Corona CAD Charged Aerosol Detector - Know what is really in your sample
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Corona CAD Charged Aerosol Detector
Know what is really in your sample
Passion. Power. Productivity.
Meaningful Answers from
One HPLC Detector
What is the best way to detect and quantify analytes with HPLC? There is no simple
answer. UV detection is the most widely used, but fails to detect analytes without
chromophores. Other, so-called “universal detectors” have fallen short of the promise
of combining application versatility with reliability. For many, MS is not the answer.
Now there is a solution – the Corona® Charged Aerosol Detector (CAD®).
Based on a unique and innovative detection method, the Corona CAD detector
offers performance that refractive index (RI), low wavelength UV, evaporative light
scattering (ELS), and chemiluminescence nitrogen (CLN) detectors simply cannot
match. With charged aerosol detection, you can know what's really in your sample.
The Corona CAD delivers:
• Response independent of chemical structure
• Sensitivity to low nanograms
• Gradient compatibility
• Wide dynamic range
• Simple operation
Ideal for a wide range of applications
The Corona CAD is appropriate for any nonvolatile
and many semivolatile compounds, including:
• Pharmaceuticals
• Proteins
• Lipids
• Steroids
• Oligosaccharides
• Surfactants
• Carbohydrates
• Polymers
• Counterions
• Peptides
Integration with any HPLC system
The Corona CAD can be used with any standard
HPLC system. Software drivers are available for
Chromeleon® Chromatography Data System,
ChemStation®, EZChrom®, and Empower® 2.
The Corona CAD is highly versatile, allowing easy integration with existing
instrumentation to support a wide range of information-rich applications.
2
How Charged Aerosol
Detection Works
Charged Aerosol Detection
What makes any detector useful is its ability to accurately measure a wide range
of analytes with consistent response. However, most detectors exhibit limitations.
Often, one analyte responds more strongly than another, or may not respond at all.
The Corona CAD detector measures charge that is imparted to analyte particles,
with the charge being in direct proportion to the amount of the analyte in the sample.
Measuring this charge is accurate and consistent, regardless of the analyte. The
result is that the Corona CAD detector can quantify any nonvolatile analyte—this
includes those without chromophores or those that do not ionize—thus providing a
consistent response that is independent of chemical structure. With charged aerosol
detection, you can even measure many semivolatile analytes.
Nebulizer and Impactor
HPLC Column Eluent Signal Out
Analyte is
nebulized and
dried to produce
particles
Gas Inlet
Ion Trap Collector
Analyte particles transfer
their charge to a
sensitive electrometer
Largest droplets
are eliminated Positive charge added
to gas stream
Positive charge is transferred
to analyte particles
Simplicity in Operation
Step One Step Two Step Three
Charged aerosol detection begins by A stream of positively charged gas The particle charge is then transferred to
converting the eluent into droplets which collides with the analyte particles. a collector where the charge is measured
are subsequently dried, forming particles. The charge is then transferred to the by a highly sensitive electrometer. This
The particle size increases with the particles–the larger the particles, the generates a signal in direct proportion to
amount of analyte. greater the charge. the quantity of analyte present.
3
Consistent Response with
Low Limits of Detection
Consistent Response Detector Response for Nonvolatiles
The response obtained with the 10.7% RSD variation in CAD response
among 1.0 µg samples by flow injection
Corona CAD for nonvolatile analytes 250,000
is less dependent on chemical structure
200,000
than other detectors. As shown in
150,000
the figure, charged aerosol detection
response by flow injection analysis is 100,000
very similar for equivalent amounts of 50,000
a wide diversity of structures. Charged 0
aerosol detection response does not
Nortriptyline
Salicylic acid
Fructose
Homocysteine
Sucrose
Dextrin
Umbelliferone
Glutathione
Amitriptyline
Methionine
Lactose
Glucose
Propranolol
Progestrone
Dibucaine
Cyclodextrin
Adrenosterone
Glucosamine
Tartaric acid
Primidone
Gentisic acid
Papaverine
4 Aminoquinaldine
Warfarin
depend on analyte optical properties
as with UV, or the ability to ionize, as Analyte
with MS. This characteristic provides 27613
significant advantages for a wide range
of quantitative methods.
