HISTORY NEWS - Flinders Street Campbell Arcade Entrance - ISSUE.352 FEBRUARY 2021 - Royal Historical Society of Victoria
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HISTORY NEWS
ISSUE.352 FEBRUARY 2021
Flinders Street
Campbell Arcade INSIDE THIS ISSUE
Entrance Protecting local heritage
Women on horseback
Mandatory military minors
‘Spanish’ influenza pandemic
in Melbourne
Royal visits celebrated
RHSV NEWS
All events are held at the RHSV unless otherwise noted.
What’s on AT RHSV Bookings are recommended for all events and can be made
through the RHSV website: historyvictoria.org.au/rhsv-events/
AGM MICHELL, AUSTRALIA’S book, In the Name of Theatre, is a kind interactive group which shares information
GREATEST ENGINEER of encyclopaedia of the Victorian stage. and assists each other with problems they
Thursday 4 February From the early colonial settlement when have encountered in their history writing.
entertainment included the viewing of Cheryl is not only a respected historian
6pm by ZOOM
executions or dissections of bodies of the but also a splendid teacher. Her own
FREE executed, amateur theatre has come a writing is delightful and she has the rare
In partnership with Engineering Heritage long way. This book is a celebration of and skill of making history both personal and
Victoria the RHSV is delighted to offer this for theatre lovers across Victoria. It is lit by engaging.
Zoom event with Stephen Phillip (based an inner passion which all of us share.”
in London). In the citation for this book, which won CATALOGUING CLINICS
Anthony George Maldon (AGM) Michell the 2020 Collaborative Community Thursday 25 Feb
was undoubtedly one of the greatest History Award, ‘Frank Van Straten, doyen
11am by ZOOM • FREE
Australian engineers. A prolific inventor, of Melbourne’s theatre history, writes
he is best known for his tilting pad thrust that amateur theatre with its infectious Jillian Hiscock, the RHSV Collections
bearing. It remains one of the greatest enthusiasm and “homely, intimate venues” Manager, hosts these clinics for an hour
inventions in lubrication science, and creates a “special form of magic”’. It’s this from 11am on the 4th Thursday of each
revolutionised ship propulsion: without it, magic that Cheryl Threadgold captures month. It is a relaxed gathering of people
modern shipping would not be possible. in her book. The who are finding their way through the
colourful cover intricacies of cataloguing material in
This talk reveals the story of Michell’s
invites the reader to historical collections which, as we all
fascinating life and astonishing
explore successive know, fall between a library and a museum
achievements, and the motivations of
periods of amateur with sometimes a bit of art gallery thrown
the man behind the inventions. It weaves
theatre in Victoria in. Jillian always prepares some material
engineering and technology into the
and reflect on on some specific queries but questions
history of the early twentieth century.
the many people are encouraged and, remember, a problem
Michell made significant contributions to
involved in a single shared is a problem halved. The clinics
Australia’s proud engineering heritage,
production’. are conversational in format rather than a
and is truly one of our unsung heroes.
seminar. If you are new to cataloguing or
HISTORY WRITERS’ GROUP an old hand you will find plenty to interest
IN THE NAME OF THE THEATRE you in these sessions.
Tuesday 16 February Tuesday 23 February
5:30pm drinks for 6pm lecture 11:30am • FREE ‘What’s on’ is continued
$10 / $20 The History Writers’ Group is for RHSV on page 19
members only. It is led by Dr Cheryl
We are thrilled that Dr Cheryl Threadgold
Griffin and meets monthly on the 4th
will be presenting a lecture based on
Tuesday of each month from 11:30am –
her award-winning history, In the Name
of Theatre. The History, Culture and
1pm. These events are hybrid – some
people choose to meet at the RHSV and
Enhance your next book
Voices of Amateur Theatre in Victoria.
Hannie Rayson wrote, “Her sumptuous
others choose to Zoom. This is a very with an Index by
Terri Mackenzie
History News
History News is the bi-monthly newsletter of the RHSV
ROYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF VICTORIA INC.
EDITOR Sharon Betridge PRESIDENT Richard Broome
DESIGN & ARTWORK Centreforce Pty Ltd 5975 8600 EXECUTIVE OFFICER Rosemary Cameron
PRINTED BY First Class Mailing 9555 9997 ADMINISTRATION OFFICER Rebecca Toohey
Items for publication should be sent to the Editor COLLECTIONS MANAGER & VOLUNTEER
EMAIL sbetridge@outlook.com COORDINATOR Jillian Hiscock Professional Back of Book Indexer
History News copy closes 2nd of the month: March, May, July, MARKETING CO-ORDINATOR Jessica Scott
September, November, January unless in consultation with the Member of Australian and New Zealand
History House
editor. RHSV welcomes submission of articles for inclusion in
239 A’Beckett Street Melbourne 3000
Society of Indexers
History News. Publication and editing will be at the discretion
of the editor and the Publications Committee as directed by Office & Library Hours: Monday to Friday Honorary Victorian Historical Journal
9am to 5pm
our Terms of Reference.
Phone: 9326 9288 Indexer
COVER IMAGE: Flinders Street Melbourne, entrance to Campbell
Arcade, photo courtesy of Peter Williams. See pages 4-5
Website: www.historyvictoria.org.au terrianne@bigpond.com
Email: office@historyvictoria.org.au
PRINT POST APPROVED PP336663/00011 ISSN 1326-269 ABN 36 520 675 471 Registration No. A2529
terrianne@bigpond.com
2 RHSV NEWS FEBRUARY 2021
President’s
RHSV NEWS
report Table of
contents
The world is hoping for a better 2021 as a During lockdown the Lorne Historical
result of various vaccines, but COVID-19’s Society was busy preparing for 2021. Two
onslaught in the United States and Europe members, Will and Frank Beale, prepared
shows it is not yet done with humanity. a new exhibition called ‘Timber’ on the News and Articles
Fortunately, our prospects are brighter in timber industry, which existed on many Protecting local heritage . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
our island continent and give cause for sites in the Otways Ranges. I visited this
Women on horseback . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9
optimism. exhibition last week and talked with the
two curators. I have invited them to write Mandatory military minors . . . . . . . . .14-15
The history movement is awakening after
long months of apparent inactivity for about it in History News, and I hope they ‘Spanish’ influenza pandemic in
many societies. However, many have also take up the challenge. Melbourne. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-17
been busier than ever answering research The exhibition features the usual fare of Royal visits celebrated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
enquiries as interest in family history images and captions and some artefacts,
ramped up. The RHSV, with paid staff and chainsaws etc. It also features a diorama Regular Features
its own magnificent group of volunteers, of the Otways and maps showing the What’s on. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 and 19
has kept things going from home by doing location of the various mills and wooden
President’s report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
research, maintaining our catalogue, timber rail lines. Frank Beale also made a
website and online events, and all our sizeable working model of the mill where Heritage Report: Alert or Alarmed?
