FASHION INDEX 2019 EDITION - A review of 200 of the biggest global fashion brands and retailers ranked according to how much they disclose about ...
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FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 2019 A FASHION INDEX 2019 EDITION A review of 200 of the biggest global fashion brands and retailers ranked according to how much they disclose about their social and environmental policies, practices and impact.
FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 2019 01
CONTENTS
03 FOREWORD 34 Viewpoint: Mary Creagh MP, chair of the
04 FINDINGS-AT-A-GLANCE Environmental Audit Committee
05 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
08 WHY TRANSPARENCY? 35 FINAL SCORES: SECTION-BY-SECTION
09 Why greater transparency matters 36 Average scores across the sections
in the fashion industry 37 1. Policy & Commitments
12 Case Studies: Transparency in Action 44 2. Governance
13 Viewpoint: Nazma Akter, trade unionist 49 3. Traceability
14 Viewpoint: Jenny Dewi, garment worker 55 Viewpoint: Abhishek Jani, Fairtrade India Project
15 Viewpoint: Tolly Dolly Posh, consumer, ethical blogger 56 4. Know, Show, Fix
16 What do we mean by transparency? 61 Viewpoint: Shafiq Hassan, Echotex
62 5. Spotlight Issues
19 ABOUT THE FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 72 Viewpoint: Jenny Holdcroft, IndustriALL
20 Why have we conducted this research? 73 Viewpoint: Hester Le Roux, CARE International UK
21 The methodology 74 Viewpoint: Kirsten Broode, Greenpeace
22 The weighting of the scores
23 About the methodology 75 WHAT SHOULD YOU DO WITH THIS INFORMATION?
24 Updates to the methodology 76 Citizens
25 How were the 200 brands selected? 77 Brands and Retailers
26 A-Z of brands 78 Governments and Policymakers
27 How is research conducted 79 Civil Society Groups, Trade Unions & Workers
27 About our research and engagement process
28 How does the scoring work? 80 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
82 ANNEX 1 Definitions and Abbreviations
29 THE FINAL SCORES 83 ANNEX 2 References
30 A rough guide to the scoring 84 Organisations for further research
31 The final scores 84 An important final note
32 Quick findings 85 About Fashion Revolution
33 Overall analysis
The content of this publication can in no way be taken to reflect the views of any of the funders of Fashion Revolution.
© Fashion Revolution CIC 2019. All rights reserved. This document is not to be copied or adapted without permission from Fashion Revolution CIC.
FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 2019 02
Disclaimer Attribution Licences – Creative Commons
The Fashion Transparency Index is made available on While the material contained in this Index has been prepared This work is owned by Fashion Revolution CIC (Company The Fashion Transparency Index is licensed under a Creative
the express request that it will be used only for general in good faith, neither Fashion Revolution CIC nor any of number: 8988812) and has been written by Sarah Ditty, Policy Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 4.0
information purposes. Readers are encouraged to form their its partners, agents, representatives, advisers, affiliates, Director at Fashion Revolution CIC. International Licence. It is not a Free Culture Licence. Please
own views and opinions on each of the brands mentioned directors, officers or employees accept any responsibility for see the link for more information:
in this Index. All content in the Fashion Transparency Index is or make any representations or warranties (either express The research was conducted by Sarah Ditty, Carry Somers, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
not to be construed as connected to or relating to any form or implied) as to the accuracy, completeness, reliability, or Ilishio Lovejoy, Sienna Somers, Marzia Lafranchi, Katie
of legal, governance, regulatory, research or investment truth, of the information contained in this Index or any other Chappuis, Julia Handler, Lisa Schneider, Eduardo Iracheta For the Raw Data File we make available we are not granting
advice nor any other specific or general advice on buying, information made available in connection with this Index, and Michelle Lai between December 2018 and April 2019. any licence for you to use the Raw Data, which we have
selling or dealing in any way with the brands mentioned in and disclaims all liability for loss of any kind suffered by It has been designed by Heather Knight, Emily Sear and compiled to produce this Index. You are only permitted to
this Index. This Index has not been prepared to any specific any party as a result of the use of this Fashion Transparency Bronwyn Seier. view the Raw Data File.
or general investment objectives. Before acting on anything Index. Neither Fashion Revolution CIC nor any of its agents,
inspired by anything contained in this Index, you must representatives, advisers, affiliates, directors, officers and The C&A Foundation funded Fashion Revolution CIC who You are free to copy and redistribute the Fashion
consider whether it is suitable to your circumstances and, employees undertake any obligation to provide the users in turn funded the research for this Index. We would like Transparency Index in any medium or format provided
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The material in this Index is based on information that we Reference herein to any specific brand, commercial a consultancy or other service offering. You must contact
have found in the public domain and reasonably consider product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, This publication has been funded with the financial Fashion Revolution at legal@fashionrevolution.org to obtain
correct at time of publication. Fashion Revolution has not manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply support of the European Union. Its contents are the sole a licence if you want to commercialise the whole or any part
verified, validated or audited the data used to prepare this its endorsement, recommendation, favouring, boycotting, responsibility of Fashion Revolution and do not necessarily of this Index.
Index. The assessment of fashion brands has been carried abusing, defaming by Fashion Revolution CIC nor any of its reflect the views of the European Union.
out solely according to the new Fashion Transparency Index agents, representatives, advisers, affiliates, directors, officers © Fashion Revolution CIC 2019
methodology and no other assessment models used by any and employees. We have mitigated any risk of a conflict of interest by the
of the project partners or our analyst team. Any statements, following three methods: viewing and treating C&A and the Published 24th April 2019
opinions, conclusions or recommendations contained in To the maximum extent permitted by law any responsibility C&A Foundation as separate entities; treating C&A like any
this Index are honestly and reasonably held or made at the or liability for this Index or any related material is expressly other of the 199 brands we analysed; and we did not give
time of publication. Any opinions expressed are our current disclaimed provided that nothing in this disclaimer shall C&A any preferential treatment.
opinions based on detailed research as of the date of the exclude any liability for, or any remedy in respect of, fraud
publication of this Index only and may change without or fraudulent misrepresentation. Any disputes, claims or
notice. Any views expressed in this Index only represent the proceedings in connection with or arising in relation to this
views of Fashion Revolution CIC, unless otherwise expressly Index will be governed by and construed in accordance with
noted. The content of this publication can in no way be English law and submitted to the exclusive jurisdiction of the
taken to reflect the views of any of the funders of Fashion courts of England and Wales.
