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1 IFRC Framework for Community Resilience www.ifrc.org Saving lives, changing minds.
2
The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent
Societies (IFRC) is the world’s largest volunteer-based
humanitarian network. Together with our 189 member National
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies worldwide, we reach
97 million people annually through long-term services and
development programmes as well as 85 million people through
disaster response and early recovery programmes. We act before,
during and after disasters and health emergencies to meet
the needs and improve the lives of vulnerable people. We do so
with impartiality as to nationality, race, gender, religious beliefs,
class and political opinions.
Guided by Strategy 2020 – our collective plan of action to tackle
the major humanitarian and development challenges of this
decade – we are committed to ‘saving lives and changing minds’.
Our strength lies in our volunteer network, our community-
based expertise and our independence and neutrality. We work
to improve humanitarian standards, as partners in development
and in response to disasters. We persuade decision-makers to act
at all times in the interests of vulnerable people.
The result: we enable healthy and safe communities, reduce
vulnerabilities, strengthen resilience and foster a culture of peace
around the world.
© International Federation of Red Cross
and Red Crescent Societies, Geneva, 2014
Any part of this publication may be cited, copied,
translated into other languages or adapted to meet
local needs without prior permission from the
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent
Societies, provided that the source is clearly stated.
Requests for commercial reproduction should be P.O. Box 303
directed to the IFRC Secretariat at secretariat@ifrc.org CH-1211 Geneva 19
Switzerland
All photos used in this study are copyright of the Telephone: +41 22 730 4222
IFRC unless otherwise indicated. Telefax: +41 22 733 0395
E-mail: secretariat@ifrc.org
Cover photo: Victor Lacken / IFRC Web site: www.ifrc.org Follow us:
A family from the Pipeline community near Monrovia,
Liberia, drying fish for sale in the market. Access to RMNCH Today
economic opportunities strengthens community resilience. 1282600 09/2014 E 50
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
IFRC Framework for Community Resilience 3
Background
For the International Federation of Red The original Framework for Community
Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) Safety and Resilience published in 2008
the concept of community resilience confirmed that the concepts identified
represents a unique opportunity as this were not new and did not demand new
approach in many ways captures the areas of work for the IFRC. Rather the
totality of what the IFRC is working to Framework for Community Safety and
achieve. Although their efforts may not Resilience suggested that community
have been characterized as ‘strengthening safety and resilience approaches provided
community resilience,’ this is in fact what National Societies with an opportunity
many National Societies have been doing to build on, enhance and adapt activities
over the course of many decades by sup- they had already been carrying out. This
porting their local communities. updated FCR reinforces that message. The
FCR builds on a foundation of decades of
The IFRC’s understanding of community experience, combined with recent learn-
resilience has grown to recognize the ever ing and research on resilience, while rec-
evolving and dynamic nature of commu- ognizing and proposing responses to some
nities and the underlying vulnerabilities of the major challenges faced by commu-
that challenge them. Responding to this nity approaches in strengthening resil-
reality, the IFRC’s approach has focused ience – thus providing the opportunity for
on combining humanitarian concern for a more systematic approach.
imminent threats with longer-term, sus-
tainable approaches and institutional The FCR has gone through an extensive
strengthening traditionally associated consultation process, both within the IFRC
with development. With an increased and externally. Examples of the consulta-
ability to adapt and cope with disasters, tion undertaken include: dedicated two-
crises, shocks and stresses communities day workshops conducted with represen-
can protect and build on development tatives of 64 National Societies in the four
gains that they have already made and zones; 77 National Societies participated
address the effects of underlying vulner- in community resilience workshops at the
abilities that challenge them. As being 2013 IFRC General Assembly; workshops
resilient includes being flexible in the face at various internal fora (e.g., with the di-
of changing risks, and climate change is saster preparedness and risk reduction
increasingly influencing risk patterns group of Partner National Societies and
everywhere, climate change considerations the Stockholm health group); and feed-
are an integral element of the Framework back received from a number of external
for Community Resilience (FCR). organizations and private sector partners.
Suggestions and recommendations from
all of these groups have informed the FCR.
