Design and Fabrication of Treadmill Bicycle - Aegaeum Journal
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AEGAEUM JOURNAL ISSN NO: 0776-3808
Design and Fabrication of Treadmill Bicycle
1
M. Sampathkumar, 2J. Abishek, 3M. Dilipkannan, 4A. Gokul Prasanth & 5K. Kaleeswaran
1
Associate professor, 2,3,4,5UG Students, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Nandha Engineering College, Perundurai, Tamilnadu, India.
Abstract
This project continued previous work modifying a treadmill to better fit the needs of
elderly users. The project modified four aspects of a stock treadmill. The first modification
was the addition of a handrail system for increased safety. The second was a speed reduction
mechanism to allow for finer control. The third was a user interface tailored to the difficulties
that present with aging. The fourth was a new walking surface to absorb more impact than the
original surface.
Key words: Treadmill bicycle, design, fabrication.
1. Introduction
Exercises are advised for health promotion and prophylaxis for many cardiovascular
diseases and for rehabilitation after an episode of disease. Among the exercises, aerobic
exercises are appropriate for these purposes [1]. While working out in gym people use
treadmill for jogging and running. The main disadvantage of this treadmill is, it is stationary
at particular place so sometimes people get bored by jogging at same place without any
exposure to natural atmosphere [2]. One of the most popular types of home exercise
equipment is the treadmill, which provides a straightforward, efficient aerobic workout. [3].
Generally, a treadmill is used for walking or running while staying in the same place. More
recently, treadmills are not used to harness power, but as exercise machines for running or
walking in one place [4]. Exercise is a way of improving our physical and mental health; it
increases the strength, body growth and development. There are various ways of exercising
one of which is running or jogging. People go either to a park or to a gym for jogging. When
in the park they do not have other equipment to exercise and when in the gym, they do not get
the fresh air [5]. The treadmill bicycle is completely a new way of moving which is designed
mostly for runners. Using a treadmill is similar to running, hiking or walking. [6]. Today in
this world every task have been made quicker and fast due to technology advancement but
this advancement also demands huge investments and expenditure, every industry desires to
make high productivity rate maintaining the quality and standard of the product at low
average cost [7]. A treadmill is a device used for running and to loss calories. Now a day
because of business of human being in their day-to-day work, they feel tired to go for run.
[8]. Among different modes of exercises in the modern busy life, the cycling and treadmill
exercises are the commonest to perform as indoor aerobic exercises [9]. Treadmills are not
used to harness power, but as exercise machines for running or walking in one place. Rather
than the user powering the mill, the machine provides a moving platform with a wide
conveyor belt driven by Chain-drive [10].
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Treadmills were introduced before the development of powered machines, to harness
the power of animals or humans to do work, often a type of mill that was operated by a
person or animal treading steps of a tread wheel to grind grain [11]. Modification has been
done in a treadmill to better fit the requirements of users. Treadmill bicycle is designed for
those humans who love to run outside [12]. As a part of dissertation work, the solar assisted
bicycle is fitted with a dc hub motor on front axle of a bicycle with power rating of 250W and
with a traveling speed of around 20-25 kmph [13]. Design and fabrication of the walkable
bike was done with all the calculations. The bike will definitely be the option for the people
who want to lose weight as this bike can serve as a commuting option as well as the option to
exercise [14]. Conversion and combination of a conventional tricycle and the most popular
home exercise equipment, the treadmill, into a commuting vehicle was successfully
fabricated [15]. Treadmill bicycle is a very new concept of moving. The gear ratio is boosting
your walking pace up to the speed of the regular bike [16]. Modified treadmill bicycle is
totally a new design for local commute and fitness. It is combination of treadmill and bicycle
consisting both mechanical and electrical parts like gears, hub motor, chain, sprocket and
battery [17]. New way of travelling as well as exercise with the help of a new model of bike
that is combination of treadmill and bicycle. It can be used in place of regular bike at cheaper
cost and without use of fuel [18]. This project work modifies a treadmill to better fit the
requirements of users. Treadmill bicycle is designed for those humans who love to run
outside. This bicycle has electronic parts and runs perfectly on human momentum [19].
However, what about our human power, that is going to waste. To store that energy into
electric energy the mechanism of treadmill will be develop such that the rotary motion of
roller transforms energy to the generator by coupled it with belt [20]. Treadmill cycle has
runs perfectly on human effort and batteries with dc motor. As the rider walks on the
treadmill belt, the belt indirectly rotates the rear wheel propelling the bicycle forward with
the help of gear change mechanism [21].
2. Treadmill bicycle design
Figure.1 Two dimensional views of treadmill bicycle with components
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Figure.2 Comprehensive three-dimensional model of treadmill bicycle
The treadmill is used for walking on it, the motion id transferred by the belt as we walk
on it, moreover the motion is also transferred by the shaft. The gears reversing the motion and
transferring to countershaft, hence the rear wheel moves as simple as moves in bicycle. A
chain is a series of connected links that are typically made of metal. A chain may consist of
two or more links. People with a busy schedule will also be able to take care of their health
and physical fitness. Above all, it is not a conventional treadmill to make use of only in
closed rooms, person using treadmill bicycle can roam on roads also. This project overcomes
the drawback of the conventional treadmill that is stationary, which in fact does not provide
the jogger to be exposed to the natural atmosphere.