Characteristics Examples
Broad Applicability High MW Albumin, Dextrin
The Corona CAD detector provides Neutral, nonpola Estradiol, Umbelliferone, Naphthol
the ability to measure virtually any Neutral, polar Glucose, Fructose, Lactose, Sucrose
nonvolatile and many semivolatile Acidic Salicylic Acid
analytes: from proteins, lipids, and Basic Propranolol, Nortriptyline, Amitriptyline, Caffeine
oligosaccharides, to amino acids, drugs, Zwitterionic Homocysteine, Methionine, Glutathione
and ions.
Ions Anions, Cations
Positive, negative, or neutral, with
or without a chromophore, all can be
detected routinely with charged 0.014
aerosol detection.
0.012
Sensitivity
Charged aerosol detection consistently 0.010
Glucose
provides high sensitivity with low limits
Fructose
of detection for a wide range of analytes,
Sucrose
Volts
0.008
irrespective of their chemical structure.
Lactose
The Corona CAD can readily detect com- 0.006
pounds present in single digit nanogram
quantities. Here, 10 nanograms each of 0.004
four carbohydrates are easily detected,
well above the detection limit.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Minutes
27899
4
Enhanced Performance
Gradient Compatibility 0.016
Chlorpromazine
The Corona CAD detector is fully 0.014
Propranolol
compatible with gradient operation. 0.012
Volatile mobile phases such as those 0.010
Caffeine
used with MS are appropriate for use
Volts
Glucose
0.008
with the Corona CAD. The figure shows 0.006
a five minute linear gradient from 0.004
10 mM ammonium acetate/2% IPA in 0.002
H20 to 10 mM ammonium acetate in 75% 0.000
ACN/25% MeOH. In the example, note 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5
the increased nebulization efficiency Minutes
27900
with increased organic solvent observed
during a reversed phase gradient.
1.E+07
Wide Dynamic Range
Corona CAD’s unique method of
detection allows quantitation across 1.E+06
a range that exceeds four orders of
Height
magnitude. The detector’s wide dynamic
range provides significant advantages 1.E+05
for measurements of an analyte and Gallic acid
Chlorogenic acid
low level impurities in a single run. This Protocatechuic acid
dynamic range (low ng to high μg) closely
1.E+04
matches the requirements for typical 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
HPLC methods. µg on column 27903
Reproducibility
PPP
The Corona CAD offers consistent and 250
LLL
OOO
95
reproducible performance. The detector 225
SSS
OOO
90
LLL
attains excellent precision, making it
PPP
200 85
SSS
practical for routine analysis in the 80
Response (mV)
175 75
QC environment. 70
150
2 4 6 8
At the right are overlaid results of replicate 125
injections of five triglycerides with a RSD
100
of 1.6% to 4.4%. RSD of 2% are typical,
75
with lower results often achieved.
2 4 6 8
Minutes
27677
5
Superior Performance for
your Applications
Challenging to Detect API and Counterions
10.5
Detection and quantitation of an API and Sodium Diclofenac
counterions can be a problem. With the Chloride
Corona CAD and the Acclaim® Trinity™ P1 0.15% Chloride Spike
column, API and counterions (anions and
0.1% Chloride Spike
cations) can be measured simultaneously.
This means greater efficiency and more No Spike
robust methods.
-5
Challenging to Quantitate 0 1 2 3 4 5
Minutes
Trace impurities can be difficult to assess. 27683
Often impurities (e.g., degradants,
trace residues) have no chromophore
and are not detectable with UV. To 0.18
0.16
accurately measure trace impurity levels,
Chlordiazepoxide
0.14
Chlordiazepoxide
high sensitivity and a wide dynamic
0.12
Flurazepam
Impurity
range are required. With sensitivity to
Impurity
Impurity
Response
0.10
low nanograms and over 4 orders of 0.08
magnitude dynamic range, the Corona 0.06
CAD is ideal for trace impurity detection 0.04
or the trace levels found in cleaning 0.02
0.00
validation. Detection of impurities of 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0.005% along with the parent compound Minutes
27901
are routinely achievable.