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
IFRC Framework for Community Resilience 4
Our global commitments
Building on policies adopted and com- The declaration specifically noted that
mitments made at previous statutory ‘strengthening resilience should be a cen-
meetings, the 2013 IFRC General Assem- tral component of the new development
bly issued a declaration concerning the framework.’
post-2015 Development Agenda, commit-
ting the IFRC to helping shape the future The 2013 General Assembly also approved:
development agenda with three commit- 1. A revised set of principles and rules for
ments: humanitarian assistance to improve
a. enabling every community in high risk coordination so that together we can
areas to have capacity to prepare for maximize the mobilization and impact
and respond to disasters of Federation-wide resources and ex-
b. ensuring a volunteer in every commu- pertise.
nity we work with who is responsible 2. A National Society development frame-
for facilitating access to basic health work to guide organizational develop-
services ment and capacity building together
c. continuing efforts to strengthen National with a youth engagement strategy on
Children in Meulaboh, Indonesia, learn Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies – the role of youth in building strong Na-
how to clean their teeth. Basic hygiene is
an important life skill that strengthens to be trusted partners and auxiliaries to tional Societies.
community resilience by improving their governments in humanitarian and
community health.
International Federation development work.
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
IFRC Framework for Community Resilience 5
Objectives
This framework has the principle objec- The FCR has the goal of guiding and sup-
tive to: porting the work of National Societies
through the following three strategic ob-
‘Establish a foundation on jectives:
1. Supporting National Societies’ efforts to
which all IFRC programmes,
assist communities as they adopt risk-
projects, interventions and informed, holistic approaches to address
actions, across the contexts, their underlying vulnerabilities.
which contribute to the 2. Supporting National Societies’ efforts
strengthening of resilient that encourage communities to adopt de-
communities can be created, mand-driven, people-centred approaches
to community resilience strengthening.
developed and sustained.’ 3. Supporting National Societies to be con-
nected to communities – being avail-
able to everyone, everywhere to prevent
and reduce human suffering.
partnership
intervention
resilience communication
projects programmes
public informationInternational Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
IFRC Framework for Community Resilience 6
Understanding ‘resilience’
In common usage resilience typically re- 5. National government: resilience at this
lates to the ability of systems (and people) level deals with policy, social protection
to effectively respond and adapt to chang- systems, infrastructure, laws and gov-
ing circumstances and to develop skills, ernance issues and can profoundly im-
capacities, behaviours and actions to deal pact community resilience.
with adversity – ‘resilience’ can be de- 6. Organizations such as National Societ-
scribed as a process of adaptation before, ies including their branches and volun-
during and after an adverse event. teers: make contributions that are inte-
gral to resilience at all levels.
7. Regional and global levels: the im-
pacts of conflicts, violence and insecu-
The IFRC defines resilience as, “the ability rity; hunger; mass migration; economic
recession and prosperity; pandemics;
of individuals, communities, organizations
pollution and climate change; positive
or countries exposed to disasters, crises and and negative effects of globalization and
underlying vulnerabilities to anticipate, prepare new technology all offer examples of
for, reduce the impact of, cope with and recover the inter-connectedness of the levels and
from the effects of shocks and stresses without how actions at one level can negatively or
compromising their long-term prospects.” positively impact the other levels.
Resilience is relevant in all countries be-
cause all countries have communities that
are vulnerable. For the IFRC, resilience
The definition recognizes that resilience relates to all the activities that National
can be observed and strengthened at Societies carry out, regardless of whether
multiple levels: they are domestic or international; it is
about improving the sustainability and
1. Individual level: a resilient individual quality of the programmes and services
is healthy; has the knowledge, skills, that National Societies deliver in response
competencies and mind-set to adapt to to the demands of their communities and
new situations and improve her/his life, the scale at which these programmes and
and those of her/his family, friends and services are undertaken.
community. A resilient person is em-
powered.
2. Household level: a resilient household
has members who are themselves resil-
ient.
3. Community level: a resilient communi-
ty strengthens the resilience of its con-
stituent individuals and households.
