ENABLING SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS THROUGH ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION IN THE KONO DISTRICT, SIERRA LEONE - FAO
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©FAO/Adamu Sanidanya
©FAO/Roberto Faidutti
ENABLING SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS THROUGH ECONOMIC
DIVERSIFICATION IN THE KONO DISTRICT, SIERRA LEONE
July 2021
SDGs:
Countries: Sierra Leone
Project Codes: TCP/SIL/3702
FAO Contribution USD 496 000
Duration: 1 October 2018 – 31 March 2021
Contact Info: FAO Representation in Sierra Leone
FAO-SL@fao.org
ENABLING SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS THROUGH ECONOMIC TCP/SIL/3702
DIVERSIFICATION IN THE KONO DISTRICT, SIERRA LEONE
Implementing Partner IMPACT
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security;
The project’s expected impact was to increase the
Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources; and
income and improve the health status of vulnerable
Ministry of Youth Affairs.
groups in the Kono District of Sierra Leone. At the time
Beneficiaries of project closure, the economic impact of the project
Youth groups; agribusiness centres; smallholder farmers; was already visible for 240 youth and women who were
and other community stakeholders. benefitting from the sale of eggs and manure from the
poultry houses. In addition, approximately 720 youth
Country Programming Framework (CPF) Outputs
and women are also expected to benefit from the sale
Priority Area 1 – Improved livelihoods and nutrition of fish from the fishponds that were established under
outcomes through improved productivity and the project, once they are harvested.
diversification along the food system value chain.
ACHIEVEMENT OF RESULTS
The Outcome of the project was to improve the
livelihoods of vulnerable groups through economic
diversification. It was achieved by building the capacities
of rural communities, with a specific focus on youth and
women farmers, in the establishment and management
of poultry and fishponds. These capacity-development
initiatives contributed to enhancing the nutrition and
food security of the targeted beneficiaries. In addition,
these efforts helped to divert the attention of youths
from mining, which has detrimental impacts on the
environment.
The involvement of key stakeholders, such as the
paramount chiefs, district council chairman, city
council, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food
Security (MAFFS), and Ministry of Fisheries and Marine
©FAO/Adamu Sanidanya
Resources (MFMR) throughout implementation allowed
for them to closely monitor project activities. The project
BACKGROUND team relied on the expertise of both the MAFFS and
MFMR to serve as the lead facilitators during the poultry
Transforming and modernizing the agriculture sector in
and fishpond trainings, so as to involve them in the
Sierra Leone to ensure food self-sufficiency, support job
continuous monitoring of the project even after its
growth and increase exports was a central focus of the
closure.
country’s Agenda for Prosperity (2013–2018).
Because of the project’s success, development partners
One strategy for achieving this objective was to bring new
(for example, the World Food Programme [WFP]) and
farming practices and technologies into rural areas of the
the Government of Sierra Leone are considering
country to increase diversification and improve nutrition.
allocating resources towards replicating the activities
Under this project, aquaculture and poultry farming were
carried out under the project in other areas of the
introduced in the Kono District. Poultry and fish farming
country.
were chosen because they are suitable to rural areas of
Both of the expected Outputs were satisfactorily
the country, which have ample water and land.
delivered; however, the originally targeted number of
The project was designed to benefit rural dwellers,
farmers to be trained on fishpond and poultry
particularly women and youth, by developing their
management was not reached because of coronavirus
capacities and providing them with the necessary
disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic restrictions and a
equipment to farm chickens and fish. Through these
high level of illiteracy among some project beneficiaries.
efforts, the project: (i) contributed to the expansion and
Twenty-four fishponds of 400m2 were constructed
diversification of agricultural activities; (ii) strengthened
across the 14 chiefdoms in Kono District. Each of these
food and nutrition security; and (iii) created jobs and
fishponds was limed, fertilized and stocked with
boosted livelihoods in Kono District.
800 fingerlings of tilapia and supplied with 96 bags of
starter feed and 96 bags of pellet feed.
