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CONTENTS Welcome Message 2 IAF 2018 Events Overview 3 IAF General Assembly 4 ISF 2017 6 IAF Spring Meetings 2018 8 GLAC 2018 9 IAC 2018 10 Overview 11 Plenaries 13 Highlight Lectures 20 Late Breaking News 23 IAF Global Networking Forum (GNF) 24 IAC Special Sessions 37 IAF IDEA “3G” Diversity Events 44 IAC Hosts Summit 46 9th IAF International Meeting for Members 48 of Parliaments YPP Networking Reception 50 Emerging Space Leaders 51 Grant Programme (ESL Grants) Press Conference: Upcoming Global Conference 52 on Space for Emerging Countries, GLEC 2019 ISF 2018 54 IAF Committees’ Reports 56 Technical Committees 57 Administrative Committees 78 Published by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF) 3rd Issue - February 2019 IAF 2018 Activities 80 Copyright © International Astronautical Federation. Other 2018 Events 80 All rights reserved. No part of this magazine may be reproduced or transmitted by any form or by any The International Astronautical Federation 83 means, electronical or mechanical, including photocopying or recording by any information storage or retrieval system without prior written permission from the publishers.
IAF 2018 Events Overview Welcome Message Spring 2019 has already event in Uruguay. For three days, than 10,000 attendees came to Meetings begun, but experts gathered in Montevideo witness this exceptional event. we can look to discuss space applications 2018 back at 2018 as a very impressive with a specific focus on emerging The majority of IAF publications and successful year. This publica- space nations and Latin America. and for the first time, the IAC tion, the IAF Highlights, is sum- Final Programmes, have been marizing the main IAF events The 69th International Astro- printed in recycled paper this and activities that took place. nautical Congress returned to year. This is an important step The theme of IAC 2018, #Involvin- Europe and was organized to- towards more eco-friendly events gEveryone, is an approach that gether with The Center of Ap- and a mission we aim to continue has been seen throughout the plied Space Technology and in the years to come. year in IAF’s activities. The im- Microgravity (ZARM) in Bremen, portance of including everyone in Germany. IAC 2018 was an ex- IAF looks forward to yet anoth- the space sector and to collabo- traordinary event that managed er exciting year, in following its rate on a global level is essential. to break many records! The Tech- mission to encourage coopera- This concept is also strongly vis- nical Programme received a re- tion, promote international de- (Postponed from ualized in our 3G concept, Gen- cord number of abstracts with velopment and share knowledge. November 2017) eration, Gender and Geography, 4349 submissions, and during This year, in 2019, the 70th Inter- which aims to encourage and im- the IAC week the congress center national Astronautical Congress Global Space Applications Conference prove diversity. welcomed 6,458 delegates from will take place in Washington 81 countries. The programme DC as well as the celebration of GLAC 2018, the Global Space was more packed than ever, with the Apollo 50th Anniversary. We Applications Conference, was many interesting Plenaries, GNF look forward to share these im- co-organized together with Cen- sessions and the Technical Pro- portant events and much more tro de Investigación y Difusión gramme, that included as new with the whole IAF Community Aeronáutico Espacial (CIDA-E) in format Special Sessions. In addi- in 2019! Montevideo, Uruguay. This was tion, a dedicated Public Day pro- the first time that the IAF took gramme had been organized that one of its Global Conferences to involved a live session with Al- South America and also the first exander Gerst from the Interna- time that the IAF organized an tional Space Station (ISS). More Jean-Yves Le Gall Pascale Ehrenfreund President, Incoming President & VP for Communications, International Astronautical Federation (IAF) Publications and Global Conferences, International Astronautical Federation (IAF) 2 3
IAF New IAF Members The IAF General Assembly also approved the applications of 29 new Member Organizations. With this, the IAF Membership General Assembly comprises 366 Member Organizations from 68 countries, confirming IAF’s position as a truly global Federation. The New IAF Members are: Company Category Region Country Adriatic Aerospace Association Association & Professional Society Europe Croatia T Azercosmos Space Agency Asia Azerbaijan he International Astronautical Federation bavAIRia e.V. Association & Professional Society Europe Germany General Assembly has gathered during the Beijing SpaceD Aerospace Application and Science International Astronautical Congress, IAC 2018 Association & Professional Society Asia China