Effects of Fifa 11+ on Body Composition in Obese Women - Open Journal Systems
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312 Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, August 2020, Vol. 11, No. 8
Effects of Fifa 11+ on Body Composition in Obese Women
Nur Azis Rohmansyah1,3, Ashira Hiruntrakul2
1
Student, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Graduate School, Khon Kaen University,
Thailand, 2Assistant Professor, Department of Branch of Sport Science, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineer,
Khon Kaen University, Nong Khai Campus, Thailand, 3Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education,
Universitas PGRI Semarang, Indonesia
Abstract
Background/Objective: Studies dealing with the effectiveness of the Fédération Internationale de Football
Association (FIFA) 11+ prevention program to improve body composition outcomes in obese women aged
30-40 years are limited. This study aimed to point out the effects of the application of FIFA 11+ warm-up
program on body compostion in obese women.
Methods: Participants were 54 obese women, divided into a FIFA 11+ (n = 27; mean (SD) age: 35.29 (2.90)
y) and a control group (n = 27; age: 35.29 (2.71) y) and trained for 6 weeks. Before and after the training
period, body composition test were assessed.
Results: The results showed that the FIFA 11+ training program group showed a significant improvement in
the BMI and body fat but there were no significant time and group interaction effects.
Conclusions: The main findings of this study suggest that just 6 weeks of implementation of the FIFA 11+
improves body composition compared in obese women.
Keywords: FIFA 11+, body composition, obese women
Background Literature regarding lipid profiles also has an impact
on obese women. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, and
Obese women is a serious public health concern LDL cholesterol is higher in obese women(4). LDL
worldwide(1). In Indonesia, women aged 30-40 years had cholesterol and total cholesterol have a contribution to
obesity (14.8%) in 2012(2). In 2013-2018, these figures cardiorespiratory disease and its clinical consequences
had risen to obesity women (21.8%)(2), highlighting such as coronary heart disease(5). The risk of
the need for effective prevention strategies tostem, and cardiovascular disease is also affected by HDL-C(6).
reverse to the growth of obese women in Indonesia. Low levels of cardiorespiratory ftness (VO2max) and a
Specifically, with the evidence of a greater burden high percentage of body fat (% BF) are risk factors for
of obesity in the most disadvantaged in developed many chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension,
countries, obesity-treatment strategies targeting healthy dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease that increase
disadvantaged communities are required. In addition, risk of morbidity and mortality(7). Another consequence
more women suffer the obesity or extreme obesity of low levels of physical activity is poor muscular
compared to men(3). strength that is an independent risk factor for diabetes and
cardiovascular disease as well as all-cause mortality(8).
Corresponding Author: The “11+” program of the Fédération Internationale
Ashira Hiruntrakul, PhD, de Football Association (FIFA) is a very widespread
Department of Branch of Sport Science, Faculty of program, aimed at injury prevention(9). The injury
Applied Science and Engineer, Khon Kaen University, prevention program is created for football, however, it
Nong Khai Campus, Thailand. Email: hashir@kku.ac.th also received attention from other sports(10). As FIFAIndian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, August 2020, Vol. 11, No. 8 313
11+ may share similarities with aerobic exercise as the FIFA 11 + for 6 weeks may induce improvements in
moderate to higher intensity (> 30-40% VO2max) and body composition in obese women.
250-300 minutes/week (20 minutes/day) may also be
similar(11). Acknowledging the similarities and the Material and Methods
key elements in FIFA 11+ program, we consider that Participants
the program may also contribute to obesity. To our
knowledge, the first study with FIFA 11+ applied on The participants who were recruited the obese women
obesity revealed performance enhancements in body aged 30-40 years old from Yogyakarta, Indonesia with
composition of women. recruitment systems through an advertisement placed
around Yogyakarta. Fifty-four samples were selected
Thus, this study aimed to analyze effects of the and randomly allocated by a blinded assistant into two
FIFA 11+ on body composition of obese women. Based groups (Table 1).
