FU.SE MILANO 2019 13-14 FEBRUARY 2019 - The Adecco Group
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KEY STATISTICS 183 participants and facilitators engaged –– C-level Participants from 16 countries –– 23 CEOs –– 14 institutional leaders –– 5 start-up founders More than 80 concrete ideas for action generated throughout both days 48 sessions held during FU.SE –– 24 action-oriented break-out sessions and Action Cafés –– 12 inspiring plenaries –– 12 reflective dinners 150 personal commitments made at the end of day two | 5
PREFACE Today, we hear much talk about robots In this new world of work, which aspects of and co-bots, outsourcing and in-sourcing, a renewed social contract are most critical? re-skilling and up-skilling, pink-collar work- How can we protect workforces globally ers and the care economy. But amid all the in an age of increasing mobility? The red noise about the future of work, what is ac- thread linking these many topics is the way tually being done on the ground to change people will ultimately be affected by these models, norms and behaviours? Who is, changes. From this broad array of issues, and who should be, taking action? we will select two or three to take forward over the coming year as a continuation of From February 13 to 14 2019 in Milan, a the discussions that took place in Milan. group of leaders gathered for an unprec- edented forum held not to merely reflect FU.SE is also a way of interacting to drive on and exchange ideas, but also to define co-creation. In Milan, participants were tak- actions that might challenge established en on an intense two-day journey, shaped thinking and shape the future of work. The by an agenda that mixed formats and group included more than 150 C-level busi- styles to provide a taste of the new types ness executives, heads of governmental of interaction we aim to use. This involved and non-governmental institutions, media a mixture of a few inspiring plenaries to leaders, entrepreneurs – young and old. set the scene, break-out sessions aimed at generating ideas for solutions, reflective This convening was the first summit of the Jeffersonian Dinners and Actions Cafés for Future Series (FU.SE) platform, which was testing concepts. launched in Davos by the Adecco Group, Boston Consulting Group and Microsoft, To fuel the discussions, we also featured with the aim of putting ideas for the future an exhibition of new technologies that are of work into action. Other founding mem- being applied to talent and skills develop- bers include Zurich Insurance, ABB and ment and that are shaping the workplace LinkedIn, as well as institutional partners of tomorrow. From virtual reality to robot such as the International Labour Organi- baristas, the technologies gave participants zation (ILO) and the Organisation for Eco- a glimpse of what the future may hold. nomic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Forbes is the official media part- FU.SE is not a standalone event; it is a plat- ner, and Landor and TH_NK are the brand- form, a community and a movement. Build- ing and digital partners, respectively. This ing on the learnings from Milan, we will con- is not just an event, not just a consortium. tinue to refine this model through a series This is the beginning of a movement. of regional events over the coming year, leading to the next FU.SE summit in 2020 The FU.SE agenda in Milan covered a va- and beyond. riety of topics that will shape the nature of tomorrow’s workplaces. For example, Through FU.SE, leaders from business, gov- how can we use artificial intelligence (AI) ernment, academia and civil society will not as a means of making humans re- have a platform through which to co-cre- dundant but as a way of opening up new ate solutions and drive action to make the opportunities for employees to become future work for everyone. more efficient and to develop skills that will enable them to work with technology? 6 |
THEMES & INSIGHTS One of the most important objectives of Humans are responsible for FU.SE is to fuel co-creation by providing designing technologies in participants with cutting-edge insights on different topics within the future of work, line with ethical principles featuring prominent leaders in their re- The discussions at FU.SE Milan made clear spective fields of expertise. By emphasiz- that humans are no longer the sole pos- ing the urgent need to take action and by sessors of skills such as vision, analysis, raising burning questions that can be tak- decision-making, language and learning. en beyond Milan, we can shape co-creation Recognition of this has, in recent years, led on the FU.SE platform. to increased fears about the impact of AI on the economy and work, and questions of whether technology will destroy jobs or create new ones, and in what proportion. As seen throughout the Milan event, the need to keep people at the centre of the tech de- bate is a recurrent theme, to which there are no easy answers. It raises questions about ethics and morality in developing artificially-intelligent technologies. In addi- tion, it calls into question jobs and profes- sions that will cease to exist and how that will change lives and livelihoods. The anchor themes discussed at FU.SE in Milan were: –– The ethics and morality of AI-driven technologies –– The possible futures of the professions –– The elements of a renewed social contract –– The delivery of lifelong learning | 7