4. Local government: can either strength-
en or weaken resilience at the individ-
ual, household and community levels
as it is responsible for infrastructure
development, maintenance, social ser-
vices and applying the rule of law.International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
IFRC Framework for Community Resilience 7
Resilience at multiple levels
Individual level Household level Community level
Local government National government Organisations
Regional level Global levelInternational Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IFRC Framework for Community Resilience 8 Kadiatu is 11 years old and was the 3rd Ebola patient to arrive at the IFRC treatment centre at Kenema, Sierra Leone. Thanks to the care she received there she has regained her strength and has returned home to her mother, 8 brothers and sisters and her community. Katherine Mueller / IFRC
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
IFRC Framework for Community Resilience 9
What is a community?
sed to the sa
o
p
m
ex
e
is .
ks
, disea ses
r
..
or not s h a ri n g
ing in
liv
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a m e are e
exp
ose d t o s h a ri n g
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th
es
at sa c
er m e re s o u r
n
s
u ra
l dis a st ed to polit
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an
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ec s
d
o n o mic isInternational Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
IFRC Framework for Community Resilience 10
Understanding communities
The Red Cross and Red Crescent recogniz- Communities are complex and dynamic
es the richness of the term ‘community’ and so are the vulnerabilities that chal-
and appreciates that communities exist in lenge them. There are many factors that
many shapes and forms. For example the influence community resilience (e.g., phys-
term ‘community’: ical, human, financial, natural and social
• often refers to a group of people that live aspects of life). These factors are also in-
in a defined geographical area terconnected, which requires that they be
• is often a group of people who share a considered and understood holistically,
common culture, values and norms and through a multi-disciplinary approach
who are arranged according to a social which takes account of how factors influ-
structure that has evolved over time ence one another.
• might refer to a group at the local, na-
tional or international level The IFRC has focused on learning more
• may describe a group of people that about the characteristics of a resilient
come together because of specific or community as a means of better under-
broad interests. standing this complexity. By listening to
communities’ own experiences of resil-
Individuals may belong to more than one ience, through studies of the 2004 Indian
community, in fact the more communities Ocean tsunami operation, a sample of
that an individual belongs to the more re- activities in Latin America and the Ca-
silient s/he is likely to be. ribbean; together with further proposed
studies and analysis, the IFRC will develop
The IFRC understands that resilience a much better understanding of what re-
strengthening programmes and activities silience means to communities. This ap-
impact at all levels and in all types of proach will also indicate if the lessons,
communities. The FCR uses the following experiences and successes of individual
definition for community: communities can be replicated elsewhere.
There may be other characteristics that
“A community is a group of people who may should be considered, particularly in a re-
gional or national context, but those de-
or may not live within the same area, village tailed above are offered as a general set of
or neighbourhood, share a similar culture, characteristics, applicable in many com-
habits and resources. Communities are groups munities globally.
of people also exposed to the same threats
and risks such as disease, political and This appreciation of the complexity and
dynamic nature of communities and their
economic issues and natural disasters.”
vulnerabilities reinforces for the IFRC that
the members of the community are most
likely to know how things around them
work and how their lives can be improved.International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
IFRC Framework for Community Resilience 11
A resilient community...
... is knowledgeable, healthy and can meet its basic needs
? !
... is socially cohesive ... has economic
opportunities
JOB
... has well-maintened and accessible infrastructures and services
... can manage its natural assets
... is connectedInternational Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
IFRC Framework for Community Resilience 12
Key elements of the FCR
1. Assisting communities as Examples of actions National Societies
they adopt risk-informed, take in support of community-led, risk-
holistic approaches informed decision-making include:
to address their underlying
a. Supporting assessments that capture
vulnerabilities.
the needs, risks, vulnerabilities and
capacities of all members of the com-
The IFRC believes that strengthening com-
munity, as well as the dynamic and
munity resilience is a process owned by
complex context in which a community
communities – resilience is not something
exists.
that a National Society can ‘do’ or ‘bring’
b. Supporting communities to develop
to individuals or communities. The nature
solutions that are: i) holistic and ap-
and extent of a National Society’s engage-
propriate to their context (e.g., consid-
ment in each community is situational –
ering innovative and emerging technol-
it reflects a number of specific contextual
ogies whilst bearing in mind traditional
factors such as: 1) the underlying vulner-
knowledge, customs and practices); ii)
abilities and capacities of the community;
technically sound; iii) effective and ef-
2) the community’s connection and in-
ficient (e.g., looking for low-tech, low-
teraction with the external environment;
cost solutions); and iv) sensitive to is-
and 3) the specific added-value that the
sues such as gender equality, cultural
National Society offers to this process.
diversity, climate change and violence
prevention.