Revolution CIC or the Fashion Transparency Index.
FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 2019 03
FOREWORD " There is no
beauty without
truth and there is
no truth without
transparency.”
CARRY SOMERS
FOUNDER AND GLOBAL
OPERATIONS DIRECTOR
FASHION REVOLUTION
Leading up to International Women’s double by 2030. Although 72% of brands and why we track their progress through
Day this year, many people asked brands publish policies on energy and carbon our annual Fashion Transparency Index.
Beauty is truth, truth beauty. where their women’s empowerment emissions at the company level, and
slogan T-shirts were made. Did they 48.5% publish supplier policies on this There truly is an ocean of truth lying
John Keats declared that real beauty empower the women who made them? issue, just 55% of brands publish the undiscovered before us when it comes
resides in truth and truth alone is Just 37.5% of the 200 brands reviewed annual carbon footprint in their own to the world of fashion, but there is a
beautiful. The beauty of objects may this year, down from 40% of 150 brands facilities and only 19.5% publish this sea change taking place and we are
change, so we should pay more reviewed last year, disclose that they are information for their supply chain. seeing consumers wading in and
attention to the beauty at their core involved in capacity building projects asking, demanding, to know the truth
than to outward appearances. Our in the supply chain focused on gender We recognise that it is not easy for behind their clothes. We have more
perception of what we consider to be a equality or female empowerment, brands to become transparent - it’s an and more online transparency tools
beautiful or desirable item of clothing and only 3 brands are publishing data uncomfortable process, but a necessary at our disposal to hold brands and
can change not just with trends, time on the prevalence of gender-based one if we are to see change. Despite retailers to account. Even if they aren’t
or the impact of use, but by knowing labour violations in supplier facilities. some progress over the past six years, disclosing this information themselves,
the truth behind its manufacture. How the fashion industry still operates in sooner or later, the truth will come out.
was it made and by whom? Knowing We are also starting to see the truth of an opaque manner and the lack of
the truth can change our perception. our destruction of the natural world and information about where our clothes The fashion of the future is not about
recognising the significant role played and accessories are made and who the pretty little things, the shoes and
More than ever before, brands and by the fashion industry. It is one of the made them is a huge barrier to change. handbag and new party dress. It is
retailers are being held to account and most polluting industries in the world: Human rights abuses, gender inequality about weaving truth and values into
beginning to realise that their fashion global textile production emits 1.2 billion and environmental degradation remain our clothing. We love fashion. We
statements need to be embodied in tonnes of greenhouse gases annually, rife and we know that exploitation thrives love beautiful clothes. But there is
truth. We don't want beautifully written more than international flights and in hidden places. This is why Fashion no beauty without truth and there
empty words of vision and commitment; maritime shipping combined, and our Revolution urges all brands and retailers is no truth without transparency.
we want real, tangible information. clothing consumption is expected to to pursue full supply chain transparency
FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 2019 04
FINDINGS-AT-A-GLANCE Average score in each section
POLICY &
COMMITMENTS GOVERNANCE TRACEABILITY
5 HIGHEST
SCORING BRANDS Number of brands
publishing suppliers lists
48% 27% 12%
Adidas 64%
2017 2018 2019
Reebok 64% KNOW, SHOW & FIX SPOTLIGHT ISSUES
Patagonia 64% First-tier manufacturers
Esprit 62% 14% 17%
32
H&M 61%
55
*out of 250 possible points
70
9%
increase in average
score amongst 98 brands
reviewed since 2017
Processing facilities
14
5 BRANDS SCORING
ZERO POINTS
27 Youngor 0
5 BIGGEST MOVERS 38 Jessica Simpson 0
(% CHANGE SINCE 2018) Mexx 0
Suppliers of raw materials Elie Tahari 0
Dior 22%
0 Tom Ford 0
Sainsbury's Tu Clothing 21%
1
Nike Converse, Jordan and Nike 21%
4%
10 increase in average
New Balance 18% score amongst 150 brands
Marc Jacobs 17% reviewed since 2018
FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 2019 05
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
Sportswear and outdoor brands be responsible business partners to marked improvement from 2017 when by over 10% since last year, showing
lead the way on transparency their suppliers? And considering no brands scored more than 50%. This significant efforts to be more
women form the majority of the people clearly indicates that even leading transparent, whilst 20 brands (or 10% of
This year’s Fashion Transparency Index working in the fashion industry from brands and retailers still have significant the brands reviewed) score above 50%
includes 200 of the world’s biggest factory to shop floor, we are surprised to room for improvement when it comes to compared to 10 brands in 2018.
fashion brands and retailers. The see brands saying very little about their sharing their social and environmental
highest scoring brands this year are efforts to empower women and girls policies, practices and impacts with their 14.5% of brands score less than 5%,
Adidas, Reebok and Patagonia, who and achieve gender equality customers and stakeholders. compared to 17% of brands last year,
each score 64% of the 250 possible which shows that more brands are
points. Esprit scoring 62% and H&M Leading fashion brands and The Fashion Transparency Index embarking on their journey towards
scoring 61% are the following two retailers are making significant has been a useful tool for greater transparency.
brands in the 61-70% range. efforts to be more transparent encouraging greater
but there is still a long way to go transparency We have found that the UK Modern
These brands are disclosing a wide Slavery Act, California Transparency in
range of human rights and This is the first year that any brands Due to the increase in the number of Supply Chains Act and some of the
environmental policies and and retailers will score over 60%, brands reviewed this year, the overall relevant French and EU legislation has
commitments as well as information showing that leading brands are average score has not increased, but forced major brands to disclose at
about how responsibility is governed taking steps to disclose more about amongst the 150 brands reviewed in least some information publicly.
throughout the business, who their their social and environmental 2018 and again in 2019 there has been
suppliers are and some data about the policies, practices and impacts. a 3.6% increase in the average score. Several fashion brands disclose
outcomes and impacts of their supply chain information for the
sustainability practices. The average score amongst the 200 Amongst the 98 brands reviewed in 2017, first time
biggest fashion brands and retailers 2018 and again in 2019 there has been an
While major brands are making reviewed this year is 21%. Whilst we are 8.9% increase in the average score since Chanel, s.Oliver, Dior, Desigual and
significant steps towards supply chain seeing some leading brands begin to they were first reviewed. This progress, Sandro are publishing meaningful
transparency, detailed information disclose more information about their coupled with the feedback we have social and environmental information
about the outcomes and impacts of social and environmental policies, received directly from brands, suggests for the first time. Chanel increased
their efforts is still lacking. We see very practices and impacts, there are still far that inclusion in the Fashion from 3% in 2018 to 10% this year.
little information and data disclosed too many major brands lagging behind. Transparency Index has motivated Desigual increased 7%, Sandro and
about the purchasing practices of these leading brands to be more transparent. s.Oliver by 9% and Dior by almost 22%
leading brands and retailers, begging No major brands score above 70%. (nb. this may be a result of Dior being
the question: what are brands doing to Although our research this year shows a 11 brands have increased their scores taken over by LVMH).
FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 2019 06
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
5 major fashion brands disclose environmental practices. For example, Many leading fashion brands disclosing the percentage of their
nothing at all the average score amongst all 200 share some information about products that are made from
brands in the Know, Show & Fix section is their strategies for addressing sustainable materials.
Only 5 brands (2.5%) of the brands just 14% and in the Spotlight Issues environment impacts
reviewed) are scoring zero points this section, where we do deep-dive 54% of brands are publishing goals on
year compared to 9 brands (6%) last research into some of the most pressing The global apparel and footwear improving environmental impacts, but
year. These are Eli Tahari, Jessica issues, brands score an average of 17%. industry accounts for 8% of the world’s only 40% publish goals on improving
Simpson, Mexx, Tom Ford and Chinese greenhouse gas emissions, almost as human rights.
menswear brand, Youngor. Another 10 Major fashion brands have made much as the total for the whole of
brands are disclosing almost nothing significant progress on Europe. In a business-as-usual Furthermore, for all the media scrutiny
(less than 2%), including Longchamp, publishing supplier lists scenario, fashion’s climate impact is surrounding leading brands burning
Max Mara, New Yorker and several others. expected to increase 49% by 2030 - unsold stock over the past year, we
70 out of the 200 major fashion brands equal to today’s total annual greenhouse were surprised to see that only 26.5%
Please note we are not evaluating are publishing a list of their first-tier gas emissions in the United States, of brands describe what they are doing
brands' ethical or sustainability manufacturers, and 38 brands are according to Quantis. Considering the to reduce pre-consumer surplus/
performance but rather how much disclosing their processing facilities, need to act urgently on climate change waste (e.g. off-cuts, unsold and
information they disclose publicly about where ginning and spinning, wet and looking at what the major brands are defective stock, production samples,
their human rights and environmental processing, embroidering, printing, disclosing about their efforts to reduce 23.5% of brands offer their customers
policies, practices and impacts. finishing, dyeing and laundering environmental impacts, we wonder if in-store or online recycling schemes,
typically takes place. they are doing enough? and just 26% explain how they’re
More information shared about investing in circular solutions to reduce
fashion brands' policies than We have seen an increase in average 55% out of the 200 brands are textile waste.
their practices and impacts scores in the Traceability section by publishing the annual carbon footprint
over 7% amongst the fashion brands in the company's own sites, although Considering the fashion industry
As we have seen in previous years, reviewed since 2017. only 19.5% disclose carbon emissions employs millions of women,
brands continue to publish the most in the supply chain – where over 50% brands ought to share far more
information about their policies and 10 brands (5%) are disclosing some of of the industry’s emissions occur, information about how they are
commitments, with an average score of the facilities or farms supplying their according to Quantis. addressing gender equality
48% in that section of the methodology, fibres such as viscose, cotton and
while they disclose significantly less wool. This is a significant increase from Meanwhile, whilst 43% of brands are Women form the majority of the people
information about the outcomes and 2018 where only one brand disclosed publishing a sustainable materials working in the fashion industry from
impacts of their social and this information and no brands shared strategy or roadmap, only 29% are factory to shop floor. Around 70-80% of
this information in 2016 or 2017.
FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 2019 07
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
the world’s millions of garment terms — an issue we repeatedly have in accelerating climate change, and By the 2020 edition of this Index, we
workers are female, yet major brands been told is a pain point for suppliers, certainly they are responsible for many hope to see even more major brands
don’t seem to be doing all that much to one that can impact their ability to of the human rights abuses that persist and retailers disclosing their suppliers.
address gender inequality and provide regular and fairly paid in global supply chains. We want to see brands publishing
empower women across the fashion employment to workers. 18 (9%) brands more detailed information about the
value chain. disclose a formal process for gathering Major fashion brands have the moral outcomes of their efforts to improve
supplier feedback on the company's imperative and ability to effect change human rights and environmental
Just over one third of brands support purchasing practices. on a global scale for large numbers of sustainability. And finally, we will be
women’s empowerment projects for people and that puts them in a really encouraging major brands to share far
garment workers. However, only 3 Given that major brands are expecting powerful position. Having said that more information about their
brands (1.5%) publish data on the trust and transparency from suppliers, we’re not going to be able to maintain purchasing practices, their actions to
prevalence of gender-based violations they too should share more current levels of production and reduce waste and their efforts to
in the supplier facilities. information publicly about their own consumption even if systems are achieve gender equality for women
commitments and efforts to be designed to be much more restorative. across the industry.
63% of brands publish policies on responsible business partners. Simply put, fashion brands will need to
equal pay but only 33.5% publish the innovate as well as use fewer
annual gender pay gap within the How we plan to take action on resources, and help their customers to
company. these findings consume less, take better care of their
clothes and use them longer. The
Major brands are disclosing The Fashion Transparency Index has current model isn’t working for the
shockingly little information been a useful tool for opening up environment, nor for the vast number
about their purchasing practices conversations with the world’s largest of people working for poverty-level
fashion brands and retailers about wages in the supply chain. This can
Only 6 (3%) of the 200 brands disclose what they can do to be more change and leading fashion brands
a method for isolating and calculating transparent. We believe this is the first have an important role to play.
labour costs in their price negotiation step in holding these big brands to
process with suppliers. 13 (6.5%) account for the human rights and We will continue to use the Index to
brands disclose a policy to pay environmental impacts of their measure brands’ progress towards
suppliers within a maximum of 60 business practices. transparency and help push them
days. Only 4 brands publish the harder and faster towards taking on
percentage of supplier payments In many ways, the world’s major more responsibility for their policies,
made on time and according to agreed fashion brands have played a huge part practices and impacts.
FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 2019 08 WHY TRANSPARENCY?
FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 2019 09
WHY TRANSPARENCY
MATTERS IN THE
FASHION INDUSTRY
Lack of transparency costs lives Fragmented supply chains
obscure accountability
When Rana Plaza collapsed six
years ago in Bangladesh, killing The vast majority of today’s fashion
and injuring thousands of garment brands and retailers do not own their
workers, people had to dig through manufacturing and supplier facilities,
the rubble looking for clothing making it challenging to monitor
or control working conditions and
labels in order to figure out which
environmental impacts across the
brands were producing clothes in
highly globalised supply chain. This
one of the five garment factories can sometimes be used as an excuse
operating in the building. for brands to evade responsibility
for how their products are made.
In some cases, it took weeks for
brands and retailers to determine Brands and retailers may work with
why their labels were found amongst hundreds or even thousands of
the ruins and what sort of purchasing factories at any given time – and
agreements they had with those that is just the suppliers that cut,
suppliers. Many clothing brands sew and assemble our garments. [TOP]
'Dhaka Savar
sourcing from the factories inside Rana There are many facilities further Building Collapse'
by rijans
Plaza didn’t know their products were down the chain that weave, dye via Flickr CC
being made there. and finish materials and farms that [Bottom]
'Bangladeshi
grow fibres used in our clothing. garment workers
Unfortunately, factory fires and block a road dur-
ing a demonstra-
accidents, poor working conditions, During the manufacturing process
tion to demand
higher wages in
dangerous pollution and exploitation of our clothes pass through many pairs
Dhaka
by RTE
garment workers remains rampant six of hands before they ever reach the
via https://www.
rte.ie/news/
years after Rana Plaza. shop floor or, increasingly, the screens
world/2019/0109
/1022163-cloth-
ing-workers-
of our phones and computers. strike-in-bang-
ladesh/FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 2019
A brand might place an order with one Progress is happening but
supplier, who in turn subcontracts it is still difficult to know
the work to another facility if they #whomademyclothes
need to meet a short deadline or
require a special process to be done. Of course, much has changed since
This happens regularly across the Rana Plaza, especially in Bangladesh.
industry and makes it extremely Many factories have been upgraded,
difficult to monitor human rights and and with all the attention on Bangladesh
environmental impacts. Unauthorised since then, some very real and positive
subcontracting causes workers to progress has been made towards
become effectively invisible in the improving working conditions.
supply chain, and this is where the
highest risk of human rights violations However, not enough has changed
and environmental degradation tends in global fashion supply chains and
to occur. But these subcontracted business practices on the whole across
facilities are not the only places where the industry are still very secretive. It
poor conditions persist - sometimes is extremely challenging, if not almost
it’s right under our noses in factories impossible, for a consumer to find out
and communities close to home too. where their clothes have been made,
by whom and under what conditions
Transparency as the first — which means it is hugely difficult to
step towards change know what real-world impacts, both
positive and negative, our clothing
Right after the Rana Plaza factory purchases are having on people’s
collapse happened, it became very lives and on the environment.
clear to us that the fashion industry
needed urgent, transformative change, This is why we are still calling for a
and that the first vital step towards this revolution of the fashion industry.
change required far greater visibility Never again should a tragedy like Rana
and transparency of the people Plaza happen, yet factory fires, safety
working in supply chains, the business accidents and faulty buildings continue
relationships at play across supply to harm people in the places where
chains and information about working our clothes are made. The women who
conditions and environmental impacts. make our clothes continue to faceFASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 2019 11
"In our survey of over
regular and systemic discrimination Over 173,000 posts using
and sexual abuse. Pollution and waste our hashtags, including
5,000 consumers
created as a result of the way our #whomademyclothes, generating
clothes are produced and consumed 720 million impressions during April
across Europe,
continues to damage our ecosystems. 2018 alone – an increase of 35% on
the previous year.
People want to know
80% said that #whomademyclothes Transparency helps facilitate
remediation of human rights
fashion brands Consumers don’t want to buy clothes
made by people working in danger,
and environmental abuses
should disclose exploited, paid poverty-level wages, in
polluted environments but there is simply
As Jenny Holdcroft, the Assistant
General Secretary of IndustriALL
their manufacturers.” not enough information available about
the clothes we wear. Fashion Revolution
Global Union, explained in previous
editions, “knowing the names of
wants to change that. This is why we are major buyers from factories gives
pushing for more transparency from the workers and their unions a stronger
FASHION REVOLUTION & IPSOS MORI fashion industry, and the annual Fashion leverage, crucial for a timely
NOVEMBER 2018 Transparency Index is one of the tools solution when resolving conflicts,
that helps us do this. whether it be refusal to recognise
the union, or unlawful sackings
When we are equipped with more — and for demanding their rights. It also
better quality, credible — information provides the possibility to create
about the human and environmental a link from the worker back to the
impacts of the clothes we buy, we are customer and possibly media to
able to make more informed shopping bring attention to their issues.”
