FARE AFFARI IN KAZAKHSTAN - Milano, 30 giugno 2015 - ore 9.30-13.00 Aspetti Legali Avv. Marco Tupponi Avv. Alessandro Russo
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FARE AFFARI IN KAZAKHSTAN
Milano, 30 giugno 2015 – ore 9.30-13.00
Aspetti Legali
Avv. Marco Tupponi
Avv. Alessandro Russo
1 1991 Indipendenza dall’Unione Sovietica
Programma Politico di Privatizzazioni a cui possono partecipare solo
cittadini Kazaki.
Riforme politiche:
Rimosso il controllo dei prezzi, ridotta l’influenza pubblica nell’economia,
incoraggiata la crescita nel settori industriali e di servizi, liberalizzato il
commercio estero, facilitato il trasferimento dei capitali, incoraggiati gli
investimenti stranieri, riforma fiscale e del sistema doganale (Unione
Doganale in atto con Russia, Bielorussia, Armenia, Kirghizistan).
Settori economici principali: PETROLIO E GAS
Carbone, minerali, acciaio, uranio, rame, nichel, cobalto, cromo
Il Kazakhstan ha sottoscritto accordi economici e politici con 110 Paesi:
In particolare:
2 i)1995 accordo di Partnership and Cooperation Agreement con l’UE per lo
sviluppo economico- politico
ii) 1994 (in vigore dal 1996): Bilateral Investment Treaty con
l’Italia
•
Protezione contro discriminazioni, requisizioni,
nazionalizzazione e diritto di risolvere controversie sugli
investimenti tramite arbitrato internazionale
3Verifica situazione economica-patrimoniale del cliente tramite informazioni
commerciali (Istituto commercio estero)
Rischio commerciale (fido cliente)
Rischio politico (analisi rischio paese)
Rating paese:
- S&P= BBB negativo
- Moody’s= Baa2 stabile
- Fitch= BBB+ stabile
Analisi sistema giudiziario e giuridico del Paese nel quale
risiede il cliente (analisi enforcement)
4Fonte generale per la facilità o meno di fare affari con il
paese nel quale risiede il cliente:
www.doingbusiness.org
Il Kazakhstan è 77esimo nella graduatoria 2014
Piano marketing, studio di fattibilità (ad esempio per costituzione joint-venture
locale), consulenza legale, fiscale e doganale
5APETTI CONTRATTUALI
SUBSECTION II. GENERAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING
AGREEMENTS
Chapter 22. The Definition and Conditions of Agreements
Article 378. The Definition of Agreement
1. An arrangement of two or several persons concerning the
establishment, amendment or cessation
of civil rights and obligations shall be recognized as agreement.
2. The rules for bilateral and multilateral transactions as stipulated
in Charter 4 of this Code, shall apply to agreements.
3. General provisions concerning agreements shall apply to
agreements concluded by more than two parties (multilateral
agreements), unless this contradicts the multilateral nature of such
agreements.
Article 380. Freedom of Contract
1. Citizens and legal entities shall be free in concluding
agreements. Compulsion to conclude an agreement shall not be
allowed, except for the cases where the obligation to conclude an
agreement is contemplated by this Code, legislative actors by the
obligation adopted voluntarily.
2. Parties may conclude agreements both as provided for and as
not provided for by legislation.
6Article 383. Agreements and Legislation
1. An agreement must comply with the rules which are obligatory
for the parties and which are
established by legislation (imperative rules), which are effective at
the moment of its conclusion.
2. When after the conclusion of an agreement, legislation
establishes for the parties the rules which are different from those
that were effective when the agreement was concluded, the terms
of the concluded agreement shall remain valid, except for the
cases where legislation establishes that it applies to the relations
which arose from the agreements concluded earlier.
Article 385. Price
1. Execution of an agreement shall be paid in accordance with the
price established by agreement of the parties.
In the cases which are stipulated by legislative acts, the prices
(tariffs, fees, rates, etc.) shall apply as established or regulated by
the state bodies authorized accordingly.
2. Changing prices after concluding agreements shall be allowed
in the cases and on the terms as specified in the agreement,
legislative acts, or in accordance with the procedure established by
legislative acts.
3. In the cases where, in a chargeable agreement, the price is not
stipulated and may not be determined on the basis of the
provisions of the agreement, it shall be deemed that the execution
of the agreement must be carried out at the price which, at the
moment of the conclusion of the agreement was usually charged
for similar goods, work and services under similar conditions.