For the IFRC, strengthening community
c. Supporting communities to self-mobi-
resilience is an integrating process that
lize and address their vulnerabilities
is multi-sectoral and involves multiple
and hazards from their own resources.
actors – it cannot be achieved by govern-
d. Supporting communities to access ex-
ments, organizations or individuals acting
ternal support networks, such as the
alone or in isolation. The IFRC’s commu-
public authorities, civil society and the
nity resilience strengthening approach
international Red Cross Red Crescent
also recognizes that the dynamic nature
network.
of each community requires a flexible ap-
e. Actively engaging communities in the
proach that supports the development of
monitoring and evaluation of pro-
resilience over time. Although each con-
grammes and services.
text is unique and requires a customized
f. Being accountable to communities, pub-
approach, there are a number of consis-
lic authorities and other partners (e.g.,
tent management components involving
by proactively providing regular reports,
IFRC programmes, volunteers and Nation-
feedback and information relating to
al Societies.
programmes, services and activities).
The IFRC recognizes that programmes de-
veloped from risk-informed decisions that
adopt a holistic approach are more likely to
contribute to reducing the underlying vul-
nerabilities of communities and ultimately
lead to more resilient communities.International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
IFRC Framework for Community Resilience 13
2. Community resilience is an example of working in the formal
is about a demand driven, system, whilst integrating climate and
people-centred approach. weather information with indigenous
knowledge is an example of supporting
Resilient communities are more likely to smallholding farmers in rural settings,
be empowered, whilst vulnerable commu- achieved through an informal system.
nities are more likely to be dis-empowered. c. Advocating with communities for i)
their engagement in decision-making
The IFRC’s approach to resilience strength- processes; ii) inclusive approaches that
ening recognizes that enabling individu- take account of the needs of the most
als and communities to access what they vulnerable; iii) context specific issues; A Haitian Red Cross disaster risk
management promoter uses a 3D model
need to improve their own lives is essen- and iv) the Red Cross and Red Crescent to explain to children how our actions
Fundamental Principles and humani- can trigger disasters, in this case how
tial. Examples of how National Societies deforestation can lead to landslides and
add value to this process include: provid- tarian values. floods. Gennike Mayers / IFRC
ing appropriate technical capacity and re-
sources; linking community and National
Society actions with that of the public
authorities, other civil society actors and
partners; and by advocating for the most
vulnerable within communities.
The IFRC strives to ensure that individu-
als and communities are put first. The
IFRC’s approach to community resilience
strengthening ensures communities are
placed at, and remain at the centre of de-
cisions and actions that impact their fu-
ture and that programmes respond to ob-
jectives defined by the community.
Examples of actions National Societies
take include:
a. Engaging with communities through
local branches and volunteers and rec-
ognizing the potential of volunteers as
agents of change within their communi-
ties.
b. Working with and through the formal
system (e.g., laws, regulations, codes
and standards, etc.) and informal sys-
tems (e.g., traditional customs and
practice and indigenous knowledge).
Supporting the development of disas-
ter risk reduction laws and standardsInternational Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
IFRC Framework for Community Resilience 14
3. Being connected New and innovative solutions (e.g., mobile
to communities by being solutions, connectivity, online tools and
available to everyone, access to the internet) are emerging and
becoming increasingly available in com-
everywhere to prevent and
munities around the globe. The oppor-
reduce human suffering.
tunities that these provide must be har-
vested if the IFRC is to be truly ‘available
The objective of being ‘available to every-
to everyone, everywhere, to prevent and
one, everywhere, to prevent and reduce
reduce human suffering.’
human suffering’ is not about doing every-
thing for everyone. Rather the focus is on
Examples of actions National Societies
‘connection’ between the community and
take to connect with their communities
its National Society.
include:
This connection that National Societies
a. Ensuring an inclusive approach at all
have with their communities is central to
levels that welcomes, respects and val-
efforts in delivering the IFRC’s mission to:
ues contributions from all members of
1. Save lives, protect livelihoods and
the society, these include: i) branches
strengthen recovery from disasters and
mobilizing local volunteers including
crises.
affected people, youth, women and girls,
2. Enable healthy and safe living.
marginalized groups; and ii) including
3. Promote social inclusion and a culture
local volunteers on governance bodies.
