Emergency Medicine Milestones - The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education - ACGME
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Emergency Medicine Milestones The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Implementation Date: July 1, 2021 Second Revision: February 2021 First Revision: December 2012 ©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes.
Emergency Medicine Milestones The Milestones are designed only for use in evaluation of residents in the context of their participation in ACGME-accredited residency programs. The Milestones provide a framework for the assessment of the development of the resident in key dimensions of the elements of physician competence in a specialty or subspecialty. They neither represent the entirety of the dimensions of the six domains of physician competency, nor are they designed to be relevant in any other context. ©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes. I
Emergency Medicine Milestones Work Group Michael Beeson, MD Douglas McGee, DO, FACEP Wallace Carter, MD Tiffany Murano, MD Robert Cooney, MD, MSMedEd Donald Phillips, DO Laura Edgar, EdD, CAE Hope Ring, MD Jo Anna Leuck, MD Ryan Starr, DO Valerie Lober, PhD The ACGME would like to thank the following organizations for their continued support in the development of the Milestones: American Board of Emergency Medicine Association of American Medical Colleges Council of Residency Directors in Emergency Medicine Emergency Medicine Residents’ Association Review Committee for Emergency Medicine ©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes. II
Understanding Milestone Levels and Reporting This document presents the Milestones, which programs use in a semi-annual review of resident performance, and then report to the ACGME. Milestones are knowledge, skills, attitudes, and other attributes for each of the ACGME Competencies organized in a developmental framework. The narrative descriptions are targets for resident performance throughout their educational program. Milestones are arranged into levels. Tracking from Level 1 to Level 5 is synonymous with moving from novice to expert resident in the specialty or subspecialty. For each reporting period, the Clinical Competency Committee will review the completed evaluations to select the milestone levels that best describe each learner’s current performance, abilities, and attributes for each subcompetency. These levels do not correspond with post-graduate year of education. Depending on previous experience, a junior resident may achieve higher levels early in his/her educational program just as a senior resident may be at a lower level later in his/her educational program. There is no predetermined timing for a resident to attain any particular level. Residents may also regress in achievement of their milestones. This may happen for many reasons, such as over scoring in a previous review, a disjointed experience in a particular procedure, or a significant act by the resident. Selection of a level implies the resident substantially demonstrates the milestones in that level, as well as those in lower levels (see the diagram on page vi). ©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes. iii
Additional Notes Level 4 is designed as a graduation goal but does not represent a graduation requirement. Making decisions about readiness for graduation and unsupervised practice is the purview of the program director. Furthermore, Milestones 2.0 include revisions and changes that preclude using Milestones as a sole assessment in high-stakes decisions (i.e., determination of eligibility for certification or credentialing). Level 5 is designed to represent an expert resident whose achievements in a subcompetency are greater than the expectation. Milestones are primarily designed for formative, developmental purposes to support continuous quality improvement for individual learners, education programs, and the specialty. The ACGME and its partners will continue to evaluate and perform research on the Milestones to assess their impact and value. Examples are provided for some milestones within this document. Please note: the examples are not the required element or outcome; they are provided as a way to share the intent of the element. Some milestone descriptions include statements about performing independently. These activities must occur in conformity to ACGME supervision guidelines as described in the Program Requirements, as well as to institutional and program policies. For example, a resident who performs a procedure independently must, at a minimum, be supervised through oversight. A Supplemental Guide is also available to provide the intent of each subcompetency, examples for each level, assessment methods or tools, and other available resources. The Supplemental Guide, like examples contained within the Milestones, is designed only to assist the program director and Clinical Competency Committee, and is not meant to demonstrate any required element or outcome. Additional resources are available in the Milestones section of the ACGME website. Follow the links under “What We Do” at www.acgme.org. ©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes. iv
The diagram below presents an example set of milestones for one sub-competency in the same format as the ACGME Report Worksheet. For each reporting period, a resident’s performance on the milestones for each sub-competency will be indicated by selecting the level of milestones that best describes that resident’s performance in relation to those milestones. Selecting a response box in the Selecting a response box on the line in middle of a level implies that between levels indicates that milestones milestones in that level and in lower in lower levels have been substantially levels have been substantially demonstrated as well as some demonstrated. milestones in the higher level(s). ©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes. v