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ENABLING SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS THROUGH ECONOMIC TCP/SIL/3702
DIVERSIFICATION IN THE KONO DISTRICT, SIERRA LEONE
The project jointly developed a training manual with the IMPLEMENTATION OF WORK PLAN AND BUDGET
MFMR, which was used to train 72 beneficiaries in the
The project activities were not completed within the
establishment and management of fishponds. The training
original timeframe, owing to the COVID-19 pandemic
materials covered various topics, including techniques in
constructing ponds, hatcheries and water canals; fish feed and delays in the procurement of fishpond and poultry
input materials, which were not available in-country at
formulation; feeding of fish; and general farm
that time. However, a no-cost extension of six months
management. The trainers also introduced the breeding
of black soldier flies as supplementary feed for fish was granted to the project, and it was used to
successfully implement the remaining activities.
production.
There were several impediments to project
The project established eight poultry farms within
Kono District. The pieces of land for the construction of implementation, including: (i) the disruption of field
activities due to the COVID-19 pandemic; (ii) poor road
the poultry houses were offered by the landowners to
networks near some of the project sites (iii) unforeseen
the beneficiaries free of charge as part of the landowners’
commitment to and support for the project. In order complications with the selection of beneficiaries; (iv) the
high rates of illiteracy among some beneficiaries;
to prevent possible future disputes, FAO supervised the
(v) fragile community youth groups; (vi) a low level
signing of a memorandum of understanding between
the landowners and the beneficiaries. of competition among potential suppliers of poultry
and poultry-stocking items; and (vii) inflation of the
Stakeholders in the targeted communities were urged
prices of goods and services.
to facilitate the identification of groups in each of the
poultry houses with memberships of at most 30 youths Some of the project funds were diverted to COVID-19
response in the field. Because the targeted beneficiaries
(50 percent male and 50 percent female).
had a low level of awareness of the signs and symptoms
The project hired a supervising construction engineer, who
was permanently based in Kono, to monitor the of COVID-19, as well as preventive measures for not
catching the virus, FAO collaborated with the MFMR and
construction of all the poultry houses. Each of the houses
the Kono District Agriculture and Youth Offices to raise
was stocked with 500 birds (16-week-old layers) and was
provided with layer feed for three months. The poultry awareness of COVID-19 prevention among community
stakeholders and beneficiaries. The strategies below
houses were also equipped with all the necessary fittings
were employed:
for a deep litter system.
A comprehensive training manual was developed by the 1. Prior to the commencement of fishpond
construction, about 240 COVID-19 response flyers
Livestock Division of the MAFFS. It was utilized to train
designed by FAO and the MFMR were distributed
24 farmers during a five-day workshop on the general
management of poultry in the district. The use of local through a community awareness-raising initiative.
2. Each of the 24 fishpond sites was supported
ingredients, such as oyster shells and fish meal to replace
with one veronica bucket, two hand sanitizers and
imported limestone and concentrate for poultry feed
production, was considered as a novel idea by the poultry two liquid hand soaps to be used during the fishpond
construction exercise.
farmers during the training.
3. In order to comply with Government and World
Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on social
distancing, the team implemented a strategy where
each of the ponds measuring 400 m2 was
constructed by seven youths, keeping at least 1 m
of distance from each other.
4. The FAO team also supported the Kono District
COVID-19 Response Team with four motorbikes and
helmets to help with surveillance, contact tracing and
©FAO/Adamu Sanidanya
social mobilization.
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ENABLING SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS THROUGH ECONOMIC TCP/SIL/3702
DIVERSIFICATION IN THE KONO DISTRICT, SIERRA LEONE
The original targets of two activities were not met. As FOLLOW-UP FOR GOVERNMENT ATTENTION
stated above, under Output 1, a target of 1 220 farmers
Poultry Component
was set for training in improved poultry and
pond/aquaculture management practices; however, that There is a general lack of information regarding
target was not reached because of the pandemic Sierra Leone’s poultry sector; therefore, identifying
restrictions on public gatherings and the level of literacy opportunities is challenging. That said, there are likely
of some of the targeted beneficiaries. The high illiteracy opportunities to increase domestic poultry production
level in rural areas had been identified as a major risk to to meet demand. More information regarding the extent
implementation during the formulation of the project. This of available Government support, production costs and
issue was managed by identifying fishpond and poultry the feasibility of organizing the supply chain would aid
farmers who went to secondary school to take part in the in identifying specific opportunities.
