GRASS & ROOTS 2021 - Scotland - Agrii
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Scotland GRASS & ROOTS 2021
CONTENTS
CONTENTS AN INTRODUCTION TO AGRII’S WELCOME
GRASS AND ROOTS BUSINESS
INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 All livestock farms are different. At Agrii, we believe that giving specific advice on increasing
quality home grown forage is the key to maximising an individual livestock farm’s productivity.
CONTACTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Back Cover Our extensive knowledge of nutrient management, agrochemical inputs, grass seed mixture
formulations and grassland management can all help build a resilient business and increase
margins from forage in these uncertain times.
GRASS KEY
The Master Leys range Using the SRUC Grass and Clover varieties for
Reseeding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8 (IRG) = Italian Ryegrass of grass mixtures is tried Scotland, we can then choose which varieties we
and tested, and repeat use to make Master Leys mixtures. By doing this we
Grass species characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 (HRG) = Hybrid Ryegrass
ordering has enabled us can capitalise on the individual strengths of each
(PRG) = Perennial Ryegrass
Mixture selector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-11 to grow. Master Leys has become one of the most variety which will include yield, D Value, ground
F = Festulolium popular brands within the UK, as we offer a full and cover, winter hardiness, disease resistance, seasonal
Agrii mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-16 comprehensive range of mixtures for all types of growth and persistency. Taking into account the
Overseeding and overseeding mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . 18-19 farming systems and regions throughout the UK. individual variety strengths, we can then formulate
the best possible mixture, which in turn will give you
Working in close coordination with leading grass
Grassland nutrition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-21 the best potential within your sward.
seed breeders throughout the UK and Europe, Agrii
Grassland weed control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26-29 is able to access the best varieties to formulate the To help reduce the reliance on bought-in winter feed,
Master Leys portfolio. In addition to this, we aim we also offer a wide range of root seeds which will
Multi-species leys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
to support UK agriculture wherever possible by help provide additional home grown winter forage.
Equine mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32-33 growing over 80% of the grass seed used to produce By visiting trial sites and working closely with the
Master Leys on UK farms. This also enables us to breeders, it means we are able to choose and offer
Amenity mixtures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34-35 have greater control over the quality of the seed we the best varieties across all species of roots. Not only
use and ensures that what goes into a Master Leys can we offer the best varieties, we can also offer
bag is of the highest possible standard. advice on establishment techniques, nutrition for the
Lucerne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 crop and agrochemical inputs, to help you achieve
Having an independent trialling system for grass
Chicory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 and clover is extremely important for grassland
maximum forage output. Along with this, we can
also offer advice on feeding the crop to help reduce
Plantain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 farmers across the UK. This ensures progression is
wastage and to make sure the crop that you have
made in the field to produce the maximum amount
White clover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 grown is utilised to its full potential.
of quality home grown forage. This independent
Red clover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Agrii: At the Heart of Grassland
data is showcased in the SRUC Grass & Clover
varieties for Scotland, and Agrii pays into a levy to Adam Simper
help fund these trials. National Forage
ROOTS Our integrated grassland service Grass and Root Seed
Development Manager
Root seed selector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Fodder beet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Energy beet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Swedes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Kale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 OVERSEEDING
GUIDE TO GRASS AND ROOTS 2021
GUIDE TO GRASS AND ROOTS 2021
Maincrop turnips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Stubble turnips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Forage rape. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Catch crop mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
GAMECOVER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
ROOT
CROPS
2 3
GRASS RESEEDING
GRASS
GRASS
GRASS
RESEEDING: THINGS TO CONSIDER
With an abundance of grass seed mixtures on the market, choosing
the correct mixture is vital to ensure it suits your individual
“Master Leys has become one of the grassland management regime.
most popular brands within the UK,
Grass is a crop and grassland farmers need to Once you know you have the correct mixture you
know that the mixture being sown is fit for purpose, are then able to capitalise on producing high yields
to ensure the seasonal growth, yields, quality and of quality home grown forage, which is vital for
as we offer a full and comprehensive management style meet requirements. on-farm profitability.
range of mixtures for all types
of farming systems and regions REALISE THE RESEEDING DOESN’T JUST BRING
GRAZING AND CUTTING YIELD
throughout the UK.” BENEFITS BENEFITS, IT WILL ALSO LEAD TO:
✚ Improved quality
✚ Increased palatability and digestibility
Growers often question the value of reseeding,
Adam Simper | National Forage Grass and Root Seed Development Manager however reseeding should always be seen as ✚ Improved DM intakes
an investment rather than a cost. ✚ Increased seasonal growth
✚ Increased animal performance
Good quality grazed grass is the cheapest feed
for ruminants. Renewing pastures regularly ✚ Increased stocking rates
is important to maximise productivity and ✚ Increased disease resistance
GUIDE TO GRASS AND ROOTS 2021
GUIDE TO GRASS AND ROOTS 2021
maintain feed quality. ✚ Improved response to N fertiliser
✚ All of these factors result in increased
farm productivity
4 5
RESEEDING
HOW TO SELECT REALISE THE BENEFITS: RESEEDING
GRASS SEED MIXTURES REDUCING WEED GRASSES
TO SUIT YOUR REQUIREMENTS
GRASS
GRASS
Within several years from establishing a new ley, ‘weed grasses’ will ingress into a sward especially
after a hard winter or if the land has been poached (see chart below). Compared to modern day
Below are some tips to think about to make sure you are choosing the correct mixture:
ryegrasses, these weed grasses will produce lower yields and lower quality forage. The palatability
and digestibility will also be poorer which will all result in a reduction in animal performance and
✚ RECOMMENDED VARIETIES If your soil type and location don’t allow you to profitability from home grown forage.
Make sure the varieties within the mixture are on the turnout early, then a mixture containing all late
perennial ryegrass should be considered as it will
SRUC Grass and Clover varieties list for Scotland.
start growing slightly later in the growing season
WEED GRASS INGRESSION
This will ensure higher yields, better D values,
improved disease resistance, increased ground so less grass is wasted in the sward. 100
cover, improved winter hardiness and a better return 90
on investment compared to non-listed varieties. ✚ FIELD LOCATION
This will impact whether you want to cut or graze 80
% Perennial Content
70
✚ SOIL TYPE the sward. Also if a field is close to the farm and
Lighter soils: Festuloliums should be considered as gets used a lot, you may then want to use a mix 60
they are extremely useful on dry, light land. They with a high diploid content which will provide 50
have increased stress tolerances as a result of the greater ground cover. 40
fescue that is bred into them. A higher proportion 30
of tetraploids may also be better as they have a ✚ WHAT’S YOUR END GOAL?