committees have been active. History he and his brother worked. Heritage in 2021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
News and the Victorian Historical Journal It is quite a marvellous model for it has Hall of fame: a brief history of the
have continued and a book publication, miniature working machinery within, and Montrose Public Hall, 1910-2020 . . . . . . 6
Vera Deakin by Carole Woods, the a roof that lifts back to fully reveal all the Around the societies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-11
RHSV Secretary, has appeared under the workings. It was made from a plan drawn
Society’s imprint. Windows on history: Leadlight in
by brother Will from his memory of working
Victoria’s Infant Schools . . . . . . . . . . .12-13
This week I visited another society, the at the mill as a youth. He told me he could
Lorne Historical Society, that has risen picture it as vividly as if he were still there, Books received . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
phoenix-like from the lock-downs. The even though the mill closed in 1989.
society was able to hold an AGM during The Lorne Historical Society is embarking
2020, as did the RHSV, in which Peter on an oral history project to record the
Spring succeeded Gary Allen as president. memories of the older residents of this to us all, about remaining positive, using
The society’s rooms were renovated early town that is changing fast. It is, with the time we have to rejuvenate what we
in 2020 giving it a whole new façade advice from the RHSV, considering new do, and engaging strongly with our local
and two large windows, which opens its cataloguing software and other software community.
activities to the world on a busy corner to improve the management of its affairs. My good wishes for a safe 2021
into town.
The Lorne Historical Society is a model Richard Broome AM
Editor’s Note: Seeking contributions
History of Aboriginal peoples of Victoria:
celebration and awareness
In an upcoming issue of History News, • The role of archaeology in understating
we plan to focus on the history of First the Indigenous past
Nations peoples in Victoria and we • Aspects of the history of colonisation
invite relevant articles for consideration. and its impact on Aboriginal peoples
We especially extend this invitation to since 1788
Indigenous authors within the Victorian • Impact of early missionaries
community. • … and many others.
Suggested topics include: Please contact me with any questions.
• The role and importance of Indigenous We look forward to receiving your
knowledge in understanding proposals and contributions: 200-800
Aboriginal history from Deep Time to words with an image or two.
the present Sharon Betridge
• The role of Indigenous knowledge sbetridge@outlook.com
in managing and protecting the land
and its flora and fauna
RHSV NEWS FEBRUARY 2021 3
RHSV NEWS
Heritage report: Alert or
Alarmed? Heritage in 2021
4 RHSV NEWS FEBRUARY 2021
RHSV NEWS
As we begin 2021, we’re all hoping it will for a new, much bigger, attention-seeking development of the Queens Parade
be better than 2020. building for St Vincent’s Hospital on shopping strip in North Fitzroy, but we
Twelve months ago, a number of historical Nicholson Street at the corner of Victoria have been less successful in other
societies were affected by the catastrophic Parade (see ‘St Vincent’s glass tower shopping strips, such as Swan Street,
fires that devastated our state during the opposed over heritage fears’ The Age Richmond. The pandemic has increased
2019-2020 summer. Then the pandemic 7 January 2021, p5). Both developments the danger for all strips, with vacant shops
forced societies to curtail activities. Some would impinge seriously on the World now common. Bank branch closures are
nevertheless continued with heritage Heritage Environs Area, which was particularly problematic, for banks have
struggles. Societies from Ballarat to supposed to be kept to low-rise buildings been reliable tenants in heritage buildings.
Ararat sought to protect trees from road- in keeping with its Victorian essence. Will Finally, we need to be stay alert on parks
widening works. Buninyong HS is going to Yarra Council step up to the plate? and trees. The Myer Music bowl precinct
VCAT over a proposal to build gimmicky In the City, we will be fighting for ministerial is set to be ‘re-imagined’, but so far, no
tourist flats in the shape of wine barrels on approval of Planning Amendment C387 mention of its heritage character. The
Mt Buninyong. Essendon HS is working to to apply the Heritage Overlay to 133 Heritage Register describes it ‘as the
prevent the development of the gardens individual places and five precincts, a largest, purpose built, permanent outdoor
of the former North Park mansion, which potential game-changer for the CBD, performance venue in Australia’ and adds
the developer is appealing simultaneously which has suffered many heritage losses. that it has not been ‘surpassed in scale or
to VCAT and to the Heritage Council! Other issues in the CBD include the design complexity’.
Nationally, we faced the appalling of the new Metro stations, especially We lost trees on St Kilda Road and on the
destruction of the Juukun Gorge caves at Fed Square, and the restoration of Western Highway. Clay Lucas reported
in WA and the government’s attempt Flinders Street Station. We congratulate (‘Ire grows as thousands of trees axed’,
to further weaken the Environment the government on essential conservation The Age, 4 January 2021) that ‘10,000
Protection and Biodiversity Conservation work. Now it’s time to restore the trees have been cut down to make way
Act 1999. Stay alert for both issues. concourse, the ballroom and the upper for ... major transport projects, with more
Stay alert too for the Queen Victoria floors and, while we’re at it, the station’s than twice that number now facing the
Market. The City of Melbourne has underpasses, now in a shocking state. axe’. Struggles over trees of significance
Heritage Victoria’s approval for much of Worst are the Elizabeth Street pedestrian to Aboriginal groups continue, with a
their plan to revolutionise the market, underpass linking with the Evan Walker Supreme Court hearing in February. Trees
though some of the worst architectural Footbridge and the Degraves Street are becoming a focal point, merging
features were disallowed. We’ve heard Campbell Arcade under Flinders Street. environmental, aesthetic and religious
nothing more from the Council and the The Arcade, built for the 1956 Olympics, sensibilities with heritage. During 2021,
Market seems to be left to decay. is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register let’s look afresh at our trees and parks as
as ‘a rare and substantial example of late well as at our heritage buildings.