on current literature, we hypothesize that performing
Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the participants stratified by group
Characteristics Intervention n=27 Control n=27
Age (years) 35.29 ± 2.90 35.29 ± 2.71
Weight (kg) 72.41 ± 3.21 72.22 ± 3.36
Height (m) 1.60 ± 0.03 1.60 ± 0.03
BMI (kg/m2) 28.03 ± 0.75 27.96 ± 1.06
Body Fat (%) 35.61 ± 1.11 35.52 ± 1.62
Waist circumference (cm) 90.11 ± 1.18 89.37 ± 1.75
Systolic (mmHg) 140.18 ± 5.94 137.07 ± 7.62
Diastolic (mmHg) 95.55 ± 3.85 93.92 ± 4.67
mean ± SD The randomized controlled trial design was
used in this study. The fully eligible participants that
The participants were evaluated against the eligibility participated in the study were randomized and assigned
criteria to determine if they met the requirements to by www.randomizer.org, without any affiliation or
participate in the study. The inclusion criteria for this acknowledgment of the participants in the control and
study were: 1) to obese women between 30-40 years old, experimental groups.
2) BMI ³ 25-29.9 (Obesity I(12)), 3) physically inactive
less than 3 months (exercise ≤ 45 min/session and ≤ 2 Interventions
times/week). Written informed consent was provided
The assistant of the intervention group was selected
by the participants and all procedures were handled
to administer the FIFA 11+ during the warm-up with the
according to the Declaration of Helsinki. The study
intensity controlled at the individualized HR, with formal
obtained approval from the ethics committee of Khon
training guaranteed by the researcher. The assistant was
Kaen University (Decision number: HE622224).
selected as the key element to administer the program
Procedures to reassure a better rate of participants compilance
towards the program. Paper and video support was
Study design314 Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, August 2020, Vol. 11, No. 8
prearranged for the participants in the intervention the week, after a 48 hour rest period following the last
group. All participants started in level 1 and evolved intervention in the end.
to level 2 in three weeks as predicted in the FIFA 11+
manual, meaning that all participants had three weeks Data Analysis
of FIFA 11+ in level 3. The average of 20 minutes to Statistical analysis used SPSS version 20.0 (IBM
complete the FIFA 11+ and short breaks of 1-2 minutes SPSS Statistics for Windows, IBM Corp, Armonk,
were allowed. Every participant wore a HR monitor New York, USA). Data were expressed as the mean
(Polar Electro, Finland) during the training. An alarm on ± standard deviations (SD). The normality of the data
the HR monitor was set at ± 5 beats of the target HR to was evaluated using the Kolmogorov Smirnov test.
judge the exercise intensity. During the intervention, one If the normal distribution is found the parametricm,
doctor and physiotherapist visited the group. The control the statistics will be used analysis. Independent t-tests
participants maintained their individual habit of physical will be used to determine differences between baseline
activity and did not engage in any prescribed exercise values. Differences in means within the intervention
training during the interventions. and control groups were compared by the paired t-test.
One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated
Outcome measures
measure will be used to assess differences between the
The participants baseline characteristics such as age two groups. If a significant value is observed, Bonferroni
and dominant leg were recorded with a pre-designed posthoc test will be applied. The statistical significance
questionnaire(13). Participants only used minimal level was set a p ≤ 0.05 for all analyses.
clothing (underwear) and jewellery were removed and
were advised not to move and not talk during body Results
composition measurements (body weight (kg), fat per In the present study, no severe injuries were
cent (%)) using Karada Scan Body Composition HBF observed that would influence participation in the study.
375 (Omron Healthcare, Kyoto, Japan). The BMI/ In body composition, there were no significant time and
Body Mass Index is calculated by the formula weight/ group interaction effects for the BMI, body fat, and waist
kg divided by height/m that is expressed in squares (kg/ circumference in the baseline. However, there were
m2). A measuring placed on a measuring tape at the significant time and group interaction effects for the
part of the iliac crest to measure waist circumference BMI and body fat in the pre-test (3 week) (p=0.000), and
is measured in centimetres (cm) and the height of the BMI, body fat, waist circumference in the post-test (6
players with the digital stationary stadiometer (DS-103, week) (p=0.000) (Table 2). There were also significant
DongSahn Jenix, Seoul, Korea). difference in between groups comparison between FIFA
11+ in BMI, body fat, waist circumference(p=0.000)
For each testing protocol, all participants received
(Table 3).