Education Co. Ltd. in Bremen, Germany, in two sessions (Monday, Black Engine Aerospace UG Industry Europe Germany 1 October 2018, and Friday, 5 October 2018). Several important decisions have been taken. European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) Research and Development Europe Germany Columbian Space Agency Space Agency Latin America Colombia European GNSS Agency (GSA) Space Agency Europe Czech Republic Firefly Aeropspace Inc. Industry North America United States 2018 Elections of IAF Officers Fraunhofer INT Research and Development Europe Germany Hermes Engineering Research and Development Europe Bulgaria The Incoming President and 4 new Vice-Presidents have High Technology Unit (UAT) Faculty of Engineering - been elected by the General Assembly: University Latin America Mexico UNAM Infostellar Industry Asia Japan • Pascale EHRENFREUND, Chair of Upcoming IAF Events LandSpace Technology Corporaqtion Ltd. Industry Asia China Executive Board, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Germany, has been appointed as IAF During the IAF General Assembly sessions, reports were Mars Planet Association and Professional Society Europe Italy Incoming President given on the advancement of preparation for the IAC MEDES - IMPS Research and Development Europe France 2019 in Washington D.C., USA, and for the IAC 2020 in Moon Village Association (MVA) Association and Professional Society Europe Austria • Mohammed Nasser AL AHBABI, Dubai, UAE. Director General, United Arab Emirates Northrop Grumman Corporation Industry North America United States Space Agency, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Also, a detailed presentation was offered on the progress Paraguayan Space Agency Space Agency Latin America Paraguay has been appointed as IAF VP for Global made in the organization of the Global Conference on PTScientists Industry Europe Germany Membership Development Space for Emerging Countries 2019 (GLEC 2019) that will take place in Marrakech, Morocco on 24-26 April 2019 Polish Space Agency (POLSA) Space Agency Europe Poland • Bruce CHESLEY, Senior Director of in cooperation with the Centre Royal de Télédétection Space Flight Laboratory (SFL) University North America Canada Strategy, Space and Missile Systems, The Spatiale (CRTS). SpaceExcess LLC Industry North America United States Boeing Company, United States has been SpaceForest Industry Europe Poland appointed as IAF VP for Industry Relations IAF Finance Tsinghua University University Asia China • Minoo R AT H N A S A BA PAT H Y, University of Bologna University Europe Italy Research Engineer, Space Enabled Research The IAF has also approved the final accounts 2017 and Group, MIT, United States, has been Auditor’s Statement 2017 and the revised budget Valispace Industry Europe Germany appointed as IAF VP Education and and preliminary accounts 2018 and the Proposed WEPA - Technologies GmbH Industry Europe Germany Workforce Development Budget 2019. Zhuhai Orbita Aeropspace Science & Technology Co. Ltd. Industry Asia China • S. SOMANATH, Director of the Liquid Propulsion System Center (LPSC) – Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), India, has been appointed as IAF VP for Technical Activities Selection of Host City for IAC 2021 The IAF General Assembly at its second session on 5 October 2019, selected Paris, France, as Host City for IAC 2021. The Hosting Organization is the Centre National d’Études Spatiales (CNES), a member of IAF since 1981. 4 5
ISF 2017 Second International Space Forum at Ministerial Level – The African Chapter (ISF 2017) 14 FEBRUARY 2018 | NAIROBI, KENYA T he 2nd International Space Space Science and Academia for Sus- Forum at Ministerial Lev- tainable Development in Africa. The el – The African Chapter, result of the Nairobi event was the was initially scheduled adoption by consensus of the Nai- to take place in Nairobi, Kenya in robi Page to be added to the Trento November 2017, but it was moved Space Statement. to February 2018, due to the time conflict with the Kenyan presi- Raúl Kulichevsky, Executive and dential elections. The Forum was Technical Director of the Argentin- co-organized by the IAF, the Italian ian National Commission of Space Space Agency (ASI) and the Kenya Activities (CONAE) announced that Space Agency (KSA), and took place the new regional chapter of the ISF at the Radisson Blu Hotel in Nairobi focusing on Latin America would be on 14th February 2018. hosted by Argentina in November 2018. 42 governmental delegations, com- posed by Ministers, Ambassadors, The day after the Forum, a techni- Heads of space agencies, repre- cal visit was organized for the dele- sentatives of International Inter- gations to the Broglio Space Centre governmental Organizations and in Malindi. universities, gathered to contribute to this unique Forum dedicated to 6 7