Stay alert as well for the Exhibition
Art Deco design in a distinctive 1950s Charles Sowerwine,
Buildings World Heritage Site. We have
colour scheme’.
put considerable effort into the review 10 January 2021.
of planning protection for the environs, During 2020, the Heritage Committee’s
but now we face applications for a five- Ian Wight fought with some success to
storey building behind Royal Terrace and prevent planning laws favouring over-
Page 4: Top: View south
on Nicholson Street with
Aikenhead Wing seen
above the tram, looking
east along Victoria
Parade (St Vincent’s
Heritage Report
submitted to Yarra
Council, p. 21).
Left: Campbell Arcade
in better days
Far left, image courtesy
of Simon, Vintage
Victoria: https://
vintagevictoria.net.au/
RHSV NEWS FEBRUARY 2021 5
Hall of fame: ‘An accomplished
RHSV NEWS
fact’: a brief history of the
Montrose Public Hall, 1910-2020
The Montrose Public hall exists on the ‘beautifully decorated with…greenery and district’. It was a moment that contributed
unceded land of the Wurundjeri people. flags’ and a banner across the front of the to her reputation as a philanthropist.
Negotiations for this building commenced platform declaring ‘Welcome Home!’ Local The hall’s use was shaped by the baby
in 1910 when the local government women contributed the contents of their boom of the late 1940s. A Baby Health
and the European-Australian Montrose pantries and considerable cooking skills Centre was run ‘for a half-day fortnightly’
community discussed their ambitions to ensure a table was well laden for all in by Sister Dolphin in a single room within
for Montrose. The local school had attendance. Once teatime passed, there the hall. The Centre was opened on 13 July
become too small for the regular public was singing that commenced with the 1949, and 14 families attended regularly.
meetings residents attended to discuss National Anthem and the presentation This program ran until 1961 then with 101
roads, water troughs, borderlands and of medals. babies enrolled. Then the single room
other issues that concerned the country The hall was also a location for community was defined as ‘too cold and dark’ for
town. The community fundraised £225 to farewells. On Saturday 25 February the babies, and a new venue was sought.
cover the construction and to purchase 1922 Mr and Mrs Fairbanks, fundraisers, During the 1950s and 1960s, the hall was
land between a local store and the organisers and community champions, transformed once a week, on a Saturday
Church of Christ. It was not until Friday departed the district. Their significant night, into the Montrose Theatre. Patrons
29 October 1915 that the Ringwood and contributions to the public life of Montrose paid to watch Hollywood films such as
Croydon Chronicle documented the hall were recognised during an evening event ‘The Nun’s Story’, ‘Pollyanna’ and ‘Pepe’.
as ‘an accomplished fact as the timber is hosted by the local Progress Association. This trend lasted until the mid-1960s
expected on the ground this week’. The PA presented the couple with ‘a fine when Saturday hall films became less
The hall was used for official events. During eight-day clock’ which held ‘a silver plate popular as Melbournians supported the
February 1917, an election was held to fill with the inscription “From the residents new technology of television or supported
a vacancy in the South-Western Riding of Montrose to Mr and Mrs Fairbanks”’. other cultural venues that were opening in
of the Shire of Lillydale. Messers A.E.H. With ‘great feeling’ Mr Fairbanks offered greater numbers in the Eastern suburbs.
Matthews and William Rae ran for the a thank you speech to conclude his
Now, looking down a driveway that
position and each man demonstrated that time associated with the hall. With much
runs alongside the hall, you can see the
they held great confidence in the ‘large merriment, dancing and supper were
signs of a Men’s Shed in the hall’s large
support’ they would receive. Montrose hall enjoyed before a final farewell.
garage. This addition was built in 1945
was one of the local venues where these Within three years a visitor became closely and extended after the 1962 bushfires
ambitions were played out. associated with the hall: Mrs ‘Pattie’ for the local fire brigade. Once a week,
During 1919, public gatherings were Deakin. Mrs Deakin, whose husband the directions for a Zumba class drift out
restricted due to the influenza pandemic. was Australia’s second Prime Minister of the hall’s front doors. It is easy to see
With six cases in the Mount Dandenong Alfred Deakin, liked to visit the town for the charm, the stability and the ongoing
region, one in Croydon and one in getaways. ‘Table Talk’, a social column worth of this community gathering place.
Seville, it was decided by the Shire in a local paper, detailed on Thursday 9 Formerly a library, a political venue, a
Health Officer, Dr Syme, that public July 1925, Mrs Deakin was in residence at site for celebrations, a local theatre and
meetings would be prohibited. Social her ‘charming little cottage in Montrose’. a concert hall, the Montrose Town hall
gatherings of more than 20 people were The hall was located just opposite her is a reminder of how a small Victorian
not permissible throughout the Shire. The holiday house and it was not uncommon community has developed since the early
only exemptions were ‘divine services in to see her at the hall. One such instance twentieth century.
churches, provided masks are worn by was in aid of the funds for the Church
Deborah Lee-Talbot
those who attend’. Montrose residents of England, Mrs Deakin ‘sat and chatted
were given notice of an impending visit amongst those at the rural entertainment https://colourfulhistories.wordpress.com/
by the Health Officer for the purpose of and further added to the popularity she colourfulhistories@gmail.com
inoculation. Calls were made in the area has already attained in that mountainside
for ‘ladies who are willing to volunteer as
nurses, assistants, or cooks in the event of
the outbreak assuming a serious aspect’.
The Health Officer asked the public to
‘assist in every way in preventing the
spread of the disease’. Once again, the
hall became a symbol of the community.
This time to their small town’s dedication
to the public health.
During July 1919 a ‘Welcome Home
Reception’ took place at the hall for
those returning from the Great War. The
inconvenience of bad weather did not
hinder the celebratory return of ‘our lads
and a lassie’; the latter being Sister E.W.
