How to Transition to the 2022 National Coordinate System Without Getting Left Behind - Edward E. Carlson
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How to Transition to the
2022 National Coordinate System
Without Getting Left Behind
Edward E. Carlson
NOAA, National Geodetic Survey
Pacific Region Geodetic Advisor
ed.carlson@noaa.gov
The bottom line If you do geospatial work in the United States and its territories, and you work in the National Spatial Reference System, then every product you’ve ever made… – every survey – every map – every lidar point cloud – every image – every DEM … WILL have NEW coordinates in 2022. I will talk about what this means, why it is happening, and how you can prepare.
Role of NSRS
• The National Spatial Reference
System is the fundamental geodetic
control for the United States.
(Latitudes, Longitudes, Heights)
• A geodetic datum is an abstract
coordinate system with a reference
surface (such as sea level) that
serves to provide known locations to
begin surveys and create maps.
• Geodetic control provides a common
reference system for establishing
coordinates for all geographic data
on geodetic datum.
• All National Spatial Data Infrastructure
framework data and users' applications
data require geodetic control to
accurately register spatial data.
Who and What
• The National Geodetic Survey, the federal agency
responsible for establishing and maintain the positioning
framework to support all federal civilian mapping and
charting in the United States, is modernizing the National
Spatial Reference System (NSRS).
• What does this mean?
– All horizontal and vertical datums in the NSRS (NAD 83…),
NAVD88,GUVD04, etc.) will be updated with:
• Four (4) new Terrestrial Reference Frames of 2022
• North American-Pacific Geopotential Datum of 2022
– New tools, products, services, and methodologies will be
developed jointly to support the transition and access to an
improved, modernized NSRS.
Why and When
• Why?
– The current national datums (NAD 83 and NAVD 88) were
established in the 1980s, before GPS technology
revolutionized surveying and positioning.
– The current datums have errors exceeding 1 meter.
– Modernization of the NSRS is driven by advancements in
technology (GNSS) and is designed to support future growth.
“Positioning America for the Future”
• When? By December 31, 2022
• Will it be an immediate or gradual change?
Immediate!!!!!
“Modernizing the NSRS” means… • Replacing the current horizontal datums (NAD 83) • Replacing the current vertical datums (NAVD 88….) • Improving data submission and data access • Improving online tools • Updating survey methodologies
These are part of the NSRS*
Horizontal Datums Vertical Great Geoid Models Transformations
and Geometric Datums Lakes and Conversions
Reference Frames Datums
USSD NGVD 29 IGLD55 GEOID90 NADCON
NAD 27 NAVD 88 IGLD85 GEOID93 VERTCON
NAD 83 PRVD02 ALASKA94
ASVD02 GEOID96 SPCS 27
NMVD03 GEOID99 SPCS 83
GUVD04 GEOID03 UTMs
VIVD09 GEOID06
GEOID09
GEOID12(A,B)
*This not a complete list.
These are not part of the NSRS*
Horizontal Datums Vertical Great Geoid Models Transformations
and Geometric Datums Lakes and Conversions
Reference Frames Datums
WGS 84 IHRS OSU91A CORPSCON
ITRF EGM96 Appendix B.6 of
DMA TR 8350.2
(WGS 84)
IGS EGM2008 Oregon
Coordinate
Reference
System
The Kansas
Regional
Coordinate
System
*This is not a complete list.
All coordinates and heights will change!
Approximate Horizontal Change
NAD 83 (2011/PA11/MA11)
epoch 2010.00
2022 Terrestrial
Reference Frames
Horizontal change at
epoch 2022.00
(contours in meters) MATRF2022
PATRF2022Approximate Ellipsoid Height Change NAD 83 (2011/PA11/MA11) epoch 2010.00 2022 Terrestrial Reference Frames Change in ellipsoid heights at epoch 2022.00 (contours in meters)
Geometric: Out with the old, in with the new In 2022, the entire National Spatial Reference System (NSRS) will be modernized and will contain four new reference frames: North American Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2022 (NATRF2022) Pacific Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2022 (PATRF2022) Caribbean Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2022 (CATRF2022) Mariana Terrestrial Reference Frame of (MATRF2022)
Problems in Vertical Datums
Earth’s
Surface H (LMSL)
H (GPS-OH)
GPS-OH
HNL BEN
Errors : ~50 cm average, Geoid12A
100 cm CONUS tilt, 5.894 = 21.090 – (+15.196)m
50/70 cm in Hawaii 5.894 = 5.320m (LMSL)
1-2 meters average in Alaska Difference ~ 0.574m or 1.87ftGravity for the Redefinition of the
American Vertical Datum (GRAV-D)
• Replace the Vertical Datum of the USA
by 2022 (at today’s funding) with a
gravimetric geoid accurate to 1 cm
• Orthometric heights accessed via GNSS
accurate to 2 cm
• Three thrusts of project:
– Airborne gravity survey of entire
country and its holdings
– Long-term monitoring of geoid
change
– Partnership surveys
• Working to launch a collaborative effort
with the USGS for simultaneous
magnetic measurement
Gravity and Heights are
inseparably connectedGRAV-D work in Pacific
Early February to late June 2019
HS01- 55 data lines
13 cross lines
22 flights
SS01 - 35 data lines Not being done
8 cross lines this year - furlough
9 flightsVertical: Out with the old, in with the new
The Old: The New:
Orthometric
Heights NAVD 88 The North American-
PRVD 02 Pacific Geopotential
VIVD09 Datum of 2022
(NAPGD2022)
One vertical datum from pole
Normal
Orthometric ASVD02
Heights
• Will include GEOID2022
NMVD03
DEFLEC2022
to equator
GUVD04 SGRAV2022
Dynamic
Heights IGLD 85
Gravity IGSN71
Geoid Heights
GEOID12B
Deflections of
the Vertical DEFLEC12BNOAA/FEMA
Coordination
Cooperative Pilot Study (2011):
• National Geodetic Survey,
• North Carolina Floodplain
Mapping Program,
• North Carolina Geodetic
Survey, and
• Federal Emergency
Management Agency
Key Outcomes:
• Recommendation of FEMA
implementation plan to
account for coordinate and
height shifts.