Spring IAF Spring Meetings 2018 Meetings 2018 IAF O n 27th – 29th March the IAF hosted its Global Conference traditional Spring Meetings 2018 in Paris. Various events took place during the three days, SM including the selection of abstracts for IAC 2018; an IAF Diversity Day, comprising of an IDEA “3G” Diversity Breakfast, Luncheon and Afterwork gathering; committees’ meetings including 2 sessions of the IAF Bureau. The IAF Global Networking Forum featured sessions on various topics such as the International Global Space Applications Space Exploration – Report on ISEF2 and Beyond, a presentation on the Space Ops organization and signature of the cooperation agreement with the IAF, and a presentation by the Moon Village Association Conference, GLAC 2018 Global Space Applications Conference on its contribution to Moon Settlement. Of course, 21 - 23 MAY 2018 | MONTEVIDEO, URUGUAY the traditional IAF cocktail took place on Wednesday T evening. his year the IAF continued its series of Global giving all participants the opportunity to be updated on On Thursday the IPC General Meeting was held Conferences with the Global Space Applications recent developments and future endeavours in Space followed by the IAC 2018 Abstract Selection. This Conference (GLAC 2018), which took place Applications. year a record number of abstracts had been received, in Montevideo, Uruguay from 21st to 23rd May with 4,349 submissions! 2018, in cooperation with the Centro de Investigación y In the spirit of the IAF “3G” activities, a very successful 27 - 29 MARCH 2018 | PARIS, FRANCE Difusión Aeronáutico Espacial (CIDA-E). The Conference SGAC/IAF Seminar on Space Applications was organized was a great success, with a participation of over 200 right before the Conference, as well as a kick-off IDEA participants from more than 20 countries. Luncheon before the GLAC Opening Ceremony. Both events attracted a fantastic participation from local The GLAC 2018 Plenary Programme showcased 6 students and young professionals. Plenary Events and 6 corresponding high-level Keynotes 8 9
International Astronautical Congress 1 - 5 OCTOBER 2018 | BREMEN, GERMANY Overview T he 69th International Astronautical Congress was an impressive IAC that broke many records! It truly lived up to its motto #InvolvingEveryone by bringing together the record number of 6,548 delegates from 81 countries in Bremen. This year a special programme had been created for the public day, which saw more than 10,000 participants who witnessed the exceptional live session with Alexander Gerst from the International Space Station (ISS). IAC 2018 proved to be the most intense yet, with a full-packed schedule for the whole five days. The Plenary Programme saw many interesting panels, including a Highlight Lecture on business opportunities in space by Tom Enders from Airbus and a Late Breaking News session on the space missions HAYABUSA2, MASCOT, MINERVA II. The Technical Programme received a record number of abstracts with 3,439 submissions and authors from all over the world came to present their research in 179 Technical Sessions and in the Interactive Presentation Session. Over 360 Interactive Presentations were conducted at IAC 2018. The IAC Special Issue was also published for the first time, presenting a sample of those IP manuscripts to give a flavour of the presentations made this year. As part of the Technical Programme, the new format Special Sessions (SpS) was introduced for the first time including panel and group discussions, workshops, design sprints and campfires. The IAF Global Networking Forum (GNF) offered participants a record- breaking number of sessions, 46 in total, on a variety of topics, such as Lunar Exploration, Society, & Education, Sustainable Development, New Technologies and Reusability. 10 11
7 Plenaries 3 Highlight Lectures 179 Technical Sessions IAC 2018 Plenaries Plenary 1: Heads of Agencies 1 Late Breaking News T he IAC 2018 plenary pro- sustainably as the cost of access to the current international coopera- +2,000 Technical Papers gramme had a great start with the Heads of Agencies space goes down and it improves everybody’s ability to participate tion in space missions and so on. The Moon and the Gateway were tackled, plenary, offering an over- in space activities, enabling more calling to the previous question with 46 GNF Events view of how the main space agencies are reacting to a changing space en- space missions than possible before, as pointed out by both ROSCOSMOS the necessity of international coop- eration. The issue of space debris ap- vironment with new actors getting and NASA. CSA also presented the peared to be taken very seriously by 2,500 Authors involved and how they are success- fully involving the broader spectrum efforts on space outreach, involving Canadian citizens into the astro- all the