Yeaman, who was awarded a medal for
her four years of service. The hall was
6 RHSV NEWS FEBRUARY 2021
Protecting
RHSV NEWS
local heritage
significance subsequently unprotected. The review surveyed all 79 local
The gaps were both geographic, place- government areas across the state and
type and style. The report stated conducted community and other surveys
that local heritage was not always a and workshops, which included RHSV
primary consideration or priority within and the National Trust. Interstate heritage
council but was seen as an ‘extra’ to systems were also examined.
the core components of planning. The
Further interviews were conducted
most common issues were opposition
with councils with innovative and best
from property owners, the expense of
practice schemes, and these are included
administering an amendment and a lack
as Case Studies in the final 68 page
of political will within councils.
report. They showcase successes such
The report also revealed huge discrepancies as a Heritage Advisory Service with an
in the resources allocated to local heritage, advisor available on a weekly basis,
ranging from $1 million to zero, with councils the appointment of a representative
blaming a lack of funding as a significant Heritage Advisory Committee, a cost-
weakness of the current system; State
Elm Grove, Richmond effective Heritage Strategy, successful
Government funding ceased in 2012,
Part of Richmond’s Elm Grove Precinct Communications and Promotional
particularly impacting smaller rural councils.
recognised by Yarra City Council, activities, targeted studies such as Post-
which focuses its land-use policies The work of Heritage Advisors was War heritage, the implementation of study
on protecting the valued heritage identified as a strength, but the cessation recommendations and financial incentive
character of these neighbourhoods. of State Government funding has led programs from grants and loans to rate
© Hin Lim | HIN LIM AIPP 2020. to a reduction in the number of Local rebates.
Government Areas offering a service.
While a few have full-time staff, most offer While the major initiative will rely on the
The revival of the state’s leadership role in
the protection and management of local a contract service from three days a week Minister for Planning and DELWP planning
heritage is the key recommendation from to just half-an-hour per week or none at all. to implement, the Heritage Council will
a Heritage Council of Victoria review into lead a number of smaller initiatives or
HERMES, the electronic heritage database
the State of Local Heritage. ‘practical improvements’ to address other
designed to manage information about all
identified issues:
A three-year review included the Royal heritage places identified and protected
Historical Society of Victoria surveying and across Victoria, with the Victorian • development of a ‘demolition by
collating the views of member societies Heritage Database its public interface, neglect’ model local law
across the state as part of community is also not universally used or updated • creation of a ‘Heritage 101’ information
consultation. The review concluded that regularly and does not provide access pack for councils and the public
parts of the current local heritage system to Heritage Studies.
• creation of a ‘Heritage 101’ induction
worked well and that Heritage Overlays Other issues included underutilization of pack for new councillors
protected local heritage. Heritage Advisory Committees, a lack of
• facilitation of discussions to clarify
However, it also identified many heritage content in planning degrees and
demolition application processes
opportunities for improvement, noting the use by some owners of ‘demolition
that a base level of heritage protection is by neglect’ to remove or modify heritage • expansion of the local government
still to be achieved across the state. places. heritage forum
The recognition and protection of heritage The review recommended three principal • clarification of the role of HERMES
of local significance is the responsibility pillars to support the return of the state’s and the VHD
of local councils under the Planning and leadership position. These were: • advocacy for a tertiary heritage
Environment Act 1987 but many councils • the establishment of dedicated local planning subject
appear unaware of their obligations or heritage roles within Department • promotion of the use of Heritagechat
require support for this task. Councils work of Environment, Land, Water and among planners.
from initial heritage studies and detailed Planning (DELWP), to provide
assessments to determine if a place’s The report is one outcome of the review,
necessary focused leadership and
heritage significance warrants statutory with a promotional program planned to
direction;
protection through the application of a showcase best-practice local cultural
Heritage Overlay (HO). • the creation and maintenance of a heritage protection and management,
centralised, up-to-date repository and the benefits that appreciation and
The review identified large discrepancies
of clear and consistent guidance protection of heritage can bring to local
in the commitment of councils to heritage.
material; communities.
Councils experienced problems in
translating heritage studies into their • direct support and assistance to The full report is available at https://bit.
planning scheme. It noted that not every ensure base-level heritage studies ly/39ixHGE
council had completed a comprehensive are completed and translated into
Pauline Hitchins
heritage study, with places of local heritage the planning scheme.
RHSV NEWS FEBRUARY 2021 7
RHSV NEWS
Top left: General view of Moe
Women on horseback Swamp, 1909, courtesy of Victorian
Places, John Young Collection
Top right: Willow Grove Road,
Trafalgar, 3824
Introduction mud tracks that served as ways around water in times of flood and in summer
It is often not recognised that, in the days the district. Surely the only attractions taking care of the paths she selected
of early exploration and settlement around to the area would have been the peat around the caked mud, dodging snakes.
Victoria, women played an essential role in reportedly up to seven feet deep in places, A track atop the embankments of the
managing their families as well as tending abundant timber nearby for building and controversial main drain, which was built
to the farming tasks; allowing the men plenty of water. to take away flood waters, became the
to clear land and turn felled trees into The PMG established a ‘Receiving Office’ section of the route between Yulungah
palings and slabs for buildings. Their days mail service in 1903 at the Moe Swamp and the road north from Trafalgar.
likely starting around daylight with the school, with the Head Teacher was co- In 1910, Annie, aged 50, carried 2140
preparation of food for the men, to enable opted as the ‘Keeper’ of the mail service. letters and 192 packets from Yulungah;
them to get away early and put in a full The area became known as Yulungah and her Keeper allowance was £5 ($704) for
day’s work. The role of women supporting the mail service moved across the road that year. She carried the mail until 30
their menfolk in this way was essential to the Keogh home in 1905, with Annie June 1917, with her last contract reaping
because if insufficient acreage was not appointed Keeper. an income of £26 per annum ($2,538).
cleared each year, the family would have With husband John involved in community She also relinquished her postmistress
defaulted their allotment lease terms with activities and his land and farm agent position in June 1917, which was taken
the Government and likely forfeit their business, Annie no doubt managed the over by Edwina Miller who held the
properties. household with her postal commitments. postmistress position and her husband
This account describes the contribution Together with her girls, Annie also Edwin the mail contract.
of four women to the communities of the attended to farming needs and chores Jump forward three years and we find
Moe Swamp just north of Trafalgar, later around the home, also purchasing and Albert Arnott and his wife Sarah Ann (nee
Yulungah and Trafalgar East where their placing orders with the merchant who Danson) on the allotment adjacent the
responsibilities also included adhering to regularly called in. Keogh property; Albert was the Keeper
their contracts with the Commonwealth Annie added to her postal responsibilities and held the mail contract until 1921.
