EXPANDING MINDS, HEARTS AND WORLDS AT MAFLA FALL CONFERENCE
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
NEWSLETTER Expanding Minds, Hearts And Worlds At MaFLA Fall Conference by Kathy Turner believes that art – in its many forms – has Seal of Biliteracy. a unique way of opening our eyes to the The annual Business and Awards world. This notion permeated all aspects Luncheon is the culminating event of the of the Conference. Attendees examined Conference. During the business portion the role that the arts can play in their cur- of the program, members voted on a slate ricula during workshops and sessions on of directors to serve on next year’s Board. the integration of arts into the classroom, This was also the time to honor colleagues Spanish immersion through Latin dance, and their students for the outstanding con- comprehensible input through film, and tributions that they make to our profession, Guadeloupean identity through the eyes of to award scholarships, and to announce the a filmmaker. One of the Conference high- recipients of MaFLA’s three highest acco- lights was the keynote address given by lades: the Foreign Language Teacher of the Richard Blanco, President Obama’s Inau- Year, the Distinguished Service Award, and gural Poet. He eloquently and passionately the Friend of Foreign Languages Award. shared anecdotes and poems that reflected This year’s Teacher of the Year is Rebecca his linguistic and cultural journey as a Cu- Blouwolff, a middle school French teacher in Wellesley. Phyllis Dragonas presented the Distinguished Service Award to Marty Abbott, ACTFL’s Executive Director, to The Sheraton Springfield Monarch recognize her lifelong commitment to the Place Hotel welcomed more than 700 promotion of foreign language education. foreign language educators from Massa- Nicole Sherf presented Arthur Chou with chusetts, New England, and beyond for the Friend of Foreign Languages Award for three days of inspirational professional the role that he played in the Massachusetts development from October 25 through implementation of the Seal of Biliteracy. 27. MaFLA’s 51st Fall Conference had a At the conclusion of the Business and full program of four 6-hour workshops, Awards Luncheon, 2019 Conference Chair three 4-hour workshops, eleven 3-hour Beckie Rankin unveiled next year’s Fall workshops and more than one hundred and Conference theme: Level Up Your Lan- twenty 75-minute sessions. Nationally re- ban American. guage Education. Please visit www.mafla. knowned presenters and talented local fa- The MaFLA Fall Conference was not org to learn more about the exciting details vorites shared their expertise on everything only about attending workshops and ses- of next year’s event and/or to submit a pro- from proficiency-based instruction, com- sions. There were many opportunities to posal to present a session. prehensible input, and effective feedback connect with old friends and make new to brain breaks, the Seal of Biliteracy, and ones at meals, in the Exhibit Hall, at the children’s literature. Members’ Reception, in Zumba class, and Jeanne O’Hearn, 2018 Conference at the Business and Awards Luncheon. Chair, chose the theme of Learn A New This year the Members’ Reception doubled Language: Expand Your Mind, Expand as a celebration of the successful vote by Your Heart, Expand Your World. Jeanne the Massachusetts legislature to adopt the MASSACHUSETTS FOREIGN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION Vol. XL, NO.4 End of Year, 2018
MaFLA Board of Directors 2018 Officers Directors Coordinators President TERESA BENEDETTI (2018) Membership KATHLEEN M. TURNER Minnechaug High School MADELYN GONNERMAN TORCHIN Sharon High School LOUISSA ADBELGHANY (2018) Tufts University Salem State University Events President Elect BRITTA ROPER (2019) JOYCE BECKWITH JORGE ALLEN Andover Public Schools KIM TALBOT (2019) Communications Melrose Public Schools RONIE R. WEBSTER First Vice President HELENA ALFONZO (2020) Monson High School JEANNE L. O’HEARN Newton South High School Advocacy Masconomet Regional Middle School JULIE CALDARONE (2020) TED ZARROW Boston Public Schools Westwood High School Second Vice President REBEKAH RANKIN SARAH MOGHTADER (2020) Programming Runkle School CATHERINE RITZ Lexington High School Boston University CARLOS-LUIS BROWN (2020) Clerk Wilmington Public Schools Exhibits DEBRA HEATON PAT DIPILLO (2021) DOMINIQUE TROTIN Salem High School Falmouth High School Holliston Public Schools KATHLEEN EGAN (2021) Website Treasurer Dover Sherborn Middle School LARRY WEBSTER MARYANN E. BRADY Rivier University SHENG-CHU LU (2021) Pingree School Adjunct Presidential Appointees ANNA TIRONE, Winchester High School NICOLE SHERF, Salem State University TIM EAGAN, Wellesley Public Schools MEMBERSHIP INFORMATION The MaFLA Newsletter Membership in MaFLA is open to anyone interested in the learn- The MaFLA Newsletter is the official publication of the Massachusetts ing and teaching of languages. The basic membership runs one Foreign Language Association. It is published four times per year - year from date of inception. There are four categories of mem- Winter, Spring, Back To School, and End of Year. MaFLA welcomes bership - Individual, Student, Retired, and First-Year Teachers. short articles, anecdotes, brief reviews of books and other teaching materials, and other items of interest to members of the profession. Individual memberships: The opinions expressed by the authors of articles published in this $45.00 for 1 year newsletter are their own and are not necessarily shared or endorsed $120.00 for 3 years by MaFLA or its Board of Directors. New Teacher Memberships (first year in the profession) $25.00 Retired memberships: $25.00 per year Deadlines are: Student memberships: $15.00 per year Winter - January 5 Back to School - August 5 For more info and/or a membership application packet, contact: Spring - March 5 End of Year - November 5 Madelyn Gonnerman Torchin All submissions should be sent to: membership@mafla.org PO BOX 590193 Ronie R. Webster Email: ronie@mafla.org Newton Centre, MA 02459 41 Glenn Drive Wilbraham, MA 01095-1439 Now you can join, renew or update your Tel: 413-596-9284 profile online! Just visit mafla.org. Taking advantage of your MaFLA membership this year, you have enjoyed outstanding professional development events: the Core Practices Seminars, Diversity Day, Proficiency Academy, the Summer Institute, and the Jubilee Con- ference! Listen to our members who tell us “This PD! I love the presenters and meeting other teachers with the same interests. We have formed a group to continue our learning!” (Summer Institute participant). Come experience the learning, the camaraderie, and the sheer fun of being a MaFLA member! 2 2018 MaFLA Newsletter