choices. As a result, transparency builds
trust in the brands we buy. Greater transparency can help
brands engage and collaborate with
People are increasingly asking for greater trade unions and civil society groups
transparency from the fashion industry. to identify and remedy problems
In 2018, more than 3.25 million people more quickly, if the relevant
across the world participated in Fashion information is available and easy to
Revolution through events, posting on find. Transparency also helps others
social media, viewing our videos or discover best practice examples and
downloading resources from our website. positive stories from the supply chain
that can be highlighted, shared and
potentially replicated elsewhere.FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 2019 12
CASE STUDIES:
TRANSPARENCY IN ACTION
[LEFT] PHOTOGRAPHY: INDUSTRIALL
- MYANMAR - workers in solidarity
in front of the factory
[RIGHT] PHOTOGRAPHY @
INDUSTRIALL - Garment
workers in Turkey
Real-life example of how Real-life example of when
transparency helps workers the lack of transparency is a
problem for workers
MYANMAR these brands but only received a
TURKEY response from one brand – stating
In Myanmar, six workers were Because they had access to these that they are members of the Business
terminated after forming a trade supplier lists, the trade union In Turkey, there has been a recent Social Compliance Initiative (BSCI, now
union. Using clothing labels from was able to reach a negotiated case in which trade union leaders re-branded to amfori) and that their
inside the factory, IndustriALL trade settlement with the supplier to were illegally terminated for audit reports did not reveal any labour
union members we were able bring back the union leaders and exercising their rights of freedom rights violation in the factory. In such
to check the online supplier lists move towards recognition of the of association. In this case, workers cases, the workers can only use the
disclosed by brands for whose labels union at the factory level. reported which brands they were national court system for potential
they had found. This enabled the making clothes for, but this time remedy to their situation. This can take
union members to reach out and none of the brands were publicly up to two years. The unions continue
build a coalition of brands, increasing disclosing their supplier list, to follow up through the auditor, but it
their leverage within this large making it very difficult to hold them is an added layer that slows down the
multinational supplier, to ensure accountable. The Turkish union and possibility of finding an adequate and
that the workers’ rights were upheld. IndustriALL attempted to contact timely resolution.FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 2019 13
" Transparency is needed by every major multinational
PHOTOGRAPHY © AWAJ FOUNDATION www.awajfoundation.org
fashion brand and retailer in order to help workers
understand what the brands whose clothes they are
making are doing to uphold workers' rights. To me,
transparency also means that brands are willing to be
held accountable for their business practices.
My organisation uses the information disclosed by
major fashion brands in various ways. For example, we
share information with workers so they can negotiate
for better working conditions and get their peers and
managers involved too. We also use transparency
information to understand good practices that
brands are doing.
We would like to see more brands and retailers
share information that is helpful to trade unions
and garment workers such as supplier lists,
audit reports and activities designed to advance
freedom of association and social dialogue."
NAZMA AKTER
BANGLAHDESI TRADE UNIONIST AND
FOUNDER OF THE AWAJ FOUNDATIONFASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 2019 14
VIEWPOINT:
GARMENT WORKERS LIKE ME DESERVE MORE
TRANSPARENCY FROM BRANDS AND RETAILERS
There is a long history of non- when the law is on the employer’s workers and their company, such as a
transparency in the garment factories side. Currently the California Garment complaint hotline. The brands should
in Los Angeles. When employers hire Bill AB633 doesn’t hold the brands send independent monitors to check
workers, they want to know about our accountable for wage theft. This is why the conditions of the factories. Then
experience and skills, but we rarely we must take action and go directly they should reward the manufacturers
get to ask them the same kind of after brands like Ross to demand justice. who are treating their workers well to
questions. Upon hiring, workers often incentivize continued compliance.
A lot of our information has to come
do not know if we are going to be paid
from workers on the factory floor. The most difficult information to obtain
a minimum wage, or how long we will
Workers learn to identify brands and is about how low the wages really are,
get to work in the factory. There is also
labels, or pay attention to finishing hiring and pay rate discrimination, and
no fixed schedule. If the boss says they
boxes to understand where the health and safety conditions in the
want the production done today, we
merchandise is going. Sometimes factories. The truth is that the “piece
JENNY DEWI have to finish it.
GARMENT WORKER CENTER it is through personal conversations rate” in the garment industry has barely
We are expected to work like machines, where we learn how often the product changed in more than two decades,
just carry out the operations without comes to the factory, how much the so most of us make less than the
I have been a garment worker since manufacturers are paying per piece. minimum wage.
asking any questions. The garment
1999, and a member of the Garment Our pay is often in cash or cashier’s
companies don’t let us know which
Worker Center for six years. I joined check with no receipt, so we must I want Fashion Revolution to expose
brand, or retailers we are working for.
the GWC because their mission is to document the pay ourselves. the problems prevalent in the fashion
Often we don’t even know the name of
organize Los Angeles workers to change industry so that customers, the public,
the boss, or the name of the company.
the local industry for the better, and Brands and retailers should disclose and the government will demand real
Even when workers file cases at the
emphasize the importance of fashion the wages workers are paid to produce changes from retailers and brands. Over
Labor Commission, we must do our
brand accountability. Transparency is at clothing. Currently, the way things are 45,000 garment workers in Los Angeles
own investigations in order to get this
the heart of brand accountability, and structured, brands and retailers do not are working in a sweatshop industry.
information.
would be helpful for garment workers have to know or care about the workers Every sector of the industry needs to
in Los Angeles and across the globe. who make their clothes. take part in ending the exploitation, and
For instance, when manufacturers
We also need more local, national, and making the working conditions better
that produced for Ross received the
international policies that ensure such Brands should demand information for garment workers in Los Angeles and
judgment of wage theft, they closed
transparency is enforced in order to from the factory floor, and provide across the globe.
down their factories, and now we
stop sweatshop labor. a line of communication between
can’t even find them. This is worsenedFASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 2019 15
VIEWPOINT:
CONSUMERS LIKE ME WANT BRANDS
TO BE OPEN AND HONEST
TOLLY DOLLY POSH
ETHICAL FASHION BLOGGER
TOLLYDOLLYPOSHFASHION.COM
Transparency to me means the board from the fabrics to the future but it should also be part of
factories being used. the customer service experience. The
having complete faith and positive reaction transparency brings
trust in how a business works. A brand being honest about where should be an incentive for companies
they could be doing better or what they to release more data about how they
It's about a company facing issues are trying improve brings me more work and with who.
head-on and creating open and comfort than a brand that decides to
honest dialogue around their practices, stay quiet or only answer questions
whether they are in the early stages of
creating a more ethical and sustainable
when they're asked. Information
should be clearly accessible to
“A brand being honest about
supply chain, or whether they've almost
hit the nail on the head.
consumers and not hidden under a where they could be doing
sub-menu or only available via email.