Complementary and Comparison of Charged Aerosol
Detection to UV and MS
Orthogonal Data
The Corona CAD’s unique method of
UV at 220nm
detection produces data complementary
to that of UV and MS. When three
detectors are used to analyze the same UV at 254nm
sample, all respond based on distinctly
different physicochemical properties,
providing truly orthogonal data. MS only Void + Cl-
Propanolol
Ketoprofen Verapamil
detected two of the three species. With
the Corona CAD, three peaks with similar Coron CAD
responses were observed – you not only
see what you think is in your sample, but
MS TIC
what is actually there. (+ ion scan 150-500AMU)
27612
6
Quick start-up, easy operation
Compatible and versatile
Integrates easily with any HPLC system.
Easy to read display
Brilliant, high contrast readout provides
all essential information.
Simple to operate
Set gain and gas flow, and you
are up and running.
Soft key operation
Robust, intuitive keypad design.
Gas flow control
Touchpad control with LED
status indicator.
Programmable
Store 25 methods. Recall and launch
methods easily. Change gain on the fly.
Select from 3 preset filters.
Flexibility
Run from the keypad or control the
Corona CAD from your PC.
Security
Built-in security features help ensure
21 CFR Part 11 compliance.
The Value of Support and Service
Dionex customer care continues after delivery—you get a partner, not just a detector.
Dionex provides access to quality post-installation programs and assistance, including
timely and professional service by locally based representatives, expert customer
training, comprehensive service agreements, and validation and qualification services,
as well as application support. Your success equals our success.
7Discover Charged Aerosol Enjoy Industry-Leading Support Corporate Headquarters
Detection Dionex customer Support Centers are Dionex Corporation
1228 Titan Way
In the world of HPLC, one detection located in the Americas, Europe and P.O. Box 3603
technology stands out. Charged aerosol Asia and provide accessible locations Sunnyvale, CA 94088-3603
detection has response independent of for advanced training and enhanced Tel: (408) 737-0700
Fax: (408) 730-9403
analyte structure, provides consistent application development capabilities.
responses across a range of nonvolatile Users can visit these laboratories to learn
new skills in addressing challenging Worldwide Sales and Service
analytes, has a wide dynamic range,
broad applicability, and is as easy to applications, receive training and support, North America
U.S./Canada (847) 295 7500
use as UV. and discover new, innovative LC and
sample preparations solutions. South America
Brazil (55) 11 3731 5140
Europe
Austria (43) 1 616 51 25
Benelux (31) 20 683 9768
(32) 3 353 42 94
Denmark (45) 36 36 90 90
France (33) 1 39 30 01 10
Germany (49) 6126 991 0
Ireland (353) 1 644 0064
Italy (39) 02 51 62 1267
Sweden (46) 8 473 3380
Switzerland (41) 62 205 9966
United Kingdom (44) 1276 691722
Asia Pacific
Australia (61) 2 9420 5233
China (852) 2428 3282
India (91) 22 2764 2735
Japan (81) 6 6885 1213
Korea (82) 2 2653 2580
Singapore (65) 6289 1190
Taiwan (886) 2 8751 6655
www.dionex.com
Dionex products are designed,
developed, and manufactured
under an ISO 9001 Quality System.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
Acclaim, Corona, CAD, UltiMate, and Chromeleon are registered trademarks,
and Trinity is a trademark of Dionex Corporation.
Chemstation and EZChrom are registered trademarks of Agilent Technologies.
Empower is a registered trademark of Waters Corporation.
© 2010 Dionex Corporation
LPN 2633 5M 10/10 Printed in U.S.A.
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