From The Editor’s Desk by Ronie R. Webster Winter Greetings! As we approach the winter holidays and the beginning of the new year, many of us reflect on the past year. It certain- ly has been a banner year for MaFLA PD. We started the year with a very success- ful Core Practices Program in March. In May, many of our members enriched their skills and knowledge at our annual Diver- sity Day. Summer saw record attendance at our 4th consecutive Proficiency Academy, fol- lowed by our two and a half day Summer Institute which is always a popular PD event for so many of our members. As the school year began so did what I call “conference season”. In October, I re- So as we wind down this year, I send that growth-mindset and MaFLA members connected with my MaFLA colleagues at out a big THANK YOU to all of my won- and colleagues consistently demonstrate this. another outstanding MaFLA Fall Confer- derful colleagues! Don’t miss the MaFLA Educator in ence and in November I traveled to New The theme for this issue of the News- the Spotlight, the articles about all of the Orleans for the ACTFL Conference. Each letter is Always Expanding Our Repertoires! various MaFLA Awards, the in-depth ar- of these events was memorable and each We asked our members how they have ticle about Teaching for Proficiency in the one has helped me to improve my skills and expanded their repertoires through PD this L2 classroom, the Seal of Biliteracy update to impact positively my teaching. year. We wanted to know what they took and most of all, be sure to read the Notes It seems that foreign language col- away from their PD, whether that PD was to the Profession by 2019 MaFLA Confer- leagues are special. They continually share simply reading a professional article or ence Chair Beckie Rankin. You can already their knowledge and expertise and inspire book or participating in a workshop, con- submit your proposal for the 2019 MaFLA each other as foreign language profession- ference or program. This issue has numer- Conference whose theme will be Level Up als to stay in the forefront of the education- ous article about professional growth and Your Language Education. Proposals can al field. what it has offered to our members. be submitted on the MaFLA.org website. As I think back on this year of excep- If you missed our conference or if Click here. It is that easy. tional PD, I have come up with 2 important you were there and want to continue your The deadline for our January issues is questions. learning, we have some great articles about January 5, 2019. Our theme is Advocating First of all, why can I attend workshops workshops and conference strands with and Teacher Leaders. over and over again presented by the same resources and ideas. Check out those arti- Here are some possible topics. individuals and each time learn so much to cles (even those from languages you do not teach). In these articles you will find in- • How can we all be teacher leaders? improve myself? I believe it is because they, How are you a teacher leader? like myself, are life-long learners and each formation on what was offered, topics and time they present they offer new and inno- resources shared and find out the names of • How can we keep our programs vi- vative tidbits to whet our curiosity. the various presenters. If you want to learn brant and attractive to students? My second question is why do I look more about some of these topics or if you • How has online learning impacted forward to “conference season” so much have questions, you can contact them to ex- our programs? What have we learned when it really is a stressful time trying to pand or continue your learning. from these programs? gather lesson plans for three classes for I believe that the passion and desire to • Where will the next generation of 84 minute blocks over the two days that I be life-long learners and to continually ex- world language teachers come from? will be out of the classroom? Oh, and of pand our toolkits is perfectly summed up in How can we work to be certain that course, these classes will be taught by sub- the article by Mike Travers, a first time pre- there are enough teachers to meet the needs? What can we do or what are stitutes who do not know Spanish at all? senter at MaFLA. He states that he always we doing to encourage our students So what is my Why? It is the enthusiasm, leaves the conference with a feeling of hope and others to become world language the learning, the sharing of ideas and ma- for new methods to teach, and excitement teachers? terials that come from my outstanding FL as we continue our own paths to proficency. colleagues. As Mike states in his article, we need to have Let your ideas be heard! End of Year 3
MaFLA’s Educator In The Spotlight An interview with Ashley Uyaguari, Middle School Spanish Teacher Ashley Uyaguari may be best known 3. Can you comment on the role Using the digital portfolios as evi- to MaFLA members for her podcast In- of play and movement in your dence, we guide students in self-assessment, spired Proficiency, so we wanted to get classroom? self-reflection and goal setting throughout to know the details of the rest of her ca- their three years in our program. Through The desk-free space allows me to en- this process they take ownership of their reer. Since 2010 she has been a middle gage the students in play and movement language acquisition journey and gain a school Spanish teacher at the Innovation every day. And it is really the core of what strong understanding of the ACTFL profi- Academy Charter School in Tyngsboro we do. We move around as we transition ciency levels as well as how they are grow- and prior taught for three years at the from activity to activity, and also move ing through them. from different pairs and groups to interact Alvirne High School in Hudson, New with each other and the language. Games Hampshire. She has also taught at the 5. From conversations with you, I can and play allow us to have a shared context middle school and high school level in to interact with one another authentically tell that you value getting to know Ecuador. in the language, and to talk and write about your students. Can you talk about after playing. an opportunity you have had to get to know students outside of your 4. How has proficiency-based classroom? And, let us know why instruction changed assessment? you value close relationships with students? Our digital portfolio system is some- I think that building relationships with thing I’ve shared with many teachers students and being a trusting adult in their through workshops and webinars. It’s lives who believes in them is the most im- something I’m really excited about! We’ve portant thing we do as teachers. I think one advocated for changes to assessment prac- reason I value this so much is because it was tices over the last six years, so that we now important to me as I was growing up. report out on each students’ proficiency growth based on evidence in their digital Also, when I have relationships with portfolios. students, it’s much simpler to ask them to do things like avoid English in class, take risks With proficiency, we want to see what and trust me with the plans I’ve created. I students CAN do, not what they can’t do. don’t think we could accomplish much at all Traditional tests and quizzes, tend to fo- without the community building and rela- cus on what students miss. So, when we 1. Tell us a little about yourself. tionship building that I make a priority at switched to proficiency, we knew we needed the start of each year, and through the year. I live in NH with my two sons and to change up assessment, too. We now col- husband. I love my job, and sharing what lect language samples from the students over I get to work with students outside of I do with other teachers through profes- time. The samples come from open-ended the Spanish classroom through our advi- sional development, social media and my prompts and cover a variety of topics that sory program, which is a passion of mine podcast. I teach 6th-8th grade Spanish and aren’t taught within traditional units. I can tell you about another time. Another work with incredible teachers and adminis- tration. I enjoy reading, listening to books and podcasts, watching my kids play sports and playing cards and board games! 2. What does your ideal classroom look like? It’s a class that is free of distractions like desks, English and backpacks and full of face Their portfolios consist of six im- time I get to see students outside of class is to face human interaction, comprehensible promptu videos of them speaking on a vari- during trips to Monteverde, Costa Rica. input and play. The classes are communities ety of topics, four writing prompts, and two where we interact in the target language; mini-OPI inspired interviews with their 6. What do you tell your students where Spanish is being practically applied teachers per year. Over three years, you can before they do their family stays in every day within our class community. imagine it’s exciting to be able to see their Costa Rica? growth! 4 2018 MaFLA Newsletter