agencies, once again focusing on an international effort, as Woern- 31 Special Sessions of space and non-space actors. nauts’ selection with a social me- dia campaign as never seen before er said: “we better clean it together”, talking about space. The session was Jan Woerner, Director General of the for this kind of event. The agencies concluded with a question on how European Space Agency (ESA), K. insisted on the importance of the to involve the young generation in 400 Interactive Presentations Sivan, Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Ke- younger generation to carry the values of the space sector, to bring space, making a link to the IAC motto #InvolvingEveryone. The agencies in- jian Zhang, Administrator of the the needed motivation and innova- sisted that it is a global effort. Every- China National Space Administra- tion to develop new thrilling space one is needed. 12 Press Conferences tion (CNSA), Hiroshi Yamakawa, President of the Japan Aerospace missions. As a conclusion, the space sector is 192 Exhibitors Exploration Agency (JAXA), Dmitry Loskutov, Head of International Co- Following the agencies presenta- tions, the audience asked many evolving and the national agencies are literally trying to involve every- operation Department at ROSCOS- questions to the speakers, showing one to make the best out of those MOS, Sylvain Laporte, President of a genuine interest in the challeng- changes. the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) es they currently meet. There was a Numerous Networking & Social Events and Jim Bridenstine, Administrator of the National Aeronautics and discussion about the possibility of a global space agency, what would its Space Administration (NASA) pre- role be compared to nation- sented, one after another, the latest al agencies, how achievements of their agencies and would it be the upcoming projects. A focus was different put on the “shift of paradigm in in- from struments” as Woerner said, with different types of activities coming from the traditional way using new methods even more commerciali- zation, but it’s the same time par- ticipation by involving everyone. International collaboration is key to the success of the space sector and the agencies showed their will to promote such initi- atives. It was well demonstrated by CNSA by inviting the other nations to participate in future missions involving their future space station which will be com- pleted in 2022 and by NASA pro- moting the international effort to land once again on the Moon 12 13
Plenary 2: Host Plenary – Plenary 3: High Tech Entanglement: How the How to Live and Work diverse global space industry and other high- on ISS, Moon and Mars tech sectors are becoming more entwined and interdependent O T ne of the most fascinating the fluid shift aspect of space is human and the bone he plenary of the industry multiple parties. The three product accuracy, with TomTom utilizing an exploration. Sending hu- loss. He insisted day kicked off with the ac- groups of Hispasat: GEO (geosyn- agile approach to data to create new mans to the Moon or Mars on the relation- knowledgment that the in- chronous orbit), LEO (low-Earth ways that consumers can use data. is not scheduled in a distant future. ship with his col- dustry relations committee orbit), and HAPs (high-altitude This plenary session focused on the leagues in the sta- adds a fourth “G” to the “3G Diver- platforms) aim to supply a reliable Alison Lowndes, AI Developer Rela- research under space conditions tion, how strong are sity” of IAF: Genre. IAF recognizes platform. He commented that HAPs tions at NVIDIA, presented a more and the requirements for living and the bonds between as- the genre mix of industry partners will be able to provide mobile in- fundamental observation of space working in space. Three speakers, tronauts, and on the psy- - from the largest multinational to frastructures with high granularity technology. NVIDIA’s GPUs are used from various backgrounds, presented chological effects of long-dis- the smallest startup. and low latency that is redundant in spacecraft and satellites world- their life experiences and their work tance space flight since, thanks to and upgradable. Martin also quoted wide, with Lowndes’ Frontier Devel- to give a better idea on the impor- the Soyouz capsules, he was always James Brayshaw, Vice President of that while the technology is almost oping Lab providing tools to process/ tance and the challenges of space in reach of [his] home planet. He no- Sales at Planet, started off by men- ready, the legal and insurance in- visualize data, operate cloud-based research. ticed that it might differ for a Moon tioning that satellite constellation frastructure for their use is still in GPUs, and integrate blockchain mission and even more for a Mars on Mars was