7Article 389. Adherence Agreement
1. An agreement of which the conditions are determined by one of
the parties in pro-formas or any other standard forms and may be
adopted by the other party in no other way but by way of
adherence to the proposed agreement as a whole, shall be
recognized as an adherence agreement.
2. A party which adheres to an agreement shall have the right to
claim the dissolution of the agreement if the adherence agreement,
although does not contradict legislation, but deprives that party of
the rights which are usually granted in agreements of such a type,
excludes or restricts the liability of the other party for violation of
the obligations or contains other clearly onerous conditions for the
adhering party, which it would not accept on the basis of its
reasonably understood interests, should it have the possibility to
participate in defining the provisions of the agreement.
3. Where the circumstances exist as stipulated in paragraph 2 of
this Article, the claim to dissolve the agreement, made by the
party which had adhered to the agreement in connection with its
exercise of entrepreneurial activities, shall not be subject to
satisfaction, if the party which adhered knew or should have
known on which conditions it concluded the agreement.
Article 390. Preliminary Agreement
1. In accordance with a preliminary agreement, the parties assume
an obligation to conclude in the future an agreement on the
transfer of assets, performance of work or rendering services
(principal agreement) on the terms specified in the preliminary
agreement.
2. A preliminary agreement shall be concluded inthe form as
established by legislation for the principal agreement, and if the
pro-forma of the principal agreement is not established, then in
8writing.
Failure to comply with rules for the pro-forma of the preliminary
agreement shall entail its invalidity.
3. A preliminary agreement must contain the provisions which
allow the identification of the subject matter, and other material
conditions of the principal agreement.
4. In a preliminary agreement the period shall be indicated within
which the parties are obliged to conclude the principal agreement.
When such a period is not defined in the preliminary agreement,
the agreement envisaged by it shall be subject to conclusion within
one year from the moment of the conclusion of the preliminary
agreement.
5. In the cases where one party which concluded a preliminary
agreement evades the conclusion of the agreement which is
envisaged thereby, it shall be obliged to compensate the other
party for the losses incurred by that, unless it is otherwise
stipulated in legislation or the agreement.
6. The obligations which are stipulated in the preliminary
agreement shall terminate if prior to the
expiry of the period within which the parties must conclude the
principal agreement, it is not concluded,
or none of the parties sends to the counter-party the proposal to
conclude the agreement.
7. A letter of intent (agreement of intentions), unless it directly
provides for the intent of the parties to impart to it the status of a
preliminary agreement, shall not be deemed to be a civil law
agreement and failure to execute it shall not entail any legal
consequences.
9Le trattative pre-contrattuali DIFFERENZA CON IL
CONTRATTO PRELIMINARE
Documenti tipici scambiati nella fase delle trattative:
• Non disclosure agreement /secrecy agreement
• Letter of intent
• Memorandum of Understanding
• Gentleman agreement (DA NON UTILIZZARE IN
KAZAKHSTAN IN QUANTO TIPICO DEL COMMON LAW)
Chapter 23. Conclusion of an Agreement
Article 393. Material Terms of An Agreement
1. An agreement shall be deemed to be concluded when consensus
is reached between the parties in accordance with the required
form, on all the material terms of it.
The provisions concerning the subject-matter of the agreement,
the provisions which are recognized by legislation as material or
which are necessary for the agreements of that type, and also all
the provisions on which according to the application of either
party, consensus must be reached, shall be recognized as material
terms.
2. Where in accordance with legislative the conclusion of an
agreement requires a transfer of property, the agreement shall be
concluded from the moment of the transfer of that property.
10Article 394. Form of Agreements
1. If the parties agreed to conclude an agreement in certain form, it
shall be deemed to be concluded from the moment of imparting to
it the appropriate form, even if legislation does not require that
form for such type of agreements.
2. The written form of an agreement shall be deemed to be
complied with, if the written offer to conclude the agreement is
accepted in accordance with the procedure provided for by
paragraph 3 of Article 396 of this Code.
Article 395. Offer
1. A proposal to conclude an agreement, which is made to one or
several specific persons, provided it is sufficiently definite and
expresses the intent of the person who made the proposal to deem
himself bound in case of its adoption (acceptance), shall be
recognized as offer. A proposal shall be deemed to be sufficiently
definite, if it contains the material terms of the agreement and the
procedure for their determination.