MaFLA’s Educator In The Spotlight An interview with Ashley Uyaguari, Middle School Spanish Teacher My colleague, Stel Schmalz, is the heart form that wasn’t overcrowded like blogging port for yourself. It wasn’t a point either of and soul behind our Costa Rica trips! I’m seemed to be. us had thought of before and it came from so thankful she’s made this a part of our So, after that inspiring conversation, I our conversation which was really exciting. program. When we send students off to be researched what equipment, software, and Another one I’ll mention is when talk- with their host families, we remind them editing support I would need, and launched ing to Kristopher Morehead about how to that they have the skills to express them- a kickstarter to fund the first season. Since avoid teacher burnout, I realized that so selves even when they don’t have the spe- then Inspired Proficiency has released 20 many teachers are experiencing burnout. cific vocab they need. We remind them that episodes and almost 30,000 downloads. It’s Since then it’s been a mission of mine to their commitment to the target language been incredible to learn from so many in- inspire teachers to find balance between for these nine days will make a huge differ- spiring guests and to be able to share some work and life, and to be a better model of ence in their language proficiency. And of of my ideas with listeners, too. that myself. course, we remind them that we are here for them and will spend time with them every 8. Give us one of the best realizations Joshua Cabral also reminded me that day. It’s really been amazing to support so you had when interviewing a guest when I respond to the form of what a stu- many students through this experience. for your podcast. dent says instead of the message, I am ig- noring what the student wants to say. And 7. Tell us how you got the Podcast Just one? There have been so many! that message is more important. There is a from an idea to a reality. I think a big one was when I was talk- time and place for practice and form, but Last year I was in Nashville for ACT- ing with Ruth Whalen Crockett for episode that it can be extremely valuable to respond FL and was at a whiskey bar with my friend 7 of season 1. She was talking about how to the message and not the form when in- Becky. We were listening to the fantas- teachers need to find a support system to teracting with students. tic live music and talking about all these surround themselves with. Through that conversation, we realized teachers could I knew that this podcast would be a amazing conversations that happen at con- good resource for teachers, but it’s been ex- ferences like MaFLA, OFLA and ACTFL. take the step to support others first and that would likely lead to finding their own sup- citing to experience how much I am learning And we thought: Hey! These conversations from the process of interviewing so many shouldn’t just be isolated to these confer- port systems. When you take that step to support others, you build a network of sup- teachers. I grow with each episode I create. ence experiences. And we started talking about how we could bring conversations to teachers through a podcast! It seemed un- likely, but the more we talked about it, the more we thought, why not? I had been blogging, leading work- shops and sharing a lot on social media and the idea of a podcast was appealing. It would be a chance to promote the work of many amazing teachers, share these ideas at no-cost to the listener and it was a plat- End of Year 5
MaFLA’s Distinguished Service Award 2018 Presented by Phyllis J. Dragonas, Ph.D. Martha G. Abbott sions. It is under Marty’s leadership that for seven years. Before joining the ACTFL ACTFL has established many initiatives team in an official capacity, she was the Di- adopted by the state language associations rector of Secondary Education and Coordi- including MaFLA. To mention a few they nator of Foreign Languages in the Fairfax are the proficiency guidelines, performance County Virginia Public Schools. indicators and proficiency assessments. In recognition of Marty’s accomplish- As Director of Lead with Lan- ments and professional visibility, President guages and Co-Chair of The Year of Barack Obama appointed Marty in 2016 Languages, Marty has given much to the National Security Education Board, support to advocacy through public aware- which is composed of eight cabinet level ness. It is also under Marty’s direction that appointees, and six presidentially appoint- ACTFL took the lead in establishing the ed members who advise the National Secu- guidelines for the Seal of Biliteracy, presently rity Education Program. Marty’s appoint- active in at least 30 states across the nation. ment to this Board sends a strong message In July, 2018, National Public Ra- regarding the importance of global and lin- dio, through Boston’s WBUR National guistic competence in the 2lst century. Broadcasting, conducted a week-long se- In view of Marty’s numerous achieve- ries focused on foreign languages where ments and positions of leadership in the Marty Abbott was invited to comment on profession, Marty is a kind, friendly and language learning in this country. It was unassuming person who is well-liked and Distinguished Guests, MaFLA Mem- live news which was distributed nationally. respected, and who reluctantly accepts bers, Colleagues and Friends: Marty has held a number of leadership credit for her professional endeavors and On behalf of the Massachusetts Foreign positions within professional organizations accomplishments. Language Association, it is an honor for me to on the state and national levels. She has Nevertheless, it is appropriate at this be asked to present the 2018 MaFLA Distin- been President of the Foreign Language time that MAFLA recognize the untiring guished Service Award to Ms. Martha G. Ab- Association of Virginia; Chair of the North- and relentless efforts and achievements of bott, our nationally renowned, accomplished east Conference on the Teaching of Foreign this true leader and national advocate of and dedicated leader of the Foreign Language Languages; President of ACTFL, and most foreign languages by presenting to Marty profession, who is most qualified and worthy recently President of the Joint National Abbott the coveted MaFLA 2018 Distin- of this recognition. Marty is the Executive Council on Languages, JNCL. guished Service Award with our sincere Director of ACTFL, the American Council As a distinguished alumna of the Uni- thanks and congratulations. on the Teaching of Foreign Languages, which versity of Mary Washington, Marty was in- Last but not least, please accept our best is the largest national organization for lan- ducted as an honorary member of Phi Beta wishes as you complete your period of ser- guage education professionals representing Kappa. She was also appointed to a four- year vice as Executive Director of ACTFL, and all languages from every level of instruction. term to the University’s Board of Trustees. take with you the power of all of the rela- Marty Abbott has been committed to Prior to her current position as Exec- tionships that you have been part of in this serving the ACTFL membership as the ad- utive Director of ACTFL since 2011, Marty professionally dedicated and friendly com- vocate for language education which should served as ACTFL’s Director of Education munity of foreign language education. be central to the curriculum in our schools, colleges and universities, especially where our country holds a prominent position in the global community. Under Marty’s leadership, ACTFL’s strategic plan has been emphasizing its ever expanding mission and vision. In sharing her passion for language proficiency she believes that advocacy for language pro- grams will continue until mastery becomes the norm and not the exception. In her present capacity, as Executive Director of ACTFL, Marty was the keynote speaker at the opening of the MaFLA con- ference in 2007. Over the years, she has at- tended many of MaFLA’s conferences where (l-r) Phyllis Dragonas, Marty Abbott, and she has also conducted workshops and ses- Marty’s special guests, Isabel & Ruth Morales 6 2018 MaFLA Newsletter