of non-violence and peace.
b. Partnering with the community, civil
society and public authorities – par-
Examples of ways in which National Soci-
ticularly valuing the unique role of the
eties establish and maintain this connec-
National Society being an auxiliary to
tion include:
government.
c. Using communication methods to con-
1. Ensuring risks that communities face
nect with communities that are appro-
and underlying vulnerabilities existing
priate and accessible for community
within communities are understood
members (e.g., online, sms, radio, news-
and considered.
letters, posters, branch and volunteer
2. Supporting the community through ser-
meetings, etc).
vices, programmes or interventions that
are relevant to the context, are sustain-
able and that target the most vulner-
able.
3. Partnering with the public authorities,
civil society and the private sector in
support of holistic, integrated, commu-
nity-led solutions.International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
IFRC Framework for Community Resilience 15
Using the FCR
The Annex illustrates how IFRC activi-
ties contribute to achieving strengthened
community resilience and suggests in-
dicators to measure these activities. The
table does not provide an exhaustive list
nor is it intended to be prescriptive, rather
it provides global guidance that can be ap-
plied and adapted to local realities.
How to apply the FCR?
1. Explore the three key
elements of the FCR
1 2 3
2. Review the 3. Consider the specific
information context in which
provided in programmes/services
Annex are being developed
4. Reflect this analysis in 5. Discuss with your peers:
their programme design
tools, e.g. Logframe
FOR
WHOM? WHAT
WHY? WORKS?
IN WHICH
CONTEXT? UNDER WHAT
CONDITION?International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
IFRC Framework for Community Resilience 16
Measurement of the IFRC’s
Framework for Community
Resilience
The IFRC values and prioritizes perfor- tional approaches, it is important to ac-
mance measurement and evaluation as it knowledge the limitations of the current
informs systematic learning, which in turn methodologies in measuring community
supports the exchange of information, the resilience strengthening.
sharing of experience and knowledge and
ultimately results in better programming. A critical distinction in measuring com-
munity resilience relates to assessing 1)
The measurement of community resil- a community’s level of resilience versus
ience is relatively new and is still devel- 2) the IFRC’s impact on community resil-
oping – in contrast to more traditional, ience being measured versus 3) the IFRC’s
sector-based approaches, the same body contribution to the community’s resil-
of experience in its measurement, or con- ience.
sensus for how to measure it does not cur-
rently exist. While the IFRC has policies,
guidelines, frameworks and tools together
with significant capacity and experience
in measurement and evaluation of tradi-
Table 1: Three key measures for community resilience
1. Measuring community A composite measure of the various characteris-
resilience tics that comprise community resilience.
2. Measuring IFRC’s impact Measurement of the attribution of IFRC’s work to
on community resilience community resilience. How much of the measured
impact on community resilience is the result of the
IFRC’s contributions versus other factors?
3. Measuring IFRC’s Measurement of the incorporation and achieve-
contribution to community ment of specific activities supporting community
resilience resilience strengthening. Whether we accomplish
the objectives we identify as supporting commu-
nity resilience.International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
IFRC Framework for Community Resilience 17
Recognizing these challenges and the A good example of this approach is the
limitations we are currently working with, IFRC’s East Africa Framework for Commu-
the IFRC focuses on measuring our con- nity Resilience. The framework was devel-
tributions to community resilience (i.e., oped in 2013 and 2014 through targeted
point 3 in Table 1). The IFRC’s measure- literature review, consultations with re-
ment system, approach and tools will be gional and Partner National Societies and
updated as, and when, further informa- external partners, and operationalizes the
tion and guidance on how to measure and concepts and principles described in the
capture both community resilience (point FCR in the specific context of IFRC’s work
1 in Table 1) and the IFRC’s impact on in East Africa.
community resilience (point 2 in Table 1)
becomes available. As our experience in community resilience
strengthening deepens, so too will our
In measuring our contribution to commu- understanding of measuring community
nity resilience, the IFRC adopts a ‘mixed resilience grow. More guidance and tools
methods’ approach as this ensures com- will become available over time to sup-
munities are engaged in the development port programme managers and measure-
of indicator according to their specific ment and evaluation specialists in their
context, which can then be assessed and efforts to measure IFRC’s contributions to
compared across time and place. strengthening community resilience.