Postmaster Generals Department (PMG), when she was awarded the inland mail An accomplished horsewoman, Sarah
and as described, much on horseback. contract between the Yulungah Receiving took over the mail contract in 1921 which
Office and the Trafalgar Post Office. With supplemented their income by £39/0/0
Moe Swamp/Yulungah income being unreliable off the land her ($3,173) for each of the next three years.
Annie Julia Moulin, (nee Dumeresq/ mail contract, which added £23/8/0 per Albert played a key role in establishing
Dumeresy) Keogh and husband John annum ($3,570) to the family income, the Trafalgar sub-branch of the ‘Returned
Valentino Keogh, settled with their three would have been well received. With her Sailors and Soldiers Imperial League of
children, Irene, Clarice and Elaine on horse saddled and the mail bags sealed Australia’, in February of 1919 and with
their allotment on the Moe Swamp north and lashed firmly she carried the mail his school and community involvement it
of Trafalgar in 1900. The Moe Swamp, three days each week for the 4 miles (6.4 is highly likely that, as with Annie, Sarah
some thousands of years in the making, kilometres) round trip. With only a track carried out both postal roles for much of
swarmed with snakes, insects and vermin; for much of the journey Annie would have the time in addition to the household and
not to mention the regular flooding and plunged her horse through fast running farming needs.
8 RHSV NEWS FEBRUARY 2021
Sarah was also associated closely with Bernardo was appointed the postmaster all roads closed, phone contact took
RHSV NEWS
the war effort and the recovery following and Catherine Ida, known as Kit, one of on a new importance. Kit attended the
the conclusion of the WWI; finding time, his daughters, as his assistant postmaster. switchboard until the flood waters had
she became the first president of the Kit was not a newcomer to the postal risen to a depth such that she could no
Trafalgar branch of the ‘Union of Soldiers, service as in 1920 she had won the mail longer attend to the calls. On leaving
Mothers, Wives and Sisters’ when it contract between the School and the the switchboard and post office room to
formed in February 1920. Trafalgar post office. This contract, as join her family in their roof, Kit marked
When John was tragically killed in a with Sarah Arnott’s, required skill and the water level in pencil; it measured
bridge building accident in August 1925, resilience in travelling the tracks, now at 3’8” (1120mm). Another local family also
Sarah became the postmistress; the last being formed into crude roads and spent the evening in the roof with the
service having been previously upgraded much later sealed. Plozza family.
from a receiving office. Kit was paid a subsidy of £25.0.0 ($1,777) Following the closure of the exchange
Sarah now conducted the post office per annum for her first three year contract. Kit’s devotion to the local community
business and continued her three days Her next contract ending 30 June 1926 was recognised at a social event held in
per week on horseback while maintaining attracted an increased rate of £30/0/0 1939 in the Trafalgar East public hall. She
the farm and household. Sarah passed ($2,441) and for her last contract, which was presented with a set of mulga wood
away in 1933 with the post office passing ceased 30 June 1928, she was paid book ends and bedroom clock encased
to her son Allan and the mail service £36/10/0 ($2,962) per annum. in Mulga wood.
reverted to a roadside delivery service A telephone exchange was established Such was the resilience and skills of a
from around 1935. Allan Arnott retained around 1924 in the Plozza home with few of many women who endured the
the service until its closure permanently Kit operating the switchboard, postal hardships of their times and forged with
in 1958. business and mail contract up to 1928. their menfolk the country we now enjoy.
Kit continued operating both the postal Editor’s note: Reserve Bank of Australia’s
Moe Swamp East/Trafalgar East and exchange business until the closure ‘Pre-Decimal Inflation Calculator’ was
Meanwhile, only 2½ miles (4km) east of the telephone exchange. It is likely that used to calculate the value of the pound
of Yulungah at Moe Swamp East, later she also supported her mother around at the time with the 2019 dollar value.
Trafalgar East, a similar life was being the home with the domestic chores. John Hanley
lived by the Plozza family. Bernardo with
The devastating floods of 1934 that Derived from the book The Moe Swamp
his wife Caterina and children had settled
closed the Gippsland railway and caused – Yulungah & Trafalgar East: The people,
in 1909 and took over the postal service
massive destruction on the swamp postal and telephone services’ by John
in 1924. The service had been located at
properties meant the little telephone Hanley (To be published early 2021)
the Trafalgar East primary school since
exchange became the sole means of
1908. The head teachers had also been
communicating outside of the area. With
the Keepers of the postal service.
Plozza family
(c. 1910)
21 Ronley Street
Blackburn Vic 3130
publish
p @ penfolk.com.au
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with writing; designing and compiling family training and support; consultationn
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RHSV NEWS FEBRUARY 2021 9
Around the societies
SOCIETIES
Prepared by volunteer We welcome Societies to submit an article/event of around
50 words, or email your Newsletter to us and we will write
Glenda Beckley on up around 50 words for you around twice per year.
behalf of the History FOR THE APRIL 2021 ISSUE please send details
Victoria Support Group. to office@historyvictoria.org.au by 1st March 2021.
APOLLO BAY: The Gadubanud people BRUNSWICK: The new committee has projects that we have been unable to
occupied the rainforest plateau and made plans for a meeting in February 2021. undertake due to lack of resources. We
rugged coastline of Cape Otway including Please mark your calendar for ‘Sharing Our are delighted to have helpers who freely
the current towns of Lorne and Apollo Bay. Stories of COVID-19’, Saturday 6 February give of their time, as it makes everything
By the early 1800s this area was also 2021, subject to COVID-19 restrictions, we do worthwhile. Are you interested in
familiar to sealers and whalers. In 1845 the 1.30-2.30 pm at Siteworks, 33 Saxon St, helping? If so, we would love to hear from
Bay was named by Captain Loutitt after he Brunswick. We continue to receive and you. Maybe you have administration skills
sheltered here in his vessel Apollo on a welcome your contributions of events that you are happy to use, perhaps even
voyage from Melbourne to Port Fairy. In and stories and information regarding helping with our website or social media.