Friend Of Foreign Languages Award 2018 Presented by Nicole Sherf Arthur Chou teractive map on which states turn dark blue once the legislation is passed in the state, are light green if legislation is being considered and pale yellow if they are at the early stages. The Website offers state updates, general Seal of Biliteracy infor- mation and FAQs, and has incredibly ac- tive Facebook and Twitter pages for all sorts of resources and information about biliteracy and the Seal movement and district and state Seal related announce- ments. To mimic Dr. Seuss of this fair city of Springfield, “Oh, what a glorious day it was when Arthur Chou turned Massachu- setts blue!” Over the five years or three legislative sessions that it took to get our legislation in Massachusetts passed, Arthur Chou sup- ported the Language Opportunity Coali- tion in its work to celebrate biliteracy and overturn the 2002 legislation restricting dual language learning. He was there for us with answers to questions, connections to resources and his understanding of the national progress of the Seal of Biliteracy. I nominated Arthur Chou of Ve- those states that had passed and those that Through Velazquez Press, he offered stick- lazquez Press and the director of www.seal- hadn’t yet passed legislation. I know that ers, bumper stickers and medals to those ofbilitearcy.org for the 2018 MaFLA Friend he is doing the same thing at TESOL and states who were still advocating for the leg- of Foreign Languages Award. Arthur Chou MABE and beyond. He is expert at making islation. exemplifies the spirit of this award as a na- connections, providing resources and giv- I can think of no stronger 2018 Friend tional leader of the Seal of Biliteracy move- ing support. of Foreign Languages than Arthur Chou, ment, and a diligent and tireless supporter The www.sealofbiliteracy.org website Friend of Languages, Friend of Biliteracy of Massachusetts’ legislative bid for the Seal is a perfect example of the resources over- and Friend of Celebrating What Students through the Language Opportunity for Our seen by Arthur Chou. Over the five years Can Accomplish When Programs Set Tar- Kids or LOOK Act which was signed into of the legislative process in Massachusetts, gets and Create Programming to Increase law by Governor Baker on November 22, I was addicted to the Seal of Biliteracy in- Biliteracy. 2017. He is actually a friend of all language learning groups; world language, English language and dual language. I and many other MaFLA Board mem- bers were at ACTFL last year when the MA legislature finally voted to pass this historic legislation. He was as happy as we were with the news, as he had been following our pro- gress, supporting our efforts and providing resources to us throughout the process. At that same ACTFL, Arthur Chou facilitated a Seal session attended by 30-40 states that were all in various stages of implementa- tion of the Seal of Biliteracy. He conducted an overview of the national status and then coordinated a giant share of information af- ter dividing the room between advocates of End of Year 7
2018 Conference Wrap-Up A Keynote With that the first rule of poetry is “show don’t 51st Annual MaFLA Conference on Octo- tell.” Referring to John Dewey’s work with ber 27, 2018. A Cuban Flair aesthetics education, Richard encourages The award for the MaFLA Language teaching “art as experience.” Richard be- Teacher of the Year is intended to ele- lieves that poems offer an experience from vate the status of the language teaching the author and can be used in any content profession at the state level and beyond. area with any age. According to Richard, “As language advocates, we are seeking most of the meaning in a poem is delivered to create opportunities to recognize the through the use of imagery and sensory de- most accomplished members of the pro- tails. He suggests that teachers ask students fession,” said Dr. Edward Zarrow, chair to think about what they see, hear, smell, of the MaFLA Teacher of the Year Com- taste, and feel while reading a poem. mittee. “The MaFLA Language Teacher Want more Richard? Visit www.poets. of the Year is chosen not only because of org and click on Materials for Teachers. If you their success in the classroom, but also scroll down you’ll find the video “A teacher’s because of their sustained vision for bi- This year’s keynote speaker, Richard guide to poets.org” with Richard speaking lingualism and biliteracy. The winner Blanco, captivated attendees in the packed as the Education Ambassador. Richard en- becomes a spokesperson for the language ballroom and a nearby overflow room with courages all teachers to take advantage of the profession. We are privileged to extend stories of growing up in a Cuban-American many wonderful resources that are available this award to Mme. Blouwolff for all that home in Miami and how he eventually be- on this site, such as Poem-a-Day, Teach this she does both in the classroom and be- came President Obama’s inaugural poet. He Poem, lesson plans, and audio and video re- yond as an inspirational teacher-leader. recited several of his poems which appealed cordings of poets reciting their work. She is indeed a superstar!” to many in the audience in different ways, The two other finalists for the MaFLA prompting both laughter and tears. Origi- Jeanne O’Hearn, 2018 Conference Chair Language Teacher of the Year were: nally an engineer, Richard told us he became • Vilma Bibeau, a Spanish and Italian a poet “to investigate language and how lan- MaFLA 2019 Language teacher from Medford High School guage creates itself.” In explaining his craft of Teacher of the Year • Ashley Uyaguari, a Spanish teacher writing poems in both English and Spanish, from Innovation Academy Charter Richard discussed the concept of interlingual- School, Tyngsboro, MA ism which he defined as writing about things In a video interview shortly follow- that can’t be translated into another language. ing the announcement, Mme. Blouwolff He stated, “When we know two or more lan- thanked the committee, congratulated the guages, we are two or more people.” He add- other finalists, and discussed making the ed, “I think in English but I love in Spanish.” conscious decision to raise her children Earlier that morning, Richard partic- in a bilingual household. “This year I will ipated in a Question and Answer session be an advocate for multilingualism in the and autographed his books for attendees United States, and most certainly in our both during that session and after the Key- Commonwealth,” said Mme. Blouwolff. “I note Address in the Exhibit Hall. During believe that monolingualism is the illiter- the Question and Answer session, Richard acy of the 21st century, and it is our duty offered his thoughts on teaching poetry in as educators and our privilege to educate the world language classroom, mentioning other people about how we can learn more about other cultures through learning a language.” Mme. Blouwolff will now represent the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and Springfield, MA—The Massachusetts offer her vision for language teaching and Foreign Language Association (MaFLA) advocacy as she competes with other state is pleased to announce its 2019 Language winners to see who will become the Lan- Teacher of the Year, Rebecca Blouwolff, guage Teacher of the Year for the Northeast a French teacher at Wellesley Middle Region (NECTFL) in February, 2019. This School. The presentation was held during teacher goes on to a final competition at the the Business and Awards Luncheon of the national level. 8 2018 MaFLA Newsletter