verbal directives and visual demonstrations from the
examiner. All tests were performed at the beginning of
Table 2. Changes in lipid profiles, body composition, and physical fitness
Baseline Pre-test Post-test
Variable Group p p p
(3 week) (6 week)
FIFA 26.61 ± 24.79 ±
28.03 ± 0.75
BMI 11+ 0.56 0.20
0.793 0.000* 0.000*
(kg/m2) 27.72 ± 27.72 ±
Control 27.96 ± 1.06
1.06 1.06Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, August 2020, Vol. 11, No. 8 315
Cont... Table 2. Changes in lipid profiles, body composition, and physical fitness
33.64 ± 31.10 ±
FIFA 11+ 35.61 ± 1.11
Body Fat 0.90 0.90
0.809 0.000* 0.000*
(%) 35.18 ± 35.18 ±
Control 35.52 ± 1.62
1.62 1.62
87.51 ± 81.40 ±
Waist FIFA 11+ 90.11 ± 1.18
0.075 1.96 2.06
Circumface 0.288 0.000*
(cm) 88.22 ± 88.22 ±
Control 89.37 ± 1.75
2.15 2.15
values are Mean ± SD
*interaction effect between group ant time (p < 0.05), tested by paired t test
Table 3. Changes in lipid profiles, body composition, and physical fitness
FIFA 11+ Control
Variable Post- Post-
Pre-test Pre-test
test test
Baseline (3 p Baseline (3 p
(6 (6
week) week)
week) week)
BMI 28.03 ± 26.61 ± 24.79 ± 27.96 ± 27.72 ± 27.72 ±
0.000* 0.630
(kg/m2) 0.75 0.56 0.03 1.06 1.06 1.06
Body Fat 35.61 ± 33.64 ± 31.10 ± 35.52 ± 35.18 ± 35.18 ±
0.000* 0.683
(%) 1.11 0.90 0.51 1.62 0.31 0.31
Waist
Circumface 90.11 ± 87.51 ± 81.40 ± 89.37 ± 88.22 ± 88.22 ±
0.000* 0.062
1.18 1.96 2.06 1.75 2.15 2.15
(cm)
Values are Mean ± SD
*Interaction effect between group and time (p < 0.05), tested by repeated measure analysis of variance
Discussion impact on obese women’s body composition. The
findings of the current study indicate that the training
Despite the great success of the FIFA 11+ injury
stimuli provided by the implementation of FIFA 11+
prevention program, it was difficult, in practical terms,
three times per week for six weeks appear to be sufficient
to persuade obese women to apply for this program
to elicit significant improvements in body composition.
regularly solely to prevent injuries and healthy, so the
aim was to prove that it also has a positive and direct316 Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, August 2020, Vol. 11, No. 8
It is well documented that regular aerobic exercise Conclusions
training reduces body mass by increasing the amount
The main findings of this study suggest that just
of calories expended(14). On the other hand, studies on
6 weeks of implementation of the FIFA 11+ warm-up
FIFA 11+ programs performed 3 times per week for a
program improves body composition. Therefore, the
period of 6 weeks in obese women have demonstrated
FIFA 11 + program can be considered appropriate for this
consistencies in their findings concerning body
age, as it seems to be adequate for inducing significant
composition, specifically body mass(15–20). Keating et
performance enhancements in obese women. Moreover,
al.(15) and Wallman et al.(16) found a significant reduction
given the improvements in body composition, our study
in body mass with exercise programs in obese women. In
would advocate the introduction of these essential
comparison, Trapp et al.(19) found a significant reduction
movement competency skills in obese women aged 30-
in body mass with 15 weeks of exercise programs in
40 years.
young women. Although there was no statistically
significant difference in calorie expenditure between Conflict of Interest
the two interventions. Furthermore, a significant change
in body mass in the FIFA 11+ group may be attributed The authors declare no conflict of interest.
to an increase in muscle mass(21). This suggests that Funding: This study was funded by Khon Kaen
leg muscle mass was increased due to the nature of University scholarship for ASEAN-GMS Countries and
treadmill incline running during the FIFA 11+ program, the scholarship for Study and Research in Abroad Fiscal
therefore compensating for the lack of change in body Year 2020, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University.
mass. Gremeaux et al.(22) demonstrated that an exercise
program combined with nine months of nutritional Ethical Clearance: This study was approved by the
counseling significantly improved body mass, BMI, ethics committee of Khon Kaen University (Decision
and waist circumference in obese adults. The findings number: HE622224).
of the present study are consistent with limited previous
research that has shown similar improvements in References
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