Italian National Collaborative Project on electrochemical energy storage: an overview - Pier Paolo Prosini, ENEA
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Pier Paolo Prosini, ENEA - pierpaolo.prosini@enea.it Italian National Collaborative Project on electrochemical energy storage: an overview
The -
-
Electrochemical storage (WP1) - 4.0 M €
Thermal storage (WP2) - 1.2 M €
Electrochemical
- Power to Gas (WP3) - 7.8 M €
- Production of H2 from renewables (WP4) - 1.2
M€
storage is a part
of a larger project Thermal
storage 8.5% Electrochemical
storage 28 %
The project has an estimated
total cost of 14.2 M € and is
composed of 4 WP
H2 from
P2G 55% renewables
8.5%
Universities ENEA 6.8 M€
2.12 M€
SOTACARBO
5.28 M€
The beneficiaries
Dipartimento di Chimica - Giacomo Ciamician - Bologna
Dipartimento di Chimica Scuola di Scienze e Tecnologie - Sezione Chimica - Camerino
Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per l'Ingegneria - Sapienza - Roma
Centro di Ricerca di Sapienza Università di Roma Hydro-Eco – Sapienza - Roma
involved Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia – Politecnico - Torino
Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche - Federico II - Napoli
Dipartimento di Chimica - Sapienza - Roma
Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’informazione - Pisa
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale - Tor Vergata - Roma
ENEA
Dipartimento di Fisica - Tor Vergata - Roma
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Materiali Ambiente – Sapienza – Roma
Sotacarbo
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale – Perugia
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile e Ambientale – Padova
16 Universities
Dipartimento di Scienze Agro Ambientali e Territoriali - Politecnico - Bari,
Dipartimento di scienze Agro Ambientali e Territoriali - Aldo Moro - Bari
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Materiali, Ambiente – Sapienza – Roma
(22 Departments) Dipartimento di Energia – Politecnico – Milano
Dipartimento di Ingegneria – Roma Tre – Roma
Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale – Parma
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica chimica e dei materiali – Cagliari
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale – Salerno
Dipartimento Chimica e Chimica Industriale - Pisa
Description of the project Through an approach that aims at the integration and complementarity of the different solutions available (electrical, thermal and P2G storage), the project has the general objective of improving and increasing the daily and / or seasonal storage capacity, favoring the penetration of RES as well as in the residential sector, in other energy-intensive sectors, including transport and industry, while ensuring the balancing of electricity networks with high generation from vRES. The project is organized in 4 different WPs. For each of the research programs it is planned to: - Increase the efficiency, reliability and eco-compatibility of the proposed storage technologies; - Minimize investment and maintenance costs and operating risks.
WP1 – Electrochemical storage
Lithium batteries represent the best performing electrochemical storage system currently available.
However, there are still unresolved challenges:
The research activities will therefore focus on
- high costs the study of:
- criticality in terms of capacity
- liquid electrolyte which represents a - innovative lithium-ion battery materials
significant cost / weight in the battery - sodium-ion battery materials
- criticality, in terms of availability, of some - materials for Li-sulfur and Li- oxygen batteries
raw materials -electrolytes for batteries based on ionic liquids
- environmental impact - scale-up of production processes
- safety - studies on aging and second life
Electrode materials for innovative Li / Na-ion batteries TRL3 → TRL5
1. Anode materials: silicon nanowires, metal hydrides, hard carbon
hybrid carbon nanostructures, nanocomposite anodes, lithium
metal.
2019: the basic structures 2020: previously prepared 2021: cell characterizations
that will serve as a support materials will be will continue. Graphene-
for the preparation of characterized and their based materials will be
composite anodes based on electrochemical properties functionalized with alloys
variously nanostructured in lithium metal cells will electrochemically
silicon and carbon nanowires begin to be evaluated. The active. The synthesis of
(graphene foam or carbon synthesis will be modified to composite alloying and
nano walls) will be try to improve the conversion materials for
synthesized. Precursors performance of the lithium-ion cells will be
based on magnesium hydride materials. The use of perfected by exploring the
and hard carbon of alternative supports and use of different precursors
vegetable origin will be protective layers for lithium of active materials. Batteries
prepared. The metal metal will be evaluated. with a lithium metal anode
nanocomposite anodes will will be produced.
be prepared and the studies
on lithium metal will begin.
In partnership with: LA SAPIENZA, UNICAMERINO, POLITORINOElectrode materials for innovative Li / Na-ion batteries TRL3 → TRL5
2. Cathode materials: theoretical studies, synthesis of lamellar /
spinel oxides, synthesis of mixed oxides at high working voltage.
2019: Through a 2020: The substitution 2021: The activity will
computational protocol, the energy of dopant cations in continue with the study of
. profile of
potential-capacity the structure of the the interaction of the
the cathode will be materials will be calculated cathode with the solid
calculated, and various metal through DFT calculations. polymer electrolytes and the
oxides will be synthesized by The EC performances of the initial stages of interphase
solid-state synthesis, by cathodes in prolonged formation on the lithium
mechano-chemistry, by high- cycling at high current metal electrode. The study
energy ball milling and high- density in cells with of the best cathode materials
temperature thermal optimized lithium anode and will be deepened. The
processes. The effect on the electrolyte will be evaluated. reaction mechanisms will be
structure and morphology of At the end of the second studied, in terms of diffusion
the material obtained will be year, the material among coefficient and lithium
studied, with X-ray those studied that shows the transfer number, even in the
diffraction techniques, best performance in the cell presence of optimized
thermogravimetry and SEM. will be identified. electrolytes.