held, the Hawaii Space operates as a nexus point for the process. technology. NVIDIA also heavily in- Takuya Onishi, Astronaut from the mission. Will the connection be lost? Exploration Analog Simulation industry. From earth observation vests in AI technology that is used Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (HiSEAS). The crew of six astronauts to telecommunications, satellites Herve Clauss, Director of MAPS for multi-spectral analysis, swarm (JAXA), presented the astronauts life In a second time, Hanns-Christian were isolated for a full year in a habi- operate on all orbits to gather data. Global Sourcing at TomTom, spoke constellations, and integration be- on the ISS and the science performed Gunga, Head of Work Group at the tat with a delay of 20 minutes for any Brayshaw emphasized that integra- of real-life applications such as tween hardware and software. Fully on board. He explained what it takes Center for Space Medicine and Ex- communication mean. The goal was tion with advanced technologies location services, navigation soft- connected cars and equipment can and how long it takes to get used to treme Environments presented in to understand how humans behave such as artificial intelligence and ware, and autonomous driving. With bring an age where data can be used the microgravity environment before more details the effects of living and change with long distance isola- machine learning allow more effi- downstreams by customers and up- to minimize accidents and support presenting many types of experi- in space on astronauts. He took tion. In order to send people to Mars, cient use of bandwidth availability streams from cars and IOT (internet humans make informed decisions. ments done during his mission. He the example of the body temper- you need to make sure that the crew and real-time data processing. Col- of things), data usage is reaching new also presented shortly the effects of ature and how slight variations (a does not sabotage the mission on laboration with technology partners heights, and TomTom is developing space flight on the astronauts, like few degrees) can alter the mental the way. This life changing experi- enables Planet to do multi-spectral new AI algorithms that can analyze capacity. In space, the astronauts’ ence gives a new view on how we live analyses to make data accessible data real-time. Machine-human in- temperature was measured above on Earth. Having eight minutes to to customers in hours’ time for the terfacing is crucial in ensuring data 39°C, compared to 37°C for a normal shower per week for one year makes strategic allocation of satellite re- temperature on Earth. This implies you reconsider how you use water sources. Standardization of data al- thorough measurement and calcu- on Earth. Those analog experiments lows inter-agency collaboration and lation of the astronauts’ workload bring valuable knowledge: “If we can connections between constellations. to avoid damages as well as miti- live on Mars, we can live on Earth sus- With data being increasingly in- gation measures. These researches tainably”. volved in decision-making process- on the body temperature have had es, accuracy and data governance many spin-offs such as sensors for Beyond the Earth, there are many is paramount, an ecosystem that firefighters, treatments for patients opportunities for humankind to ex- Planet and partners are working to not able to regulate properly their plore. This plenary session showed create. own temperature and for baby care. how important space research is and what it can bring to people on Earth. Antonio Abad Martin, Chief Tech- Christiane Heinicke, Team Lead nical and Operations Officer at – Moon and Mars Base Analog Hispasat, provided insights from (MAMBA) at the Center of Applied the satellite telecommunications Space Technology and Microgravity industry (satcom). Satcom technol- (ZARM) presented her own work on ogies are now shifting from provid- analog missions. She took the au- ing broadcasts to providing multiple dience to a journey to the highest one-to-one connections, with new volcano on Earth from base to top infrastructure being able to provide where an experiment to simulate life multi-altitude connections between 14 15