1849 timber cutters commenced the History of Brunswick. And check our Or do you love the thrill of the chase,
harvesting the trees. The first timber mills Facebook page at www.facebook.com/ when it comes to researching many of the
were constructed in the early 1850s and brunswickcommunityhistorygroup interesting people who are buried at both
the huts built for the workers were the CAMBERWELL: Our meetings for 2021 cemeteries? Maybe you are interested
beginnings of a settlement close to the will recommence via Zoom with a meeting in military research, there are many
Barham River (Barrum-burrum). Apollo Bay on 23 February at 7 pm. Our March and service personnel buried at Cheltenham
provided comparatively protected waters April meetings are also planned to be on cemeteries and the committee is currently
for anchorage. The surrounding flat and zoom. Volunteers are needed to help scan attempting to put together a catalogue of
undulating land was suited for the location drawings and historical files especially as all these gallant men and women. If you
of the township. In 1853 it was surveyed we have a large new collection of beautiful are interested in helping the group, please
by Skene and was named Middleton. By drawings of local houses donated by contact us for a chat: info@focrc.org
the 1860s land became available for Margaret Picken and we have many files GISBORNE AND MOUNT MACEDON:
farming, by mid 1870s the first township still to scan from our collection. Thank The Court House, home of Gisborne &
blocks were offered for sale. The Apollo you to those members who have already Mount Macedon Districts Historical
Bay History Trail has 10 locations, including helped the committee with the backlog Society, at 4 Hamilton Street, Gisborne,
hotels, piers and jetties. Full details can be of scanning. was built in 1858 to a design by the Public
found on the website at: https://bit. Works Department. The 1855 records of
COLAC: The Society was established
ly/3oCeTZm the Police Station have many references
in 1950, making Colac one of the first
regional townships in the state to have to police attendances at the Court. The
such an organisation. The Society’s Borough Council was granted use of the
collection includes maps, photographs, building from 1860. When the Gisborne
ephemera, books of local relevance, and Shire was formed in 1871 it took over the
original manuscript material. Newspapers role of Borough Council and continued to
from the 1880s to the present day are use the building until the first Shire office
available on microfilm, and in some was erected in 1929 in Hamilton Street. By
cases, in hard copy. A range of clothing July 1861, a bluestone lockup, with brick
has been suitably stored, complemented stables and an adjoining police station had
by furniture and other objects of district been erected. The Court House building
significance. There is a wide-ranging has been home to numerous organisations:
BRIGHTON: Brighton Historical Society collection of school material, including the during WWI, food and clothing bundles for
was delighted last night to receive the archive of the former Colac High School, the war effort were stored and packaged,
Victorian Collections Award for Excellence and data relating to the former Colac Dixon & Son, Real Estate and Auctioneers,
for organisations with volunteer staff. The Technical School. Since 1970 the Society had an office from 1860 to 1927, in the
award is an acknowledgement of the hard has published books. Many of these, and 1900s the space in the Court House was
work our volunteers have undertaken a range of other publications, are available occupied by The Vermin & Noxious Weeds
in cataloguing our collection. BHS was for sale, both at the Centre or via our branch of the Lands Department, Gisborne
commended on our thorough, well- website colachistoricalsociety.org.au Waterworks Trust, Gisborne Police and
provenanced records with exceptional Gisborne Unit of the SES.
FRIENDS OF CHELTENHAM CEMETERIES:
collection photography. We thank all
The past year has, in some ways, given us
our wonderful volunteers who have
a rest from tours. However, it has also
dedicated their time to help preserve
meant that our ability to raise funds has
our collection and tell its stories, and
been severely curtailed. In spite of this,
Victorian Collections for providing us
our members have been amazing in their
with a quality platform to catalogue
generosity, with many making donations,
and share our community’s history with
as well as a 90 percent renewal rate.
the public. Visit our page at facebook.
The year has also prompted members,
com/brightonhistorical or website at
old and new, to offer their services for
brightonhistorical.org.au
10 RHSV NEWS FEBRUARY 2021SOCIETIES
LEARMONTH & DISTRICT: The Society’s work of the Stonnington History Centre at in local history. We have a collection of
home, the ‘Old Shire Offices’ 326 High Northbrook through the passing on of all household goods, linen and clothing
Street, Learmonth, have been closed since historic items to the Centre for the including day wear, evening gowns and
March and we have not met as a society Stonnington History Collection, and wedding dresses and the John Shaw
since then. During this time there have through publicising their work. When you Neilson display. The Archive contains
been numerous research enquiries and become a member, you are helping to photographs, records of past and present
we have been busy with family histories preserve our history for present and future community clubs: newspapers from
and responding to general requests. In generations. Nhill Free Press from 1882 thru to today,
September we applied to the Bendigo Shire rates, cemetery records and family
Community Bank Beaufort for a grant histories which are all used for family
for a ride on mower. We were successful research by the public.
and along with donations we purchased Email: nhillhistorical@gmail.com
a Kubota mower from Westag. We have a
PORT FAIRY: The Museum opened on
large area to maintain and our volunteers
2 January with the ‘Three men in a boat’
have kept the grounds mown and looking
exhibition. It tells the story of the Haldane
very neat and tidy. Thank you also to all
family and the building of the boat Tacoma
other members who have attended to
in Port Fairy, nearly 70 years ago. There
other jobs including weeding, pruning,
will also be a number of smaller exhibitions
general maintenance, bookkeeping and
for our members and visitors to enjoy. We
archiving. We plan to resume our regular MORWELL: During the last couple of are still keen for more volunteers to sign
monthly meetings on 16 February and months, we have been actively upgrading up for the duty roster so please feel free to
would appreciate suggestions for guest the display of some of the Society’s contact me if you have a few spare hours
speakers. artefacts. We have put up a row of 12 large in the month. Port Fairy Historical Society:
LILYDALE: For those who already follow framed photos on the north wall in the Museum and Archives, 30 Gipps Street
our Lilydale & District Historical Society Hare-Campbell room. One is an excellent Port Fairy, Victoria
Facebook page, we now also have a water colour painting by Bob Pelchin of the
ST KILDA: The Society turned 50 in
Facebook page, Nellie Melba Museum and Morwell West Primary School. The site of
2020 with far less fanfare than we had
an Instagram page, NellieMelbaMuseum. this school has now been swallowed up
anticipated. Nonetheless, the Committee
Our first photo of Melba was taken on the by the Yallourn Open Cut. We have also
continued its activities where possible. We
8th November 1902 on her return to her put up two walls of plaques in the passage
completed our Mirka Mora Project, which
beloved Lilydale, taken at Cave Hill with into the side door. Possibly the most
will feature in the Jewish Museum’s Mirka
her brother Charlie Mitchell and a pet interesting plaque is the one that was on
Exhibition from February 2021, uploaded
kangaroo. The people of Lilydale gave Kernot Hall in Yallourn. We also hung the
our photographs to Victorian Collections
Melba an enthusiastic welcome home plaque that came from the Morwell Library
digital archive, progressed our Maps
that day which included a procession to in Hazelwood Road. This building was
overlay project with Public Records Office
Cave Hill from the band rotunda in Main opened in 1966 and demolished in 2002
of Victoria, compiled the Society’s history,
Street. That evening her brother Charles to make way for the current Police Station.