Effectively a menu of indicators, based
on and organized from the characteris-
tics of community resilience, can assist
communities to select and prioritize key
indicators according to their specific local
contexts and long-term goals. This com-
plements the tried and true sectoral, tech-
nical indicators that have been developed
over time and that remain valid as indi-
cators of technical performance account-
ability to our traditional donors.
Provision can also be made for additional,
unexpected indicators to be added if iden-
tified by, and appropriate for, the commu-
nity. Such an approach provides structure
while remaining flexible and adaptable
to local contexts. Both quantitative and
qualitative measures can be utilized in
this approach.
This approach reinforces that community
resilience strengthening activities require
a context specific approach but also rec-
ognizes that there are a number of consis-
tent elements that can help us measure
the IFRC’s contribution.International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
IFRC Framework for Community Resilience 18
IFRC tools and guidelines
that support community resilience
National Societies already have many of Many National Societies have developed
the tools required in implementing com- their own context-specific guidance on
munity resilience strengthening. Some community resilience (e.g., by adapting
tools may require adaptation to better the 2008 Framework for Community Safe-
reflect the approach described in the FCR ty and Resilience to their operations). Na-
and the need for replacement or addi- tional Societies are encouraged to consider
tional tools and guidance may emerge as the FCR and to explore how the guidance
our experience evolves and develops over it provides can be customized to support
time. their efforts within their communities.
Conclusion
Just as the 2008 Framework for Commu- Additional resources and guidance for re-
nity Safety and Resilience has evolved silience strengthening exist and are avail-
into the FCR, this current framework will able and complement the many resources
evolve dynamically as we collectively and tools identified in this document. It
learn to improve our programmes and is likely that more will be developed over
scale-up our contributions to community time and some existing tools will be re-
resilience. The sharing of experiences and placed as our knowledge and experience
lessons learned will help to maintain the grows.
FCR’s currency and relevance. Addition-
ally, regular review of the FCR will ensure Practitioners are encouraged to capture,
that it continues to provide guidance and record and share their experiences of
support to National Societies. community resilience strengthening with-
in the IFRC’s network as a tangible contri-
bution to improving the lives of the most
vulnerable.RCRC Contributions to Strengthening Community Resilience1
Objective Expected Outcomes Examples of NS Contribution Examples of Indicators
Improve the Community people are able • Holistic assessment of needs, risks, vulnerabilities • # of VCA and sector specific assessments conducted
knowledge to assess and manage the and capacities of communities through • # of community contingency plans in place.
and health of risks facing them. participatory VCA, baseline survey, etc. • # of simulation exercises conducted.
communities. • Contingency plans. • # people reached through PAPE.
• Simulation exercises. • # people trained in DRR, CBHFA, PASSA, etc.
• Public awareness and public education in risk • # of community with early warning systems in place.
reduction, disaster laws, evacuation plans, • # of emergency stocks in place.
climate change, etc.
• Training in risk reduction, first aid, safe shelter
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
awareness
• Early warning systems.
IFRC Framework for Community Resilience - Annex One
• Appropriate deployment of emergency stocks.
Everyone has opportunities • Knowledge and experience sharing. • # opportunities for sharing knowledge and experience.
to learn new skills, build on • Training opportunities. • # training workshops and people trained.
past experiences, and share • Community involvement in programmes/projects. • # people involved in programme/project implementation.
and apply this knowledge • Monitoring and evaluation • M&E results used to inform the improvement
in practice. of community programmes/projects.
Everyone has access to • Safe water systems. • % of population with access to safe water supply.
a sustainable water and • Hygiene promotion. • # & % of people who know how to prepare
sanitation system. • Sanitation systems. safe drinking water.
• # & % of people reached through hygiene promotion.
• sanitation systems.
• # water-borne disease outbreaks.
Everyone has access to a • Extension support services • # of farmers and fishers provided with extension services
secure and nutritious food • Food security field schools for exchange • # of farmers and fishers attended field schools
supply. of experiences • # of people trained in food preparation and preservation
• Food preparation and preservation • #of people reached through education and awareness
• Post-harvest food losses and waste reduction on food loss and waste reduction
19
1. This table offers examples of IFRC contributions and is not exhaustive. Actual programming should be led by the identified needs, i.e. demand driven from the community level.Objective Expected Outcomes Examples of NS Contribution Examples of Indicators
Everyone has access to • Programmes link with the formal health system • % of people with access to health services.
health system resources. through referral system, ambulance services, • # of people with access to health insurance.
safe blood supply, etc. • Mortality rates, by cause.
