minute) (dBA)
Level LAeq (dBA)
RBL1 LAeq(period) Intrusiveness Amenity2,3
Residential to Daytime 55 39 53 44 53
the north
Evening 45 36 51 41 43
(R04)
Night-time 40 31 48 36 38
Residential to Daytime 55 46 55 51 53
the east
Evening 45 45 53 50 43
(R01 – R03)
Night-time 40 37 52 42 404
Residential to Daytime 55 44 51 49 53
the west
Evening 45 43 54 48 43
(R05 – R07)
Night-time 40 39 49 44 38
Child care When in use 505 n/a n/a n/a 48
centres
(R08)
Commercial When in use 65 n/a n/a n/a 63
receivers
(R08)
Note 1: RBL = Rating Background Level.
Note 2: The recommended amenity noise levels have been reduced by 5 dB, where appropriate, to give the project amenity noise levels due to
other sources of industrial noise being present in the area, as outlined in the NPfI.
Note 3: The project amenity noise levels have been converted to a 15-minute level by adding 3 dB, as outlined in the NPfI.
Note 4: The measured LAeq noise level was dominated by road traffic noise and exceeds the recommended amenity noise level by 10 dB or more,
therefore the ‘high traffic project amenity noise level’ is the existing LAeq(traffic) noise level minus 15 dB.
Note 5: The NPfI and AS2107 do not provide specific guideline noise levels for childcare centres, as such an internal criterion of 40 dBA has been
used with a 10 dB external to internal, which is generally considered representative of windows being partially open for ventilation
3.3.1.3 Sleep Disturbance
The potential for sleep disturbance from maximum noise level events during the night-time period from the
development is required to be considered.
The NPfI defines the sleep disturbance screening level as 52 dBA LAFmax or the prevailing background level plus
15 dB, whichever is greater.
The sleep disturbance screening levels for the development are shown in Table 15.
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Table 15 Sleep Disturbance Screening Levels
Location Noise Level (dBA)
Measured Prevailing Night-time Sleep Disturbance Screening Level1
Background Level
Residential to the north (R04) 31 52
Residential to the east (R01 – R03) 37 52
Residential to the west (R05 – R07) 39 54
Note 1: The sleep disturbance screening level as 52 dBA LAFmax or the prevailing background level plus 15 dB, whichever is greater
A detailed maximum noise level event assessment should be completed where the sleep disturbance screening
level is exceeded. The detailed assessment should cover the maximum noise level, the extent to which the
maximum noise level exceeds the RBL, and the number of times this happens during the night-time period.
The NPfI refers to the Road Noise Policy (RNP) for additional information regarding sleep disturbance. Health
Council studies are referenced which indicate that for short-term or transient noise events, for good sleep over
eight hours the indoor LAFmax sound pressure level should ideally not exceed around 45 dBA more than 10 or 15
times per night.
The RNP goes on to conclude that from the research on sleep disturbance to date:
• Maximum internal noise levels below 50 dBA to 55 dBA are unlikely to awaken people from sleep
• One or two events per night with maximum internal noise levels of 65-70 dBA are not likely to affect
health and wellbeing significantly.
3.3.2 Corrections for Annoying Noise Characteristics
Sources of industrial noise can cause greater annoyance where they contain certain characteristics, such as
tonality, intermittency or dominant low-frequency content. The NPfI specifies the following modifying factor
corrections, shown in Table 16, which are to be applied where annoying characteristics are present. The
corrections are to be added to the noise level at the receiver before comparison with the Project Noise Trigger
Levels.
Table 16 NPfI Modifying Factor Corrections
Factor Assessment/Measurement When to Apply Correction1
Tonal noise One-third octave or narrow Level of one-third octave band exceeds the level of the 5 dB2
band analysis adjacent bands on both sides by the levels defined in
the NPfI.
Low-frequency Measurement of source Measure/assess source contribution C and A weighted 2 or 5 dB2
noise contribution C-weighted and Leq,t levels over same time period. Correction to be
A-weighted level and one- applied where the C minus A level is 15 dB or more
third octave measurements and the level to which the thresholds defined in the
NPfI are exceeded.
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Factor Assessment/Measurement When to Apply Correction1
Intermittent Subjectively assessed but The source noise heard at the receiver varies by more 5 dB3
noise should be assisted with than 5 dB and the intermittent nature of the noise is
measurement to gauge the clearly audible.
extent of change in noise level The NPfI further defines intermittent noise as noise
where the level suddenly drops/increases several
times during the assessment period, with a noticeable
change in source noise level of at least 5 dB, for
example, equipment cycling on and off. The
intermittency correction is not intended to be applied
to changes in noise level due to meteorology.
Maximum Refer to individual modifying Where two or more modifying factors are indicated. Maximum
adjustment factors correction
of 10 dB2
(excluding
duration
correction)
Note 1: Corrections to be added to the measured or predicted levels.