First of all, decide how long you want the mix to 20
deeper rooting system compared to diploids and
will scavenge for moisture better. last. Then if you want flexibility with the ability 10
to cut and graze, choose a mix containing both 0
Heavier soils: Diploids may be better as they tiller diploids and tetraploids. If predominantly cutting, Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 10
out more and provide a dense base which will help choose a mix with a high tetraploid content as Weed Species 18 24 32 38 51 88
prevent poaching. tetraploids have a higher cutting yield, quicker Sown Species 82 76 68 62 49 12
regrowth and a higher level of water soluble Source: Germinal Sown Species Weed Species
✚ LONGEVITY: HOW LONG DO YOU carbohydrates which will aid the fermentation
WANT IT TO LAST FOR? process. If intensively rotational grazing, then
Talk to your Seed Specialist/Agronomist in years. These weed grasses also don’t respond to nitrogen fertiliser inputs as well as ryegrasses (see chart
choose a mix that can cope with this style of
One person’s thoughts on medium term is different below). With on-farm margins being squeezed, making sure your sward has the correct grasses to
management and provide good ground cover and
to another. For perennial ryegrass mixtures that respond to nitrogen inputs is also vital for a sustainable and profitable business. If you are buying and
quick regrowth. If intensively tight grazing, then
are intended to last long term, make sure that applying nitrogen fertiliser you want to make sure the crop is responding and utilising the fertiliser applied.
use a mix with a high diploid content. Diploids
varieties within the mix will last the full length of
have a higher DM/kg of feed and will also tiller out
time. A mix containing early perennial ryegrasses
better than tetraploids, which will create a dense
varieties will only last 4-5 years so these varieties
sward. Look at the mixture selector on pages RESPONSE TO NITROGEN
would not suit a long term mixture lasting 7 years.
10 & 11 to help decide what mix is suitable for your
A 3-4 year cutting mix should not contain any 100
grassland management.
Italian ryegrass as they only last 2 years. It may 100
cheapen the mix but the production would drop ✚ CLOVER OR NO CLOVER?
dramatically in years 3 and 4, meaning the ley isn’t 80
If you expect significant weed problems then
fit for purpose. choose a no clover mixture. Consult your
agronomist about appropriate herbicides and 60
✚ SEASONAL GROWTH timings to control the weeds. Once the herbicides %
GUIDE TO GRASS AND ROOTS 2021
GUIDE TO GRASS AND ROOTS 2021
If grazing and early spring growth is important
are applied and the weeds are addressed,
for an early turnout, then intermediate perennial 40
introduce the clover at a later date if required.
ryegrasses should be used. They will last longer 42
than early perennial ryegrass and still produce 33
early spring growth which would suit medium 20
and long term grazing, cutting and dual 17
purpose mixtures.
0
PRG Yorkshire Rough Stalked Bent
Fog Meadow Grass Grass
SPECIES
*These losses in response occur when N is increased from 50 -150 units/acre
6 7
RESEEDING: TOP TIPS
GRASS
RESEEDING
SPECIES
Once the decision to reseed has been made, following these steps
GRASS
GRASS
will help you achieve the full potential of the reseed.
✚ Address any compaction or drainage issues ✚ Drill or broadcast the seed onto the rolled
within the field and clear drainage ditches to seedbed to a depth of 1cm. If broadcasting
ensure all outflows are working correctly. lightly harrow and then roll. If drilling just roll
✚ Destroy the old sward using a product
containing glyphosate. Ensure there is
to ensure maximum seed to soil contact. Rolling
will also help to reduce moisture loss. Perennial GRASS SPECIES CHARACTERISTICS
ryegrass will not germinate until the average
sufficient new growth for the chemical to be
taken up and that an appropriate rate is applied
daily soil temperatures are above 5°C and Currently, throughout the UK, most reseeds are a mixture of diploid
under correct conditions. Whilst this treatment
clovers above 8°C. Temperatures need to rise to and tetraploid perennial ryegrass.
achieve satisfactory germination and growth.
will control actively growing plants it will not
kill dormant weed seed in the soil. ✚ Once established, pull at the grass blades There are also other types of ryegrass and species – related to their characteristic and phenotypic
with your thumb and finger. If the root system used such as clovers, Timothy, cocksfoot, and in appearance. It is characterised by high dry matter
✚ Walk in a ‘W’ around the field taking soil recent years Festuloliums, which all have a role yield, high cold tolerance, drought tolerance and
is pulled out then the plant is not ready to be
samples to a depth of 15cm if ploughing or to play in certain situations. Each of these species the overall high persistency that tends to be found
grazed. If the roots stay in the ground and the
7.5cm if only cultivating the surface, to analyse have different growth and quality characteristics in fescues, whereas its rapid establishment, spring
grass blades rip off then graze periodically from
the pH, P and K indices. so it is important to select the most appropriate growth, good digestibility, high sugar content and
8-12cm down to 4-6cm. This will encourage the
species for your ground and situation. palatability, characterise ryegrass.
✚ Apply any farmyard manure. plant to tiller out and help achieve a dense leafy
✚ Plough and press. sward. Gentle first grazings also allow sunlight Perennial ryegrass Italian ryegrass
to reach and stimulate the grass tiller buds and Lolium perenne (PRG) Lolium multiflorum (IRG)
✚ Apply seedbed fertiliser as suggested from the the clover’s growing points. Sheep or young The most widely sown species and most persistent This is a short-lived grass, lasting for two years.
soil sample results. Apply any lime to achieve stock are ideal for first grazings as they are less type of ryegrass. It is a versatile species as it can It will start to grow when the soil temperatures reach
6.5 pH at a maximum of 5t/ha (2t/acre), split-dress likely to poach the developing sward and they be cut or grazed. Different varieties of perennials 3˚C, therefore growing earliest in the spring and
if more is required. will also minimise any potential soil compaction are subdivided into diploids and tetraploids and latest in the autumn compared to other agricultural
in wet conditions. then divided further into early, intermediate or grasses. Italian ryegrass is very good at utilising
✚ Work down to prepare a fine, firm seedbed.
late – meaning that they provide grass growth any residual nutrients left within the soil after the
✚ Ring roll. ✚ Weed control in the new ley is usually at different times of the growing season. It yields previous crop has been harvested. It has a very
necessary to ensure a good establishment around 13-15t DM/ha, which is lower yielding than open growth habit, with fewer tillers than other
✚ Choose the correct Agrii grass mixture to and to avoid a gappy sward. Consult your Italian ryegrass but perennials last longer than grasses and is best suited to cutting rather than
suit your management regime. Remember to agronomist with regards to timings and Italian ryegrass and westerwolds, at around five to grazing regimes. This is one of the highest yielding
choose a no clover mixture if significant weed application of a suitable herbicide. seven years (depending on heading date). grass species available in the UK and can provide
problems are expected. You can then introduce around 18t DM/ha/year in the correct conditions.
the clover at a later date once a herbicide has Hybrid ryegrass
been applied to the sward. Lolium multiflorum x Lolium boucheanum (HRG) Timothy
Hybrid ryegrass is a cross between Italian and Phleum pratense
perennial ryegrasses. The crossing between the Timothy grows at lower temperatures than
two species means it has the yield of IRGs and the perennial ryegrasses and can be good for early
longevity of the PRGs, so the persistency will be grazing in cold late springs. It has good ground
around 4 years. Most varieties have more Italian cover and is a winter hardy species, which
genes within the plant, making it a useful inclusion thrives on wet or heavy land. It is a very common
in intensive mixtures. Hybrids also have more tillers species found in pasture throughout the UK. This
than straight Italian ryegrasses due to the perennial is mainly due to its ability to provide good mid-
gene within the plant, which increases ground cover season growth which can fill the summer gap
and also makes them suitable for grazing. when ryegrass growth is slowing down. Timothy is
GUIDE TO GRASS AND ROOTS 2021
GUIDE TO GRASS AND ROOTS 2021
suited for both cutting and grazing.