and uploaded new information to our
Mitchell gave a dinner at the modern, well We have also included the Hazelwood
website stkildahistory.org.au
appointed Crown Hotel. At the close of Guides Honour Roll and the opening of
the evening Madame Melba and her party Morwell High School in 1959. We have the WA R R AC K N A B E A L : H o u s e d i n
walked to the railway station, escorted by Kurnai College Student Leaders Board, Warracknabeal’s first State Savings Bank,
a torchlight procession and the local band the Commercial Road Primary School the Historical Centre houses a collection of
where she was given a most enthusiastic Scholarship Board, the Crinigan Road items that make up the history of a typical
send off. House Captains Board and the Morwell Wimmera town. The display consists of
High School House Captains Board all furniture, pictures, maps, kitchen utensils
for viewing. All together we have added and the personal items found in the homes
44 plaques and honour rolls for display. of the pioneers of the area. The Society
We also have a shelf of 15 trophies above is dedicated to preserving the history of
the plaques. Some from Commercial Warracknabeal and surrounding districts,
Road School, a couple from the Technical from the life of early inhabitants through to
School, and the Maryvale Football Club the present time. Warracknabeal is located
Memorial trophy among others. in the heart of the Victorian wheat belt
and the collection celebrates Victoria’s
NHILL: It has not been possible to run
farming heritage and the people who
any activities such as day tours of the
contributed to its success. With a long
MALVERN: The Society is ‘Keeping district historic spots or to have any
history of innovation and the landscape
Stonnington’s History Alive’ in many ways. evening events such as film evenings.
dotted with iconic grain silos that now
Since 1972, the Society has actively However, we have still answered emails,
make up part of Victoria’s Silo Art Trail.
collected, promoted and shared the continued to work two afternoons a week
warracknabealhistory.org.au
history of Stonnington with the local as usual and assisted the Nhill Free Press
community, schools and family history with numerous stories and photographs,
researchers. The Society supports the which we hope has awakened an interest
RHSV NEWS FEBRUARY 2021 11RHSV NEWS
Windows on history:
Leadlight in Victoria’s
Infant Schools: c1907-1918
Hidden in Victoria’s primary schools and desks, where little feet comfortably were divided into three classes. Designs
are some little-known gems of leadlight reached the floor. Chalk boards attached differed, but Camberwell, and Canterbury
windows that enhance a handful of the to the walls were placed at a suitable (1907), epitomised the Federation ‘model
50 or more schools, dedicated to infants, height for children to reach, with ledges, school’, a single-storey structure of red
that were built in the first decades of the where finds, such as seashells, leaves, brick with contrasting Waurn Ponds stone,
twentieth century. cicada cases, skeletal remains of birds later, concrete, dressings and tiled roofs,
Victoria’s Education Act (1872) aimed to and other treasures could become aids stucco rendering in the gable ends, multi-
provide ‘free, secular and compulsory’ to teaching and learning. light round-headed windows and white
schooling for children from the age Stand-alone infant buildings, described painted window frames glazed with Art
of six to fourteen. The benefits of as ‘admirably built and fitted’, were first Nouveau leadlight in the upper sections.
education that we assume today were opened in 1902 at Armadale, Ascot Vale Leadlight windows installed in infant drill
not universally appreciated and there was and Essendon, implemented through a halls were as up-to-date as the buildings
some reluctance to attend by children who plan that became the prototype for the themselves, adapted from domestic
were unimpressed with rote learning in ‘model design’ – a group of classrooms, leadlight styles, such as those illustrated
dimly lit classrooms, rigid rules and regular usually six, grouped around a central in The Studio and other British art journals
punishment, and by parents who could drill hall with all necessary cloakrooms, of the period. Stylised flower and leaf
use extra hands at home or on the farm. By lavatories and teachers’ rooms. Many designs incorporated the sinuous lines of
1902, not only educational philosophy but school committees and councils, the period, set against a rectangular clear
also school architecture placed the needs supported by their local members of background leadlight grid that allowed for
of the children at its core. Purpose-built parliament, lobbied for years to secure maximum light within the teaching and
infant schools, detached from the main new accommodation. After eleven years hall spaces. At Glenferrie (1907), Middle
primary school, expressed these new of agitation, Camberwell’s infants moved Park (1909) and Malvern, Tooronga Road,
educational ideas in which long rooms into their purpose-built school in 1909 (1908), variations of these designs were
packed with rows of desks were replaced from a single long room 48 feet long and inserted into groups of lights at either end
with well- ventilated, light-filled rooms 16 feet wide, where the 200 children of the drill hall, with less ornate versions in
12 RHSV NEWS FEBRUARY 2021single side windows. But windows in two espoused by the Director of Education, artist William (Jock) Frater (1890-1974), who
RHSV NEWS
infant schools erected in 1910 epitomised Frank Tate, a former teacher and school was then employed in the stained-glass
changing times: a new Coburg school inspector, who kept abreast of current department at Brooks, Robinson & Co.
continued the popular Art Nouveau style, thinking and the need to establish the By 1915, Frater had joined a rival firm, E L
but at Footscray new subjects, based on groundwork of a good education for each Yencken & Co, but closely related designs,
pastoral scenes and Australian flora and child in the kindergarten. The addition of signed ‘WF’, appear in their catalogue
fauna, made their first appearances. these leadlights accorded with a greater from around the 1920s. The distinctly
Why it was decided to include emphasis on Australian ‘nature’, along Arts & Crafts style of the work suggests
kookaburras, cockatoos, rosellas and with stimulation of imagination, drawing that Frater drew on his experience as
eucalypts in the windows is not clear from and personal initiative within the school an apprentice in the studio of Oscar
Public Works Department records, but curriculum. Patterson, Glasgow.
it was an innovation that pre-dated the Designs at Moonee Ponds West and The origins of these delightful leadlight
enthusiastic embrace of Australiana that Auburn (1913), Malvern, Park Street, and windows may remain a mystery, but
appeared in many inter-war Melbourne Brunswick South (1914) are unique to the windows themselves continue to
homes a decade later. As leadlight cost each site, and although subjects remain be enjoyed by generations of school
significantly more than plain glass, three constant, they were adapted to the shapes children, adding to their growing store of
to five times, its inclusion seems more and sizes of the window opening. The knowledge before going on to the ‘big’
than a mere decoration or design whim. arrangements of trees, clouds and birds primary school and beyond.