I will automatically grow weary and better or what they are
For me, when a brand flies the 'ethical
trying improve brings me
suspicious if information about ethics
fashion flag' proudly, it gives me a lot and sustainability efforts are difficult
of confidence as a consumer to spend
my money with them and put forward
to find or if a company does not
respond quickly when that information
more comfort than a brand
a vote for the sort of fashion industry
I'd like to see. I find official credentials
is requested. that decides to stay quiet or
and certifications extremely valuable
as they show a clear commitment to
Supplying this information shouldn't only answer questions when
just be a way of pushing the industry
different efforts, and this goes across towards a more fair and sustainable they're asked.”FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 2019 16
WHAT DO
WE MEAN BY
TRANSPARENCY?
transparency
For Fashion Revolution, Transparency can enable greater
accountability
transparency means credible,
comprehensive and comparable Transparency is not just sharing the
public disclosure of data and good stories nor disclosing only
accountability
information about fashion’s supply compliant, well-performing suppliers
chains, business practices and — it’s about presenting the full picture,
the impacts of these practices on both good and not-so-good.
workers, communities and the
This sort of transparency requires
environment. brands and retailers to know exactly
who makes the products they sell
When we talk about greater – from who stitched them right
transparency, we mean public through to who dyed the fabric and
disclosure of sourcing relationships who farmed the fibre. And crucially,
change
and of companies’ social and this requires brands to trace the
environmental policies and practices, journey of their products right down
goals and targets, governance, to the raw material level. It requires
performance and progress. that brands monitor and measure
their outcomes and impacts, not
just share their values and policies.
We ask brands to share information
publicly so that we can collectively
scrutinise all tiers of the supply chain,
identify the best and worst practices
and hold brands to account.FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 2019 17 17
Transparency is not selective
disclosure to third parties. We
Transparency is a tool for change,
not the goal itself
T R A N S PA R E N C Y
want to see public disclosure
Transparency by itself will not solve
Some brands opt to disclose supply the industry’s problems, but it
chain information to selected multi- provides an important window into
stakeholder groups or trade unions the conditions in which our clothes
rather than publicly, and have done are being made. What we each do
so for many years in order to manage with the information being disclosed
their risks and solve issues. However, by big brands and retailers is most
we feel this is not enough. Health and important of all. It is with access to
safety incidents, widespread abuses information that we hold brands and FA I R T R A D E
and even deaths are still happening retailers, governments and suppliers
and potentially can be solved faster if to account. We see transparency W E L L- B E I N G
information is more freely available. as the first step towards wider
systemic change for a safer, fairer L I V I N G WAG E S
Being transparent does not and cleaner global fashion industry.
necessarily mean acting EMPOWERMENT
ethically and sustainably
GENDER EQUALITY
We want to stress that transparency
is not to be conflated with brands BUSINESS ACCOUNTABILITY
behaving ethically and sustainably.
This report is not looking at which S U S TA I N A B L E L I V E L I H O O D S
brands are more environmentally
friendly or conducting business “None of the main GOOD WORKING CONDITIONS
more ethically than others. A brand issues which E N V I R O N M E N TA L S U S TA I N A B I L I T Y
may publish a considerable amount
of information and data about their
humanity is facing
policies, practices and impacts and will be resolved
still have poor working conditions and without access to
environmental degradation happening
in their supply chains. Conversely, information."
brands may be doing all sorts of good A FAIRER, SAFER, CLEANER
things behind-the-scenes but don’t FASHION INDUSTRY
talk about them publicly. It’s a shame
CHRISTOPER DELOIRE
not to share publicly, as other brands SECRETARY GENERAL,
could have much to learn from them. REPORTERS WITHOUT BORDERS, 2018FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 2019 18
TO ACHIEVE SYSTEMIC
CHANGE WE RECOGNISE
4 IMPORTANT THINGS:
i
It is a process Inclusivity is key More information is needed Turn data into action
It is going to be a long journey towards Millions of workers are employed Many people continue to shop from Transparency isn’t just for transparency’s
a different industry model, requiring through the supply chains of these big corporate brands, but want more sake. The data and information disclosed
many incremental but necessary steps, big brands, and we must be careful tools to understand how products are by companies needs to be accessible
to turn the tide of overconsumption to ensure that the future of the made, where they are made, by whom and detailed enough to take action upon.
and unsustainable business models. fashion industry is able to provide and under what conditions. This report What we do with publicly available supply
We believe the first step is greater decent work, sustainable livelihoods, is one tool that helps consumers and chain information, how we use it to drive
transparency. This will entail consumers, hope and dignity for everyone other stakeholders better understand positive change, is what will count most.
brands and retailers, governments and employed in it, from farm to retail. what major brands are doing.
citizens each taking action. Fashion
Revolution is engaging with all of these
groups to catalyse positive change.FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 2019 19 ABOUT THE FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX
FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 2019 20
WHY HAVE WE
CONDUCTED
THIS RESEARCH?
Fashion Revolution is calling By conducting this research, we want to Furthermore, we wanted to create: “We developed
help people know a bit more about the
for greater transparency brands and retailers they buy products • comparable tool that helps
A
the Fashion
throughout the fashion industry from. Many of the brands included in the stakeholders better understand Transparency Index
and our #whomademyclothes Fashion Transparency Index are selling how much information major as a tool to scrutinise
special ‘sustainable’ collections but brands and retailers are disclosing;
social media campaign has
what about the rest of their products?
what major
inspired millions of people Where are their clothes made, by • A tool to incentivise big brands fashion brands
to take action since 2013. whom and under what conditions? and retailers to disclose more disclose about their
credible, comparable and detailed
What information can we expect to find information year-on-year by
human rights and
To build on this question, we wanted
to create a tool that would help about big brands’ human rights and utilising the competitive nature environmental
people better understand what environmental policies and practices? of business performance; policies, practices
What can we find out about the effects
transparency looks like in practice,
of their business practices on the people • An ongoing exercise that helps and impacts."
particularly when it comes to big the Fashion Revolution movement
fashion brands and retailers. who work in their supply chains? These
are some of questions that the Fashion shape its own understanding
Transparency Index research considers. of what brands share about SARAH DITTY
their suppliers and social and POLICY DIRECTOR,
environmental impacts across the FASHION REVOLUTION
value chain; what transparency
entails and what transparency
demands we may ask in future
from major brands and retailers.FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 2019 21
THE
The Fashion Transparency Index uses a ratings methodology
to benchmark brands’ public disclosure across five key areas,
METHODOLOGY including: policy and commitments, governance, supply
chain traceability, supplier assessment and remediation, and
new 'spotlight issues' covering gender equality, decent work,
climate action and responsible consumption and production.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
POLICY &
GOVERNANCE TRACEABILITY KNOW, SHOW & FIX SPOTLIGHT ISSUES
COMMITMENTS
- What are the brand’s social — Is there board level - Does the brand publish a — How does the brand assess — What is the brand doing to
and environmental policies? responsibility for list of its suppliers, the implementation of its address gender equality
the company’s social and from manufacturing to raw supplier policies? and female empowerment?