Festulolium
Festulolium is a cross between meadow fescue Westerwold ryegrass
(Festuca pratensis) or tall fescue (Festuca Lolium multiflorum westerwoldicum
arundinacea) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium The only agricultural grass to produce a stem and
perenne) or Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). a seed head from a spring sowing. This makes it
When the cross is done, it will result in grasses with ideal for hay production or increasing silage yields
the best characteristics of each parent. Depending if spring reseeding. These are annual grasses
on parental material, a Festulolium will get the best which are very fast to establish but are relatively
qualities from both grasses but it will be somewhat short lived. Westerwolds are very good at utilising
more similar to either the fescue or the ryegrass any residual nutrients left within the soil after the
type. Hence, Festuloliums can be categorised into previous crop has been harvested.
two main types – the tall fescue or the ryegrass type
8 9
MIXTURE SELECTOR
MIXTURE MIXTURE
SELECTOR SELECTOR
THINGS TO CONSIDER...
GRASS
GRASS
1. How long would you like it to last? 2. Are you grazing, cutting or both? 3. Would you like clover in the mix?
SUITABILITY SUITABILITY SUITABILITY NO CLOVER
LONGEVITY CLOVER VERSION PACK SEED RATE MORE
MIXTURE MIXTURE PURPOSE FOR FOR FOR VERSION
IN YEARS GRAZING CUTTING HAY
AVAILABLE
AVAILABLE
SIZE KG/ACRE INFO
SHORT
TERM Bulk Master 1-2 One to two year bulky silage ley * ***** **** ✗ ✓ 25kg 14.00kg Page 12
SHORT/ Two to three year productive red clover ley
MEDIUM TERM Protein Master 2-3 *** ***** * ✓ (Red) ✗ 20kg 13.00-15.00kg Page 12
with aftermath grazing
Three to four year productive cutting ley
Cut Master 3-4 *** ***** * ✓ (White) ✓ 20kg 13.00-15.00kg Page 13
with aftermath grazing
Silage Master 4-6 Four to six year intensive cutting mixture *** ***** ** ✓ (White) ✓ 20kg 13.00-15.00kg Page 13
MEDIUM
TERM
Four to six year high production dual
Turbo Master 4-6 **** **** ** ✓ (White) ✓ 20kg 13.00-15.00kg Page 14
purpose mixture
Four to six year plus dual purpose mixture
Field Master 4-6 **** **** **** ✓ (White) ✓ 20kg 13.00-15.00kg Page 14
with early bite
MEDIUM/ Four to seven year high performance dual
LONG TERM Scot Master 4-7 **** **** ** ✓ (White) ✓ 20kg 13.00-16.00kg Page 15
purpose mixture
Sward Master 7+ Seven year plus intensive grazing mixture ***** *** ** ✓ (White) ✓ 20kg 13.00-16.00kg Page 16
LONG
TERM
Seven year plus permanent winter hardy
Hill Master 7+ ***** ** ** ✓ (White) ✓ 20kg 14.00-17.00kg Page 16
extensive grazing mixture
Rejuvenate existing pastures to increase yields
Short Term 1-2 * ***** * ✗ ✓ 10kg 10.00kg Page 19
and improve quality
OVERSEEDING Rejuvenate existing pastures to increase yields
MIXTURES Medium Term 3-4 *** **** * ✓ (White) ✓ 10kg 10.00kg Page 19
and improve quality
Rejuvenate existing pastures to increase yields
Long Term 5+ *** **** * ✓ (White) ✓ 10kg 10.00kg Page 19
and improve quality
LONGEVITY MORE
HORSE & PONY MIXTURES
IN YEARS INFO
GUIDE TO GRASS AND ROOTS 2021
GUIDE TO GRASS AND ROOTS 2021
Horse & Pony Master Plus Perennial Ryegrass 6+ Page 32
Lami-Less Horse & Pony Master 6+ Page 32
ST Hay Master 2 Page 33
LT Hay Master 6+ Page 33
ST Haylage Master 1-2 Page 33
LT Haylage Master 6+ Page 33
10 11
AGRII MIXTURES: SHORT TERM AGRII MIXTURES: MEDIUM TERM
GRASS AGRII
SPECIES MIXTURES
BULK MASTER CUT MASTER
GRASS
GRASS
(THREE WAY ITALIAN CATCH CROP) ONE TO TWO YEAR BULKY SILAGE LEY THREE TO FOUR YEAR PRODUCTIVE CUTTING LEY WITH AFTERMATH GRAZING
Bulk Master is 100% Italian ryegrass which has ✚ 30% Meribel Diploid IRG Cut Master is a three to four year ley which will ✚ 35% Lofa Advanced hybrid Festulolium
rapid establishment and will produce three to produce three to four cuts of quality high yielding ✚ 15% AberEcho Tetraploid HRG
✚ 30% Alamo Diploid IRG
four bulky cuts of quality silage. Italian Ryegrass silage starting early to mid May. It also has the
grows at lower temperatures making Bulk Master ✚ 40% Gemini Tetraploid IRG ability to offer exceptional aftermath grazing after ✚ 10% Boyne Intermediate diploid PRG
ideal for drilling after crops have been harvested ✚ 100% the last cut. ✚ 20% Seagoe Intermediate tetraploid PRG
in the Autumn. ✚ 15% Evocative Late diploid PRG
✚ Packed in 25kg bags The high percentage of Festulolium, hybrid and
Bulk Master is an excellent user of residual N which intermediate PRG within the mix will also produce ✚ 5% Cutting White Clover Blend ER
V E R S I ON A
✚ Suggested sowing rate 14.00kg/acre
V
V
has been left by the previous crop and can be used quality early grazing for early fat lamb production
AI
O
NO CL
✔ 36% Violin Large leaf white clover
L AB
for one big cut in the spring if returning to maize, if required. The varieties Boyne and Evocative are
LE
✔ 40% Dublin Medium leaf white clover
or left down for two full years. used to help with sward density. White clover is ✔ 24% Brianna Very large leaf white clover
included to increase the palatability and protein
levels of the sward, whilst also having the ability to ✚ 100%
fix nitrogen. ✚ Packed in 20kg bags
✚ Suggested sowing rate 13-15kg/acre
AGRII MIXTURES: SHORT/MEDIUM TERM SILAGE MASTER
FOUR TO SIX YEAR INTENSIVE CUTTING MIXTURE
PROTEIN MASTER Silage Master is a four to six year ley which ✚ 10% Lofa Advanced hybrid Festulolium
TWO TO THREE YEAR PRODUCTIVE RED CLOVER LEY WITH AFTERMATH GRAZING includes slightly later heading varieties which ✚ 10% Boyne Intermediate diploid PRG
will produce three to four cuts of top quality
silage starting at the end of May. The high ✚ 10% AberWolf Intermediate diploid PRG
Protein Master is a two to three year red clover ✚ 25% Lofa Advanced hybrid Festulolium
ley which will produce two to three high protein
quantity of tetraploid within the mix means it will ✚ 15% Pensel Intermediate tetraploid PRG
✚ 25% AberEcho Tetraploid HRG have a quick regrowth and a high WSC (Water
bulky silage cuts with quality aftermath grazing. ✚ 20% Seagoe Intermediate tetraploid PRG
✚ 25% Seagoe Intermediate tetraploid PRG Soluble Carbohydrate) level which will aid the
The red clover content will finish lambs extremely ✚ 10% Evocative Late diploid PRG
fermentation process.