The FU.SE discussion challenged the as- pay attention to ethical issues, to avoid the sumptions often heard in the mainstream. human bias that can be built or trained Many people fear robots supplanting car- into seemingly neutral tools. As with every ing human beings, of dependence and technological advance, it is critical that replacement, But speakers at FU.SE re- humans reflect upon the risks and benefits flected on the fact that, both at work and of the impact new technologies will have on at home, people experience a world where people’s lives. technology is actually amplifying human ingenuity. The rapid evolution of technolo- gies that are impacting every industry and sector means that future occupations will require different digital skills, ranging from basic data literacy in jobs that today may be purely manual, to advanced computer sci- ence in others. Industry leaders emphasized that this will be wide-spread, not focused on a particular collar colour. Most jobs will be affected by technological change, giving rise to an urgent need for up-skilling and re-skilling at a higher rate than the current education and training systems can deliver. Moreover, with a scarcity of talent, organi- sational leaders must invest significantly more in the training and skilling of their current workforce to prepare them for this change, rather than assuming that there will be a constant stream of new recruits. As the spread of AI-driven technologies may increase the speed and efficiency of work, their rise also increases the need to To harness the improvements that AI-ena- bled technology can make to people’s lives, we must ensure that they are in line with human moral principles and governed by our ethical values. Across all of the AI sessions, industry lead- ers stressed the urgent need to ensure that AI-driven technologies are designed and deployed in a manner that ensures they will earn users’ trust and that protects the indi- viduals whose data is being collected and whose lives are being affected. Computers are now able to make decisions that through- out human history have al- ways been made by people. - Brad Smith, President of Microsoft - 8 |
Two possible futures of the newly required skills and capabilities to tra- professions ditional professionals, they do not recog- nise them as part of their jobs today. What will the future of professions look like? Will we still have lawyers, doctors and A key concept with which participants consultants? The answer is (at least partly) grappled was the understanding that job yes, but they will work in a different way. level is actually an inadequate means of as- Discussions during FU.SE Milan presented sessing the implications of technology on two possible futures of the professions: the future of work. The real change hap- pens at the level below. Experts at FU.SE The first is that technology will enable Milan revealed that only 5% of jobs are more efficient ways of working than are composed of tasks that can be 100% auto- available today. The topic experts posited mated. When consider work just at the to- that professionals will use technology to tal level, the important difference between execute their work more effectively and jobs and tasks often gets lost. more easily. Examples of this future already exist, for example, in the way doctors now use technology to conduct teleconsulta- tions for patients. One of the unhelpful things we do is when talking about the future of work, we talk about jobs. We get trapped in the way of thinking that the only way technology could change and affect the work we do is by destroying the entire job. - Daniel Susskind, Fellow and Economist, Balliol College, Oxford University - The second and perhaps more troubling proposition is that technology could be re- sponsible for displacing professionals from their jobs. During the sessions, participants explored the idea that in the medium term, these two futures will develop in parallel and that the second may well dominate in the long term. However, discussions at FU.SE Milan emphasized that both futures call for changing and upgrading the skills and capabilities of every professional. The chal- lenge we see is that, when showing those | 9
A new social contract must In a fireside chat between Guy Ryder and ensure a basic level of pro- Alain Dehaze, the two discussed the inter- play between work and society; that work tection, stability and social is part of society, not something separate justice or in opposition. A new social contract One of the most critical messages to must address this relationship, and pro- emerge during the event was that the vide concrete solutions to the challenges current system and institutions are inad- we are facing today in order to create equate for the future of work. The chal- a better future workplace. We need to di- lenges presented by the changes taking rectly address issues that are often ignored, place in the world of work can only be for example, the future of job informality. met if business leaders, policymakers, re- The fact that 60% of people from rural ar- searchers, academics, civil society leaders, eas pursue informal occupations, provides and individuals work together, support- ample evidence that a core element of a ed by a new social contract. What actions renewed social contract must address the do we need to take to move from a gen- support of informal workers. This will re- eral agreement on people’s needs to the quire changes