— How is the brand putting its
environmental impacts? material level?
policies into practice? — How does the brand — What is the brand doing to
— Can a relevant department or — If so, how much detail fix problems when found in support Freedom of
— How does the brand decide
individual be easily contacted do they share? its supplier facilities? Association and the
which issues to prioritise?
with questions? payment of living wages?
— Does the brand disclose
— What are the brand’s future
— How does the brand link assessment findings? — What is the brand doing to
goals for improving its
human rights and tackle waste and recycling,
impacts? — How can workers report
environmental issues to sustainable production and
grievances?
its employee and supplier’s climate change?
performance?FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 2019 22
WEIGHTING OF The methodology focuses exclusively
on public disclosure of supply
Please be aware that when brands
score zero on an individual indicator,
THE SCORES
chain information. Therefore, the it doesn’t necessarily mean anything
weighting of the scores is intended bad. It just means they’re not
to emphasise increasing levels of disclosing their efforts publicly.
detailed disclosure, especially when it
comes to publishing supplier lists and
the results of supplier assessments.
We are rewarding granularity.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
POLICY &
GOVERNANCE TRACEABILITY KNOW, SHOW & FIX SPOTLIGHT ISSUES
COMMITMENTS
TOTAL POSSIBLE POINTS
(250) 49 12 85 70 34
WEIGHTING
(%) 19.5% 4.5% 34% 28% 14%FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 2019 23
ABOUT THE
METHODOLOGY
The first iteration of the methodology The methodology has been designed • Dr Alessandra Mezzadri, We recognise that the methodology
was created by Ethical Consumer by the Fashion Revolution team, led by SOAS, University of London is not perfect and can always
in 2016 with input from Fashion Fashion Revolution’s Policy Director, be improved. We welcome any
Revolution. For 2017, Fashion Revolution Sarah Ditty, with consultative input • Joe Sutcliffe, Advisor - Dignified feedback on how to make it better:
took the lead on the project’s and feedback from a committee of Work, CARE International transparency@fashionrevolution.org
development and considerably revised pro bono industry experts, including: • Heather Webb, Ethical Consumer
the methodology. We spent four
months consulting a diverse group • Dr Mark Anner, Director of And several others experts who wished For further detail of the exact
of more than 20 industry experts Centre for Global Workers’ Rights to remain anonymous at this time. methodology, download the
on this revision process. The new at Penn State University 2019 brand questionnaire
methodology focuses exclusively The methodology is based on template here.
on public disclosure of supply chain • Neil Brown, Alliance existing international standards
information, and we changed the Trust Investments and benchmarks including: UN
weighting of the scores to emphasise • Professor Ian Cook, Sustainable Development Goals,
increasing levels of detailed University of Exeter UN Guiding Principles, OECD Due
disclosure, especially in regards to Diligence Guidelines, Ethical Trading
disclosing supplier information. • Orsola de Castro, co- Initiative Base Code, and Fair Labor
founder of Fashion Revolution Association’s Freedom of Association
We have updated the methodology and waste expert guidelines. It has also been developed
again in 2019, making small changes to align as much as possible with other
for clarity, tweaking a few indicators • Subindhu Garkhel, industry benchmarks and relevant
to make it more ambitious and Fairtrade Foundation initiatives including the Transparency
selecting new Spotlight Issues. • Jenny Holdcroft, IndustriALL Pledge, Corporate Human Rights
Benchmark and Know The Chain.
There are 202 indicators in the • Kate Larsen, SupplyESChange
2019 Fashion Transparency Initiative
Index methodology.FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 2019 24
UPDATES TO THE
METHODOLOGY
Our annual revision process Each year we select new Spotlight Spotlight Issues selected for 2019 How this affects the scoring year-
Issues in section 5, which are selected on-year
Each year our policy and research through consultation with the wider This year we have observed many
team reviews every methodology Fashion Revolution team and through companies aligning their goals Because changes are made to the
indicator for clarity and makes our research into the latest industry and strategies with the Sustainable methodology each year, this may have
amendments where we feel the developments. We also seek input from Development Goals, so we have chosen an impact on the year-on-year direct
wording could be clearer. We also our pro bono consultation committee. 4 out of the 17 goals that are particularly comparability of the data results. This
consider the wider methodology The aim is to choose a selection of relevant to the global fashion industry is why we would like to emphasise
in the context of recent industry the most pressing challenges facing as this year’s Spotlight Issues: focusing on the range in which brands
developments, with special attention the sector for deeper investigation. score rather than their individual
to any new laws and policies, reporting • SDG 5: Gender equality scores. The ranges reveal patterns of
standards and emerging trends. • SDG 8: Decent work disclosure and trends in transparency
We make amendments to relevant rather than precise measurements.
indicators where we feel they might • SDG 12: Responsible
better align to these recent industry consumption and production
developments and to ensure the Index • SDG 13: Climate action
remains a driver of best practice.
Within these 4 goals, we have honed
Sections 1 to 4 of the methodology in on issues that our team and
have remained largely the same advisors have identified as some of
from 2017 to 2019, with minor the sector’s most urgent challenges,
amendments to a handful of indicators such as gender-based violence at
for clarity and alignment. For any work, the gender pay gap, freedom of
changes to existing indicators or association, living wages, purchasing
any proposed additional indicators practices, textile waste and recycling,
throughout the questionnaire, we circularity and climate footprint.
gather feedback from our pro bono
consultation committee advisors.FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 2019 25
HOW WERE
THE 200 BRANDS H OW M A N Y B R A N D S
SELECTED? PA R T I C I PAT E D T H I S Y E A R ?