Note 2: Where a source emits tonal and low-frequency noise, only one 5 dB correction should be applied if the tone is in the low-frequency range,
that is, at or below 160 Hz.
Note 3: Adjustment to be applied to night-time only.
Details of the modifying factor corrections applied in the assessment are provided in Section 4.2.
3.3.3 Traffic on Surrounding Roads
The potential impacts from proposal related traffic on the surrounding public roads are assessed using the NSW
EPA Road Noise Policy (RNP).
An initial screening test is first applied to evaluate if existing road traffic noise levels are expected to increase by
more than 2.0 dB. Where this is considered likely, further assessment is required using the RNP criteria shown
in Table 17.
Table 17 RNP/NCG Criteria for Assessing Traffic on Public Roads
Road Category Type of Project/Land Use Assessment Criteria (dBA)
Daytime Night-time
(7 am – 10 pm) (10 pm – 7 am)
Freeway/ Existing residences affected by additional traffic on existing LAeq(15hour) 60 LAeq(9hour) 55
arterial/ freeways/arterial/sub-arterial roads generated by land use (external) (external)
sub-arterial roads developments
Local roads Existing residences affected by additional traffic on existing LAeq(1hour) 55 LAeq(1hour) 50
local roads generated by land use developments (external) (external)
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4 Methodology
4.1 Construction Noise and Vibration Assessment
A noise model of the study area has been used to predict noise levels from the proposed construction work to
all surrounding receivers. The model uses ISO 9613 algorithms in SoundPLAN software.
Local terrain, receiver buildings and structures were digitised in the noise model to develop a three-dimensional
representation of the construction sites and surrounding areas.
4.1.1 Construction Activities
Representative scenarios have been developed to assess the likely impacts from the various construction phases
of the proposal. These scenarios are shown in Table 18.
The assessment uses ‘realistic worst-case’ scenarios to determine the impacts from the noisiest 15-minute
period that are likely to occur for each work scenario, as required by the ICNG. The impacts represent
construction noise levels without mitigation applied.
The sound power levels for the construction equipment used in each scenario is presented in Appendix C.
Table 18 Construction Equipment
Scenario Equipment
Civil Work Excavator (30t) with hammer, excavator (30t), articulated dump truck (30t), grader,
roller (20t), watercart
Structural Steel Mobile crane (30t), elevated working platform, hand tools, hiab truck, watercart
Cladding Mobile crane (30t), franna crane, elevated working platform, hand tools, watercart
Fitout (Internal) Concrete mixer truck and pump, concrete saw, elevated working platform, scissor lift,
hand tools, freanna crane, forklift
Stormwater and Pavements Excavator (30t) with hammer, excavator (15t), grader, roller (20t), roller (7t), tipper truck,
truck and dog, water cart
4.1.2 Hours of Construction
Construction activities for the proposal would only be undertaken during the following hours:
• 7:00 am to 6:00 pm, Mondays to Fridays
• 8:00 am to 1:00 pm on Saturdays
• At no time on Sundays or Public Holidays.
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4.2 Operational Noise Assessment
The project is in the early design stages and the future tenants are currently unknown. Several assumptions
have been made regarding the future tenants and sources of noise, based on the likely warehouse and
distribution uses. These assumptions have been used to develop representative worst-case noise modelling
scenarios that reflect the highest noise emissions that the development would likely emit.
The potential operational noise levels from the proposal have been predicted to the surrounding receivers using
the CONCAWE industrial noise algorithm in SoundPLAN. The model includes ground topography, ground type
(ground absorption modelled as 0 for the development site, 0.5 for residential areas and 0.75 for open grass
areas), buildings and representative worst-case noise sources from the proposal.
The potential impacts have been determined by comparing the predicted worst-case noise levels to the NPfI
PNTLs in a 15-minute assessment period.
4.2.1 Operational Noise Sources
Lot 1 is a speculative development with no tenants committed. The facility has been designed to accommodate
typical warehouse and distribution centre occupiers.
The main sources of operational noise at the development are expected to include:
• On-site light and heavy vehicle movements
• Loading dock activities
• Mechanical plant
• Off-site vehicle movements.
A summary of the expected noise sources and worst-case assessment scenarios associated with the operation
of the development is provided below.
On-Site Traffic
On-site vehicles have been modelled using the data in Table 19. The volumes are representative of the worst-
case 15-minute period for the daytime, evening and night-time. The volumes conservatively assume that light
and heavy vehicles concurrently access the various warehouse tenancies during the worst-case 15-minute
assessment period. In reality, vehicle access to each warehouse would be unlikely to occur concurrently,
particularly during the night-time.
Heavy vehicle deliveries to the proposal may be via a range of freight vehicles up to large trucks (ie semi-trailers
or b-doubles).