well however red clover contains oestrogen which ✚ 25% Red Clover Blend ✚ 10% AberAvon Late diploid PRG
can affect the fertility of your breeding stock so (red clover varieties may change, subject to availability) After the last cut, Silage master will also offer
don’t graze four to six weeks either side of tupping. ✔ 25% Callisto valuable aftermath grazing due to the percentage ✚ 10% AberGain Late tetraploid PRG
V E R S I ON A
Care should also be taken if grazing cattle due to ✔ 35% Amos of diploid within the mix. White clover is included ✚ 5% Cutting White Clover Blend
ER
V
V
AI
O
potential bloat issues from the red clover. to increase the palatability and protein levels of the
NO CL
L AB
✔ 40% Global ✔ 36% Violin Large leaf white clover
LE
sward, whilst also having the ability to fix nitrogen. ✔ 40% Dublin Medium leaf white clover
The high red clover content will help increase the ✚ 100%
overall yield and can also help to fix 100-150kg/N/ ✔ 24% Brianna Very large leaf white clover
✚ Packed in 20kg bags
ha/year offering potential opportunities to reduce ✚ 100%
N applications. The red clover, Festulolium and ✚ Suggested sowing rate 13-15kg/acre
GUIDE TO GRASS AND ROOTS 2021
GUIDE TO GRASS AND ROOTS 2021
✚ Packed in 20kg bags
tetraploid content will also ensure high yields even
in dry years. ✚ Suggested sowing rate 13-15kg/acre
12 13
AGRII MIXTURES: MEDIUM TERM AGRII MIXTURES: MEDIUM/LONG TERM
AGRII AGRII
MIXTURES MIXTURES
TURBO MASTER SCOT MASTER
GRASS
GRASS
FOUR TO SIX YEAR HIGH PRODUCTION DUAL PURPOSE MIXTURE FOUR TO SEVEN YEAR HIGH PERFORMANCE DUAL PURPOSE MIXTURE
Turbo Master is designed for one to two large cuts ✚ 12% Lofa Advanced hybrid Festulolium Scot Master is a proven quality dual purpose ley ✚ 16% Boyne Intermediate diploid PRG
followed quality aftermath grazing, making it a ✚ 16% Boyne Intermediate diploid PRG which can alternate between cutting and grazing. ✚ 12% AberWolf Intermediate diploid PRG
versatile mix. It has excellent sward density to help 86% of the mix is made up of PRG meaning the
✚ 15% AberWolf Intermediate diploid PRG ✚ 14% Seagoe Intermediate tetraploid PRG
carry stock and prevent poaching. Festulolium is quality of the forage is outstanding. It is designed to
included for rapid regrowth after each cut or graze ✚ 14% Seagoe Intermediate tetraploid PRG be extremely versatile between cutting and grazing ✚ 12% Pensel Intermediate tetraploid PRG
and will also provide forage in the dryer summer ✚ 15% Evocative Late diploid PRG and can cope with one or two big silage cuts with ✚ 10% Evocative Late diploid PRG
months. 30% of the mix is late PRG to maintain ✚ 15% AberGain Late tetraploid PRG quality grazing before and after if required. ✚ 11% AberAvon Late diploid PRG
silage quality and end of season grazing. ✚ 8% Dolina Timothy ✚ 11% AberGain Late tetraploid PRG
Timothy is included as it fills a summer gap
Timothy is included as it fills a summer gap ✚ 5% Dual Purpose White Clover Blend and thrives on the colder, wetter heavier soil ✚ 9% Dolina Timothy
and thrives on the colder, wetter heavier soil ✔ 20% Galway Small leaf white clover ER
V E R S I ON A types. A white clover blend is used for different ✚ 5% Dual Purpose White Clover Blend
types. A white clover blend is used for different management regimes and will increase the
V
V
✔ 30% Buddy Medium leaf white clover
AI
O
✔ 20% Galway Small leaf white clover V E R S I ON A
NO CL
L AB
ER
management regimes as well as increasing the ✔ 18% Violin Large leaf white clover palatability and protein levels of the sward,
LE
✔ 30% Buddy Medium leaf white clover
V
V
AI
O
NO CL
L AB
palatability and protein levels of the sward, whilst ✔ 20% Dublin Medium leaf white clover whilst also having the ability to fix nitrogen. ✔ 18% Violin Large leaf white clover
LE
also having the ability to fix nitrogen. ✔ 12% Brianna Very large leaf white clover ✔ 20% Dublin Medium leaf white clover
✚ 100% ✔ 12% Brianna Very large leaf white clover
✚ Packed in 20kg bags ✚ 100%
✚ Suggested sowing rate 13-15kg/acre ✚ Packed in 20kg bags
✚ Suggested sowing rate 13-16kg/acre
FIELD MASTER
FOUR TO SIX YEAR PLUS DUAL PURPOSE MIXTURE WITH EARLY BITE
Field Master is a versatile high yielding dual ✚ 15% Genesis Early diploid PRG
purpose ley which is made up of 85% PRG,
meaning the quality of the forage is outstanding.
✚ 10% Boyne Intermediate diploid PRG
✚ 10% AberWolf Intermediate diploid PRG
ORGANIC
It is designed for early grazing followed by a
cut of hay or one-two silage cuts then back end ✚ 18% Pensel Intermediate tetraploid PRG The required organic content of an organic grass
grazing. The high diploid content will mean the ✚ 12% Evocative Late diploid PRG mixture for 2021 will increase back up to 70%.
sward wilts down quicker for hay production. ✚ 10% AberAvon Late diploid PRG
The diploid content will also create a dense ✚ 10% AberGain Late tetraploid PRG Agrii can offer a full range of organic grass seed mixtures to
sward for persistency under grazing meaning
Field Master will last up to eight years with the
✚ 10% Dolina Timothy suit a wide range of management regimes. As well as organic
correct management. ✚ 5% Dual Purpose White Clover Blend
V E R S I ON A
grass mixtures we can also offer organic root seed options.
