Digital Game-Based Learning (DGBL) Through Kahoot: A Learner-Centric Approach in Nursing Education - Systematic Review
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International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research
Vol.7; Issue: 3; July-Sept. 2022
Website: ijshr.com
Review Article ISSN: 2455-7587
Digital Game-Based Learning (DGBL) Through
Kahoot: A Learner-Centric Approach in Nursing
Education - Systematic Review
Mini Simon M1, Nisha C K2, Tripti K Srivastava3
1
Department of Health Profession Education, Dutta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur
2
Department of Psychiatry Nursing, St Johns College of Nursing, Bangalore,
3
Dept of Health Profession Education, Dutta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India.
Corresponding Author: Mini Simon M
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20220704
ABSTRACT outcomes; hence a narrative synthesis is
presented.
Introduction: The teaching-learning activities Results: A total of 10 research articles
in nursing have changed tremendously in the published in peer-reviewed journals were
post-COVID-19 situation around the world. The included in this study. Three synthesized
learning style of Z generation students demands findings were generated from the categories:
a technologically sound and sprightly chosen (i) Kahoot is implemented as a teaching and
method of evaluation. Digital Game-based assessment tool in nursing. (ii) Acknowledging
learning is one of the components of the as a source of motivation for learners. (iii)
Learning Management System which figures a Encourages the learners to reflect on their
great level of student motivation and strengths and weakness as an "assessment for
participation in interactive learning which learning tool". (iv) Through digital-based
incorporates different teaching styles. Kahoot! games students understand complex concepts,
Is a Game-Based Learning platform used to promote critical thinking, and acquire decision-
review students' knowledge, for formative making skills. However, there is one study that
assessment, or as a break from traditional shows no significant effect in the interventional
classroom activities? group.
Objective: To explore the teaching and learning Conclusion: Kahoot assists to create a dynamic
experiences of nursing students using the learning environment and enhances the long-
Kahoot!.app. term retention of information. Gaming makes a
Methodology: A comprehensive search of positive impact on the teaching/learning
MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Knowledge, process. The nursing curriculum can be
Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, fortified with a robust method of learner-centric
PsycINFO, and CINAHL from 2013 to April methods like digital-based gamification-Kahoot,
2022 was conducted. Qualitative and to cater to the learning needs of digital natives
quantitative studies, Randomized controlled of present nursing students.
trials (RCTs), and systematic reviews in the
English language were only included in the Keywords: [Learner-centric Approach, Kahoot,
search. The reviewer searched, screened, Digital Game-Based Learning, Gamification,
assessed study quality, and extracted data. Nursing Education, formative assessment,
Literature search strategies and article retrieval Assessment for Learning]
was guided by -Preferred Reporting Items for
Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis INTRODUCTION
(PRISMA). Meta-analysis was not considered The advancements in technology have
valid due to the heterogeneity of identified enabled the health professionals to extract
populations, interventions, comparisons, and
the maximum benefit of it and helped the
International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research (www.ijshr.com) 14
Vol.7; Issue: 3; July-September 2022Mini Simon M et.al. Digital Game-Based Learning (DGBL) Through Kahoot: A Learner-Centric Approach in
Nursing Education -Systematic Review
world education scenario to introduce MATERIALS & METHODS
change in health care, especially in post Design: A systematic review of quantitative
COVID Era. Teaching-learning activities and qualitative studies was carried out.
are an integral part of professional nursing Search methods: A comprehensive search of
courses. The teaching methods and MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Knowledge,
evaluation methods emphasised the learning Cochrane Central Register of Controlled
styles of students and enhance the outcome Trials, PsycINFO, and CINAHL from 2013
of education. The learning styles of students to April 2022 was conducted. Qualitative
have changed in the 21st century and the and quantitative studies, Randomized
nursing educators are incisive about the controlled trials (RCTs), and systematic
learning style of Z-generation students. As a reviews in the English language were only
learner-centric approach brings out timely included in the search. The reviewers
and constructive feedback to students about searched, screened, assessed study quality,
their learning process, Digital Game-Based and abstracted the data.