training sessions. Those selected were then encouraged A lack of sufficient veterinary services presents a clear
to replicate the training for other farmers in their local challenge to productivity and the expansion of
languages. commercial production in rural areas. Increasing access
Under Activity 2.2, which sought to establish storage to veterinary services could improve vaccination rates
facilities for fish and poultry products, the provision of and biosecurity measures to prevent contact with wild
24 freezers was targeted. Only eight freezers were animals and the spread of potential diseases.
provided in the end, as the original budget did not include The production of poultry feed was observed as one of
the accessories needed to run the freezers. the major challenges faced by farmers. It is expected
In addition, under Activity 1.3, the capacity/skill needs in that maize production will be increased for chicken feed.
the agribusiness sector were meant to be assessed; Excesses will be sold to other businesses and used for
however, a similar assessment that had been carried out food. Chicken waste provides an important source of
under project UNJP/SIL/048 was utilized instead. organic manure, which will be used by farmers to
Potential conflict between the ministries involved in the increase crop production. New businesses for both
project over roles and responsibilities in dealing with community members and existing microfinance
agribusiness centres (ABCs) was identified as a risk to customers are expected to be created, as some will be
implementation. This issue was mitigated by clarifying the engaged as distributors and retailers for poultry
roles of both ministries at the inception meeting and products.
by monitoring these roles throughout the life cycle of More emphasis should be placed on increasing the
the project. number of extension officers and the level of awareness
Another risk that was identified was a lack of swamps with of existing information sources, facilitating reliable
a year-round water supply located in proximity to both transport for information providers, subsidizing the cost
the ABCs and the aquaculture stations. In order to mitigate of information services and providing adult education.
this problem, technical criteria for the selection of Aquaculture Component
fishpond sites were developed.
The Government should ensure sustained investment in
The final risk that was identified was a possible lack of
fish farming.
availability of poultry construction sites that were not
Public awareness on aquaculture among banks and
affected severely by noise from nearby blasting and
other financial institutions to provide loans to credible
mining. As with the fishponds, technical criteria for site
fish farmers at acceptable rates should be increased.
selection were developed as a mitigation measure.
The private sector should establish aquaculture feed
mills to produce high-quality fish feed to supply fish
farmers across the country.
Import taxes from feed and products for the
manufacture of feed should be removed.
More private fish hatcheries should be established to
produce a sufficient number of fingerlings to supply
fish farmers in the country in the coming years.
©FAO/Adamu Sanidanya
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ENABLING SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS THROUGH ECONOMIC TCP/SIL/3702
DIVERSIFICATION IN THE KONO DISTRICT, SIERRA LEONE
HUMAN INTEREST STORY Global demand for seafood is now greater than the
capacity of the sea to supply it. An expansion in the
Sahr Gborie is a youth poultry farmer from Kono District.
global population and increasing human purchasing
He left school at primary level due to a lack of support
power are pressuring fishermen to fish more intensely,
from his parents. For him, all through his youth, diamond
which is causing some species to be overfished. As wild
mining was his only source of income, although he
stocks decline, the demand for farmed fish is on the rise;
confessed that in his experience, over 90 percent of the
therefore, aquaculture is becoming an important sector.
time, he did not find any gems.
In view of the above, FAO, in collaboration with the
According to Gborie, depending on the proceeds from the
MFMR, developed a TCP to create a separate, robust
diamonds, most times he found himself in a situation
draft policy framework for the development and
where he could not pay school fees for his children, and
management of aquaculture production systems in
in the rainy season, the family barely managed to have
Sierra Leone (the project was in progress at the time
enough food to eat. His situation has changed thanks
of reporting).
to this project. He stated:
“However, since the introduction of the poultry farming 2. Gender equality
coupled with the knowledge gained during the training, The project targeted mainly youth and women farming
I am now able to manage the farm well and can maximise groups across the 14 chiefdoms in Kono District. Each
our investment in it. This now serves as a regular source of the groups had an average number of 30 members,
of money to pay fees and do some other forms of business with at least 50 percent women.