2. An offer shall bind the person who sends it from the moment of
its receipt by the addressee.
When the notice of revoking an offer is received earlier than or
simultaneously with the offer itself, the offer shall be deemed to
be not received.
3. An offer received by the addressee may not be revoked during
the period which is established for its acceptance, unless it is
otherwise stipulated in the offer itself, or ensues from the essence
of the proposal or the situation in which it was made.
4. Advertisements and other proposals which are addressed to an
indefinite circle of persons shall be considered as an invitation to
make an offer, unless it is otherwise stipulated in the proposal.
5. A proposal which contains all the substantial terms of the
11agreement, from which the will of the person who is making the
proposal is understandable, to conclude the agreement on the
terms specified in the proposal with anyone who responds, shall
be recognized as an offer (public offer).
Article 396. Acceptance
1. The response of a person to whom the offer is addressed, about
accepting it shall be recognized as acceptance.
Acceptance must be entire and unconditional.
2. Silence shall not be recognized as acceptance, unless it
otherwise ensues from the legislative act, tradition of business
practice or previous business relations of the parties.
3. The commitment by the person who received an offer, within
the period which is established for its acceptance, of the actions to
implement the provisions of the agreement which are indicated in
it (shipment of goods, rendering of services, performing work,
payment of the appropriate amount etc.),
shall be recognized as acceptance, unless it is otherwise stipulated
in legislation or indicated in the offer.
4. If a notice of revocation of the acceptance is received by the
person who sent the offer, earlier or simultaneously with the
acceptance itself, the acceptance shall be deemed not received.
Article 397. The Procedure for Concluding Agreements
1. When an offer contains a deadline for its acceptance, the
agreement shall be deemed to be concluded, if the acceptance is
received (è il PRINCIPIO di RICEZIONE proprio del diritto
Tedesco) by the person who sent the offer within the period
indicated in it.
2. Where a written offer does not contain any deadlines for the
12acceptance, the agreement shall be deemed to be concluded if the
acceptance is received by the person who sent the offer, prior to
the expiry
of the period established by legislation, and if such period is not
established, - within the time which is reasonably required for that.
When an offer is made orally without any indication of the period
for its acceptance, the agreement shall be deemed to be concluded,
if the other party immediately declares its acceptance.
3. In the cases where a notice of acceptance timely sent is received
with a delay, the acceptance shall not be considered late, if the
party which sent the offer does not immediately notify the other
party of receiving the acceptance with a delay.
If the party which sent the offer immediately notifies the other
party that the acceptance of the offer has been received with a
delay, the agreement shall be deemed to be concluded.
4. The response of consent to conclude the agreement on the
conditions different than those proposed in the offer, shall not be
recognized as an acceptance. Such response shall be recognized as
a refusal from the offer and at the same time it shall be a new
offer.
Article 398. The Place of Concluding an Agreement
When an agreement does not specify the place of its conclusion,
the agreement shall be deemed to be concluded in the place of
residence of the citizen or in the place of location of the legal
entity which sent the offer.
Article 399. Concluding Agreements in an Obligatory Procedure
1. In the cases, where in accordance with this Code or any other
legislative acts, the conclusion of an agreement is obligatory for
one of the parties, that party must send to the other party the notice
13of acceptance, or of the refusal to accept, or of acceptance of the
offer (draft agreement) on different terms (protocol of differences
to the draft agreement) within thirty days from the date of the
receipt of the offer, unless a different period is established by
legislation or is agreed by the parties.
2. The party which sent an offer and received from the party for
which the conclusion of the agreement is obligatory a notice of
acceptance on different terms (protocol of differences to the draft
agreement), shall have the right to enter the disputes which arose
in concluding the agreement, to a court for its consideration within
thirty days from the date of the receipt of such notice, or upon
expiry of the period for the acceptance, unless legislation
concerning specific types of agreements establishes a different
period.
3. In the cases where in respect of a draft agreement sent by one
party for which the conclusion of the agreement is obligatory, a
protocol of differences concerning the draft agreement is received,
that party shall be obliged within thirty days from the date of the
receipt of the protocol of differences to notify the other party of
the acceptance of the agreement in that party's version or of
declining the protocol of differences.