It may reflect the ‘scientific’ curriculum resemble later designs by stained glass Dr Bronwyn Hughes OAM
Start planning….
Victorian Community for grants from not-for-profit organisations such as historical
societies, clubs, schools and museums in regional and rural
History Awards
Victoria. The Trust is interested in supporting enthusiastic
For more than 20 years these awards have been growing community groups and organisations with a true interest
stronger and more impressive with every year. Managed in heritage preservation and appreciation and the
by Public Record Office Victoria and the RHSV, the awards enhancement of community life. Grants of up to $2,000
include the Premier’s History Award. are awarded.
Applications open in late March and close in early July: entry Applications open 31 March and close 31 July each year.
forms will be available from the RHSV website. The 2021 More information: historyvictoria.org.au/programs/
awards cover project which will come to fruition between 1 holsworth-local-heritage-grants/
July 2020 and 30 June 2021 (inclusive).
The awards are not just for publications but cover History Month
collaborative community projects, oral history, multimedia, October is History Month. We encourage all historical
podcasts, apps, maps, walking tours, virtual tours, societies to hold an event during history month – there is an
exhibitions, musical interpretation, journal articles, videos, exceptional suggested list of events on our website which
projects which cover cultural diversity and activities which is a great place to start your brainstorming. We encourage
enhance awareness of local community records including you to think about collaborations with local schools, libraries
digitising, indexing, and original research. and other community organisations – spread the joy!
History Month overlaps with the Seniors Festival and
Holsworth grants
Children’s Week so why not devise an event or two which
The RHSV administers the Holsworth Grants each year can be featured in more than one program?
which were established to aid the publication of rural and
historyvictoria.org.au/brainstorm-history-month-event-
regional history.
ideas/
The Holsworth Local Heritage Trust, a charitable fund within
the Victorian Community Foundation, invites applications
RHSV NEWS FEBRUARY 2021 13John Yeoman & Co. (1894).
Stawell Cadet Corp. forming
a British Square, R. Z. Davies
commanding. Courtesy of the
State Library Victoria
RHSV NEWS
n dato
a
M
MILITARY ry
MINORS
later, by June 1885, the number
‘In 1911 Australia became the of cadets enrolled in the program
first modern English-speaking had risen to 1,850 in both Education
country to demand universal and Department and private boys’ schools.
mandatory military training in times In 1902 Sargood remembered that of the
of peace; for 12- to 18-year-old large number of cadets that had passed
boys. Caulfield Grammar School through its ranks, it had been found that
with its long-established Cadet Unit more than two-thirds of the men who
was an enthusiastic supporter of Sargood, while on an overseas trip to had served in Victorian Contingents in
the scheme.’ Europe, had been much impressed with the South African War had formerly been
the defence system in Switzerland. School cadets. The Sargoods became heavily
Australia’s bitter conscription debates
boys in that country from the ages of six involved in the Cadet movement and Lady
and referendums of the Great War belies
to eighteen received progressive military Sargood presented a handsome silver cup
the fact that our country had, only a
instruction as a regular part of their for annual competition in rifle-shooting. Sir
few years earlier, instituted compulsory
school training. He sought to establish Frederick, seen as the ’Father of the Cadet
military training and service for all boys
a somewhat similar military training in Corps,’ held the first general parade of the
aged 12 – 18, the Army Cadet movement.
Victorian schools. He hoped it would serve cadet corps on the grounds of his own 23-
School cadet units had existed in this
the purpose of familiarising boys and acre property ‘Rippon Lea’ at Elsternwick.
country from the 1860s onwards and
youths with habits of discipline, regularity, These grounds were also used for rifle
often grew out of the practice of students
and obedience to authority and exercise shooting practice and cadet training by his
undertaking various forms of military drill,
them in military drill and the ready use adjoining neighbours, Caulfield Grammar
mainly in the form of marching. But in
of a rifle. Sargood stated that he looked School, perhaps encouraged by the fact
nineteenth century Australia, secondary
to cadets as furnishing a most important that his son William also attended the
schools were heavily influenced by
recruitment ground for the militia forces. school.
the moral directions of British models
and sympathetic headmasters who He aimed to bind together in one patriotic By 1908 at CGS, this training was borne
avidly supported the view that success brotherhood in the youth of this country so out in a practical way with a stated view to
in war depended upon patriotism and that, should occasion arise, they might be moulding future soldiers. For boys under
military spirit and that preparation for able, in years after, to defend their country 14, the chief aim was physical improvement
war would strengthen ‘manly virtue’ and with the most telling effect. and musketry practice using the miniature
‘patriotic ardour’. At countless speech In due course, Sargood called a meeting rifle range constructed at the school, which
days, the assembled boys were told that of the principals of private colleges and necessitated the erection of rifle racks to
their schools were providing training in prominent head teachers of State schools store the weapons during the days when
character and duty to make them leaders for the purpose of formally establishing students attended their usual classes. The
of men and defenders of the Empire. These the ‘Victorian Volunteer Cadet Corps’. older boys completed company drill and
attitudes helped foster the growth of the This body was first gazetted on the 23 more especially open-order training, giving
cadet movement in Australian schools. January 1885, with Caulfield Grammar them, it was claimed, some insight into the
School (CGS) listed as the fifth unit to be methods employed in early 20th century
In Victoria in the early 1880s, the Minister
established in this state. Just six months warfare and was seen to be of great use
for Defence, Lt. Col. (later Sir) Frederick
14 RHSV NEWS FEBRUARY 2021You can also read
