History and Prospects of Innocence Project Japan (IPJ) - Mitsuyuki INABA Professor, Ritsumeikan University Director, Innocence Project Japan
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History and Prospects of
Innocence Project Japan (IPJ)
Mitsuyuki INABA
Professor, Ritsumeikan University
Director, Innocence Project Japan 1
1.
History
2
a computer scientist
meets
criminal justice.
3
Shibushi case
13 people were arrested and
charged with election violations.
They were detained for months
to a year. Six of them confessed.
One man died during the trial
from the stress, and another tried
to kill himself.
As a result, they were all
acquitted because there was no
objective evidence other than a
confession.
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/11/world/asia/11japan.html?mcubz=1 4
Computer-based Analysis
of Interrogation Reports (with signature)
Receive + Money
Not + Receive + Money
Only reports
discussed in
the court
5
Comparison of police detention period in Japan
Arrest &
detention
detainment
Re-
Japan 72 h 20 days arrest
24 Max.
France h 24h
Confession
Australia 48h
and apology
24
are important! https://cdn-ak.f.st-
hatena.com/images/fotolife/k/kazemachi
UK h
Max. 72h
gusa/20171118/20171118232830.jpg
24
Italy h
1
Taiwan 6
h
http://www.nichibenren.or.jp/library/ja/publicati
on/booklet/data/daiyou_kangoku_leaflet.pdf 6
Kagoshima Rape Case
Trial
• 17-year-old girl claimed that she got raped by Mr. I.
• 1st DNA Test: Crime lab staff couldn’t analyze sperm DNA.
• Mr. I had consumed so much alcohol that night that he had no
memory of it, but he confessed during interrogation.
⇒ The judge accepted the victim's claim.
Mr. I was sentenced to “4 years in prison.”
Appeal trial
Victim’s Deposition Analysis
• Strange transition of a victim statements
• Unnaturally hidden victim's SMS history
↓
2nd DNA Test: Outside expert found third person’s DNA
⇒ Mr. I was sentenced “not guilty.“
7
Need for Scientific Thinking in Criminal Justice
Check if science and technology are
used appropriately in criminal justice
8
2.
Innocence Project:
pro-science movement for
saving innocent people
9
The Innocence Project
375 DNA exonerees to date
(2020/09/05)
21 of 375 people served
time on death row
In 1992, Barry Scheck and Peter
Neufeld started the Innocence Project.
https://www.innocenceproject.org/exonerate/
https://25years.innocenceproject.org/
10The Innocence Project (Mar. 2015)
The Innocence Project External Experts
Dr. Saul Kassin
Ms. Maddy deLone （CUNY,
(Director） False Confession）
Dr. Jennifer Dysart
Mr. Chris Fabricant （CUNY,
（Strategic Litigation） Eyewitness）
Ms. Angela Amel Dr. Jeffrey Fagan
（Social Work） （Policing）
11California Innocence Project (Mar. 2015)
• Based on California Western School of Law (San Diego).
• Prof. Justin Brooks, other faculties, and law school
students are involved in the project.
• They handle cases that prove false charges other than
DNA evidence
Prof. Justin Brooks
123.
Launch of
Innocence Project Japan (IPJ)
13Framework of Innocence Project Japan (IPJ)
Collaboration Innocence Project Japan
Computer
Cog. Sci.
Science
Steering committee Attorney
Psychology at Law
Forensic Law
Science
Ritsumeikan
Univ.
Deposition Forensic Sci. Legal Review
DNA Division
Analysis Division Division Division
Deposition Various DNA test
Analysis Experts Scientists Experts
Western Japan Eastern Japan
Attorneys Group Attorneys Group
14Activities of IPJ
Exonerate Discuss https://www.keiben-oasis.com/wp-
content/uploads/2019/06/5ninyokonarabi.jpg
2015.7 Preparatory Office • “The Frontier of the Innocence Movement in
2016.4 Launch of IPJ the United States”
• Received requests: 367 • “The Future of the Innocence Movement”
• Exonerated (Mar. 2020): 2 • “Biased Scientific Evidence”
• “Bias and Tunnel Vision”
• “Transparency in Interrogation”
Network Educate
• Close interaction with the • IPJ Student Projects
Taiwan Innocence Project • Study meeting https://ch.konan-
u.ac.jp/information/informati
• MOU with Int’l Innocence • Lectures
on/category-12/541.html
Thailand • Event supports
• Information Exchange with
IPs in US
154.
Results of Activities
16Case 1：SBS/AHT case
On January 28, 2020, the man was
found not guilty in a case involving
Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS), or
Abusive Head Trauma (AHT).
IPJ members joined the defense team
from the first trial.
The defense team has argued that the
SBS hypothesis has been
considered as scientifically
unreliable in the UK, US and other
countries. 17Case 2: Koto Memorial Hospital Case
• In 2003, a patient was found dead
while in a hospital. A nursing aide
confessed to the murder.
• At the trial, she said she confessed
https://public.potaufeu.asahi.com/b1e2- because of her romantic feelings for
p/picture/20790644/872a0c6bbf8ff6232
e00061eaaa827ac.jpg the interrogator.
• She was sentenced to 12 years in
prison (and served 12 years).
• Later, defense lawyers found a
medical report that was hidden by the
police for 15 years. It suggested that
the patient’s death was an accident.
https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20190320/
• She was exonerated in March 2020.
p2a/00m/0na/010000c
185.
Challenges and Prospects
19Challenges of Innocence Efforts in Japan
Culture that emphasizes confession
and apology
Disregard for evidence and data
• However, before confessions and apologies,
the evidence and data must be properly
examined scientifically to find the truth.
• Otherwise, Japan’s criminal justice will
continue to make mistakes.
20Prospects of IPJ
• Promoting the importance
of the proper use of
evidence and data.
• Ensuring that Japanese
criminal justice does not
repeat the same mistakes.
21Thank you for your attention!
http://www.ipjapan.org/
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