2018 Conference Wrap-Up colleague does not have to teach the same Greg Duncan Makes Proficiency Real language as you. We truly enjoyed the workshop and were grateful for the time Duncan gave us to work on IPAs. It is very rare to be given the gift of time. We feel that we are headed in the right direction and are excited about what is to come for our students. Submitted by Krystin Beauchesne and Tanya Ferretto, Winchester Public Schools. Methods Bootcamp by Tim Eagan Are you new to the profession or did you take your methods course too long ago to remember? In recent years, our profession has made a seismic shift to proficiency that is transforming how we prepare, teach and program world languages as a critical college and career readiness skill. In our six-hour On Thursday, October 25, we attended Greg Duncan’s pre-conference workshop: workshop, Nicole Sherf and I reviewed sev- Leaving with Performance-Based Assessments In-Hand. Our department has been working eral important concepts, from the six Core towards proficiency for more than a couple of years. Initially, it all seems quite theoretical, Practices, to the national Seal of Biliteracy overwhelming and difficult to apply. In order for proficiency to be successful both stu- movement, to the strategies needed to mo- dents and teachers must have a total mindset shift. This workshop not only reiterated and tivate and engage your students in their lan- confirmed our knowledge of proficiency in the world language classroom, but also gave guage learning. For this newsletter article, us true direction. The road to proficiency is a journey, one that takes time and creativity, I’d like to share just a few highlights focused but the results are well worth the work and our students will be more equipped to use the on planning, communication, and assess- target language in real world application. ment. I want to acknowledge that Nicole did We focused on the importance of creating strong scenarios (prompts) to get the students most of the heavy lifting for this workshop, to talk or write. Duncan gave us several examples and we had the opportunity to create an as a methods professor at Salem State. I was IPA and also saw other people’s work. This gave us the opportunity to compare and learn glad to contribute to the work from my ex- from each other’s work. We have learned that the better the prompt, the better the results. A perience at the K to 12 level. good prompt should be real world, relatable, and culturally appropriate. The prompt should One of the first principles in teach- include who, what, when, where and why. All of these elements should reflect the target ing for proficiency is creating a classroom language and culture. Perhaps the most important part of the prompt is a good hook- some- community where the target language is thing that draws your students in. The more invested your students are, the more excited they the primary means of communication for will be about it and will in turn show more creativity when completing the task. teacher and students. While we know the However, once the tasks are completed and need to be graded, it becomes complicated 90%+ guideline, we also know that often if we continue grading in the traditional way. The assessment should be graded as a whole, teachers report falling short of that goal. rather than subtracting a set point value for each grammar or spelling mistake. When grad- If you are struggling with attaining 90%+, ing, the main thing you focus on, is “was the student understood and did he or she get the here are some simple tips. Create a struc- point across. Towards the end of the workshop, Duncan spoke about rubrics and gave us ture to your lessons so that they are infused very useful links to research them on our own. He encouraged us to pick out what we liked with daily routines and go-to activities. In about various ones and to go from there. It was a great relief to hear Duncan say that he has this way, students know what to expect not yet come across the perfect rubric (those he wrote himself included). In our department, from segment to segment. Routines and we have created and recreated rubric upon rubric. It was nice to know that we are not alone. go-to activities provide teachers with many We returned to school feeling energized. The following week, during our professional opportunities to use purposeful communi- development day, we chose to work with a colleague on creating a rubric that would ad- cation in a meaningful context, employing dress both interpersonal and presentational use of the language and we are planning on functional chunks of language as compre- creating several prompts for our students. We feel that the process of creating prompts is hensible input. Here are some ideas that more enjoyable and successful when you have a colleague to bounce ideas off of and revise you might begin to establish today: hand- what you have. It is great to have a friendly critic when going through the process. The ing in homework, completing a warm-up End of Year 9
2018 Conference Wrap-Up task, getting into groups, what to do dur- assessment have to mirror each other and is so much more to consider in effective in- ing free time, attention signals, regrouping assessment has to reflect real-world, au- structional design for world languages. I signals, classroom jobs. These all provide thentic communication. In practical terms, hope that the above examples give you some opportunities to use patterned language to this means that performance assessment food for thought as you continue to explore minimize or even eliminate the need for at its best does not measure student per- the teaching of languages and cultures. English. These functional chunks of lan- formance in terms of numbers of errors or guage, such as “Please find your red/blue/ numbers of stem-changing verbs the student green group and make a list of X” are all used. When we measure accuracy, students simple ways to keep the focus on target lan- are best served when we ask how much it guage. Elementary school teachers survive helps or interferes with communication. Re- on routines. Try doing an online search for quiring “at least five stem-changing verbs” or elementary classroom routines and adapt “all of the verb tenses we have learned in this some for your teaching context and you’ll unit” is not authentic. find lots of ideas that will work K to 12. If I need directions to El Yunque, I can meet my needs even if I don’t know that ¿Me puede ayudar?” contains an o to ue stem changing verb. And if I need someone to repeat something for me because I’m only a novice Spanish speaker, I can say “Repite, por favor” without knowing that the infini- tive is repetir and the e changes to i. If I need to tell a tour guide that I lost my phone in a volcano, I might forget the double object Check out some of these resources: pronouns in “Se me perdió” but I can still get • ACTFL Position Statements: https:// my point across. If we really want to be sure www.actfl.org/news/position-state- students know these structures, we can teach ments them as functional chunks. Am I saying that • ACTFL The Language Educator Sam- students should never know what a stem ple Issues: https://www.actfl.org/pub- changing verb is or never be exposed to dou- lications/all/the-language-educator/ ble object pronouns in Spanish? No! (And a sample-articles common misconception about teaching for • Sara-Elizabeth Cottrel. “Let’s Talk Ta- proficiency is that we don’t teach grammar). cos: Informing Parents and Students