When declining a protocol of differences or in the case of failure
to receive the notice concerning the results of its consideration,
within an indicated period, the party which sent the protocol of
differences, shall have the right to enter the differences which
arose in the conclusion of the agreement for the consideration of
the court, unless legislation concerning specific types of
agreements establishes otherwise.
4. When a party, for which in accordance with this Code or any
other legislative acts, the conclusion of an agreement is obligatory,
is evading its conclusion, the other party shall have the right to
appeal to the court with the claim to compel to conclude the
agreement.
14The party which unreasonably evaded the conclusion of an
agreement must to compensate to the other party for the losses
caused by the refusal to conclude the agreement.
LA LEGGE APPLICABILE AL CONTRATTO
A) DAL PUNTO DI VISTA DELL’UNIONE
EUROPEA
Il Regolamento CE n.593/2008 del 17 giugno 2008 sulla legge
applicabile alle obbligazioni contrattuali
Vendita:
art.4 (a) «Il contratto di vendita è disciplinato dalla
legge del paese nel quale il venditore ha la residenza
abituale..»
art.4 (b) «Il contratto di prestazione di servizi è
disciplinato dalla legge del paese nel quale il prestatore di
servizi ha la residenza abituale»
Inoltre:
Il contratto di agenzia è regolato dalla legge del paese ove ha
sede l’agente
Il contratto di distribuzione è regolato dalla legge del paese
ove ha sede il distributore
B) IL KAZAKHSTAN HA CONDIVISO IL PRINCIPIO DEL
CODICE CIVILE RUSSO CHE ALL’ART. 1210 e SEGG.
Ribadisce IL “PRINCIPIO, NEL SILENZIO DELLE PARTI,
DELLA LEGGE DOVE SI SVOLGE LA PRESTAZIONE
15CARATTERISTICA che è lo stesso che si applicava all’art.
4 secondo comma della Convenzione UE di Roma sulla
Legge applicabile alle Obbligazioni contrattuali ora sostituito
dal già citato Reg. n. 563 del 17 giugno 2008.
LA LEGGE APPLICABILE AL CONTRATTO
DAL PUNTO DI VISTA DEL KAZAKHSTAN
Il Codice civile Kazako consente che il contratto tra
parte kazaka e parte straniera sia regolato dalla legge
straniera (Freedom of the contract).
Non consentito tra due parti kazake
CONTRATTI COMMERCIALI
VENDITA:
• IL KAZAKHSTAN NON ADERISCE ALLA
CONVENZIONE DELLE NAZIONI UNITE SULLA
VENDITA INTERNAZIONALE DI MERCI
(VIENNA,1980)
• CONSEGUENZE OPERATIVE
In caso di vendita predisporre un testo contrattuale che preveda,
almeno, le seguenti clausole essenziali:
Merci oggetto di vendita con parametri di conformità -
! attenzione alla normativa tecnica nell’Unione Doganale.
16 Prezzo, pagamento mediante credito documentario
Garanzie sul rischio di mancato pagamento
Consegna: Incoterms 2010 (modo e luogo), tempo della
consegna e franchigia con tutele per il ritardo
Garanzia di conformità merci / impianti
Legge applicabile: Convenzione Onu su vendita int.
(Vienna,1980) e legge italiana molto difficile da ottenere e
comunque far sì che il contratto, in base al principio
FREEDOM OF THE CONTRACT sia “self regulatory”.
Risoluzione controversie (clausola arbitrale)
Valutare assicurazione
CONTRATTI COMMERCIALI
• Agenzia
Article 166. Commercial Representation
1. The person who permanently and independently represents
entrepreneurs in their concluding agreements (a commercial
representative), shall act on the basis of a written agreement
which contains indications of the authority of the
representative, and in the case where such indications do not
exist,- also of the power of attorney.
2. A commercial representative may at the same time
represent the interests of various parties of an agreement
which is concluded with his participation. In that respect, he
shall be obliged to execute the instructions given to him with
the diligence of a usual entrepreneur.
3. A commercial representative shall have the right to claim
payment of the remuneration owed and the expenses incurred
by him when executing the instructions of the parties to the
17agreement in equal shares, unless it is otherwise stipulated in
the agreement between them.
4. A commercial representative shall be obliged to keep secret
the information which became known to him concerning
commercial transactions, also after the implementation of the
assignment entrusted to him.
5. Special considerations concerning commercial
representation in certain spheres of entrepreneurial activity
shall be established by legislation.
