INDOOR AIR QUALITY IAQ, POWERED FILTRATION, AND AIR CLEANING - Mike Farnsworth Regional Sales Manager Dynamic Air Quality Solutions - Varitec ...
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INDOOR AIR QUALITY IAQ, POWERED FILTRATION, AND AIR CLEANING Mike Farnsworth Regional Sales Manager Dynamic Air Quality Solutions
DYNAMIC AIR QUALITY SOLUTIONS Since 1982, Dynamic has been manufacturing award winning air cleaning systems that improve IAQ, save energy, and reduce maintenance around the world. Including anthrax clean-up, the world’s most valuable art collection, mission critical government facilities, and the ASHRAE headquarters. Many of which are LEED buildings.
DYNAMIC AQS POWERED FILTRATION • Per ASHRAE – Improved Filtration or “Air Cleaner” • Powered Filtration Technology • Proven to Increase Particulate Filtration • Removes UFP, TVOC, and Gas Phase Contaminants • Greater Dust Holding Capacity
EVOLUTION OF INDOOR AIR First man wanted… 1. HEAT 2. COOLING 3. HUMIDITY CONTROL And now… CLEAN AIR (airborne contaminant control)
WHAT IS INDOOR AIR QUALITY? FROM ASHRAE STANDARD 62.1 - 2012 Acceptable Indoor Air Quality (IAQ): Air in which there are no known contaminants at harmful concentrations as determined by cognizant authorities; and with which a substantial majority (80% or more) of the people exposed do not express dissatisfaction…
BEYOND BASICS IAQ ALSO APPLIES TO: Application Requirements: 1. OSHA 2. LEED 3. WELL Buildings 4. Healthcare 5. Etc. Occupant Requirements: 1. People need and expect clean air
IAQ, PEOPLE, PRODUCTIVITY PRIMARY FUNCTION OF THE BUILDING IS TO IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY Indoor Environmental Air Quality is Critical 1. Health and Wellness 2. Building Health 3. Increased Productivity 4. Operations 1. “The effects of Indoor Air Quality on Performance, Behavior and Productivity” - David P. Wyon 2. “Assessment of link between productivity and indoor air Quality” - Charles E. Dorgan & Chad B. Dorgan
“AIR” IS MADE UP OF… 78% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen 1% Argon 0.04% Carbon Dioxide 0.003% Other AND WHAT ELSE?... Particles Biologicals Gas Phase
PARTICULATE 1. “Dust” measured in micrometers 2. 1 micron = 1 millionth of a meter 3. Human hair is 50-100 microns 4. Smallest the eye can see?… 5. 10 microns Sources: People, Textiles, Vehicles, Agriculture, Pollen, Mold, Combustion, Dust….
TYPICAL ATMOSPHERIC DUST visible dust pollen molds bacteria smoke viruses ultrafine 1. The basketball is 10 microns 2. As particulate decreases in weight / volume 3. There is an increase in count, or quantity
BY WEIGHT AND VOLUME 1. Most of what is in the air is “big” 2. 97% is bigger than 1 micron 3. What shows on gravimetric testing for PM10 and PM 2.5 *This is what builds up on coils and diffusers and has been the target of filters in most systems.
BIOLOGICAL CONTAMINANTS A SUBSET OF PARTICLES… 1. Insects 2. Mold 3. Bacteria 4. Viruses… Sources: Animals, Soil, Plants, People, Wet Building Products….
COVID-19 WHAT WE KNOW COVID-19’s travels through the air on droplet nuclei from sneezes, coughs, and breathing Nuclei size can range from 0.6 to 10+ micron in size. With the majority being 1-3 micron. The virus itself is ~0.15 micron. Droplet nuclei become smaller quickly as contained moisture evaporates Larger droplet nuclei, can remain in the air, but likely settle. Smaller nuclei can stay suspended and could make it into the HVAC system before settling.
ASHRAE POSITIONAPRIL ASHRAE POSITION ONDOCUMENT ON INFECTION AEROSOLS 2020 INFECTION AEROSOLS
BUT, BY COUNT?... 1. 98% of what's in the air is smaller than 0.5 microns 2. Below effective range of many filters. HEPA = 0.3 microns 3. Which can bypass the body’s defenses 4. Almost always have a natural charge *This is where you see health effects and electronics failures
WHAT ADVERSELY IMPACTS IAQ? *Ultrafine Particles (UFPs) are the most dangerous and most of what is in the air “…high pulmonary deposition efficiency, …UFPs surface can carry large amounts of adsorbed toxic air pollutants (oxidant gases, organic compounds, transition metals)” (Oberdörster 2001)
WHAT ARE ULTRAFINE PARTICLES? 1. Smaller than 0.1 micron 2. Vast majority of what is in the air by count • Especially in an urban setting 3. UFP’s carry adsorbed gas phase contaminants NIH: Inhalation of UFP’s is a major source for introducing cardiovascular and pulmonary stressors into the body. UFP’s also deposit on electronic components and can lead to premature failure.
GAS PHASE CONTAMINANTS 1. VOC’s 2. Carbon Dioxide 3. Hydrogen Sulfide 4. Carbon Monoxide 5. Etc. Sources: Vehicles, Industry, Urban Environments, Agriculture, Forest Fires, Cleaning Supplies, People….