• Improved relative positional
accuracies and greater
understanding of height
uncertainties will enhance
quality of flood mapping.Ongoing NOAA/FEMA Coordination
Feedback on the New Datums
Kimberly Pettit, FEMA GIS Coordinator
Prepared with Paul Rooney
2017 Geospatial Summit
April 24 to 25, 2017
https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/geospatial-summit/presentations/fema.shtml
• Assessment
• Preparations to-date
• Advantages and challenges
• Concerns
• Necessary transition tools, products, and services
• Outreach priorities
watch onlineWhat life will be like in the future
Revolutionize professional surveying
• No more need for installing and locating bench marks
• Absolute, consistent positioning, anywhere
Vastly improved flood plain mapping
• Water flows due to differences in gravity
• Critically important in low-lying, flat communities
Impacts on infrastructure
Any application requiring precise positioning -- bridges,
tunnels, railways, agriculture, navigation -- will be easier
and more accurate
Fundamental support for new technologies
• “Smart Highways” for autonomous vehiclesLeveling With 2022 Datum
GNSS + Leveling Surveys
Post 2022
GNSS-Derived
Orthometric Heights
Leveling stations only
Double-run levelingTest Adjustment Results
BM Input Output Input Output Hin -
H (m) H (m) Sigma Sigma Hout
(cm) (cm) (cm)
2003 159.828 159.851 ±3.5 ±2.7 -2.3
3006 1.430 1.401 ±4.0 ±2.8 +2.9
2002 ΔHGNSS+L 158.450
ΔHleveling 158.456
Difference -0.006What to do with historic maps/charts?
Is the accuracy
expected to be No
Yes better than a few
meters? Stop. You won’t
likely gain much
by transforming
Do you have trusted
Yes metadata which puts the
map/chart in the NSRS? No
Stop. Transformation tools
only work in the NSRS and
Use NCAT to update the only if you trust the
datums in 2022 metadataNGS Coordinate Conversion
SPC
&
UTM
Transformation Tool
(NCAT)
φ, λ, h
2022
USSD
USNG
X, Y, Z
Old Hawaiian, Guam NAD 83 (2011,PA11,MA11)
NAD 83 (NSRS2007)
NAD 83 (1986)
NAD 83 (FBN)
NAD 83 (HARN)
φ, λ, h
φ, λ, h
X, Y, Z SPC
X, Y, Z SPC
USNG UTM
USNG UTMCoordinate Conversion &Transformation Tools • NGS Coordinate Conversion and Transformation Tool (NCAT) geodesy.noaa.gov/NCAT/ • VDatum Tool (NCAT plus tidal datums) vdatum.noaa.gov • Both will run in three modes: – Web services – Browser interactive – Downloadable
www.ngs.noaa.gov/NCAT/
What can everyone do?
• Be aware and help spread the word about
upcoming NSRS modernization:
– Proactively ask agencies, surveyors, and engineers
about what preparations they are taking to learn
about and prepare for the upcoming changes
• Reach out to NGS for support as needed
• Lead by example and exercise best metadata
practicesWhat can everyone do? geodesy.noaa.gov
In Summary for 2022 Datum
Improved 3DEP and other topographical products
USGS More accurate representation of the physical world in our
elevation (and other georeferenced) products
More accurate horizontal and vertical coordinates for NFIP
FEMA NFIP requires thousands of precise horizontal and vertical measurements of
buildings to know where water will flow during floods
Consistency of vertical datums across the country
USACE Improved accuracy of GPS derived elevations and a better relationship
between geodetic and hydrologic datums to manage levies and waterways
FAA More closely aligns US NAS to global system (WGS 84)
Improved horizontal and vertical coordinates for airport obstacles
NGA More closely aligned with WGS 84 and ITRFHawaii DOT Leveling Effort
Oahu Leveling Network
Completed
in NGS Data BaseMaui Level Network In Final Review
Molokai & Lanai Level Network
In Progress
In Final ReviewFinally Remember ~
“Accurate” positioning begins
with “accurate” coordinates
Source: Zurich-American Insurance Group
GEOGRAPHY WITHOUT GEODESY IS A FELONYMahalo
Questions ????
Contact Information:
Edward E. Carlson
Pacific Regional Geodetic Advisor
National Geodetic Survey
Phone: (808) 725-5255
email: ed.carlson@noaa.govYou can also read