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Table 19 Vehicle Traffic Data – Worst-case 15-Minute Period
Vehicle Type Location Sound Vehicle Speed Number of Vehicles in Worst-case 15-minute
Power (km/h) Period
Level
Daytime Evening Night-time
(dBA) (7am to 6pm) (6pm to 10pm) (10pm to 7am)
1,2
Large trucks Access 108 15 6 1 1
Large trucks Loading dock 1081,2 5 6 1 1
3
Light vehicles Car park 96 20 20 5 2
Note 1: Sound power level for large trucks based on 106 dBA for trucks at slow speed for 80% of the time and 111 dBA for trucks accelerating for
20% of the time. Sound power level for medium trucks based on 100 dBA for trucks at slow speed for 80% of the time and 106 dBA for
trucks accelerating for 20% of the time.
Note 2: Sound power levels taken from the Federal Highway Administration’s Traffic Noise Model.
Note 3: Sound power level taken from Road Traffic Noise Prediction Model “ASJ RTN-Model 2013” Proposed by the Acoustical Society of Japan –
Part 2: Study on Sound Emission of Road Vehicles, OKADA et al, Internoise 2014, and accounts for vehicles accelerating.
Loading Dock
Details of the loading dock noise sources are shown in Table 20. The various sources have been modelled in the
loading dock area based on the corresponding number of heavy vehicle movements in the worst-case 15-minute
periods (see Table 19).
Table 20 Typical Breezeway and Loading Dock Noise Sources
Noise Source Sound Power Level (dBA) Typical Duration of Use in Source Height (m)1
Worst-case 15-minute Period
Truck reversing alarm 1073 30 seconds 1.0
2 3
Forklift reversing alarm 102 90 seconds 0.5
Truck air brakes 118 1 second 1.0
Roller door 94 15 seconds 6.0
Gas forklift 93 900 seconds 1.0
Note 1: Relative to local elevation at ground floor.
Note 2: SWL based on recommendation to use broadband reversing alarms, see Section 6.2.
Note 3: SWL includes a -3 dB reduction due to alarms being discrete events.
Internal Activities
The internal noise-generating activities are expected to generally be minimal. An internal reverberant noise
level of 75 dBA has been included for the warehouse to represent breakout from general internal activities
through roller shutter doors. Warehouse roller shutter doors are assumed to be open during loading dock
activities.
Mechanical Plant
Mechanical plant associated with the proposal includes air-conditioning equipment serving the office buildings
and roof mounted extraction fans for the warehouse. Mechanical plant associated with the proposal is shown
in Table 21.
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The office air-conditioning is assumed to be operational during the daytime period, with the extraction fans
operational for the entire 24 hour period.
Table 21 Mechanical Plant
Noise Source Sound Power Level Location Operational Time
(dBA)1
Air-conditioning 72 dBA Ground level on north facade 8 am to 6 pm
equipment
Extraction fans 90 dBA Two on warehouse roof 24 hours
Note 1: Specific details of the mechanical plant are not available at this stage. SWL data based on manufacturer data for equipment typical to a
warehouse of this size.
The locations of the operational noise sources are shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 Modelled Noise Source Locations
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4.2.2 Corrections for Annoying Noise Characteristics
The potential annoying noise characteristics and modifying factor corrections relevant to the proposal are:
• Tonality – the only source identified with potential tonal characteristics is reversing alarms. However,
broadband reversing alarms have been recommended as a noise mitigation measure (see Section 6.2),
and it is unlikely that this noise source would result in tonal noise impacts. Therefore, no corrections
for tonality noise have been applied.
• Low frequency noise – previous measurements of sources similar to those operating at the
development indicate that no sources are expected to result in low frequency noise impacts.
• Intermittent noise – the NPfI defines intermittent noise as noise heard at the receiver where the level
suddenly drops or increases several times during the assessment period, with a noticeable change of
at least 5 dB. The audibility of noise would depend on several factors occurring at the time of
potentially intermittent noise events, including the other noise sources operating at the development
site and the existing background noise level at the receiver.
The only source identified with potential intermittent characteristics is reversing alarms. However,
when considering broadband reversing alarms have been recommended as a noise mitigation measure
(see Section 6.2), and that the nearest residential receivers are around 150 m away, it is unlikely that
this noise source would result in noise impacts at the receiver that change by at least 5 dB. Therefore,
no corrections for intermittent noise have been applied.
4.2.3 Noise Sources with Potential for Sleep Disturbance
As the development is proposed to operate 24-hours a day, noise emissions during the night-time require
assessment for potential sleep disturbance at the nearest residential receivers. The details of typical activities
with the potential to cause sleep disturbance are shown in Table 22.
Table 22 Sleep Disturbance Noise Events – LAmax Sound Power Levels
Noise Source Sound Power Level LAmax (dBA) Source Height (m)1
Large truck airbrake 118 1.0
Forklift reversing alarm 105 0.5
Roller door 94 6.0
Note 1: Relative to local elevation at ground floor.
4.2.4 Off-site Road Traffic
Traffic associated with the development is expected to enter and exit the directly on to Bringelly Road, with the
traffic volumes shown in Table 23.
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