to the definitions and forms creation and implementation of this new of employment, which will in turn drive contract? adaptation among the institutions that govern work. An important part of the agenda at the FU.SE summit was the introduction of the findings of the ILO’s Global Commission on the Future of Work, led by Guy Ryder, Di- rector General of the ILO. Among the key speakers at FU.SE Milan who served on this commission, were Alain Dehaze, CEO of the Adecco Group, and Philip Jennings, General To get the future of work we Secretary emeritus of UNI Global Union. The want, we need a human-cen- Global Commission on the Future of Work tred agenda that invests in has produced an independent report on people – in their learning, how to achieve a future of work that provides decent and sustainable opportunities for all. in their protection and in a renewed social contract for the 21st century. We must re-engineer our systems and . strategies so that we pro-ac- tively shape a future of work that is stable and equitable for all. - Guy Ryder, Director General, International Labour Office - The ILO report stresses that these ele- ments are not yet given. There is a strong need to drive actions and policies to ensure that reforms benefit people, providing the social license to operate, which is a precon- dition of sustainable growth. FU.SE Milan underlined the importance of understand- ing that the future of work will not, contra- ry to common opinion, be driven autono- mously by technology but by humans and their ideas about how work should evolve to serve people. 10 |
Life-long learning must be FU.SE Milan highlighted the fact that life- a top investment priority for long learning will be critical in enabling workers to adapt to the multiple transitions the public and private sectors they will experience in the changing world We hear again and again that today’s em- of work. However, this key enabler will only ployees will go through multiple career be effective if governments and compa- transitions, driven by economic, techno- nies invest sufficiently in the tools and pol- logical and social changes and the evolu- icies needed to support life-long learning. tion of the nature of work. What does this mean in practicality? Country leaders said that this would require not only extensive re-skilling and up-skilling, but a funda- mentally different approach to profession- al development and career path planning. This is why life-long learning, is a top priority for the ILO’s Global Commission on the Future of Work (it calls for “a univer- sal entitlement to life-long learning and the establishment of an effective life-long learning system”). Despite the general agreement on its im- portance, life-long learning is currently only an aspiration in many countries. It is time to rethink how it is delivered and by whom. Life-long learning requires a holistic, mul- ti-stakeholder approach, with a strong role to be played by the business sector. Many point to Singapore as an example of best practice, since life-long learning is well established in both Singaporean policy and practice. What can we learn about con- crete actions that governments can take? Singapore’s Minister of State, Zaqi Mohamad, stressed that life-long learning is a policy responsibility. Governments need to think strategically and to subsidize the retrain- ing and up-skilling of their workforce based on industry needs and talent seg- Singapore is a small island ments. This will require substantial finan- with very few natural re- cial investments. But these are likely to sources. The whole economy pay off in the future, since they will result in a workforce that is able to adapt to new is powered by people, just technologies and changes in the nature of like the majority of compa- work. The minister emphasized that in Sin- nies. If you really believe that gapore the government pays citizens $500 the human-resource is your each so that they can undertake a train- ing of their choice that will enable them ultimate asset, it certainly to acquire skills in a new field. This self- requires a significant invest- driven, personalised approach is one way ment in life-long learning. to engage employees directly. And accord- - Zaqi Mohamad, Minister of State, Ministry ing to the recent study on skilling, workers of National Development and Ministry of at all levels are less fearful of change than is Manpower, Singapore - often portrayed and are deeply interested in their own advancement. | 11
TECH EXHIBITION Allowing participants to ex- engaging and grounded in behaviour-based perience the future directly assessments. During FU.SE Milan, Arctic Shores, which designs gamified psychomet- The best way to understand the future, ric assessments, introduced participants to and all its challenges and opportunities, is a new way of recruiting top talent through to experience it at first hand. This is what its data-driven technology. This technology FU.SE Milan offered participants. Through offers a more positive experience for both an immersive tech exhibition with interac- candidates and firms by reducing subjective tive showcases by both leading technology biases as well as time and cost to hire. companies and disruptive start-ups, partici- pants were able to get a close look at a wide In addition, companies such as Adia, Yoss, range of the technologies that are likely to Wonderkind, LinkedIn, UiPath, Penna and change the way we work in the