Learning is one of the strategies that can be
adopted in nursing education. Gamification Inclusion criteria
promotes the nursing instructors to use • Randomized Control Trials (RCTs), pre-
technology and gaming aptly to stimulate test/post-test design, and systematic
the interest of students in the subject.[1] The reviews included in the search.
educational games are molded by self- • Focused on teaching-learning activities
determination theory and social cognitive related to nursing.
theory. [2] Critical thinking and decision-
making skills are promoted through game- Exclusion criteria
based learning which prepares the students • Reports of computer-based individual
to be competitive and efficient in their learning.
profession.[3] • Studies related to Post Graduate
Kahoot is a fun-based e-learning platform education/ Registered Nurses (RN).
that enables health education professionals • Studies other than the English language.
to teach their students dynamically and
effectively.[4] Through Kahoot, individuals Literature search strategies and article
can distinguish their learning process retrieval was guided by -Preferred
through peer-to-peer interaction and also Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews
constructive feedback from the facilitator[5]. and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Meta-
It facilitates continual learning, and can be analysis was not deemed appropriate due to
used as a tool for "assessment for the heterogeneity of populations,
learning".[6] interventions, comparisons, and outcomes,
The review aims to investigate the learning and a narrative synthesis is presented.
experience of nursing students through
Kahoot.
Table.1 SUMMARY OF SYNTHESIS OF ACCEPTED ARTICLES
Sl.no Title of article Type of study& Findings Reference
place
1 Impact of educational games on academic Prospective, Quasi- - Kahoot! Promotes knowledge acquisition Castro MJ
outcomes of students in the Degree in Experimental, and comprehension. (2019)
Nursing Spain It also promotes teacher-student interaction
(pMini Simon M et.al. Digital Game-Based Learning (DGBL) Through Kahoot: A Learner-Centric Approach in
Nursing Education -Systematic Review
4 The first-year nursing students' Observational cross- -66.19%students found Kahoot! easy to use, Coveney K
evaluation of Kahoot! to facilitate sectional study, helpful for learning especially concerning (2022)
learning and testing knowledge. Ireland and Italy formative assessment
5 The effects of web-based education and the semi- The Kahoot! group had significantly higher Öz
Kahoot usage in the evaluation of the experimental study, mean scores in knowledge scores and skill GÖ(2021)
knowledge and skills regarding Turkey performance for intramuscular injection.
intramuscular injection among nursing
students
6 Using the "Kahoot.it a Game to Enhance Prospective, Quasi- Independent t-test showed that the Kahoot! Jane M.
Undergraduate Nursing Students' Experimental, group had higher test scores. ( t=2.90, df= 97 Kurz (2017)
Learning Philadelphia. p=.005) (2- tailed) than the control group.
7 Digital Game-Based Learning: A Formative evaluation Kahoot is a digital tool that allows formative Solís de
Didactic Experience in the Pre-Degree of 4000 nursing evaluations, Fostering the teaching-learning Ovando,
Nursing Career students, Chile process, increasing the participation and (2018)
motivation of students during their training
8 Instructional Gaming: Using Kahoot! for Cross-sectional Students (100%) communicated that the Indra. H
Review study, USA Kahoot! the review was fun, interactive, and (2020)
kept them engaged in the classroom.
Kahoot! have the potential to innovate,
accelerate, enrich and deepen skills, and
motivate and engage students.
9 Feasibility of Kahoot! As a real-time Pre-test/post-test Kahoot provides an excellent learning Neureiter D
assessment design, environment and keeps the students self- (2020)
Tool in pathology classroom teaching Austria motivated including introverts.
10 To assess students' perception of Kahoot! Qualitative research Students (90%) accepted that Kahoot helped Ali MF,
is an innovative learning tool in -face to face verbal them to comprehend and retain knowledge (2021)
pathology- a qualitative study feedback,
Karachi
International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research (www.ijshr.com) 16
Vol.7; Issue: 3; July-September 2022Mini Simon M et.al. Digital Game-Based Learning (DGBL) Through Kahoot: A Learner-Centric Approach in
Nursing Education -Systematic Review
RESULT and [7] socialization among students leads to
There were 10 articles available that studied strengthening professional socialization
the effectiveness of Digital Game-Based which indirectly promotes professional
Learning (DGBL)through kahoot. There value acquisition.
were seven studies were conducted as quasi iii. Encourages the learners to reflect on
experimental study (n=7) and two cross- their strengths and weakness as an
sectional study(n=2). There was a "assessment for learning tool".
qualitative study on the perception of A stress-free environment is available for
students on kahoot. The studies were from learners with the components of
Austria(n=1), Spain (n=1), Turkey(n=2), edutainment. The faculty can interact with
Philadelphia (n=3), Karachi(n=1), Chile the students and facilitate teacher feedback.