In partnership with: LA SAPIENZA, UNITORVERGATA, UNINAPOLI,Electrode materials for innovative Li / Na-ion batteries TRL3 → TRL5
3. Electrolyte materials: stable electrolytes, ionic liquids, innovative
separators, polymer gel membranes.
2019: Synthetic pathways 2020: Composite systems 2021: Ionic liquids will be
will be developed to obtain based on ionic liquids will be incorporated into
highly pure ionic liquids with tested in lithium or lithium membranes based on PVdF
pyrrolidine or piperidine. ion cells. With the advanced or PEO to obtain gelled
Advanced separators made separators, batteries will be polymer electrolytes (GPE)
with the electrospinning produced that use lithium as with which lithium metal
technique will be produced. an anode and LiFePO4 as a batteries will be made and
A non-aqueous electrolyte cathode material. A post- tested. The possibility of
for Na-ion cells will be mortem morphological developing a Li / Na mixed
selected. The transport analysis of the batteries will ion battery will be explored.
phenomena of alkali ions will be performed to evaluate The electrochemical
be investigated by means of the condition of the performance of electrolytes
ab initio modeling and DFT membrane after cycling. produced in laboratory-scale
calculations on photo- Cells will be made with the cells under various operating
reticulated PEO based photo-reticulated PEO- conditions will be evaluated.
systems. based solid electrolyte.
In partnership with: LA SAPIENZA, UNIBOLOGNA, POLITORINOElectrode materials for lithium metal batteries TRL3 → TRL5
Li-metal batteries: cathode materials, Li-S batteries, cathode and
electrolytic materials eg Li-Air batteries.
2019: study and design of 2020: realization of some 2021: monopolar cells will
monopolar Li-S cells with examples of cells with a be assembled together in
capacities up to 100 mAh. capacity up to 100 mAh and order to reach the capacity
Selection and formulation of electrochemical analysis. of 500 mAh. the possibility
natural binders (pullulan, Various electrode formu- of using natural polymers
cellulose, chitosan, alginate) lations will be investigated and bio-char carbons as
and their mixtures with for the first tests for the components of Li / O2
plasticizers for Li-Air realization of high-potential batteries will be explored, in
batteries. New membranes cathodes, based on LNMO particular for separating
reinforced with nanometric and biochar using aqueous membranes and electrode
fillers will be created by suspensions and natural components. Complete Li-
means of thermo- binders. New nanoscale Air cells with lithium metal
polymerization for the catalysts will be prepared at the anode and the various
protection of lithium metal with microwave synthesis or catalysts in the cathode will
in Li-Air batteries. through other innovative be built and tested.
methodologies.
In partnership with: UNIBO, POLITOScale-up of production processes TRL3 → TRL5
Rotogravure printing for the deposition of electrodes, scale up of the
synthesis processes, realization of complete Li-ion cells.
2019: Multicomponent ink 2020: the process 2021: Gravure produced
formulations compatible parameters for the electrodes will be tested in
with gravure printing production of rotogravure laboratory scale devices. It is
techniques will be produced. electrodes will be optimized. planned to optimize the
A process will be developed, 1kg of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 will be production process of the
and its scalability verified for synthesized. The second electrode material
the synthesis of the cathode development and scalability with the synthesis of 1kg of
material with the formula process of a second product. 50 mAh lithium-ion
LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4. The influence electrode material will begin. batteries will be made. The
of the laying parameters Monopolar configuration batteries will be
(composition of the mixture lithium-ion batteries will be characterized with cycles at
and height of the wet realized by coupling different discharge rates and
deposit) on the final density together anode and cathode their performance will be
of the electrode load on the with optimized porosity and evaluated over time.
electrode layers will be cathode load.
evaluated.Study on aging and second-life TRL3 → TRL5
Carrying out tests to predict battery aging, implementing the second
life storage system and the BMS..
2019: an appropriate set of 2020: thermal management 2021: the environmental
experimental tests will be of the 2nd life system characteristics (module,
prepared and carried out to previously created will be rack, room) necessary to
verify the ability of the taken care of in order to limit host the stationary storage
mathematical model overheating problems. A system made with second
developed on the basis of the case study will be identified life cells will be defined. An
experimental data for the sizing of the storage optimized energy
accumulated in previous system, deepening the sizing management strategy for
years to estimate the life criteria. The hardware and the system will be defined.
span of a battery (at cell software specifications of a The control and
level) based on the incidence BMS will be defined for the management system will be
of different stressors. The management of cells in implemented with extreme
results obtained will be used second life. flexibility in terms of the
for the calibration of the number and size of the cells
model or for any interconnected in series.
improvement of the same.
In partnership with: UNIPISA, UNITORVERGATAParticipation to European and non-European initiative
The main activities in the international field will see participation
in the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the European
Energy Research Alleance (EERA), contributing to the theme
"Energy storage" with participation in the "Electrochemical
Storage" working group. During this three-year period,
participation in various events, such as congresses or workshops,
in which to present the results obtained is also expected.Deliverables and dissemination of results
The drafting of numerous technical reports, the publication of articles in
scientific journals and the participation in national and international
conferences is also expected.
Thanks for your attention
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