Student target language use often What I am saying is this: There is a time on Proficiency:” http://musicuentos. breaks down when they don’t know what and a place for explicit knowledge of gram- com/2014/08/inform/ to do or they don’t have the language they matical structures and verb forms, and nov- • National Standards Video: https:// need to complete a task. The ACTFL Pro- ice-level Spanish is not the time and place (I www.actfl.org/publications/all/ ficiency Guidelines describe what students have lots more to say on this topic, but that’s world-readiness-standards-learn- can do with language in real-world situa- another piece for another day). ing-languages tions along the continuum of proficiency When teachers learn to embed grammar • Teacher Effectiveness for Language development. It’s important for teachers to instruction into meaningful communicative Learning walk through and reflective read and unpack the proficiency levels as contexts, students are much more successful tools: www.tellproject.org part of planning for instruction. A sup- moving along the path to proficiency. When • National Seal of Biliteracy Informa- porting document, and one that I keep at teachers focus too much on explicit knowl- tion: www.sealofbiliteracy.org my fingertips for unit, lesson and perfor- edge of rules and paradigms, some students • MA Language Opportunity Coali- mance assessment planning is The NCSS- might develop great knowledge of these tion: www.languageopportunity.org FL-ACTFL Can-Do Statements. Written rules, but that does not mean that they can • Shrum, Judith L. and Eileen W. Glisan, to serve as a planning tool for teachers and communicate in the language. Not to men- Teacher’s Handbook: Contextualized for student goal-setting, the Can-Do State- tion the many students who are left in the Language Instruction. 5th Ed. Boston, ments will be a game changer for you. dust and drop language after their two-year MA: Heinle Cengage Learning, 2016. Assessment was another big category in requirement. A student might know all of • Lee, James F. and Bill VanPatten, our Bootcamp workshop. Let’s keep in mind the irregular preterit forms, but that does not Making Communicative Language a few things that the Center for Applied Lin- mean that she can tell her host mother about Teaching Happen. 2nd Ed. Boston, guistics has to say about assessment validity the giant spider that chased her out of the MA: McGraw Hill, 2003. in a language classroom. Instruction and kitchen when she went in for a snack. There 10 2018 MaFLA Newsletter
2018 Conference Wrap-Up Chinese Strand Italian Strand On Friday morning, MaFLA welcomed The Italian Strand had all the elements Ying Jin, the 2018 ACTFL Teacher of the of a strong conference. Dr. Paula Servino, Year, to present a 3-hour workshop on In- Professor of Italian at Brandeis Universi- novative Ideas to Foster the 21st Century ty kicked of the conference for us with her Minds. The attendees were impressed by all amazing and engaging workshop, Multi the information she shared, including a va- Cultural Coexistence in the Italian Curric- riety of hands-on class activities and strate- ulum Today through IPA and Proficiency gies that make learning interesting and en- Based Instruction. Paula is well known in hance students’ proficiency in the language. the field for her many talents and knowledge She also made the handouts available online of Italian, particularly as the creator of the and ready to be downloaded for immediate five levels of the Pimsleur Audio Program classroom use. On Friday morning, Ann and her specialty in Italian-Jewish culture. Ferriter and Mei-Ju Hwang showcased their Springfield Startalk Chinese Immersion Pro- gram, followed by the presentations of Star Lew, Yezhe Wang, and Ming Lu who are whole days, maybe more. She provided the from Newton Public Schools on “How to participants with various types of authentic Keep Program Sustainability.” resources such as films, videos, songs, sta- On Friday afternoon, ChinHuei Yeh tistics, and thought-provoking readings on focused on Small Steps Move Mountains: the subject of immigration. In addition, she Using Authentic Materials in Chinese Class- included IPAs and rubrics and discussed the rooms. She shared the authentic materials types of questions we would ask in order to that she has been working with, where to get proper performance-based assessments. collect them, and most importantly, how She did this while modeling how to teach to use them at different levels of teach- for proficiency. That is probably one of the ing. Other sessions included How to Teach reasons that this workshop was so inform- Complicated Chinese Grammar in an Un- ative and engaging. That is, Dr. Servino did complicated Way from Jade Qian, and Make not just present information and materials it Real: Authentic Resources Amplifying Chi- to us, she had us working together, sharing nese Proficiency from Lijie Qin. ideas and using the language. On Saturday morning, Wayland Middle School teacher Chiun-Fan Chang presented If this was your first workshop with on How to Incorporate Chinese into a World Paula Servino, you quickly understood Language Week Celebration. She shared her that she is a gifted educator and why she experience on how to lead different activities received the 1998 Excellence in Teaching to organize a school-wide event as well as Award at her University. She is dynamic, the rubrics, examples of student work, and current in the field and models the qualities example videos for teaching culture. During of excellent teaching at any level. the last Chinese session before the Business Dr. Servino had enough energy, en- Luncheon, Shan-Lee Liu presented Lan- thusiasm, materials and activities for a guages and Technology to Expand Our World workshop that could have lasted one or two and Extend Our Mind, in which the website Flipgrid was presented. She demonstrated how to use this platform to allow students to record and reply to each other’s videos. At the luncheon, ChinHuei Yeh, a high school teacher in Shrewsbury, received the My favorite activity was role-playing the Chinese Teacher of the Year award. The members of a town. (Role-playing always General Director of Taipei Economic and brings me back to childhood, when we didn’t Cultural Office in Boston attended the have structured play dates and we had to luncheon to congratulate Ms. Yeh. come up with scenarios to role-play on our Submitted by Sheng-Chu Lu. own.) . In this activity each group received End of Year 11
2018 Conference Wrap-Up the name of its town with a description of it. Spanish Strand apps necessary. Christina explained how Each member of the group had a person he they acquired their virtual reality goggles or she had to play. The individuals had dif- Teachers attending the workshops and through a local grant funding program ferent titles and personalities. The purpose conference sessions offered in the Spanish and they use them within their thematic of the role-play was to show how different strand this year certainly had the opportu- units. As many teachers say good-bye to types of people would treat immigrants and, nity to acquire a wealth of information re- the use of textbooks, this presentation by in many cases, reveal stereotypes that people lated to authentic materials, thematic unit Katia Marticorena and Christina Toro truly might not even be aware of. planning, and student engagement. Teach- gave teachers the steps they need to take to ers were busy learning and participating in present culturally authentic lessons in the activities that encouraged the full use of the most engaging ways possible! Kudos and target language using engaging materials. mil gracias to Katia and Christina! The Spanish teachers who attended the six hour pre-conference workshop Get Ready, Get Set, Get Proficient in Spanish! with presenters