Version 2 Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet Patient Care 1: Emergency Stabilization Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Detects when a patient’s Identifies a patient who is Identifies a patient with Ascertains, in a timely vital signs are abnormal unstable and requires occult presentation that is fashion, when further immediate intervention at risk for instability or clinical intervention for a deterioration patient is futile Assesses a patient’s Addresses the unstable Reassesses the patient’s Integrates hospital Manages patients with ABCs and performs vital signs and initiates status after support services into rare or complex basic interventions advanced resuscitation implementing a stabilizing the management of presentations requiring procedures and protocols intervention critically-ill or -injured emergency stabilization patients Comments: Not Yet Completed Level 1 Not Yet Assessable ©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes. 1
Version 2 Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet Patient Care 2: Performance of a Focused History and Physical Exam Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Elicits and Elicits and communicates Prioritizes essential Using all potential Models the effective use communicates a reliable a focused patient history components of a patient sources of data, gathers of a patient history and comprehensive patient and performs a focused history and physical those that are necessary physical exam to history and performs a physical exam that exam, given a limited or for the beneficial minimize the need for physical exam effectively address the dynamic circumstance management of patients further diagnostic testing patient’s chief complaint and urgent issues Comments: Not Yet Completed Level 1 Not Yet Assessable ©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes. 2
Version 2 Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet Patient Care 3: Diagnostic Studies Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Determines the need for Selects appropriate Given a limited or Practices cost-effective Proposes alternatives diagnostic studies diagnostic studies and dynamic circumstance, ordering of diagnostic when barriers exist to reviews the risks, prioritizes the diagnostic studies specific diagnostic studies benefits, and studies that are essential contraindications of them Demonstrates Interprets results of Orders and performs Considers the factors In the context of the understanding of diagnostic testing (e.g., diagnostic testing, that impact post-test patient presentation, diagnostic testing electrocardiogram (EKG), considering the pre-test probability discriminates between principles diagnostic radiology, probability of disease and subtle and/or conflicting point-of-care ultrasound) the likelihood of test diagnostic results results altering management Comments: Not Yet Completed Level 1 Not Yet Assessable ©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes. 3
Version 2 Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet Patient Care 4: Diagnosis Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Constructs a list of Provides a prioritized Provides a diagnosis for Provides a diagnosis for Serves as a role model potential diagnoses differential diagnosis common medical patients with multiple and educator to other based on the patient’s conditions and comorbidities or learners for deriving chief complaint and initial demonstrates the ability uncommon medical diagnoses and assessment to modify a diagnosis conditions, recognizing recognizing errors in based on a patient’s errors in clinical clinical reasoning clinical course and reasoning additional data Comments: Not Yet Completed Level 1 Not Yet Assessable ©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes. 4
Version 2 Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet Patient Care 5: Pharmacotherapy Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Describes the different Selects appropriate agent Considers array of drug Selects the appropriate Participates in developing classifications of for therapeutic therapy and selects agent based on patient departmental and/or pharmacologic agents intervention appropriate agent based preferences, allergies, institutional policies on on mechanism of action cost, policies, and pharmacy and and intended effect clinical guidelines therapeutics Consistently asks Evaluates for potential Recognizes and acts Recognizes and acts patients for drug adverse effects of upon common adverse upon uncommon and allergies pharmacotherapy and effects and interactions unanticipated adverse drug-to-drug interactions effects and interactions Comments: Not Yet Completed Level 1 Not Yet Assessable ©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes. 5
Version 2 Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet Patient Care 6: Reassessment and Disposition Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Describes basic Makes a disposition Makes a disposition Makes disposition Participates in institutional resources available (e.g., decision for patients with decision for patients with decision for patients committees to develop follow-up care, routine conditions routine conditions, with with complex systems that enhance rehabilitation, transfer needing minimal resource utilization conditions, with safe patient disposition centers) resources resource utilization and maximizes resources Describes basic patient Educates patients on Educates patients Educates patients on education plans simple discharge and regarding diagnosis, complex discharge and admission plans treatment plan, admission plans, medication review and including complex primary care transfers physician/consultant appointments Identifies the need for Monitors that necessary Identifies which patients Evaluates changes in Participates in the patient re-evaluation diagnostic and will require ongoing clinical status during a development of protocols therapeutic interventions emergency department patient’s emergency to enhance patient safety are performed evaluation and evaluates department course the effectiveness of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions Comments: Not Yet Completed Level 1 Not Yet Assessable ©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes. 6
Version 2 Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet Patient Care 7: Multitasking (Task-Switching) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Manages a single patient Task-switches between Employs task-switching in Employs task-switching Employs task switching in amidst distractions different patients of an efficient manner to in an efficient manner to an efficient manner to similar acuity manage multiple patients manage the emergency manage the emergency of varying acuity and at department department under high- varying stages of work-up volume or surge situations Comments: Not Yet Completed Level 1 Not Yet Assessable ©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes. 7