COVID-19 WHAT WE KNOW & SMALL PARTICULATES There has been a positive correlation between high levels of particles in outdoor air and transmission rates “Evaluation of the potential relationship between Particulate Matter (PM) pollution and COVID- 19 infection spread in Italy” – Leonardo Setti In a recent study, researchers found Corona Virus attached to particles in the HVAC system of healthcare facility treating COVID-19 patients “SARS-CoV-2 in Healthcare HVAC Systems” – Patrick F Horve, Leslie Dietz
MAINTAIN IAQ
THREE PRONG APPROACH 1. Avoid: • Source control • HVAC design • Envelope design 2. Dilute: • “The solution for pollution is dilution” 3. Remove: • Filters • Air Cleaning Technologies
AVOID 1. Source Control: • No Smoking for Example 2. HVAC Design: • Air intake away from sources • Exhaust vents • Loading docks 3. Envelope: • Isolate & exhaust indoor sources
DILUTION 1. Solution is Dilution (Ventilation): • Replace IA with OA 2. ASHRAE 62.1 (IAQP): • Replace OA with cleaned IA 3. Natural Ventilation: • Open the windows • Smell the breeze
REMOVAL 1. Passive Filters • Most Common • Electrostatic Enhanced 2. Powered Filters: • Active Polarization 3. Other Air Cleaning Tech: • UVC • PCO • Ionizers • Activated Carbon
PASSIVE FILTRATION • Rated per MERV parameters (MERV Rating) • Essentially a sieve • Face loading • Efficiency increased with loading • Pressure resistance increases with loading
PASSIVE MECHANISMS
TESTING OF PASSIVE FILTERS 1. ASHRAE Standard 52.2 • Single Pass • Particle counts in three size ranges • 72% SAE – 23% CB – 5% Cotton Liners 2. Eurovent EN 779 • EU Standard M-Classification 3. ISO 16890 • Proposed as International standard 4. DOP test for HEPA • Separate from MERV ratings
PASSIVE FILTER RATINGS
WHAT POSITIVELY IMPACTS IAQ? FROM ASHRAE STANDARD 62.1 - 2012 Air-cleaning system: a device or combination of devices applied to reduce the concentration of airborne contaminants, such as micro-organisms, dusts, fumes, respirable particles, other particulate matter, gases, and/or vapors in air.
ACTIVELY POLARIZED MEDIA
ACTIVELY POLARIZED MEDIA 1. Passive Mechanisms 2. Polarization & Electrostatic Attraction • Polarized fibers collect polarized particles 3. Agglomeration • UFP’s agglomerate to polarized particles • UFP’s adsorb VOC and gas phase 4. Different than “electrostatic filters” 1. Which lose their charge over time
PASSIVE MECHANISMS
POLARIZATION & ELECTROSTATIC ATTRACTION
AGGLOMERATION
POWERED FILTER FILTER RATINGS • Pursuant to ASHRAE 52.2 • Single Pass Efficiency Dynamic V8 in Operation
UFP & BLACK CARBON REDUCTION 92-99% UFP REDUCTION VS OUTSIDE AIR 2121 K. STREET, D.C.
TVOC REMOVAL CALGARY HOSPITAL
GAS PHASE & BIOLOGICAL CONTROL Germicidal (254nm) UVC Properly applied to inactivate surface and airborne biologicals Contact time and proximity are the key variables Ozone Generators, etc. O3 is powerful oxidant and can react with biologicals No O3 in occupied spaces, it is harmful to occupants Can be effective in an exhaust stream Photocatalytic Oxidization Ti2 and UVC reaction to create free hydroxyl radicals Requires contact with treated Ti2 media Relies on filtration for removal Bi-Polar Ionization Positive and Negative ion additive promotes particle reductions (filtered or settled) Ions and plasma field break down RNA of biologicals and virus over time to inactivate. *Should be UL2998
COVID-19 BIOLOGICAL INACTIVATION WHAT WE KNOW COVID-19 can live on a surface from 24 to 72 hours, depending on the material and environmental conditions This includes filtration media Over time, the virus can and will die on its own Given the chance and contact time, UVC can “kill” the virus UVC is recommended by ASHRAE (secondary to improving filtration), to accelerate the process
DYNAMIC AQS STERILE SWEEP • Capture – Hold – Kill (CHK) • Applied Directly to Media • 254nm (No Ozone) • Dedicated UVC Contact Time • Industry Proven UVC • Anthrax Cleanup • US Attorney Office • TB Hospitals • Mobile Hospital / Isolation Rooms
STERILE SWEEP CONTACT TIME • UVC Requires Contact Time • Also know as “dwell” • Too Little = Active Virus • Unlimited Contact Time at Media • Giving Consistent Kill Rate • UVC in duct work can require up to 6’-0” of airflow for proper contact time. UVC has been an industry Up to 90% Kill Rate After Five proven method for neutralizing Minutes on Bacillus Subtilis viruses and other pathogens
OVER 90% OF THE COST OF FILTRATION IS ENERGY
* Dust holding has direct impact on pressure and energy. IMPROVED DUST HOLDING
PERFORMANCE AND ENERGY EXAMPLE: 60,000 CFM AHU 1. 1” w.g. saving in mid-life static pressure 2. Saves 91,000 kWh per year 3. Reduces Fan by 11.7 BHP 4. Used for AHRAE 90.1 kWh
ENERGY SAVINGS EXAMPLE: SAVING 91,000 KWH 1. $8,000 - $12,000 saved 2. 2.25 kWh/sf/year saved 3. 123,000 pounds of carbon 4. 2,500 trees (carbon credits) 5. 107 cars not driven per year 6. Lower peak demand * Smaller and quieter fans Source: www.epa.gov/cleanenergy
ASHRAE HEADQUARTERS BMS
PROVEN RESULTS ASHRAE HQ BMS
MEASURE RESULTS IAQ SENSORS IAQ Sensor Space Ion Counter
THANK YOU Mike Farnsworth Regional Sales Manager Dynamic Air Quality Solutions
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