COVID19 SCHUTZ IN GESUNDHEITSWESEN UND BEVÖLKERUNG - Prof. Dr. Andreas Widmer Stv. Chefarzt Klinik für Infektiologie & Spitalhygiene Präsident ...
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COVID19 SCHUTZ IN GESUNDHEITSWESEN UND BEVÖLKERUNG Prof. Dr. Andreas Widmer Stv. Chefarzt Klinik für Infektiologie & Spitalhygiene Präsident Nationales Zentrum für Infektprävention www.swissnoso.ch Universitätsspital Basel
Masken: Schutz vor wem? Ziel Infektionsquelle Schutz Maske Norm (EU) Patientenschutz Spitalmitarbeiter Patient vor „paper mask“ keine Schutz vor z.B. bei LP Mitarbeiter „procedure mask“ Niesen Typ Kleenex Patientenschutz Spitalmitarbeiter Patient vor Chir.Maske EN 14683 Schutz vor z.B. Chirurg Mitarbeiter z.b. Typ I oder II R 1.1.2006 Tröpfchen in OP Personalschutz Patient Mitarbeiter Atemschutzmaske EN 149 Schutz vor vor Patient z.b. Tbc Schutzmaske (USA) N95,N99 Infektionen via FFP 2 / FFP 3 (China) KN95 Tröpfchen/Luft
Comparison of Certification/ N95 KN95 Korea 1st Class DS (Japan JMHLW- FFP2, KN95, and Class (Standard) (NIOSH-42C FR84) FFP2 (EN 149-2001) (GB2626-20 06) P2 (AS/NZ 1716:2012) (KMOEL - 2017-64) Notification 214, 2018) N95 and Other Filter performance – ≥ 95% ≥ 94% ≥ 95% ≥ 94% ≥ 94% ≥ 95% Filtering Facepiece (must be ≥ X% efficient) Respirator Classes Test agent NaCl NaCl and paraffin oil NaCl NaCl NaCl and paraffin oil NaCl Flow rate 85 L/min 95 L/min 85 L/min 95 L/min 95 L/min 85 L/min Total inward N/A ≤ 8% leakage ≤ 8% leakage ≤ 8% leakage ≤ 8% leakage Inward Leakage leakage (TIL)* – (arithmetic (arithmetic (individual and (arithmetic measured and tested on mean) mean) arithmetic mean) included in User human subjects mean) Instructions each performing exercises Inhalation ≤ 343 Pa ≤ 70 Pa (at 30 ≤ 350 Pa ≤ 70 Pa (at 30 ≤ 70 Pa (at 30 ≤ 70 Pa resistance – L/min) L/min) L/min) (w/valve) max pressure ≤ 240 Pa (at 95 ≤ 240 Pa (at 95 ≤ 240 Pa (at 95 ≤ 50 Pa (no drop L/min) L/min) L/min) valve) ≤ 500 Pa (clogging) Flow rate 85 L/min Varied – see 85 L/min Varied – see Varied – see 40 L/min above above above Exhalation ≤ 245 Pa ≤ 300 Pa ≤ 250 Pa ≤ 120 Pa ≤ 300 Pa ≤ 70 Pa resistance - (w/valve) max pressure ≤ 50 Pa (no drop valve) Flow rate 85 L/min 160 L/min 85 L/min 85 L/min 160 L/min 40 L/min Exhalation Leak rate ≤ 30 N/A Depressurizatio Leak rate ≤ 30 visual Depressurizatio valve leakage mL/min n to 0 Pa ≥ 20 mL/min inspection after n to 0 Pa ≥ 15 *Japan JMHLW- requirement sec 300 L /min for sec Notification 214 30 sec requires an Inward Force applied -245 Pa N/A -1180 Pa -250 Pa N/A -1,470 Pa Leakage test rather CO2 clearance N/A ≤ 1% ≤ 1% ≤ 1% ≤ 1% ≤ 1% than a TIL test. requirement 3M, Technical Bulletin, January 2020, Revision 2
Chir. Masken vs Atemschutzmasken Influenza ¨ our findings show that surgical masks provide around a 6-fold reduction in exposure. ¨ Live viruses could be detected in the air behind all surgical masks tested. ¨ properly fitted respirators (FFP 2/3 and N95) could provide at least a 100-fold reduction.
Protective measures reported by infected and non- infected staff SARS Outbreak 2003 NC=not calculatable. *Two-tailed. †Odds ratio of staff with specific protection not getting infected. ‡”Yes” and “most of the time” were grouped together. §Total cases 254 by forward stepwise (Waldesian) logistic regression using 0·05 as entry probability and 0·10 as removal probability. Forward and backward stepwise regression result in same model with mask in the model (p=0·011). ¶Comparing proportion of infected over non-infected staff, with those without mask (11 infected and 72 non-infected). Seto WH et al, Lancet 2003;361:1519-20
Outcomes Respiratory Illnesses Among Health Care Personnel in the N95 Respirator Group vs the Medical Mask Group
Fancy Masken
What is known about cloth masks?
Persönliche Schutzausrüstung ¨ Masken ¨ Händedesinfektion ¨ Handschuhe
3ml (2 Hübe) 30 sek Chair: Didier Pittet http://www.who.int/patientsafety/en/ Widmer AF. Surgical Hand Hygiene in: WHO Guideline for Hand Hygiene 2009 Widmer AF. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2004 Widmer AF. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007 Widmer AF. J Hosp Infect 2009 Tschudin & Widmer. Crit Care Med 2010 Widmer AF. Manuel of Clnical Microbiology 2015
Simplifying the World Health Organization Protocol: 3 Steps Versus 6 Steps for Performance of Hand Hygiene from an experimental randomized crossover trial and from a clinical Cluster-randomized Trial Tschudin-Sutter S, Widmer AF. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2017 Jun;23(6):409.e1-409.e4 Tschudin-Sutter S & Widmer AF. Clin Infect Dis. 2019 Aug 1;69(4):614-620
Persönliche Schutzausrüstung ¨ Masken ¨ Händedesinfektion ¨ Handschuhe
Handschuhqualität ¨ Acceptable Quality Level (AQL) ¤ maximaler Prozentsatz fehlerhafter Einheiten ¨ Untersuchungshandschuhe max 4 ¨ Chirurgische Handschuhe max 1 Handschuhe sind nur bei möglichem Kontakt mit Körperflüssigkeiten nötig, oder bei COVID19 bestätigten Fällen anschliessend ZUSAETZLICH Händedesinfektion
The dirty hand in the latex glove: A study of hand hygiene compliance when gloves are worn Fuller C. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2011;32(12):1194-1199
Higher Transmission Rate by Routine Gloving during SARS outbreak
Zusammenfassung ¨ Chirurgische Masken, Qualität II oder IIR (fluid resistant) nach EN 14683 sind für Schutz von Mitarbeiter und Patienten optimal ¨ Händedesinfektion: Zentral sind CE/BAG zertifiziertes Mittel ¤ Genügend Volumen für vollständige Benetzung (3ml) ¤ Vorsicht wegen Böden von Spritzer an Boden (Abdeckung) ¤ 3 Schritte Technik ¨ Grundsätzlich keine Handschuhe notwendig bei Patienten ohne dokumentierten COVID Infekt ¨ Handschuhe (AQL) von
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