Version 2 Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet Patient Care 8: General Approach to Procedures Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Identifies indications for Assesses indications, Assesses indications, Acts to mitigate a procedure and risks, benefits, and risks, and benefits and modifiable risk factors in pertinent anatomy and alternatives and obtains weighs alternatives in high-risk situations physiology informed consent in low- high-risk situations to moderate-risk situations Performs basic Performs and interprets Performs and interprets Independently performs Teaches advanced therapeutic procedures basic procedures, with advanced procedures, and interprets advanced procedures and (e.g., suturing, splinting) assistance with guidance procedures independently performs rare, time-sensitive procedures Recognizes common Manages common Independently Performs procedural peer complications complications recognizes and review manages complex and uncommon complications Comments: Not Yet Completed Level 1 Not Yet Assessable ©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes. 8
Version 2 Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet Medical Knowledge 1: Scientific Knowledge Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Demonstrates scientific Demonstrates scientific Integrates scientific Integrates scientific Pursues and integrates knowledge of common knowledge of complex knowledge of comorbid knowledge of new and emerging presentations and presentations and conditions for complex uncommon, atypical, or knowledge conditions conditions presentations complex comorbid conditions for complex presentations Comments: Not Yet Completed Level 1 Not Yet Assessable ©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes. 9
Version 2 Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet Medical Knowledge 2: Treatment and Clinical Reasoning Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Demonstrates Demonstrates knowledge Demonstrates knowledge Demonstrates Contributes to the body of knowledge of treatment of treatment of patients of the impact of patient comprehensive knowledge on the varying of common conditions with complex conditions factors on treatment knowledge of the patterns of disease varying patterns of presentation, and disease presentation alternative and adjuvant and alternative and treatments of patients adjuvant treatments of patients Identifies types of clinical Identifies types of clinical Applies clinical reasoning Continually re-appraises Coaches others to reasoning errors within reasoning errors within principles to one’s clinical reasoning recognize and avoid patient care, with patient care retrospectively identify to prospectively cognitive errors substantial guidance cognitive errors minimize cognitive errors and manage uncertainty Comments: Not Yet Completed Level 1 Not Yet Assessable ©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes. 10
Version 2 Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet Systems-Based Practice 1: Patient Safety Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Demonstrates Identifies system factors Participates in analysis of Conducts analysis of Actively engages teams knowledge of common that lead to patient safety patient safety events patient safety events and processes to modify patient safety events events (simulated or actual) and offers error systems for preventing prevention strategies patient safety events (simulated or actual) Demonstrates Reports patient safety Participates in disclosure Discloses patient safety Acts as a role model knowledge of how to events through of patient safety events to events to patients and and/or mentor for others report patient safety institutional reporting patients and families families (simulated or in the disclosing of patient events systems (simulated or (simulated or actual) actual) safety events actual) Comments: Not Yet Completed Level 1 ©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes. 11
Version 2 Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet Systems-Based Practice 2: Quality Improvement Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Demonstrates Describes local quality Participates in local Demonstrates the skills Creates, implements, and knowledge of basic improvement initiatives quality improvement required for identifying, assesses quality quality improvement (e.g., emergency initiatives developing, improvement initiatives at methodologies and department throughput, implementing, and the institutional or metrics testing turnaround times) analyzing a quality community level improvement project Comments: Not Yet Completed Level 1 ©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes. 12
Version 2 Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet Systems-Based Practice 3: System Navigation for Patient-Centered Care Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Demonstrates In routine clinical In complex clinical Serves as a role model, Analyzes the process of knowledge of care situations, effectively situations, effectively effectively coordinates care coordination and coordination coordinates patient care coordinates patient care patient-centered care leads in the design and integrating the roles of by integrating the roles of among different implementation of interprofessional teams the interprofessional disciplines and improvements teams specialties Identifies key elements In routine clinical In complex clinical Serves as a role model, Improves quality of for safe and effective situations, enables safe situations, enables safe advocates for safe and transitions of care within transitions of care and and effective transitions of and effective transitions of effective transitions of and across health care hand-offs care/hand-offs care/hand-offs care/hand-offs within delivery systems to and across health care optimize patient outcomes delivery systems, including outpatient settings Demonstrates Identifies specific Effectively uses local Participates in changing Leads innovations and knowledge of population population and resources to meet the and adapting practice to advocates for populations and community health community health needs needs of a patient provide for the needs of and communities with needs and disparities and inequities for their population and specific populations health care inequities local population community Comments: Not Yet Completed Level 1 ©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes. 13