• Distribuzione
• Franchising previsto dalla Law 330-II of June 24, 2002 e
Artt. 896 e ss. Civil Code
CONCESSIONE IN USO DI UNA FORMULA
COMMERCIALE /KNOW HOW E DIRITTI DI
PROPRIETA’ INTELLETUALE VERSO UN
CORRISPETTIVO LIBERAMENTE DETERMINABILE.
LA LEGGE NON PRECISA LE MODALITA’ DEL
CORRISPETTIVO:
VIENE STABILITO DALLE PARTI: Royalty, LUMP SUM,
gratuito, altro
Soggetti dell’accordo:
Affiliante: concede i diritti di una determinata attività
economica ad altro
soggetto «affiliato»
Supporto Statale allo sviluppo del franchising attraverso:
Programmi di sviluppo/Normative legali ad hoc/Privilegi e
garanzie/Servizi di consulenza/ Pubblicità/Controllo dello
18Sviluppo e dell’osservanza della legge
FRANCHISOR:
Utilizzare i diritti concessi nel modo indicato nell’accordo
Concedere la possibilità all’affiliante di effettuare qualsiasi
controllo sullo svolgimento dell’attività
Non divulgare informazioni segrete nemmeno se si risolve
il contatto
Informare i consumatori che usa il nome e il marchio in
forza di licenza
Non partecipare ad attività in concorrenza con quelle
dell’affiliante
Non trasferire a terzi i diritti concessi
Effettuare i pagamenti tempestivamente
Assicurare la qualità del lavoro
FRANCHISEE
• Trasferire diritti, tecniche e documentazione
commerciale
• Svolgere attività di formazione e consulenza
all’affiliato
• Non divulgare informazioni dell’affiliato
19PROPRIETA’ INTELLETTUALE
Il K. ha aderito a numerose convenzioni internazionali sulla
protezione della proprietà intellettuale
Tutele:
• Copyright Law: diritto d’autore protetto per 70 anni dopo
morte
• Trademark law: 10 anni rinnovabile per altri 10
• Patent Law: 20 anni
FUNZIONAMENTO DELLA GIUSTIZIA
Tre livelli (Corte Suprema, Corti Regionali, Corti
distrettuali)
Tempo per definire una lite in primo grado:
370 giorni =30°posto
(Italia: 1185gg = 160°posto)
Costo legali 22% della domanda, spese
di giustizia 8,5%.
Possibilitàdi Mediazione prima e durante il processo
20ARBITRATO
La clausola arbitrale nel contratto tra le parti
La Convenzione di New York (NY,1958) sul
riconoscimento e l’esecuzione dei lodi arbitrali stranieri
Spazio giuridico di applicazione
Il Kazakhstan aderisce alla Convenzione di NY 1958 dal
1995. Tuttavia, l’applicazione è contradditoria.
Infatti le corti di giustizia kazake sono riluttanti a eseguire
il lodo contro il governo o contro una influente compagnia
kazaka.
SI CONSIGLIA: Strategia contrattuale / mezzo di pagamento
Nel 2004 vengono istituiti:
Arbitration Courts Law: solo tra soggetti kazaki
(Una filiale kazaka di un società straniera è considerata kazaka)
International Commercial Arbitration Law: una parte è
straniera
Tuttavia, per una risoluzione della CORTE SUPREMA,
vincolante per le corti locali i tribunali kazaki possono
rimandare l’esecuzione di lodi arbitrali sia stranieri sia
domestici
21RICONOSCIMENTO SENTENZE STRANIERE
Riconoscimento sentenza straniera solo a condizione che vi
sia un trattato in materia con il paese nel quale è stata resa la
sentenza da riconoscere in Kazakhstan
- NESSUN TRATTATO CON PAESE UE
- NESSUN TRATTATO MULTILATERALE SU
RICONOSCIMENTO SENTENZE STRANIERE
TIPI DI SOCIETA’:
1. GENERAL PARTNERSHIPS (SOCIETÀ NOME
COLLETTIVO) Art. 63 C.C.
2. LIMITED PARTNERSHIP (SOCIETÀ IN
ACCOMANDITA SEMPLICE) Art. 72 C.C.
3. LIMITED LIABILITY PARTNERSHIP (SRL) Art. 77 C.C.
4. PARTNERSHIP WITH ADDITIONAL LIABILITY Art. 84
C.C.