short, medi- Workonomix presented a range of immer- um and long term. sive technologies that could dramatically change the way we work. The Future of Industry: One highlight of the tech exhibition was ABB’s YuMi, a collabora- tive robot. YuMi has the potential to usher in a new era of human-machine collaboration by combining the human ability to adapt to change with a robot’s ability to undertake precise, repetitive tasks continuously over long periods of time. Because FU.SE took place in Italy, known for its excellent coffee, the ABB robotic barista served FU.SE par- ticipants exquisite espresso. Future of Learning: Uptale, which has de- veloped an immersive learning solution, in- troduced an innovative way of up-skilling workers through virtual reality and on-the- job learning. Uptale’s solution highlights the fact that passive learning and memoriza- tion is outdated and that tomorrow’s work- force needs an active form of training that is based on practical experience. With the help of the company’s virtual reality technology, participants were able to experience differ- ent scenarios (from manufacturing and re- tail to soft skills) and find out how easy it can be to create and share immersive learning experiences. Future of Recruiting: Today’s recruitment ap- proaches are experience-based and can be biased. Future recruitment practices may be 12 |
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COLLABORATION Collaborative breakout sessions are a core leaders have the mind-set needed to adopt element of the FU.SE model, as they ena- the necessary new working models. Moreo- ble leaders from different industries and ver, participants agreed that the practice of sectors to work together on framing the mindfulness could go a long way towards key issues and starting to create solutions. cultivating a willingness to take risks, exper- In the break-out sessions, participants had iment, collaborate and share knowledge. the opportunity to iterate the themes and insights from the plenaries and generate Another insightful session during FU.SE ideas for real action. The break-outs were Milan explored the use of digitalization in loosely grouped around three themes: re- engaging and empowering employees in sponding to technological change, society the workplaces of the future. Industry lead- and leadership, and learning and training. ers stressed the fact that while technolo- gy-driven transformation of the workforce is what executives, managers and employ- How should we respond to ees are most worried about, it is the thing technological changes dis- they are least prepared for. rupting tomorrow’s work- places? Technological disruption will not only be seen in automation or digitalization. Technology will have far-reaching effects on the make-up of the workforce and will have implications for diversity and inclu- sion, the way companies retain and devel- op talent, and what the employee of the future will expect of a company. During a number of breakout sessions fo- cusing on the effects of AI on models of work, FU.SE Milan participants discussed intelligent applications that might have a positive impact on companies. For exam- ple, participants identified a promising ap- plication of AI to childcare, in which robots would take on routine administrative work, giving parents more high-quality time to spend with their children. However, while this could contribute to social and eco- nomic goals, it also raises conflicts regard- ing trust in robots to shape the care-taking and education of children. Participants pointed to three key barriers to technology adoption: technical, or “hard” Participants concluded that a key barrier barriers (such as lack of infrastructure), cul- to the development of promising AI appli- tural barriers (such as lack of transparency, cations is the fact that few employees and limited feedback and low levels of collabora- 16 |
tion) and a general resistance to change. Of Participants reiterated that diversity and in- these, participants agreed that cultural bar- clusion is not an end in itself, but rather a tool riers were the most important to overcome. to drive effectiveness. As such, many of the qualitative assessments around the topic of Although many people already use tech- diversity make its application and impact nology extensively in their daily lives, this hard to measure, and therefore difficult to does not yet extend into the corporate en- justify in terms of investment. They con- vironment. Solutions addressing these chal- cluded that supporting the development lenges that resulted from the FU.SE Milan and adoption of better quantitative meas- sessions included role modelling and en- urements to evaluate the effectiveness of couraging engagement among the work- interventions could be a promising solution. force to personalize technology for every Such tools could replace or complement employee. qualitative statements and shift away from the “tick-box” approach to diversity and in- clusion that often fails to deliver tangible re- What are the effects of chang- sults, leading to underinvestment. ing work dynamics on society and leadership? As the nature of work and the workforce changes, societal stresses will shift and new styles of leadership will be required, In one of the sessions focusing on the role of leaders in creating diverse and inclusive workplaces, it emerged that at least two- thirds of job candidates want to join a diverse team. This means that, to compete for talent, leaders will need to transform their organi- zations by creating an authentic culture of diversity and inclusion. In many of the breakout sessions, it also became clear that in terms of shifting de- mographics, aging populations will be the most significant driver of change in the fu- ture of work. One session revealed the sur- prising fact that, contrary to popular belief, older people remain in work not to increase their personal satisfaction or to contribute to society but primarily from financial ne- cessity. Participants agreed that a more ho- listic approach is needed, involving policies, incentives and practices. For example, older workers do not necessarily need to be kept in traditional employment. Data was shared showing the older entrepreneurs have a | 17