Plenary 4: The Game Changers: Plenary 5: The Next Generation Plenary – For a Joint Future in Space Small Sats – Involving Everyone through Their Applications T T he fourth plenary featured OOSA), showed how space has be- he next generation plena- for small companies and developing increases coverage, enables lower the first women-only panel come a cornerstone for modern so- ry on small satellites and nations to make progress due to the orbits and helps mitigating space at IAC 2018. ciety, with the UN Committee on the how they enable to involve custom nature of satellites. Today, debris. The challenge is to obtain a Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UN- everyone, gathered actors her company develop 3 to 6U cube- combination of high impulse and Pascale Ehrenfreund, Chair of the COPUOS) seeing a 25% increase in from many different backgrounds to sats and was involved with some of high trust to minimize the time to Executive Board at DLR pointed out membership over the last four years. talk about innovative ways to access the 17 satellites launch by African reach the operating orbit and bring that the all-female panel symbol- Developing countries are recogniz- and use space. The six panellists who countries. more agility to spacecrafts. This can izes that there is existing female ing that space capability is the next participated in the round table pre- also be seen as a serious precursor presence in the space arena - which step in getting international recog- sented how small satellites helped Ekaterina Timakova, Final-year stu- for on-orbit servicing. must be recognized alongside a so- nition, with many nations adopting them achieve what would have never dent at the Aerospace department cio-economic ecosystem that pro- principles held within the UN Space been possible without them. of Bauman State Technical Univer- Marco Goméz, Research Engineer at vides personnel to the space sector. 2030 Agenda released shortly after sity (BMSTU), presented a University the Costa Rica Institute of Technol- To better the pipeline Ehrenfreund the SDGs. The 3S’: safety, security, Alec Courtright, Research Assistant project held by students to help the ogy, presented the development of a said that agencies must collaborate and sustainability, were the prin- at Global Science & Technology, Inc., space weather forecast to protect as- satellite project by a non-space far- with institutions and universities to ciples that must be upheld to con- presented the opportunities for stu- sets by predicting solar events more ing nation, aiming at launching the ensure sustained competitiveness in serve space as a global commons for dents offered through three different efficiently. They use a group of na- first satellite of Central America. He the 21st century. DLR is hosting ap- future generations. programmes. Given the rapid devel- nosatellites performing X-rays mon- presented the many challenges en- proximately 500 visiting scientists opment of technologies, using small itoring at high altitude. This choice countered during the project and, in from over 100 countries every year, Lisa Callahan, Vice President and satellites has become a very efficient was made to reduce the cost of the particular, the financing issues. Not with diverse teams showing greater General Manager of Commercial way for learning. Despite some ine- mission, showing how students can being a space faring nation turns out innovative capacity and rethink- Civil Space at Lockheed Martin qualities in the spread of resources get their hands-on actual space ob- to be an obstacle to raise funds for ing existing solutions. Ehrenfreund Space, and Grazia Vittadini, Chief for students, using affordable tech- jects. satellite developments, hence, small concluded that talent management Technology Officer at Airbus De- nologies enables them to hone their satellites are a relevant solution. and diversity is the building block fence and Space, agreed that part- skills. David Henri, CEO of Exotrail, de- He pointed out that they resorted for future development. nerships among space companies velops new propulsion modules for to crowdfunding to get the proper were integral in achieving the more Ana-Mia Swardt, Chief Project Of- cubesats and explained how the financing in the end, successfully Elzbieta Bienkowska, European demanding missions of the coming ficer of Simera Sense, explain how electric propulsion can change the launching the project. Commissioner for Internal Market, decades. The larger space compa- the small satellites industry gave small satellites market, comparing Industry, Entrepreneurship, and nies with a wide range of products her company the opportunity to dedicated launches with piggy back Anastasia Volkova, Aeronautical En- SMEs at the European Commission and systems have the opportunity of develop rapidly com- ones. Adding propul- gineer at the University of Sydney, (EC), started off by noting that EC being the nexus point for NewSpace pared to before, sion to small gave an overview of the activities of has adopted the European Space actors. Vittadini recognized (1) dig- when it was satellites her recently founded start-up, fo- Strategy in 2016 to compensate italization, (2) private capital and difficult cusing on precision agriculture. The the private and public funds in the entrepreneurship, and (3) person- goal is to use space technologies European space sector. The budget alization as the driving force