3. Treadmill bicycle fabrication
Treadmills are not used to harness power, but as exercise machines for running or
walking in one place. Rather than the user powering the mill, the machine provides a moving
platform with a wide conveyor belt driven by Chain-drive. The belt moves to the rear,
requiring the user to walk or run at a speed matching that of the belt. The rate at which the
belt moves is the rate of walking or running. Thus, the speed of running may be controlled
and measured. The treadmill cycle is driven manually, more or less the same effort is
required to drive the bike as the effort required in treadmill, consisting of various gear
arrangements and two shafts provided to change the motion. The treadmill cycle will be the
best in its segment.
3.1 Hub motor
In any electric motor, operation is based on simple electromagnetism. A current-
carrying conductor generates a magnetic field; when this is then placed in an external
magnetic field, it will experience a force proportional to the current in the conductor, and to
the strength of the external magnetic field. As you are well aware of from playing with
magnets as a kid, opposite (North and South) polarities attract, while as polarities (North and
North, South and South) repel.
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The internal configuration of a DC motor is designed to harness the magnetic
interaction between a current-carrying conductor and an external magnetic field to generate
rotational motion.
3.2 Motor specification
r.p.m = 200, Volt = 36 and Power = 350W.
3.3 Experimental calculations
3.3.1 Electric power calculation
Power (P) = I×V (Watts)
Where, V = 36 Volts and P = 350 (Watts)
I = 350/36 = 9.72 A, Horse Power = 0.4758 Watts.
3.3.2 Torque of the motor (T)
T = 5252×H.P/rpm = 5252×0.4758 /200 = 2498.9/20 = 12.49 lbft = 16.91 N-m.
3.3.3 Tooth flank radius (r)
Tooth flank radius (r) = 0.008 d1 (T2 + 180) = 30.24 mm.
3.3.4 Roll seating radius (ri)
Roll seating radius ri = 0.505 d1 + 0.069, ri = 3.92 mm.
3.3.5 Roll seating angle Maximum roll seating angle (α)
Roll seating angle Maximum roll seating angle (α) =1400 – 900 / T = 2.770º.
3.3.6 Minimum roll seating angle
Minimum roll seating angle = 1200 – 900 / T = 1.660º.
3.3.7 Tooth Height of the above pitch polygon (ha)
Tooth Height of the above pitch polygon ha = 0.5 (p – d1) = 2.5 mm.
3.3.8 Root diameter (Df)
Root diameter (Df) = D – 2rl = 64.16 mm.
3.3.9 Average velocity of the chain (v)
Average velocity of the chain (v) = πDN/60= 93.44 mm/sec = 0.0933 m/s.
3.3.10 Length of the chain (L)
Length of the chain (L) = k×p = 1749.5 mm.
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Figure.3 Hub motor
Figure.4 Fabricated model of treadmill bicycle
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4. Working Principle
The treadmill driven cycle is constructed by the above mentioned components over
the base frame. There are five rollers fitted next to next by certain distance and the belt is
connected over the rollers that cover the rollers. The spur gear arrangement is connected to
the rear roller for achieving forward motion of the vehicle. Then the chain drive is connected
between spur gear shaft and rear wheel. When we walk over the belt, the roller will be rotated
and it will rotate the spur gear shaft. Then the power will be transmitted to the wheel shaft
through chain drive. Then the hub motor is fitted to the front wheel as an alternate drive for
automatic running of vehicle. The power from the battery is used for hub motor operation,
which will completely reduce human effort. This vehicle can be helpful for many people for
easy transportation in future.
5. Results and Discussions
The manual treadmill with Electricity Generator generates about 14- W max power
per person while Pedal operated stationary bicycle based generator generates maximum
power 100-244 watt. The treadmill generator can generates energy and this energy may be
stored in the batteries and later it may be useful for different applications. This energy
generation system is sustainable and free from adverse efforts. The treadmill with Electricity
Generator reduces the energy consumption resulting money saving. This system may be used
in gym environment and more energy may be produced which can be stored in batteries for
operating different appliances.
6. Conclusions
In this project paper, we discussed a very new way of exercising which performs the
operation of both treadmills as well as bicycle effectively and efficiently. This treadmill can
be brought out on the road and drive like a bicycle but not by pedaling rather by running.
People of all age groups irrespective of their gender can drive it. People wearing western as
well as Indian dress can drive it easily. The type of clothes worn by the person does not affect
the ride. The main motive of this vehicle is to bring back the bicycle on the road so that it
serves as a renewable energy resource. The renewable energy resource will decrease the harm
to the environment as the liberated gases already affected the ozone layer drastically. This
designed vehicle can be operated manually by running on it. Our aim was the inclusion of the
electric system that made it more useful to the society. The electric assist has made driving
this vehicle as easy as walking on a pavement. Moreover, the freewheel system used, allows a
person to remain standstill when the vehicle is moving. We designed a vehicle that brings
back the basic mode of transportation with improved technology, more advantages and at a
very affordable price.
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