Katia Marticorena and Christina Toro from Arlington HS were offered a workshop delivered entirely in Spanish focused on the planning, imple- mentation and assessment of complete Another role-playing activity was thematic units. The lessons shared ranged playing the role of a mediator or migrant from Spanish 2 to AP Spanish and the to Italy, in an interview. The mediator had units were organized by the AP themes. to ask questions to the migrant in order to Teachers walked away from this workshop If Spanish teachers were unable to at- obtain specific information. These activi- praising how completely these lessons were tend the Thursday workshops, there were ties, as others, contained key components planned and how generous the presenters plenty of other opportunities in the Span- of performance tasks (Context and Me- were with their information and advice for ish strand to increase the number of strat- chanics) and were linked to the ACTFL each level. Katia and Christina shared the egies in our pedagogical toolboxes. On standards that guide us. tools for the organization of thematic and Friday, Alejandro Yegros presented Au- culturally-based units encouraging teach- thentic Listening Resources for Beginning ers to do the same in their own classes. and Intermediate Classes. As the creator Truly this workshop was a mini foreign of Conjuguemos, Alejandro guided the language methods class, blending both participants through a lively session fo- content and pedagogy delivered using cused on viewing techniques, types of teaching and grouping strategies that they questions and activities to create from the use in their own classes. Over the course authentic listening resources he shared of these six hours, teachers took on the and how these fit into the routines of his role of students with a variety of partners classes. Participants completed his sam- as they engaged in the lessons created by ple activities for beginning and interme- Katia and Christina. diate levels using videos from Univision’s Both veteran and novice teachers came En Un Minuto segments and CNN en away from this experience with high praise español. Additionally, Alejandro shared If you have been teaching for proficien- and gratitude to Katia and Christina for how he creates a divided classroom in cy, you know how much work it is and how their generous sharing of information that which he can work with smaller groups of much time it takes to find authentic materi- included their own collaborative process, students while another part of the class is als and create activities and assessments. You a bank of authentic materials, the teaching practicing their language skills individual- have probably experienced the satisfying materials spanning pre-listening/reading ly. Alejandro graciously shared all of his feeling of seeing your students use the target through assessment with IPAs. Another collected work which can be found online language in a meaningful way after all the highlight of the workshop was the virtual at https://goo.gl/BrY5wX . hard work you did for them. Paula Servino reality piece! Participants were treated to For those of us who needed new ide- did this for us and we appreciate her dedi- a 360-degree video experience at either La as and approaches for native speaking cation and her sharing of knowledge with us Tomatina or Carnaval using virtual reali- Spanish students, Maria Payano and Tina so that we can return to our classes and use ty goggles. Katia and Christina taught the de la Cruz from Abbot Lawrence Acade- what we have learned. Grazie mille, Paula. participants how to turn their smartphones my presented a session entitled Strategies into virtual reality devices using the mobile for Teaching Spanish Language and Cul- Submitted by Anna Tirone. 12 2018 MaFLA Newsletter
2018 Conference Wrap-Up ture to Heritage Learners. This Saturday French Strand There’s A First Time morning session was conducted entirely in Spanish and focused on literacy activ- Attendees Excited About For Anything ities to assist heritage learners who are Workshops & Sessions By: Mike Travers advanced in some modes but can bene- This year, instead of offering both a 6 fit from integrated practice in all modes There is nothing more joyous and reju- hour and a 3 hour workshop in French, The of language learning. Working from venating than the first day back to work after Eastern MA Chapter of AATF decided to the basis of the six AP themes and their MaFLA’s extraordinary annual conference in bring in a well-known cineaste, Mariette various contexts, the lessons they pre- Springfield. I know I speak for many when I Monpierre, originally from Guadeloupe, sented ranged from Spanish I to Pre-AP. say that each year I leave with a feeling of hope whose film La Bonheur d’Elza has won sever- Shared materials were made available to for new methods to teaching and excitement al awards and received very positive reviews. participants and the presenters included as we continue our own paths to proficiency. Mme. Monpierre gave a 3-hour work- samples of student work. Whether they This year I took my own leap of faith shop in which she discussed her personal were contextualizing the subjunctive with and decided to be more than a participant journey from student to cineaste, the identity music (Ojalá que llueva café en el campo) in the audience of extraordinary teachers. I crisis she faced for many years and the role of or making cultural comparisons between took a leap of faith and decided that this is women in today’s francophone films. Down Salvador Dalí and Lady Gaga, María and the year that I want to present on a topic that to earth, honest and full of interesting anec- Tina created dialogue with teacher par- has grown near and dear to me and that ex- dotes, Mme. Monpierre’s workshop touched ticipants by sharing their perspectives, perience made my #MaFLA18 extra special. on many interesting points, She was also able routines, and ideas for the greater en- I left last year’s MaFLA Conference to show some clips from La Bonheur d’Elza gagement of heritage learners using au- feeling inspired by the amazing group of and give details about why she chose them, thentic and high interest readings, videos teacher presenters and I remember won- who the actors were and the parts of the films and projects. dering if I had what it took to be a present- which were truly autobiographical. Attendees Similarly, Christine Randolph of Mer- er. Following the conference I found myself felt privileged to be included in her inner cir- rimack High School presented a work- asking teachers in person and online what cle, and many were excited about showing her shop on her practice entitled Project Based they got out of the presentations and what film to their students. Presenters on Friday Learning: Tips, Guidelines, Advantages and they would want to hear more about. While included Edit Dibra, in charge of education at Challenges. She focused on the research the answers varied greatly there was one the French Cultural Services in Boston, who that supports the use of project-based common theme in most of the answers. introduced attendees to the programs, schol- learning and provided many practical ide- Most people wanted to hear more about arships and resources which the FCS offers as for mid to advanced levels of Spanish “the g word”...grammar. For so many people to French teachers, Janel Lafond-Paquin who that she uses in her own classes. Her pres- they felt like they could implement themat- presented on Infographics and Beckie Rankin entation included samples of her students’ ic units with authentic resources and com- who spoke on Slam Poetry. MaFLA Board projects and how they work toward com- municative activities but there was still that Member Sarah Moghtader gave two sessions, petencies in listening, speaking, reading, elephant in