for such as GPS and Earth observation, boosted the development and us- the next wave of space exploration. to strengthen them with adequate age of the Galileo and Copernicus These forces will allow greater au- decision support and to offer a ser- initiative, which cemented Euro- tomation, paradigm shifts for da- vice through an application to moni- pean leadership in fighting climate ta-driven manufacturing, tapping of tor the crop health and plan the daily change. An increased budget pro- the 20 billion USD NewSpace mar- cares. posal is planned for the EC that will ket, and adoption of new business target increased public utilization of models. This panel clearly showed how satellite data, increased collabora- the small satellite development tion within and beyond EU member enables more and more to in- states, and cooperation agreements volve everyone with space, in- with partner nations in Asia and dependently of the environment Latin America for use of Copernicus and the resources. data. Simonetta Di Pippo, Director of UN Office for Outer Space Affairs (UN- 16 17
Plenary 6: From Deep Impact to Gravity Plenary 7: Greenhouse Gas Measurements from Public through Space Weather: Working Space – Difficult Challenges, Emerging Success, Day Together to Protect From Space and Plans for the Future Hazards, Human-made or Natural T he plenary session on the the climate change, is monitored. phere” and NASA investigates thor- T greenhouse gas measure- Sentinel 5P provides daily measure- oughly this phenomenon sending he plenary session From Earth. Since “following the scenario ment from space gathered ments of greenhouse gas, like meth- space missions. OCO-2, OCO-3 and Deep Impact to Grav- of the movie Armageddon is not an impressive number of ane for example, with a accuracy of GeoCarb are giving valuable infor- ity through Space very sustainable”, measures participants. The four speakers pre- 7.5x7.5km per pixel. Sentinel CO2 is mation to understand it. Weather: Working are taken to prevent any ca- sented how space can help measure a future mission that will focus on Together to Protect From tastrophe. The speakers the greenhouse gas in the atmos- the measurement of CO2 with an Alain Ratier, Director General of EU- Space Hazards, Hu- presented the means phere and the challenges related to accuracy of 2x2km. Lots of progress METSAT, presented the Copernicus man-made or Natural of observation to de- the different technologies. are made in the Earth monitoring programme since EUMETSAT is part held in the Arena tect those objects of the Copernicus team. He raised during the public and the possibili- the question about why measuring day has been at- ties of detection. from space. Space enables to have tended by sever- They also showed a global view of the carbon cycle, al thousands of interesting con- which would not be possible with people familiar cepts developed only terrestrial measurements. or not with space. by agencies to Measuring the carbon emission is The topic of space deviate the course not enough, it is mandatory to also safety has been of an impacting measure the flux, hence the impor- decomposed into object to prevent a tance of space. multiple subtop- major catastrophe. ics and simply ex- Naoto Matsuura, Senior Chief Of- plained so that the Last but not least, the ficer of Satellite Applications and general public could discussion tackled the Director of Earth Observation Re- easily follow the debates. space debris issue. They search Center (EORC) at the Ja- offered a good understand- pan Aerospace Exploration Agency Jan Woerner, Director Gener- ing of the origin of space de- (JAXA), showed GOSAT results. This al of the European Space Agency bris, what they are and why they mission observes methane and car- (ESA), Jim Bridenstine, Adminis- are here, in space. Interesting view bon dioxide. He also presented a trator of the National Aeronautics of Earth orbits filled with debris full roadmap from JAXA to monitor and Space Administration (NASA), what limits the Earth magnetic field were shown to mark the point. The Earth, including the successors of Thomas Jarzombek, Federal Govern- protect us. They explained how the speakers presented also the threat GOSAT, GOSAT-2 and GOSAT-3. Ja- ment Coordinator for the German solar activity is monitored, the ac- that they represent and the neces- pan is very dedicated to monitoring Aerospace Policy, Nicolas Chamussy, tions that can be taken in case of a sity to clean space “before it is too the atmosphere and has many fu- Executive Vice President Space Sys- dangerous event and where we can late”. They particularly insisted on ture missions planned already. tems at Airbus Defence and Space, still improve. the need to focus on space traffic Patrick Michel, Director of Research management to mitigate before- The question session offered