✔ 20% Galway Small leaf white clover ER
A slightly higher inclusion rate of Timothy is
V
V
✔ 30% Buddy Medium leaf white clover
AI
O
For more information about our organic offering,
NO CL
L AB
included as it fills a summer gap and thrives on the ✔ 18% Violin Large leaf white clover
LE
colder, wetter heavier soil types. A white clover
blend is used for different management regimes
✔ 20% Dublin Medium leaf white clover please call your local Agrii Agronomist or Seed Specialist.
✔ 12% Brianna Very large leaf white clover
and will increase the palatability and protein ✚ 100%
GUIDE TO GRASS AND ROOTS 2021
GUIDE TO GRASS AND ROOTS 2021
levels of the sward, whilst also having the ability
✚ Packed in 20kg bags
to fix nitrogen.
✚ Suggested sowing rate 13-15kg/acre
14 15
AGRII MIXTURES: LONG TERM
AGRII
MIXTURES
SWARD MASTER INTRODUCING
GRASS
SEVEN YEARS PLUS INTENSIVE GRAZING MIXTURE
Sward Master is a long term intensive grazing ✚ 12% AberWolf Intermediate diploid PRG
mixture which has the capability of producing a cut ✚ 12% Agaska Intermediate diploid PRG
of silage if required. It’s made up of mainly diploid
✚ 12% Pensel Intermediate tetraploid PRG
perennial ryegrass, which will create a dense
sward for persistency under intensive grazing. ✚ 19% Bowie Late diploid PRG Agrii’s Commitment to
Sustainable Food Production
✚ 19% AberAvon Late diploid PRG
The intermediate perennial ryegrass content will
produce early spring growth for an early bite ✚ 20% AberGain Late tetraploid PRG
whilst the late PRG will produce lush leafy grass ✚ 6% Grazing White Clover Blend V E R S I ON A In an increasingly uncertain world, Green Horizons represents a comprehensive
ER
for a lot longer into the growing season and will ✔ 40% Galway Small leaf white clover
V
V
package of practical measures to improve the economic, environmental and social
AI
O
NO CL
L AB
help to extend the grazing season. With the correct ✔ 60% Buddy Medium leaf white clover
resilience of UK food and farming, backed by the best scientific intelligence.
LE
management, Sward Master will last eight-nine ✚ 100%
years. Timothy is not included and 95% of the ✚ Packed in 20kg bags
mix is made up of PRG meaning quality grazing
✚ Suggested sowing rate 13-16kg/acre At the basis of Green Horizons is our Five Point Plan
is maintained throughout the grazing season.
A white clover grazing blend is used to withstand
intensive grazing and will also increase the
palatability and protein levels of the sward, whilst
also having the ability to fix nitrogen.
Increasing farm Providing Improving Enhancing the Extending
productivity and integrated whole soil resilience environment stakeholder
HILL MASTER viability farm solutions engagement
SEVEN YEAR PLUS PERMANENT WINTER HARDY EXTENSIVE GRAZING MIXTURE
Hill Master is a mixture that is designed to ✚ 10% Agaska Intermediate diploid PRG
withstand extensive permanent grazing by all ✚ 13% AberWolf Intermediate diploid PRG
types of livestock. The species within the mix will
✚ 15% Pensel Intermediate tetraploid PRG
create a resilient sward which offers outstanding
sward density and winter hardiness. ✚ 10% Evocative Late diploid PRG
✚ 10% AberAvon Late diploid PRG
It contains higher levels of Timothy and also
includes strong creeping red fescue to help ✚ 20% AberGain Late tetraploid PRG
maintain a thick sward, which will help to carry ✚ 10% Dolina Timothy
stock over the wetter winter months. ✚ 5% Maxima Creeping red fescue
V E R S I ON A
A slightly higher inclusion rate of a grazing white ✚ 7% Grazing White Clover Blend ER
V
V
AI
O
clover blend is used to withstand intensive grazing ✔ 40% Galway Small leaf white clover
NO CL
L AB
LE
and will also increase the palatability and protein ✔ 60% Buddy Medium leaf white clover
Over the course of 2021 we’ll be What can you expect to see as a result of Green Horizons?
levels of the sward, whilst also having the ability to ✚ 100% publishing an Insight Report that ✚ Annual innovation awards scheme ✚ Reduced input R&D challenge projects
fix nitrogen. ✚ Packed in 20kg bags will outline the progressively
✚ Fast-track bio-solutions screening ✚ Accredited environmental training
expanding programme of action
GUIDE TO GRASS AND ROOTS 2021
programme
✚ Suggested sowing rate 14-17kg/acre that we’re undertaking in each
✚ Extended enterprise benchmarking
✚ Advanced soil health assessment regime ✚ A Green Horizons Farmer Network
of these five areas. ✚ Net Zero carbon demonstration iFarms
and knowledge exchange
Download Green Horizons,
watch the video and keep up to date
at www.agrii.co.uk/greenhorizons www.agrii.co.uk
16
OVERSEEDING: TOP TIPS OVERSEEDING MIXTURES
OVERSEEDING
OVERSEEDING
MIXTURES
Overseeding into an existing old or damaged pasture can be an ST OVER MASTER – NO CLOVER
effective and efficient way to introduce new modern ryegrasses into
GRASS
GRASS
SHORT TERM OVERSEEDING MIXTURE
a sward without the cost of a full reseed.
This mix will last one-two years. Using 100% IRG ✚ 5.00kg Kigezi Tetraploid IRG
Increased yields and quality can be achieved without ploughing and there will also be less
& HRG tetraploid ryegrasses, means it will be ✚ 5.00kg AberEcho Tetraploid HRG
time out of production. The benefits are increased DM yields, increased D values and higher
the most vigorous overseeding mix, which will
crude protein, ME and sugar levels of the forage. It will also improve the disease resistance ✚ 10.00kg bag
increase both yield and quality.
and ground cover of the sward. ✚ Suggested seed rate 10kg/acre
There are many factors that could make overseeding unsuccessful and timing is important.
The best time to overseed is March, April, July or September as the grasses are not growing as
vigorously as they are in May and June. MT OVER MASTER – PLUS CLOVER
MEDIUM TERM OVERSEEDING MIXTURE
Lasting three-four years, this mix will rejuvenate ✚ 3.50kg Lofa Advanced hybrid Festulolium
OVERSEEDING OVERSEEDING existing pastures to increase yields and improve
quality. The inclusion of Festulolium will also mean
✚ 2.00kg AberEcho Tetraploid HRG
– USING HARROWS – USING DIRECT DRILLS/ it will cope on the lighter drier soil types.