instead of gambling in diamond mining.” The project contributed to the achievement of one
of FAO’s objectives on Gender Equality. During the
SUSTAINABILITY implementation workshops and training sessions, a
1. Capacity development strong emphasis was placed on the selection of
The project promoted a participatory approach to ensuring beneficiaries. Throughout the trainings on poultry and
ownership, working with stakeholders from national and fishpond management, women were given priority in
local authorities, targeted beneficiaries and the private expressing their views and in contributing to discussions
sector throughout all stages (i.e. planning, implementation and decision-making processes. The overall beneficiary
and evaluation). Technical officials of the MAFFS and the target was 50 percent women and 50 percent men. Over
MFMR provided training during the poultry and fishpond 240 youths and other community members benefited
management sessions, which increased their sense of from the stipend that was paid to serve as food for work
ownership. for the construction of 24 fishponds. Women also
Since feed production is one of the key impediments in benefited immensely since they were all part of the
the poultry and aquaculture industries in Sierra Leone, the construction exercise as a community.
project deemed it necessary to support Njala University
and the MFMR with a giant feed mill machine and
45 1 000 volt amp (kVA) generators each for the
production of poultry and fish feeds respectively. The
provision of this equipment is expected to contribute
to the long-term sustainability of the project.
A multistakeholder platform that is headed by the MAFFS
and comprises different sectors and institutions converges
on a yearly basis to present and discuss what has been
done during the year and develop related follow-up
actions. Community stakeholders and beneficiaries also
come up with issues that require concrete action and
clearly defined follow-up actions, which provided a solid
©FAO/Adamu Sanidanya
exit strategy for the project.
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ENABLING SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS THROUGH ECONOMIC TCP/SIL/3702
DIVERSIFICATION IN THE KONO DISTRICT, SIERRA LEONE
3. Environmental sustainability 6. Economic sustainability
The project was in compliance with environmentally The overwhelming success stories of the project resulted
friendly principles and practices. All activities mitigated in a number of other development partners and the
environmental threats to ensure that sustainability was Government of Sierra Leone considering committing
maintained. resources towards replicating poultry and fishpond
The poultry and aquaculture interventions introduced activities in other districts across the country.
under this project are climate smart. For example, the At the time of reporting, the eggs and fish produced
droppings from the poultry houses are used by farmers by the farmers were being sold to reputable mining
to replace Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (NPK) companies, supermarkets, hotels and local restaurants
151515 fertilizer for vegetable production, while the water across the 14 chiefdoms. The stakeholders see the
in the fishponds that are ready for harvest is used as a visibility and availability of these products across their
nutrient to irrigate crops in the swamp. district as an enormous benefit, and they expressed
their commitment to supporting the sustainability of
4. Human Rights-based Approach (HRBA) – in particular
the project.
Right to Food and Decent Work
The overall objective of the project was to increase food
and nutrition security and improve the livelihood status
of rural households in Kono District. The interventions
targeted vulnerable farmers whose livelihoods were
gravely disrupted. This disruption is a human-rights issue.
Thanks to the interventions carried out under the project,
some of the targeted beneficiaries enjoyed increased
incomes and improved nutrition status, thereby adhering
to the Voluntary Guidelines on Food Systems and Nutrition
to end hunger and malnutrition and allowing for
beneficiaries to regain their dignity.
The project created employment opportunities for over
960 youths and women farmers engaged in poultry and
fishpond farming. At the time of reporting, these farmers
had established poultry and fishpond enterprises where
eggs and fish products were being sold on a daily basis.
Women and youth who were previously engaged in
indiscriminate alluvial mining (gold and diamonds) with
little or no returns gained employment under the project.
5. Technological sustainability
The introduction of local scissors for debeaking chickens
(instead of automated debeaking machines) during a ©FAO/Adamu Sanidanya
training session was hugely appreciated by the poultry
farmers. This technology was flexible, reasonable and DOCUMENTS AND OUTREACH PRODUCTS
affordable. MAFFS. 2020. PowerPoint on “Livestock & Poultry
Community participation at the different training and Sector in Sierra Leone”. Internal training material.
sensitization sessions contributed to increased awareness FAO & MFMR. 2021. PowerPoint on “Training on
on governance issues related to natural resource Aquaculture in Kono District”. Internal training
management. materia.