Version 2 Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet Systems-Based Practice 4: Physician Role in Health Care Systems Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Identifies key Describes how Discusses how individual Manages various Advocates for or leads components of the components of a complex practice affects the components of the systems change that complex health care health care system are broader system (e.g., complex health care enhances high value, system (e.g., hospital, interrelated, and how this length of stay, system to provide efficient, and effective skilled nursing facility, impacts patient care readmission rates, clinical efficient and effective patient care, and the finance, personnel, efficiency) patient care and the transition of care technology) transition of care Describes basic health Delivers care with Engages patients in Advocates for patient Participates in health payment systems, consideration of each shared decision making, care needs with policy advocacy activities including (e.g., patient’s payment model informed by each consideration of the government, private, (e.g., insurance type) patient’s payment models limitations of each public, uninsured care) patient’s payment practice models model Identifies basic Demonstrates efficient Describes core Analyzes individual knowledge domains integration of information administrative practice patterns and required for medical technology required for knowledge needed for professional requirements practice (e.g., information medical practice (e.g., the transition to practice technology, legal, billing, electronic health record, (e.g., contract coding, financial, and documentation required negotiation, malpractice personnel aspects) for billing and coding) insurance, government regulation, compliance) Comments: Not Yet Completed Level 1 ©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes. 14
Version 2 Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet Practice-Based Learning and Improvement 1: Evidence-Based and Informed Practice Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Demonstrates how to Articulates the clinical Locates and applies the Critically appraises and Coaches others to access and use available questions that are best available evidence, applies evidence even critically appraise and evidence necessary to guide integrating it with patient in the face of apply evidence for evidence-based care preference, to the care of uncertainty and of complex patients, and/or complex patients conflicting evidence to participates in the guide care that is development of guidelines tailored to the individual patient Comments: Not Yet Completed Level 1 ©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes. 15
Version 2 Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet Practice-Based Learning and Improvement 2: Reflective Practice and Commitment to Personal Growth Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Demonstrates an Demonstrates an Seeks and accepts Using performance Acts as a role model for openness to openness to performance performance data for data, continually the development of performance data data and uses it to developing personal and improves and measures personal and professional (feedback and other develop personal and professional goals the effectiveness of goals input) professional goals one’s personal and professional goals Identifies the factors that Analyzes and reflects Analyzes, reflects on, Coaches others on contribute to the gap(s) upon the factors that and institutes behavioral reflective practice between expectations and contribute to gap(s) change(s) to narrow the actual performance between expectations and gap(s) between actual performance expectations and actual performance Comments: Not Yet Completed Level 1 ©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes. 16
Version 2 Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet Professionalism 1: Professional Behavior and Ethical Principles Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Demonstrates Identifies and describes Exhibits professional Sets apart those Coaches others when professional behavior in potential triggers and behavior in complex situations that might their behavior fails to routine situations and in takes responsibility for and/or stressful situations trigger professionalism meet professional how to report professionalism lapses lapses and intervenes expectations professionalism lapses to prevent them in oneself and others Demonstrates Analyzes straightforward Analyzes complex Uses appropriate Identifies and addresses knowledge of the ethical situations using ethical situations using ethical resources for managing system-level factors that principles underlying principles principles, and recognizes and resolving ethical either induce or patient care the need to seek help in dilemmas exacerbate ethical managing and resolving problems or impede their them resolution Comments: Not Yet Completed Level 1 ©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes. 17
Version 2 Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet Professionalism 2: Accountability/Conscientiousness Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 In routine situations, In routine situations, In complex or stressful Recognizes situations Takes ownership of performs tasks and performs tasks and situations, performs tasks that might impact system outcomes responsibilities with responsibilities in a timely and responsibilities in a others’ ability to appropriate attention to manner with appropriate timely manner with complete tasks and detail attention to detail appropriate attention to responsibilities detail Responds promptly to Takes responsibility for Recognizes situations Proactively implements requests and reminders failure to complete tasks that might impact one’s strategies to ensure that to complete tasks and and responsibilities own ability to complete the needs of patients, responsibilities tasks and responsibilities teams, and systems are in a timely manner, and met describes strategies for ensuring timely task completion in the future Comments: Not Yet Completed Level 1 ©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes. 18