higher success rate; thus, they could be en- Moreover, participants agreed that com- couraged to create their own companies panies should look for other ways, such as through tax incentives. incentivising job rotations, to ensure that employees can acquire diverse skills and to add new experiences to their job profiles. How can we equip the work- force with the skills and edu- cation needed to thrive in the future of work? If how we work will change radically, a ma- jor challenge lies in knowing how to the workforce for the transformations that will take place in their occupations. To do so, it is critical to understand which skills and ed- ucational backgrounds workers will need in order to succeed in their new roles, and the variety of actors who should be involved in re-skilling. During many of the breakout sessions, participants agreed that the private sector must play a key role in shaping the educa- tion system, either by advising schools on the skills that will be needed or by providing complementary training programmes that can fill the emerging skills and capabilities gaps. In fact, throughout the event, many participants advocated that it is one of a company’s responsibilities to society to help re-skill people and give them the abilities needed to work with technology. In complement to private sector solu- tions and traditional education reform, participants strongly advocated that gov- ernments should create tax regimes that incentivise investment in employee re-skill- ing (as demonstrated by Singapore). This recognizes the fact that although re-and up-skilling are priorities for the private sec- tor, their investments may not always gener- ate short-term financial gains and therefore companies need to look at the long-term economic impact to see that the return on investment in training is substantial. How can we protect workers around the world during a time of profound change? The future of work will require businesses and governments to create solutions that are more flexible, secure and fair and to sup- port people in every sector throughout their working lives, regardless of how, where and when they choose to work. 18 |
During the breakout sessions, participants brainstormed ideas for priorities that gov- ernments should embrace when working to renew the social contract. Participants learned that some 85% of the world’s pop- ulation want to see the rules of the glob- al economy rewritten, protecting children and the elderly, enshrining democratic freedoms and promoting shared prosperi- ty. Given that more than 50% of people are vulnerable at work and 800 million peo- ple worldwide survive on less than $3 a day, clearly job creation and labour protection are among the most important elements in a re- newed social contract. Yet, implementation often remains the stumbling block, the place that needs con- crete action. Participants discussed how social protection could operate better in practice. After intense discussions, they concluded that companies must educate employees about the long-term benefits of social protection and should adjust benefits according to employees’ needs. While there is no one-size-fits-all approach to social protection, measures include investments in healthcare and pensions and increased funding for childcare. | 19
JEFFERSONIAN DINNERS Jeffersonian Dinners connect small groups Leading yourself to lead oth- of people in a more intimate way than ers: How mindfulness can a large discussion. The aim is to identify a topic of interest and have a single, itera- drive change in organizations tive conversation around the table on that Another dinner focused on the impact of topic. During FU.SE, 12 Jeffersonian Dinners leadership development, mindfulness and were hosted, taking participants on a cu- neuroscience on the culture of many or- linary journey of Milan’s most prestigious ganizations, and how leaders can imple- restaurants. ment mindfulness in a skilful way. Partic- ipants explored the world of mindfulness, Beyond blue collar: How to learning that it has moved beyond stress envision the future of the pro- reduction to become an essential skill for future leaders, building their mental and fessions cognitive capabilities. Given that many One of the dinners continued the earlier traditional ways of innovating and trans- discussion about the future of professions. forming companies are no longer working, Until recently, much attention has been mindfulness provides a new way of accel- focused on the impact automation will erating change and creating a culture in have on blue-collar jobs. However, the dis- which innovation can thrive. ruptions are