5ENABLING SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS THROUGH ECONOMIC TCP/SIL/3702
DIVERSIFICATION IN THE KONO DISTRICT, SIERRA LEONE
ACHIEVEMENT OF RESULTS - LOGICAL FRAMEWORK
Expected
Increased income and improved health status of vulnerable groups in Kono District
Impact
Livelihoods of vulnerable groups improved through economic diversification
1. Number of beneficiaries with increased income and improved nutritional status as a result
of the intervention.
2. Number of poultry farms established.
3. Number of fishponds established.
4. Number of farmers trained in improved poultry and pond/aquaculture management
practices.
Indicator 5. Number of farmers trained in agribusiness development and management.
6. Aquaculture training module developed, validated and in use.
7. Number of fishpond and poultry farming groups linked to potential traders that deal
in poultry and fish products.
8. Number of tricycles distributed to farmers of fish products.
9. No of solar powered freezers distributed to farming groups.
10. Number of solar powered freezers distributed to farming groups.
1. Zero
2. Zero
3. Zero
4. Zero
5. 14
Baseline
6. Zero
7. Zero
8. Zero
9. Zero
Outcome
10. Zero
1. 960
2. Four
3. 24
4. 1 220
5. 100
End Target
6. One
7. 24 fishpond farming groups and eight poultry farming groups
8. 24 tricycles delivered to eight poultry and fish farming groups for transportation
9. 24 solar powered freezers distributed to poultry and fish farming groups
10. Eight solar powered freezers distributed to poultry and fish farming groups
The project reached approximately 960 beneficiaries in total.
Eight poultry houses were established under the project. Sales of products, such as eggs and
manure, have benefited about 240 youth and women.
A total of 24 fishponds were constructed. Approximately 720 youth and women fish farmers
are expected to benefit from the sale of their products after harvest.
Comments
Training was provided for a total of 106 technicians/beneficiaries on poultry or
and follow-up
pond/aquaculture management practices.
action to be
The planned training session on agribusiness development and management was not carried
taken
out; however, these topics were partially covered at a market linkage workshop.
An aquaculture training module was developed and utilized.
A one-day workshop to link poultry and fish farmers to potential markets/buyers was attended
by 85 participants.
Beneficiary farmers received 30 motorbikes, eight solar-powered freezers and 12 cooler boxes.
6ENABLING SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS THROUGH ECONOMIC TCP/SIL/3702
DIVERSIFICATION IN THE KONO DISTRICT, SIERRA LEONE
Aquaculture and poultry enterprises established to increase income, improve food and nutrition security
Output 1
Indicators Target Achieved
Partially
Baseline
The project constructed 24 fishponds (of 400m2 each) across the 14 chiefdoms in Kono District. Each of these
fishponds was limed, fertilized and stocked with 800 fingerlings of tilapia and supplied with eight bags of 20 kg
each, (four of starter feed and four of grower feed). The ponds are expected to be ready for their first harvest in
the months after project completion. One pond was harvested under FAO supervision. Some ponds were (partly)
harvested by the fish farmers without FAO staff. As such, accurate data are not available.
As a way of committing the targeted beneficiaries to the implementation of the project, the project team
considered it necessary to involve them as casual labourers during the construction exercise, but they were
Comments
supervised by the technical staff of MFMR.
The project also made provisions to establish eight poultry farms within Kono District. A supervising construction
engineer was hired and permanently based in Kono to monitor the construction of all the poultry houses. Each of
the houses was stocked with 500 birds (16-week-old layers) and was provided with layer feed for three months.
The poultry houses were also equipped with all the necessary fittings designed for a deep litter system. The
project also supported Njala University and the MFMR with a multipurpose feed mill machine and generator
meant for the production of animal feed across the country.
Establish fishponds in 24 sites (400m2 per pond) and eight poultry houses
Achieved Yes
The contracts for poultry and fishpond input material were awarded at the start of the
Activity 1.1 COVID-19 crisis in Sierra Leone. Most of the items on the contract list were not locally available
Comments and required the vendor to import them from outside the country. Key among them were the
4 000 layer birds, drinkers, feeders, limestone and concentrate, fish feed etc. There was a delay
in the delivery of some of these items because of border restrictions.
Develop and implement training module on aquaculture
Achieved Yes
The Aquaculture Division of the MFMR, in collaboration with FAO, developed a training manual
Activity 1.2
in the form of a PowerPoint. It was used to train fishpond farmers on the general management
Comments
of aquaculture. It was decided by FAO that staff members of the MFMR were to be the lead
trainers, as it encouraged them to take ownership of the facilities at the end of the project.