the room of grammar. one on sitcoms, reality shows and cartoons and writing in Spanish starting from the One of ACTFL’s core practices says to and the other on picture books. Andrea basis of authentic materials to the creation teach grammar as a concept where the fo- Javel and Carol LaPointe presented on fran- of their own original speaking and writing cus is on meaning before form. This sounds cophone films, including Mme. Monpierre’s products. lovely but for so many teachers this is the film Le Bonheur d’Elza. Jeanne Douillard, a The Spanish strand of the 2018 MaF- point where the path to proficiency- based French-speaking author, gave a session on LA Conference was busier than ever! The teaching becomes more of a curvy highway her book: The Silent Presence of the French in atmosphere of sharing materials, resourc- with a potential sinkhole. Teachers were say- New England.” At the AATF Session, Kath- es, strategies and perspectives made for ing they want to hear from the heavy hitting leen Stein-Smith, Chair of the AATF Advo- a rewarding experience. Teachers left experts in the field but also from everyday cacy Commission, reminded members of the feeling like they had the materials and teachers who are working to implement this work her commission is doing and web sites ideas to implement their learning from in their classroom. From there my topic was and other resources which are available to these workshops and conference sessions. born and I began working on my presenta- them. Once again the guest speaker was Ma- Thank you to all the presenters for so tion Keeping Up the PACE- teaching gram- riette Monpierre who entertained all of our generously sharing your work and provid- mar in context through the PACE model. members with a Q & A discussion about her ing advice for how we can help students Now for those of you who despise ac- latest projects, and recent experiences which to expand their world through foreign ronyms, PACE stands for Present, Attention, happened to her on her last trip to Paris. language learning! Co-Construction, Extension and is a rela- Submitted by Joyce Beckwith. tively new approach that aims to have stu- Submitted by Teresa Benedetti. dents discover specific grammar points and End of Year 13
2018 Conference Wrap-Up inductively construct their own meaning of tion prior to the conference which can seem Twitter followers makes you feel loved. the words before ever focusing on the rules. daunting to some but it is all worth it. That If you are contemplating presenting I vividly recall learning about it first with moment when you see a teacher nodding or are interested in hearing about my pres- Nicole Sherf at a professional development her head along to what you’re saying or that entation feel free to reach out to me and we workshop in Foxborough and realizing how person front row asking the perfect, engaging can discuss it more. But trust me, there’s a practical this method could be. From there I questions or the people who quote what you first time for everything. took the risk and began implementing it in say and post it on their Twitter, you feel that Mike Travers is a Spanish teacher at my Spanish and French classes to see what it support and you know you are appreciated Wellesley High School. He also writes for a was all about. The results were truly remark- by everyone in the room. Plus, all of the new blog www.madlanguageteacher.weebly.com able! My students went from memorizing grammar rules and worrying about conju- gations to interpreting the meaning of texts Andover Teachers Share Conference Take-Aways and asking thought-provoking questions about the meaning while constructing their Timothy Chavez are just more cognizant of what they are own understanding of what the grammar Spanish, West Middle School learning and where they are at in terms means. I could go on for days (or at least for of their goals. We had just completed My biggest takeaway was the impor- a 75 minute MaFLA presentation) about this a unit in French 3 so I had students go tance of developing thematic units and game changing method but I knew that this back and write out what they “can do” af- how to go about doing so. Since the con- was something more teachers should hear ter the unit in the different modes. They ference, I have been working very very about and try in their teaching. were able to state the goals of the unit. hard to come up with topics/themes for In my presentation, while discussing the I also discussed specific ways to each of our units and tying in cultural steps to creating a PACE model and showing “level-up” with my French Conversation connections with those themes. It’s so examples of PACE lessons, I wanted teachers class and my Lengua y Cultura class fol- much easier to teach this way! to know that this approach requires a growth lowing oral presentations and a graded ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ mindset for us. In other words, we have to debate. Lin Wu A second session was about pro- know that mistakes and failures are what will Chinese, High School help us grow to becoming more proficiency moting student discourse in the target based teachers and the PACE model gives I learned some classroom activities language with a focus on giving students us that space to take those risks and grow. to engage and improve students’ listen- more control over the learning objec- During the session I showed examples of les- ing, speaking, reading and writing. tives. I tried a strategy with my French sons that worked but also showed examples ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ conversation class as we are embarking of moments where I learned what not to do Peter Hall on a new unit by having them formulate for the next time. A presentation is not just a French & Spanish, High School questions about what they want to know moment to show off what you did well but it’s I attended a session on giving mean- about the topic before we start investigat- also a time for you to show that you are just ingful feedback. Research shows that ing. like the other teachers in the room. You are meaningful feedback is one of the most Overall, two worthy sessions for re- just like the language learners in your class- effective ways to move students towards flection. room. You have moments of glowing work greater proficiency. I learned a couple of ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ and you have areas in which you plan to grow. strategies about how to “level-up” by giv- Jen Deschenes As a first time presenter I can sum up ing specific feedback, a limited number Spanish, High School the experience with one word – support. of specific suggestions and ways to phrase A great take away from my sympo- From the minute the red presenter tag was it. I tried it out with some French 3 writ- sium Acquisition Focus lens of Film was attached to my name tag I felt support- ing assignments. I was also reminded to learn that there are more formats than ed by the MaFLA community. Whether it to make the students more aware of the ever to provide comprehensible input, was board members asking for information goals and can-do statements so students prior to viewing a film, for our students. on my session, colleagues from my own district telling me they were attending or strangers in the elevator who wanted to There is no end to education. It is not that you read a book, pass meet new people, I felt supported. an examination, and finish with education. The whole of life, from the If you are doing something unique or intriguing in your classroom, chances are moment you are born to the moment you die, is a process of learning. the MaFLA community wants to see it and they’ll support your risk taking. Yes, there’s a –Jiddu Krishnamurti lot of prep work that goes into your presenta- 14 2018 MaFLA Newsletter
You can also read