(n=1), Italy(n=1), none of the studies are The formative assessment enables the
from India. the reviewers identified that one faculty as well as the learners through
study each in 2022,2019,2017 whereas three tutorials, problem-based learning activities,
studies in 2021, two studies in 2020 &2018 etc. [6]
were published. iv. Digital Games enable learners to
understand complex concepts,
DISCUSSION promote critical thinking, and acquire
Research question: Does the digital game - decision-making skills.
Kahoot enhance teaching-learning activities In Kahoot, the learners can be actively
among undergraduate nursing students? involved in the teaching sessions, and
Out of 10 identified articles, 9 reported that clarify their doubts then and there. Based on
Kahoot is effective in teaching-learning the complexity of the question and the level
activities. of students, questions and time for response
can be altered by the faculty [4,6,16]. The
The main findings are discussed below: nursing students need to apply their
problem-solving skills and critical thinking
i. Kahoot is implemented as a teaching skill acquired through this Digital Game-
and assessment tool in nursing. Based Learning is a pivotal role to enhance
A teacher-made assessment is possible by professionalism in their clinical practice.[11]
careful preparation of the quiz, polls, and Nursing is rooted in pragmatism and skill-
multiple-choice questions. It provides an like administration of Intra Muscular
opportunity to reinforce the learning. Unlike (IM)injection. Through the review of the
other teaching methods, Kahoot would responses of learners and constructive
enable the learners to give immediate feedback[13,14,16,17] from peer groups and the
[6]
feedback and promote learning. This tool faculty, Kahoot is also promising a chance
enables the students to comprehend and to develop skills that are essential to an
retain the knowledge, and develop an efficient professional nurse. [17]
interest in the subjects [5][8].
ii. Kahoot brings motivation for CONCLUSION
learners. The review reveals that there is a paucity of
The sessions are planned in such a way that research available on digital game-based
students get scores immediately and their learning through Kahoot. Available research
names are displayed on the board articles show that this strategy is effective in
motivating them to go to the further task. nursing education. The researchers need to
The group activities and active participation focus on the effectiveness of this approach
with peer groups [4,6] make the students as multiple cohort studies with control and
enjoy "learning with joy with the support of experimental groups. The qualitative studies
audio-visual stimuli." This competitiveness on the same will provide the effects of
International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research (www.ijshr.com) 17
Vol.7; Issue: 3; July-September 2022Mini Simon M et.al. Digital Game-Based Learning (DGBL) Through Kahoot: A Learner-Centric Approach in
Nursing Education -Systematic Review
digital-based gaming in nursing education. Degree in Nursing. PloS one. 2019 Jul
Planning and implementing the Kahoot 29;14(7): e0220388.
teaching-learning activities enables the 8. Kinder FD, Kurz JM. Gaming strategies in
nurse educators and students to promote the nursing education. Teaching and Learning
educational objectives effectively, as a in Nursing. 2018 Oct 1;13(4):212-4.
formative learning tool. 9. Chaiyo Y, Nokham R. The effect of
Kahoot, Quizizz and Google Forms on the
Acknowledgment: None student's perception in the classrooms
response system. In2017 International
Conflict of Interest: None Conference on Digital Arts, Media and
Technology (ICDAMT) 2017 Mar 1 (pp.
178-182). IEEE.
Source of Funding: None
10. Narnaware R, Neumeier M. Short-term
Physiological Knowledge Retention in
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Vol.7; Issue: 3; July-September 2022Mini Simon M et.al. Digital Game-Based Learning (DGBL) Through Kahoot: A Learner-Centric Approach in
Nursing Education -Systematic Review
Research Conference 2020: Transforming How to cite this article: Mini Simon M, Nisha
Nursing Education Through Evidence C K, Tripti K Srivastava. Digital game-based
Generation and Translation;2020 learning (DGBL) through Kahoot: a learner-
Washington, DC, USA. Available from centric approach in nursing education -
http://hdl.handle.net/10755/20127. systematic review. International Journal of
Science & Healthcare Research. 2022; 7(3):
14-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/
ijshr.20220704
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