• Promotion of healthy lifestyles. • % in reduction of lifestyle related diseases/illnesses
• Screen for chronic diseases. (NCDs).
• Immunization campaigns. • % of at risk population screened for chronic diseases.
• Psychological/Psychosocial support. • Morbidity rates, by cause.
• Prevalence of behavioural risk factors.
• Immunization rates.
• # people who receive psychological/psychosocial
support.
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Strengthen Communities provide • Promotions and dissemination of the RCRC • # RCRC branches.
IFRC Framework for Community Resilience - Annex One
the social protection and security for Fundamental Principles and humanitarian values. • # people reached through the dissemination
cohesion of all of their members and • Promotion of violence prevention. of Fundamental Principles and humanitarian values.
communities. have the capacity to draw • Community organization. • # people aware of RCRC violence prevention
on formal and informal • Community involvement in assessment programmes.
community networks of and planning of programmes/projects. • % reduction in domestic/gender based violence cases
support to identify problems, • Promotion of social inclusion activities • Incidence of violence in the community.
needs and opportunities, and projects. • Formal RCRC role in public authority plans.
establish priorities and act • Branch and volunteer engagement in community • # people involved in assessment and planning
for the good and inclusion activities. of community programmes/projects.
of all in the communities. • Partnership with local public authorities • # vulnerable (e.g. marginalized) people included
and other stakeholders to improve the community in formal and informal networks.
safety, social cohesion, inclusiveness, etc. • # of RCRC programmes conducted in the community.
• Advocacy for the needs of vulnerable people • # of active volunteers.
and stigmatised groups. • # branches and volunteers engaged in formal
• Advocacy for effective leadership and good and informal networks.
governance • # of partnerships.
• Promotion of behavioural change through key • # people reached through Humanitarian Diplomacy.
messages and public education. • # people reached through public awareness raising
• Engagement of youth as agents of Behaviour about good governance practice, accountability
Change (YABC). and transparency.
• # people who have changed their behaviours
as a result of RCRC promotion
• # youth engaged in YABC
20Develop well- Communities have well- • Advocate for education and health facilities • # Public infrastructure plans and investments are
maintained planned, well-maintained to be built in safe areas. disaster risk informed.
and and accessible infrastructure • Advocate for and promote the development • Community engagement in infrastructure planning.
accessible and services. and full implementation of good disaster laws, • Building codes and land use standards that consider
infrastructure regulatory systems, building codes and standards, disaster risk reduction and environmental concerns.
and and well planned built environments.
services in
communities.
Communities have the ability • Public awareness and public education programmes. • # of public awareness and public education programmes.
or support to use, maintain, • Provide training and peer-to-peer education • # of trainings, number of participants.
repair and renovate the public to enhance skills and knowledge. • # of urban and community plans incorporating public
infrastructure and systems. • Influence urban and community planning for more space, parks, and public transportation standards.
public space, parks, public transportation. • Incidence of road accidents.
• Promote road safety. • # of people killed or injured in road accidents
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
IFRC Framework for Community Resilience - Annex One
Communities have • Safe and affordable physical structures • % of people with access to safe shelter
appropriate – • Shelter safety awareness • Buildings comply with building codes, rules and land
- safe, secure and • Security of tenure (renting, leasing, ownership, etc.) use standards.
affordable shelter, • Advocate and promote the development of safe • # & % of people who know the safety elements
settlements and well planned built environments. of their home
• Affordability of shelter
• # & % of people reached through safe shelter
awareness training or activities
• # & % or people with secure tenure and legal
protection of their assets.
- water and sanitation • Advocate for large scale urban water • # of water and sanitation schemes.
systems and sanitation infrastructure.
- transport and energy • Advocate for community access to reliable • Accessibility and affordability of transport
systems. and affordable transport and energy systems and energy systems.