Version 2 Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet Professionalism 3: Self-Awareness and Well-Being Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Recognizes, with Independently recognizes With assistance, Independently develops Coaches others when assistance, the status of the status of one’s proposes a plan to a plan to optimize one’s their emotional responses one’s personal and personal and professional optimize personal and personal and or level of professional well-being well-being and engages in professional well-being professional well-being knowledge/skills fail to help-seeking behaviors meet professional expectations Comments: Not Yet Completed Level 1 This subcompetency is not intended to evaluate a resident’s well-being. Rather, the intent is to ensure that each resident has the fundamental knowledge of factors that affect well-being, the mechanisms by which those factors affect well-being, and available resources and tools to improve well-being. ©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes. 19
Version 2 Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet Interpersonal and Communication Skills 1: Patient- and Family-Centered Communication Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Uses language and non- Establishes a therapeutic Establishes a therapeutic Easily establishes Acts as a mentor to others verbal behavior to reflect relationship in relationship therapeutic relationships in situational awareness respect and establish straightforward encounters in challenging patient with patients, regardless and critical self-reflection rapport while accurately with patients using active encounters of the complexity of with the aim of consistently communicating one’s own listening and clear cases developing positive role within the health care language therapeutic relationships system and minimizing communication barriers Identifies common Identifies complex barriers When prompted, reflects Independently barriers to effective to effective communication on one’s personal biases, recognizes personal communication (e.g., (e.g., health literacy, while attempting to biases of patients, while language, disability) cultural, technology) minimize communication attempting to proactively barriers minimize communication barriers With insight gained Organizes and initiates With guidance, sensitively Independently uses Acts as a role model to through an assessment of communication with a and compassionately shared decision making exemplify shared decision patient/family patient/family by clarifying delivers medical with a patient/family to making in patient/family expectations coupled with expectations and verifying information to patients, align their values, goals, communication that an understanding of their one’s understanding of the elicits patient/family values, and preferences with embodies various degrees health status and clinical situation learns their goals and potential treatment of uncertainty/conflict treatment options, adjusts preferences, and options and ultimately to one’s communication acknowledges uncertainty achieve a personalized strategies and conflict care plan Comments: Not Yet Completed Level 1 ©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes. 20
Version 2 Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet Interpersonal and Communication Skills 2: Interprofessional and Team Communication Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Respectfully requests a Clearly and concisely Integrates Acts as a role model for consultation requests a consultation or recommendations made flexible communication other resources for by various members of strategies, i.e., those patient care the health care team to strategies that value optimize patient care input from all health care team members and that resolve conflict when needed Uses language that Communicates Engages in active Uses effective Acts as a role model for reflects the values all information effectively listening to adapt to the communication to lead communication skills members of the health with all health care team communication styles of or manage health care necessary to lead or care team members the team teams manage health care teams Receives feedback in a Solicits feedback on Communicates concerns Communicates In complex situations, respectful manner performance as a and provides feedback to feedback and facilitates regular health member of the health peers and learners constructive criticism to care team-based care team superiors feedback Comments: Not Yet Completed Level 1 ©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes. 21
Version 2 Emergency Medicine, ACGME Report Worksheet Interpersonal and Communication Skills 3: Communication within Health Care Systems Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Accurately documents Demonstrates organized Concisely reports Communicates clearly, Models feedback to information in the diagnostic and diagnostic and concisely, and improve others’ written patient’s record and therapeutic reasoning therapeutic reasoning in contemporaneously in communication safeguards the patient’s through the patient record the patient record an organized written personal information in a timely manner form, including anticipatory guidance Communicates through Respectfully Uses appropriate Initiates difficult Facilitates dialogue appropriate channels as communicates concerns channels to offer clear conversations with regarding systems issues required by institutional about the system and constructive appropriate among larger community policy (e.g., patient suggestions for improving stakeholders to improve stakeholders (e.g., safety reports, cell the system the system institution, the health care phone/pager usage) system, and/or the field) Comments: Not Yet Completed Level 1 ©2021 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) All rights reserved except the copyright owners grant third parties the right to use the Emergency Medicine Milestones on a non-exclusive basis for educational purposes. 22
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