5. JOIN STOCK COMPANIES (SPA) Art. 85 C.C.
Riferimenti giuridici
Civil Code con all’interno come per il Codice civile od italiano
anche la normativa del diritto commerciale
Law on Limited and Additional Liability Partnership 22/04/1998
22Law on Joint Stock Companies 13/05/2003
PROCEDIMENTI OPERATIVE PER COSTITUIRE UNA
SOCIETA’
Domanda all’autorità competente
- Certificato di registrazione della società madre (se filiale o
sede di rappresentanza)
- Tax registration number della società
- Pagamento spese registrazione (78 $, se small 24$)
- Registrazione capitale sociale (500,00 per un
fondatore straniero)
- Tutti i documenti devono essere firmati da Notaio con
Apostille nel proprio paese e tradotti in Kazako o Russo
Stabilita la sede/filiale occorre svolgere le seguenti formalità:
- Partita iva se fatturato annuale supera 327,973 $
- Sigillo
- Apertura conto corrente
Tempi: 2-3 settimane
LIMITED LIABILITY PARTNERSHIP
• Capitale sociale minimo: 1.195,00 $ (se small
0,6)
• I soci non sono direttamente responsabili per le obbligazioni:
il rischio è limitato ai loro conferimenti
• Il trasferimento di quote a terze parti è soggetto diritto di
prelazione
23• Uno o più soci senza limiti
JOINT STOCK COMPANIES
• Capitale sociale minimo: 597,419 $
• I soci non sono responsabili per le obbligazioni della società
e assumono il loro rischio è limitato alle loro quote
• Illimitato numero di shareholders
• Quote liberamente trasferibili
• Uno o più soci senza limiti
LAW OF LICENCING
OBBLIGO
per esercitare le attività economiche occorre specifica
autorizzazione governativa.
Viene evasa in 15 giorni dalla richiesta (30 giorni con
riferimento a energia atomica, finanze, import/export per i
prodotti soggetti a controllo export)
Per regola generale gli stranieri sono soggetti alle stesse
condizioni dei kazaki
Operare senza licenza comporta:
- RESPONSABILITÀ AMMINISTRATIVA E PENALE
- INVALIDITÀ DELLE TRANSAZIONI
- LIQUIDAZIONE COATTA
24AUTORITA’ CHE RILASCIANO LE LICENZE:
COSTRUZIONI Ministro dello Sviluppo
ATTIVITA FINANZIARIE Comitato di controllo e
supervisione del mercato finanziario e organizzazioni
finanziarie della Banca Nazionale
ENERGIA ELETTRICA Agenzia per la
Regolamentazione Monopoli Naturali
ENERGIA ATOMICA Comitato per l’Energia Atomica
TELECOMUNICAZIONI Comitato per
Comunicazioni e Informazioni del Ministro dei
Trasporti e delle Comunicazioni
TV/RADIO Comitato per Informazioni e Archivi del
Ministro della Cultura e Informazione
REAL ESTATE E ADVOCACY Comitato per
registrazione dei servizi e Disposizioni di Assistenza
Legale del Ministro della Giustizia
ATTIVITA DI INSEGNAMENTO Comitato per la
supervisione dell’educazione e Scienze del Ministro di
Educazione e Scienza
TRASPORTI Ministro di Trasporti e Comunicazioni
INGEGNERIA AMBIENTALE Ministro Ambiente
AUDITING/REVISIONE Comitato di
Controllo Finanziario del Ministro delle
Mfinanze INDUSTRIA DEL
BENESSERE E FARMACEUTICA
Dipartimento della Sanità INDUSTRIA
25CHIMICA E MINERARIA Ministro
dell’Industria e Nuove Tecnologie
SICUREZZA Ministro dell’interno
PETROLIO E GAS Ministro di Petrolio e Gas
TECNICHE DI CRITTOGRAFIA Comitato di Sicurezza
Nazionale
LA LISTA, CAMBIA CONTINUAMENTE, A SECONDA
DELLE ESIGENZE POLITICHE, NEL MOMENTO
ATTUALE SI STA RIDUCENDO. TUTTAVIA PARE
CONSIGLIABILE, PRIMA DI INTRAPRENDERE
UN’ATTIVITÀ FORMULARE RICHIESTA ESPRESSA AL
GOVERNO CHIEDENDO SE OCCORRA O MENO LA
LICENZA PER IL PRODOTTO/ATTIVITÀ INTERESSATA.
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