52% 46%
did not respond of brands completed
and returned a
Brands have been chosen on the We have deliberately listed brands questionnaire
basis of annual turnover representing in our report rather than the parent
over US$500 million and crossing company because consumers will
a spread of market segments be most familiar with brand names.
including high street, luxury, premium,
sportswear, accessories, footwear 98 out of the 200 brands and retailers
and denim from across Europe, North reviewed this year were included in the
America, South America and Asia. 2017 and 2018 report. A further 52 brands
were reviewed in 2018 and again this
We relied on publicly available year, for a total of 150 brands. There are
financial information to select brands 50 new brands included in the report
and retailers. Some companies are this year, for a total of 200 brands. In
privately held and do not publish 2020, we intend to expand the number
financial records, including turnover, of brands and retailers reviewed to 250.
which means we may not have
found them in our research. Just a quick note: we often use
the term 'brands' as short hand
Where brands are part of a parent for both brands and retailers.
company with annual turnover
over US$500 million, we have
selected the brand or brands
2%
that appear to make up the most declined the opportunity
significant part of their business. to complete the questionnaire
* In general, the scores for brands that are part of a parent company apply to all of the subsidiaries in
the parent company, not just the brands included in this report. There are some exceptions: for example,
George at ASDA and Walmart; Kering Group and LVMH.FASHION REVOLUTION | FASHION TRANSPARENCY INDEX 2019 26
A-Z OF BRANDS
= participated in brand questionarire
Abercrombie & Fitch Cole Haan Hudson's Bay (HBC) Mexx Speedo (Pentland Group)
Adidas (Adidas Group) Columbia Sportswear Hugo Boss Michael Kors (Capri Holdings) Sports Direct
Aeropostale Converse (Nike, Inc.) Intimissimi (Calzedonia Holding S.p.A.) Miu Miu (Prada Group) Steve Madden
ALDI Nord (ALDI Einkauf GmbH & Co. oHG) Cortefiel (Tendam) Ito-Yokado (SEVEN&I HLDGS.) Mizuno Stradivarius (Inditex)
ALDI SOUTH (ALDI Einkauf GmbH & Co. oHG) Costco - Kirkland Signature J.Crew Moncler Superdry (SuperGroup plc.)
ALDO (The Aldo Group Inc.) Debenhams Jack & Jones (BESTSELLER) Monoprix (Casino Group) Takko
Amazon Decathlon (Association Familiale Mulliez) JCPenney Monsoon Target
American Eagle (American Eagle Outfitters, Inc.) Desigual JD Sports (Pentland Group) MRP (Mr Price Group Limited) Tchibo
ANTA (ANTA International) Diane Von Furstenberg Jessica Simpson (Sequentional Brands Group) Muji (Ryohin Keikaku Group) Ted Baker
Anthropologie (URBN) Dick's Sporting Goods Joe Fresh (Loblaws Inc.) Neiman Marcus Tesco - F&F
Armani (Giorgio Armani S.p.A) Diesel (OTB Group) John Lewis New Balance Tezenis (Calzedonia Holding S.p.A.)
ASICS Dillards Jordan (Nike, Inc.) New Look (Brait) The North Face (VF Corporation)
ASOS Dior (LVMH) Kate Spade (Tapestry, Inc.) New York & Company (RTW Retailwinds, Inc.) Timberland (VF Corporation)
Banana Republic (Gap Inc.) Dolce & Gabbana KiK NewYorker TJ Maxx (TJX Companies Inc.)
Barneys New York Dressmann (VARNER) Kmart - Attention (Sears Holdings) Next Tod's
BCBGMAXAZRIA (Marquee Brands) DSW (Designer Brands) Kohl's Nike (Nike, Inc.) Tom Ford
Beanpole (Samsung C&T Fashion Group) Eddie Bauer (Golden Gate Capital) K-Way (BasicNet) Nine West Tom Tailor
Bershka (Inditex) El Corte Inglés Lacoste (Maus Frères) Nordstrom Tommy Bahama (Oxford Industries)
Bloomingdale's (Macy's Inc.) Elie Tahari Lands' End (Sears Holdings) Old Navy (Gap Inc.) Tommy Hilfiger (PVH)
Bonprix (Otto Group) Ermenegildo Zegna Levi Strauss & Co OVS Topshop (Arcadia Group)
boohoo Esprit Lidl Patagonia TOPVALU COLLECTION (AEON)
Bottega Veneta (Kering) Express Lindex (Stockmann) Pimkie Tory Burch
Brooks Brothers Falabella (S.A.C.I.Falabella) Li-Ning Prada (Prada Group) Triumph
Brunello Cucinelli Famous Footwear (Caleres) Liverpool (El Puerto de Liverpool) Primark (Associated British Foods) UGG (Deckers)
Buckle Fanatics (Kynetic) LL Bean Prisma (S Group) Under Armour
Burberry Fendi (LVMH) LOFT (Ann Inc.) Pull&Bear (Inditex) Uniqlo (Fast Retailing)
Burlington Foot Locker Longchamp Puma United Colors of Benetton
C&A Forever 21 Louis Vuitton (LVMH) Ralph Lauren Urban Oufitters (URBN)
Calvin Klein (PVH) Fossil (Fossil Group, Inc.) Lululemon Reebok (Adidas Group) Valentino
Calzedonia (Calzedonia Holding S.p.A.) Furla Macy's (Macy's Inc.) REVOLVe Van Heusen (PVH)
Carolina Herrera (Puig) Gap (Gap Inc.) Mammut (Conzzeta) River Island Vans (VF Corporation)
CAROLL (Vivarte) George at Asda (Walmart) Mango Ross Dress for Less Vero Moda (BESTSELLER)
Carrefour - TEX Gildan Marc Jacobs (LVMH) Russell Athletic (Fruit of the Loom) Versace (Capri Holdings)
CELINE (LVMH) G-Star RAW Marks & Spencer s.Oliver Very (Shop Direct)
Champion (Hanesbrands Inc.) Gucci (Kering) Marni (OTB Group) Sainsbury's - Tu Clothing Victoria's Secret (L Brands)
Chanel GUESS Massimo Dutti (Inditex) SAINT LAURENT (Kering) Walmart
Chico's H&M Matalan Saks Fifth Avenue (HBC) Wrangler (VF Corporation)
Claire's (Claire's Inc.) Hanes (Hanesbrands Inc.) Max Mara (MaxMaraFashionGroup) Salvatore Ferragamo Youngor (Youngor Group Company Limited)
Clarks (C&J Clark International Limited) Heilan Home (Helian Group Co.) Merrell (Wolverine World Wide) Sandro (SMCP) Zalando
COACH (Tapestry, Inc.) Hermès Metersbonwe Skechers Zara (Inditex) You can also read