✚ 3.50kg Seagoe Intermediate tetraploid PRG
✚ 1.00kg Dual Purpose white clover blend
1 Soil sample to assess the pH and nutrient SLOT SEEDERS Clover is included to increase protein levels and fix ✔ 20% Galway Small leaf white clover
status of the soil and address any nitrogen within the soil. ✔ 30% Buddy Medium leaf white clover
deficiencies. 1 Soil sample to assess the pH and nutrient
V E R S I ON A
✔ 18% Violin Large leaf white clover
status of the soil and address any ER
✔ 20% Dublin Medium leaf white clover
ABERECHO INCREASED
V
V
AI
O
deficiencies.
2
NO CL
Remove any excess cover by grazing hard
L AB
✔ 12% Brianna Very large leaf white clover
TO 3.00KG
LE
or cutting.
2 Remove any excess cover by grazing hard ✚ 10.00kg bag
or cutting. ✚ Suggested seed rate 10kg/acre
3 Harrow, ideally with two or three passes if
a real thick mat. This will help to remove
all the dead feggy grass and weed 3 Direct drill two ways to get better ground
cover and don’t drill any deeper than 1cm.
grasses and help to create an open sward
for maximum seed to soil contact. 4 Roll, with ideally a set of Cambridge rolls to LT OVER MASTER – PLUS CLOVER
make sure the slot is closed or it can dry out LONG TERM OVERSEEDING MIXTURE
4 Apply seed using Einbock harrows or use very quickly or get waterlogged. Rolling
a fertiliser spinner. will also ensure maximum seed to soil The use of Intermediate and late PRG means ✚ 3.00kg AberClyde Intermediate tetraploid
contact as will putting the stock back in to this mix will last five years plus. Introducing
5 Roll, with ideally a set of Cambridge rolls
tread the seed in for 5-7 days. Remember new modern PRG to existing pastures will mean
✚ 3.50kg AberGain Late tetraploid PRG
to get maximum seed to soil contact or put ✚ 2.50kg Calao Late tetraploid PRG
to take the stock out so they don’t graze out that the overall yield, quality and D values are
stock back in to tread the seed in for 5-7 ✚ 1.00kg AberPasture white clover blend
the new seedlings. improved compared to the existing ley.
days. Remember to take the stock out so ✔ 25% AberSwan Medium leaf white clover
they don’t graze out the new seedlings. A clover blend is used to suit different management
5 Do not spread nitrogen fertiliser until new
regimes and will also increase protein levels and
✔ 25% AberHerald Medium leaf white clover
✔ 20% AberDai Medium leaf white clover
seeds are well established.
6 Do not spread nitrogen fertiliser until new fix nitrogen within the soil. ✔ 15% AberPearl Medium/large leaf white clover
seeds are well established.
6 Simulate grazing once established, pull
ER
V E R S I ON A
✔ 10% AberLasting Small leaf white clover
✔ 5% AberAce Small leaf white clover
at the grass blades with your thumb and
7 Simulate grazing once established, pull ABERGAIN INCREASED
V
V
AI
O
NO CL
L AB
finger. If the root system is pulled out then TO 4.50KG ✚ 10.00kg bag
at the grass blades with your thumb and
LE
finger. If the root system is pulled out then the plant is not ready to be grazed. If the ✚ Suggested seed rate 10kg/acre
GUIDE TO GRASS AND ROOTS 2021
GUIDE TO GRASS AND ROOTS 2021
the plant is not ready to be grazed. If the roots stay in the ground and the grass
roots stay in the ground and the grass blades rip off then you are ready to start
blades rip off then you are ready to start light grazing, this could be in around
light grazing, this could be in around 6-7 weeks from overseeding.
6-7 weeks from overseeding.
18 19GRASSLAND NUTRITION
GRASSLAND GRASSLAND
NUTRITION NUTRITION
Grass breeding programmes have developed significantly in recent Sulphur is now of major importance as a nutrient,
SELENIUM LEVELS IN FORAGE
due to a reduction in atmospheric deposition.
GRASS
GRASS
years with major improvements in yield and quality. However, Sulphur is the building block of protein, helping
0.4
if the soil nutrition and pH are not right then these improvements to improve growth and development. Trial work
(mg Se per kg DM)
won’t be recognised. where sulphur is added shows increased DM
Forage Selenium
yield, ME and protein with reductions in nitrate 0.3
Optimum pH levels of between 6-6.5 for grass As a rule, spring applications of phosphate leaching. It not only aids the uptake of nitrogen
ensures that nutrient availability is maximised. when crop demand is greatest will give the best but also improves palatability. 0.2
Getting the basics right is fundamental to efficient results. Products such as P-Reserve and Release Contact your local Agrii Agronomist to help
production. Regular soil sampling on a three- are especially useful when trying to improve 0.1
establish the nutrient status of the soil and any
four yearly basis will not only ensure a good P availability. P-Reserve can be applied to organic manure inputs. A Nutrient Management
understanding of soil nutrient status but also cost of phosphate fertilisers to protect phosphate from lock 0
Plan can then be generated to optimise
production. To gain a full understanding of nutrient up, Release can be applied to the soil to free up Target Level UK Average Seleni-Grass
production levels by fulfilling the requirement
availability, Agrii recommends a broad-spectrum soil phosphate bonded in soils. of the crop with the correct fertiliser.
analysis. Agrii can also provide analysis of forage to
Release also suits soils that are naturally high in
help understand any nutritional imbalances.
P. Potassium is probably the most important
Nitrogen is the major nutrient required in the element when it comes to producing quality
greatest quantity and the driver of yield. As a rule forage, it’s involved in a number of functions within OPTIMUM pH FOR AVAILABILITY OF NUTRIENTS
of thumb, grass will typically utilise 2.5kg N/ha/day the plant, including protein production and the
to optimise yield and quality. transport of nutrients, and if deficient will result in
NITROGEN
the plant being more susceptible to stress.
Phosphorus is important in the development of PHOSPHORUS
roots and for plant tiller survival, and if short will In grazing systems where most of the potash POTASSIUM
result in plants being susceptible to drought, with ingested is returned to the soil, the demand is SULPHUR
stunted growth resulting in later maturing crops. low, however in cutting systems with high levels CALCIUM
A shortage of phosphate will impact the uptake of of offtake, the demand is higher dependent on the MAGNESIUM
nitrogen and also due to its immobility, a deficiency intensity of the system. IRON
cannot be rectified quickly. MANGANESE
BORON
4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0
Agrii has a wide range of products designed to improve nutrient use efficiency
Acid Neutral Alkaline
and lower carbon footprints compared to standard fertilisers.
We can formulate fertilisers specific to individual requirements and have a -9% YIELD
range of fertilisers that are targeted towards animal health, containing elements Figure 2: Graph showing the optimum pH for availability of various nutrients
such as Selenium.