Provide Communities provide a • Livelihood programming. • # of people supported through livelihoods programmes.
economic diverse range of employment • Vocational and skills training. • # of people who have benefitted from vocational
opportunities and income opportunities. • Income generation activities (petty trading, and skills training and active in business.
to community livestock production and marketing, small scale • Unemployment rate, standard of living of community, etc.
people. vocational activities etc.)
Communities are flexible and • Peer-to-peer education to enhance skills • # peer-to-peer programmes conducted
resourceful. and knowledge. • # participants in peer to peer programmes
21Objective Expected Outcomes Examples of NS Contribution Examples of Indicators
Communities have the capacity • Encourage community to incorporate new • Awareness of and understanding of new knowledge
to accept uncertainty and knowledge and technology, share traditional and technology and traditional methods and
respond (proactively) to change. livelihoods, food and nutrition strategies. approaches.
Manage Communities recognise the • Educate communities about natural asset use • Level of understanding of environmental issues
natural assets. value of their natural assets. issues related to disaster risk and consequences of mismanagement.
• Promote environmentally responsible urban • # of urban plans that incorporate environmental
planning and land use measures.
Communities manage their • Support environmentally responsible livelihoods • # of environmentally responsible livelihoods, food
natural assets. activities, food production, etc. security, etc. projects.
• Pursue environmentally responsible construction • Reduction in environment degradation as a result
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
practices. of inappropriate land use, shelter construction, etc.
• Environmental conservation initiatives, e.g. tree • Use of sustainable building products and materials.
IFRC Framework for Community Resilience - Annex One
planting, environment-friendly sanitation, reduction • # environmental conservation projects.
of carbon footprints, energy saving, etc.
Communities have the ability • Public awareness, public education and advocacy • # people reached through PAPE.
to protect, enhance and programmes. • carbon footprint.
maintain their natural assets. • Promotion of effective environmental regulation • # of new environmental rules/plans supporting DRR
related to risk (e.g., regulation of logging, • # of EIAS integrating DRR
wetlands preservation, solid and toxic waste
disposal, integration of DRR in Environmental
Impact Assessments (EIAs)).
Strengthen the Communities have the capacity • RCRC role in holistic community plans at all levels • Community plans with clearly defined RC role.
connected- and capabilities to sustain and (community, local government and national). • # and value of resources mobilized.
ness of build on good relationships • Ability of NS to mobilize physical and financial
communities. with a range of external actors resources
who can provide a wider
supportive environment.
Communities have access to • NS networking with IFRC and sister NSs. • # partners, standing agreements for support/
a network of external actors • Partnerships with different stakeholders. cooperation, etc.
willing/able to supply tangible • Advocacy for adequate public funding for • Support (resources, technical support, etc.) attracted.
and intangible forms of community resilience strengthening programmes.
support to the community.
22The Fundamental Principles of the International
Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
Humanity The International Red Cross and Red Cres- Independence The Movement is independent. The
cent Movement, born of a desire to bring assistance National Societies, while auxiliaries in the humani-
without discrimination to the wounded on the battle- tarian services of their governments and subject to
field, endeavours, in its international and national the laws of their respective countries, must always
capacity, to prevent and alleviate human suffering maintain their autonomy so that they may be able at
wherever it may be found. Its purpose is to protect all times to act in accordance with the principles of
life and health and to ensure respect for the human the Movement.
being. It promotes mutual understanding, friendship,
cooperation and lasting peace amongst all peoples. Voluntary service It is a voluntary relief movement
not prompted in any manner by desire for gain.
Impartiality It makes no discrimination as to nation-
ality, race, religious beliefs, class or political opinions. Unity There can be only one Red Cross or Red Cres-
It endeavours to relieve the suffering of individuals, cent Society in any one country. It must be open to
being guided solely by their needs, and to give prior- all. It must carry on its humanitarian work through-
ity to the most urgent cases of distress. out its territory.
Neutrality In order to enjoy the confidence of all, the Universality The International Red Cross and Red
Movement may not take sides in hostilities or engage Crescent Movement, in which all societies have equal
at any time in controversies of a political, racial, reli- status and share equal responsibilities and duties in
gious or ideological nature. helping each other, is worldwide.Further information is available from:
International Federation of Red Cross
and Red Crescent Societies
P.O. Box 372
1211 Geneva 19 Switzerland
Email: secretariat@ifrc.org
Web: www.ifrc.org
www.ifrc.org
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