going to go beyond blue-col- lar workers. Participants grappled with the idea that in the future a number of jobs will disappear and that for those that remain, jobs will face a polarisation in terms of re- wards. It was suggested that one way to respond to this shift is to better reward lower paid jobs (e.g. gardening, cleaning, nursing), given that they will require differ- ent and more advanced skills compared to today. Talent: How to disrupt disrup- tion through culture In another dinner, participants explored what drives culture in the digital age and what might be innovative ways of attract- ing and retaining talent at a time of disrup- tion. Participants looked at how companies could create stories, rituals and symbols of their brands in order to build their culture and the fact that a change in behaviours is required before changing mind-sets. More- over, creating a unique corporate culture is only possible if the company is able to drive and to measure the change. 20 |
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ACTION CAFÉS Action Cafés were used to test solutions created during the breakout sessions Which ideas for interventions are feasible and realistic? The Action Café is a format for action-oriented conversation where participants are invited to take the most promising intervention ideas from the breakout groups and present them for an external opinion. This makes the Action Café a dynamic way of testing ideas and challenging insights generated earlier. The insights included: –– The importance of purpose in an organization –– The challenges and opportunities provided by a remote and thus broader talent pool –– The design of competitive hiring and progression strategies –– The benefits of new models of accelerating and promoting access to training –– The means of achieving equity and economic mobility –– The re-definition of learning through technology and ways of creating digital skills maps in organizations From the sessions came a set of proposed actions for the public and private sector. In the continuing dialogue over the coming year, these will be fleshed out into possible interventions. Key actions for the private sector: –– Focus hiring processes on skills instead of on education, experience or credentials –– Apply similar interventions when employing older workers as when employing women, including setting quotas, training against bias and promoting sensitive and objective recruiting –– Create individual, portable training accounts that provide a fixed amount of financial support for each employee, to be used for a training of their choice –– Create an industry-wide system to define, assess and score people based on 10-12 key skills. Then apply this to the hiring process and the reform of education policies Key actions for the public sector: –– Restructure policy to incentivise shared public and private investment in training through tools such as portable, individual training accounts –– Reinvigorate societal mechanisms to support those working after pensionable age, us- ing interventions such as new tax systems, subsidy models and new forms of regulation –– Design social protection policy based on the different income levels of employees and prioritize those who most need protection
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THE WAY FORWARD FU.SE Milan revealed a strong appetite among decision-makers for a peer-level platform where ideas can be exchanged in a trusting and neutral space, with a focus on the co-creation of practical solutions. We will continue to fine-tune the for- mat and approach based on input from the par- ticipants, to truly make this a unique experience. As FU.SE is a platform, community and move- ment, we will continue these discussions both online and in person through an interactive plat- form and a series of regional events. While the community is brought together by invitation only, we intend the insights and solutions it de- velops to be available to everyone. Throughout the year, the FU.SE website will con- tinue to share new ideas, as well as iterations of the conversation and insights generated from them. We invite you to join the dialogue and be- come part of making the future work for everyone. www.futureseriesfuse.com | 25
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS & CONTRIBUTORS We would like to thank the Adecco Group, Boston Consulting Group and Microsoft as co-or- ganizers of FU.SE Milan for their contributions. Moreover, we would also like to acknowledge the official FU.SE partners, Zurich Insurance, ABB, LinkedIn, the International Labour Organi- zation (ILO), the OECD, Forbes, Landor and Think for their overall support to make the inaugural FU.SE summit a success. ORGANISING TEAM THE ADECCO GROUP Alain Dehaze Chief Executive Officer Cynthia Hansen Head of the Adecco Group Foundation Bettina Schaller Director Group Public Affairs Delia Fischer Global Head of Corporate Communications Diana Mussetti Event Coordinator BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP Judith Wallenstein Senior Partner and Managing Director, BCG Munich Andreas Liedtke Partner and Managing Director, BCG Zurich Theodore Roos Principal, BCG London Laura Niculae Associate, BCG Zurich Agathe Renard Associate, BCG Geneva MICROSOFT Stephane Jordan Global Business Manager for The Adecco Group, Microsoft Luba Manolova Senior Business Group Lead, Microsoft 26 |
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