GUIDE TO GRASS AND ROOTS 2021
GUIDE TO GRASS AND ROOTS 2021
GRASSLAND FERTILISER FOR BETTER ANIMAL HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE
SweetGrass is a high-N grassland fertiliser specifically designed to increase
sward palatability and maximise milk and meat production from grass for
optimum economic returns. For more info visit: www.agrii.co.uk/Sweet-Grass
20 21Unlock your RESEED Rich in
calcium,
sulphur
soil’s potential Efficient and effective phosphate fertiliser
and trace
elements
FERTILISERS
Incorrect soil pH can lock up nutrients, making them unavailable to the crop, even though
sufficient quantities are present in the soil. Adjusting your soil pH can help to unlock the
• A natural source of sustained
potential of your soils, and allow you to do more with what is already there – reducing the
need for additional inputs, and allowing a more targeted approach with what you do apply. release phosphate
• Suitable for all crop types,
Why Lime? LIME FOR
LIVESTOCK LEYS
including organic
• Available as straight P or NPK
✚ Improved fertiliser utilisation
Liming pastures can and PK compounds
✚ Improved soil structure
lead to more palatable
✚ Acid-favouring weed prevention and nutritious grasses.
✚ Disease prevention The raised pH will
✚ Higher yields encourage grasses
✚ Inhibits transposition and such as perennial
movement of heavy metals ryegrass and clovers
whilst replacing
✚ Increased microbial activity
low calcium content
grasses such as Grass establishment trial
% of fertiliser utilised % of total Cost of Meadow Foxtail, A trial on grass establishment looked at plant
fertiliser unutilised Agrostis and other numbers and yields from GAFSA fertiliser
Soil
Nitrogen Phosphate Potash wasted fertiliser weed grasses.
acidity compared to standard practice.
pH 5.0 53% 34% 52% 51% £132/ha It is also important to The field in Blairgowrie had a pH of 6.2,
note that the necessary high phosphate and low potash levels.
pH 5.5 77% 48% 77% 29% £75/ha micro-organisms on
clover roots, required Establishment: Root mass Establishment: Fresh weight yield
pH 6.0 89% 52% 100% 16% £42/ha to fix nitrogen, will die
in acidic conditions
pH 7.0 100% 100% 100% 0% £0/ha so a high pH must
Source for ‘% of fertiliser utilised’ figures – ALA be maintained.
Are you optimising your fertiliser utilisation?
An acidic soil could mean you are wasting between 16%
and 51% of your applied fertiliser. This translates to a cost of
£42/ha-£132/ha of unutilised fertiliser.
(Based on 220kgN, 80kgP, 80kgK per Ha. November 2019 pricing.)
Contact your local Agrii R&T Representative
Standard fertiliser GAFSA Standard fertiliser GAFSA
to protect your profit!
• GAFSA Reseed increased root mass by 31% – developing roots quickly with speedier
establishment for optimum yield
• GAFSA Reseed increased fresh weight yield by 35% – giving grass seeds the best start
Talk to us about prescription nutrition
Email: r&tliming@agrii.co.uk
T: 03333 239 230 E: enquiries@originfertilisers.co.uk www.originfertilisers.co.uk @originfert
Telephone: 01487 823 888 www.agrii.co.ukKeep in the know
AGRII corteva.co.uk/signup
MIXTURES
We’re helping
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their homegrown
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sustainable and
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Our people, knowledge and
expertise are on hand to help
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Discover more by talking to your
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Technical Hotline: 0800 689 8899 E-mail: ukhotline@corteva.com
USE PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS SAFELY. Always read the label and product information before use.
For further information including warning phrases and symbols refer to label.
Corteva Agriscience, CPC2 Capital Park, Fulbourn, Cambridge CB21 5XE. Tel: 01462 457272.
®
™ Trademarks of Corteva Agriscience and its affiliated companies. Pioneer® brand products are provided subject to the terms
and conditions of purchase which are part of the labelling and purchase documents. © 2020 Corteva.GRASSLAND GRASSLAND
WEED
CONTROL GRASSLAND WEED CONTROL WEED
CONTROL
Grass is the biggest crop in the UK, some 4.5 million hectares are BROADLEAVED DOCKS
GRASS
GRASS
claimed for under the BPS scheme in England compared to circa and curled docks can produce over 25,000 seeds
per plant and they can survive in soil for well
2.7 million hectares of cereals, that’s without figures from Wales over 20 years. They have 65% of the feed value
and Scotland. of grass and it is estimated that there can be
12.5 million seeds in the top 15cm of permanent
This area includes grass in all its forms, from all of these grass crops will have in common is pasture. They love fertile intensively managed
old permanent pastures to high yielding Italian that just like any crop, they can and do suffer from grassland and a 10% dock problem can lead to a
ryegrass leys, and everything in between. The weed competition, leading to a reduction in yield 10% yield reduction.
crops will all have different end uses; dairy, beef, and quality.
sheep, pretty much anything with four legs and a Docks like open swards, so don’t overgraze or
Always remember the effort and time taken to let the grass get poached. Improving fertility
rumen, (and of course horses!) and not forgetting
establish and maintain a grass ley can be the same won’t help as docks like fertile pasture. Topping
more recently, forage for digesters and other
in terms of fixed cost input whether the crop is poor, also won’t work, as they have a large tap root
industrial uses.
average or good and assuming that all the other and seeds will keep germinating. Luckily
It can also be utilised in a number of ways factors like pH, drainage, fertility, nutrition and chemical control can work well. Products such
including, grazing, being made into silage, correct varieties used are under control, why would as “Pivotal,” or “Forefront T” where clover isn’t
haylage, hay or zero grazed. The one thing that you want weeds to be the limiting factor on yield? part of the sward, or alternatively hormone based
products such as “Thrust” or “Pasturemaster” THISTLES
with the addition of fluroxypyr will give good are another major grassland weed. Creeping
control of small weeds and control aerial growth thistle is a perennial and another major grassland
A few things that may be As growers, we are legally bound on established weeds. Timing and application weed. They can typically produce over 1,000 seeds
methods are critical. per plant, which can remain viable for over
less obvious but nonetheless to try to control injurious weeds 5 years. The root fragments can also remain viable
under the 1959 Weeds Act. If clover is a major part of the sward the product
important, include: choice is limited and becoming worse as
for several years. In its first year, the root system
can cover 5m2 and the second year up to 80m2.
✚ Toxicity – we all know that ragwort can kill, If we don’t control weeds the seed chemistry is being revoked. We currently have
Squire Ultra as a clover safe (but not red clover) Spear thistle however, is a biennial plant and
but several weeds can be a stomach irritant,
return can be huge: alternative for docks. grows from seed which then flowers in the second
chickweed and buttercups being examples.
year. It has a 70cm tap root and can produce
✚ Docks reduce quality and energy content in
silage as well as yield.
1 YEAR’S WEED Looking forward there are products in
development that are clover safe, but we’re
around 100 seeds per seed head. These seeds can
remain viable for 3 years and seed can be blown
✚ Buttercups cause dermatitis in horses and = 7 YEARS SEED unlikely to see these until 2022. up to 30m. Animals won’t graze close to thistles,
thistles encourage the spread of Orf in sheep. and work suggests that one plant removes 0.5m2
from the grazing area.