Conduct capacity/skill needs assessment in agribusiness sectors
Achieved No
Activity 1.3 A similar assessment was done under the UNJP/SIL/048 project that was carried out across the
Comments 14 chiefdoms in Kono and ended in 2018. In order to avoid duplication of interventions and to
encourage project complementarity, it was used in the implementation of this project as well.
Training of technician and beneficiaries on establishment and management of poultry and fish farms
Achieved Yes
Prior to the construction of the 24 fishponds, about eight technicians were given a refresher
training on pond construction by the head and deputy head of aquaculture at MFMR. These
technicians were thereafter dispatched across the district to help facilitate the construction of
the fishponds. As a way of fostering ownership of the project among the targeted beneficiaries,
the project team considered it necessary to involve all members of the fishpond group as casual
labourers during the construction exercise, under the supervision of the technical staff of the
MFMR.
After the construction and stocking of 24 ponds, a four-day training led by the MFMR was also
conducted for 72 fish farmers. The rationale behind the training was to broaden the knowledge
Activity 1.4
of participants in basic aquaculture practices. The selection of trainees was based on their level
Comments
of commitment, gender (preference was given to women) and literacy skills. These selected
trainees were urged to train others in their local languages.
Another four days of intensive training of beneficiaries across the eight poultry houses on the
general management of poultry farming was conducted. A total of 26 trainees were selected
from the eight poultry houses, representing three participants from each of the poultry farming
groups and two livestock technicians from the MAFFS. The selection of trainees was also based
on their level of commitment and literacy skills. The training was also jointly conducted by
FAO and the Livestock Division of the MAFFS. The selected farmers were then urged to train the
remaining members of the group in their local languages to ensure full understanding of the
concepts.
7ENABLING SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS THROUGH ECONOMIC TCP/SIL/3702
DIVERSIFICATION IN THE KONO DISTRICT, SIERRA LEONE
Market linkages for the sale of poultry and fish products created for the targeted farmer groups
Output 2
Indicators Target Achieved
Yes
Baseline
In order to bridge the market linkage gap between the poultry and fish producers and private/public partners
for the sale of poultry and fish products, the project supported the beneficiary farmers with 30 motorbikes,
eight solar-powered freezers and 12 cool boxes.
The motorbikes were purchased instead of tricycles after taking into consideration that the cost of the latter
Comments
could not be accommodated under the budget and, most importantly, that tricycles could not be used in
certain road conditions.
Also, the project supported the Kono District COVID-19 Response Team with four motorbikes and helmets
to help with surveillance, contact tracing and social mobilization.
Linking poultry and fish farmers to the market
Achieved Yes
In collaboration with the MFMR and MAFFS, FAO implemented a sustainability approach by
conducting a one-day market workshop in a bid to link the poultry and fishpond farmers to
Activity 2.1
potential markets/buyers for the sales of poultry and fishpond products in Kono District. The
Comments
workshop attracted about 85 participants, targeting mostly fish and poultry farmers and
markets, including processors, local supermarkets, municipal markets, hospitals and mining
companies.
Establish storage facilities for fish and poultry products
Achieved Partially
Eight solar-powered freezers, including batteries, charge controllers and inverters were
distributed to poultry farming groups for safe storage to minimize the post-harvest losses of
Activity 2.2 their products prior to sale. This was fewer than the original target of 24 freezers.
Comments The cost for the 24 solar-powered freezers to be bought by the project was under budgeted, as
it did not include the cost of panels, batteries, charge controllers and inverters. The project team
decided to reduce the number from 24 to eight to accommodate for the above-mentioned
accessories.
Establish a transport system for poultry and fish products from the farm gate to the market
Achieved Yes
The project supported the beneficiary farmers with 30 motorbikes, eight solar-powered freezers
Activity 2.3
and 12 cooler boxes. The motorbikes are meant to enhance easy movement of farm goods from
Comments
the production site to the farm gate, and the cool boxes and solar-powered freezers will be used
to store produce in order to minimize post-harvest losses.
8Partnerships and Outreach For more information, please contact: Reporting@fao.org Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00153 Rome, Italy
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