Thistles tend to thrive in areas where nutrition is
poor and overgrazing occurs, so in this situation
looking at soil status can lead to improvements.
Topping can help but won’t work on its own.
It can even up the growth stage of the weeds and
stimulate another flush ready to spray. A good
grass crop will help, thistles don’t like competition.
Look at fertility, take a soil test and apply the
appropriate nutrition. Herbicide control can be very
GUIDE TO GRASS AND ROOTS 2021
successful with products like “Prevail” working well,
GUIDE TO GRASS AND ROOTS 2021
or mixtures like “Thrust” with fluroxypyr.
As always, timing and method of application is
critical. These mixtures are only suitable where
clover is not an important part of the sward.
Photo courtesy of Nufarm
26 27GRASSLAND GRASSLAND
WEED
CONTROL GRASSLAND WEED CONTROL GRASSLAND WEED CONTROL: WEED
CONTROL
Common Nettle propagates from the roots and chopping them up
TOP TIPS
GRASS
GRASS
will make the problem worse. They can grow up to 1 metre tall
and as with docks they reduce yield and quality of the grass and Assuming that you’ve remedied the cultural issues that may be
COMMON
NETTLE
can reduce the grazed areas like thistles. They will germinate
if the sward is open through poaching or overgrazing, or if the a problem; drainage, pH and nutrition, and you now want to
soil is disturbed. Topping can help as it reduces the vigour so
that spraying can be more effective. Treat pre-flowering with apply a herbicide, here are a few tips to help you get the best
herbicides such as “Blaster pro” for patches in a knapsack sprayer
and “Forefront T “for overall application, or one of the previously from the treatment.
mentioned mixes. Remember, they’re not clover safe.
Creeping Buttercup propagates from root stolons and seeds. It is a
BUTTERCUP
R G RASS M
CREEPING
perennial plant that likes bare ground, and generally poor, acidic
Chemical options are VE If you are reseeding
soil. Livestock don’t like it due to its acrid taste and it can also cause O
IX
stomach irritation. To help control against creeping buttercup,
CL
becoming limited and clover is an
TU
check the soil pH and lime accordingly. Improving soil structure
NO
now compared to in essential part of the
RE
and drainage will also help and herbicides such as” Leystar” or
“Forefront T” or mixtures of 2,4D MCPA like “PastureMaster” will be the past. Product ley and weeds are
the most effective, however these are not clover safe. stewardship is very a problem, consider
important, so make sure a no clover grass
you take care with what mixture. Control
Dandelion is a perennial plant with a deep tap root producing up you’re applying and when. the weeds with the
to 200 seeds per flower per year which are efficiently spread by
the wind. Dandelion is often associated with lower fertility sites Avoid drift and spraying near watercourses. appropriate herbicide and
and where swards are regularly overgrazed or constantly grazed One of the reasons “old” products like over sow the clover at a later date.
very tightly. Growers should try to ensure the grass has adequate
recovery time by moving animals regularly, ensure the sward has Mecoprop are no longer recommended on
DANDELION
appropriate nitrogen and sulphur and are advised to take routine agricultural grassland is because of the
soil samples to ensure pH and soil nutrient levels for grass growth levels found in watercourses.
are maintained. Younger grass tends to be more vigorous and If you are in a hard
responsive to nitrogen than permanent pasture and is therefore Revocations and product labels are
more competitive with faster recovery times. It is for this reason
water area, consider
that reseeding or overseeding can be effective against dandelion. constantly changing, and it can be difficult to the use of a water
Poorly drained sites can also favour dandelion so remedial work to stay legal so speak to your Agrii Agronomist conditioner such
ditches and soil structure should be undertaken where necessary. for advice. Make sure you spray at the right
Herbicides such as “Sickle” can be effective in reducing dandelion as H2Opti to add to
numbers, but it is critical to apply before flowering. Target mid-April growth stage, this is when the weeds are the tank prior to the
once soils reach 10°C at 10cm but applications should be avoided growing fast, usually before flowering in herbicide. Hard water
around periods of frost. Be aware that “Sickle” is unsafe to clover
and will severely reduce populations within the sward.
warm “growy” conditions. Check the label has a high concentration of
or speak to your Agrii Agronomist for advice. minerals, usually calcium and
Observe grazing and cutting intervals, as magnesium. These are positively charged,
Ragwort is a biennial plant that grows as a rosette in the first year,
they can all be different – ranging from and many pesticides are attracted to them
then flowers in the second year. It can grow up to a metre tall. 7-28 days depending upon product. and become locked up, consequently they
If the crown becomes damaged, then it may flower every year. are not available in the spray solution.
The plant is poisonous at any stage and is extremely unpalatable Use the correct rate of product and apply in
RAGWORT
when the plant is alive. Stock will eat it as it dies or wilts, hence the an appropriate amount of water, 100 l/ha isn’t Adding a water conditioner to the tank first
reason for keeping any stock out of pasture that has been treated
until the plants are completely dead and rotted. It can also be a enough on a thick mass of weeds, a minimum prevents this happening, and you end up
problem to stock when dry in bales or ensiled. Overgrazing and of 200 l/ha or more is better. Spray the applying all the herbicide you intended to.
poaching, particularly on heavy land can make it worse. Topping target! If the weeds are 15cm tall, the boom
is allowed but not a good option as it assists persistency of the We can test your water, please speak to
ragwort. Hand pulling is effective but very labour intensive and should be 50cm above them or 65cm from
your Agrii Agronomist for more information.
you need to wear appropriate PPE. Herbicides such as “Forefront the ground to ensure proper coverage.
T”, “Pasturemaster”, or “Thrust”, are also effective but ensure that
GUIDE TO GRASS AND ROOTS 2021
GUIDE TO GRASS AND ROOTS 2021
Use the correct nozzle, flat fans are fine,
the above safety measures are taken before stock is allowed back
in the field. Remember these herbicides are not clover safe. but not if they’re worn out.
Chickweed is an annual and propagated by seed. It will grow
slowly at low temperatures and the tops normally die back in
CHICKWEED
winter, but roots remain healthy. A big problem in autumn reseeds Before applying any herbicides and pesticides mentioned in the grassland weed control section of this
and undersown cereals. It grows aggressively, competing strongly
for light, water and nutrients during the establishment phase, so brochure, always consult your agronomist to make sure it’s the right product for the weeds identified
can be very competitive in reseeds. To help control chickweed and to keep the original sown species in your grass sward if required.
it can be grazed early, but make sure the grass is rooted firmly
enough and do the “pull test” so you don’t graze out the young
seedlings. Herbicides applied early such as ”Leystar” or fluroxypyr
will give good control but remember they are not clover safe. ALWAYS READ THE LABEL. ALWAYS USE HERBICIDES AND PESTICIDES SAFELY.
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