a very at the Centre National de la Re- The second topic was about Near hand. Some innovating solutions interesting discussion about the val- cherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Earth Objects (NEOs), meaning for cleaning were presented, as idation of the measurements. Since Matteo Emanuelli, Co-Chair of the comets and asteroids passing by at well as actual projects developed by the modelling is a very tricky part Space Generation Advisory Council a relatively short distance from the agencies, taking very seriously this and future programmes will bring due to some lack of maturity of some (SGAC) shared their view on space threat to the space assets and our Josef Aschbacher, Head of ESRIN more tools to cope with the climate segments, making decision maker safety. They provided different in- life comfort. and Director of Earth Observation change. accept the data is not always easy. sight given their very different back- Programmes at the European Space The focus has to be put on the con- grounds, from science to politics and To conclude the panel, three people Agency (ESA), started with a video of Michael Freilich, Director of the version of the measurements into from engineering to management from the audience came on stage to the French President Emmanuel Ma- Earth Science Division at the Na- tangible and reliable information. and strategy. ask their questions directly to the cron saying: “There is no planet B”. tional Aeronautics and Space Ad- We still have a lot to learn on climate speakers, involving everyone in the So, he presented how “ESA is mon- ministration (NASA), explained the change and atmosphere monitoring. The first topic to be discussed was discussion. itoring planet A”. With the Sentinel pumping phenomenon of CO2. The It is clearly a group effort and it defi- space weather. They presented the series and the ESA Climate Change measurements show that “half of nitely involves everyone. sun activities; how dangerous it can Initiative, the combination of param- the anthropogenic CO2 put in the be to us and to spacecraft and in eters that is important to understand atmosphere stays in the atmos- 18 19
Highlight Lecture 1: The IAC 2018 Highlight Lectures Growing Role of Artificial Intelligence in Space Exploration S teve Ankuo Chien is the sub-pixel signatures of chemicals. Senior Research Scientist at ML can also “create” derivative the Jet Propulsion Laborato- sensors from raw data, such as the ry in CalTech. texture-cam classifier that success- fully differentiated plume, shadow, Chien started off by recognizing the success of implementing AI to the and land from the Eyjafjallajokull volcanic eruption in 2010. Highlight Lecture 2: Gravitational Wave Detection EO-1 Hyperion satellite. The Au- tonomous Sciencecraft Experiment (ASE) software implemented on Model-based AI systems allowed human scientists to input oper- on Ground and in Space – The New Window to EO-1 analyzes images onboard and control the acceptance and rejec- ational constraints and focus re- sources on high-level goal requests. The Universe K tion of images according to policies The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL; defined by scientists. Future EO Curiosity rover), when equipped arsten Danzmann, Director tion showed that the event was not satellites with AI capacities embed- with AI could autonomously per- of the Max Planck Institute detectable by any other instrument ded since launch will have greater form low-level planning tasks such for Gravitational Physics despite being the brighter than the potential for redirecting satellite as target detection, feature extrac- (Albert Einstein Institute) rest of the universe combined. This sensors for high-importance loca- tion, and prioritization. MSL was and the Institute for Gravitational difficulty to observe raised also tions, and efficient use of limited more effective in conducting exper- Physics of the Leibniz Universität questions like are black holes made data storage and communication iments with AI-aided systems than Hannover, gave a fascinating talk of dark matter? equipment. in 100% human-guided situations. about quantum physics and space research trying to understand the On the 17th of August 2017 the LIGO ASE’s potential can be further The planned adaptation of AI in- gravitational waves. He gave a short had the opportunity to observe a enhanced when implemented in cludes the Rosetta OSIRIS plume history of the LIGO, a tool to detect neutron star merger, inducing a entire constellation of satellites - detection model, where “broad gravitational waves, explained its gamma ray burst. It enabled to get where the output from one satellite sweep” processes acquire topo- functioning and showed some as- valuable data on the dynamics of the can inform the positioning of other graphic data and expectation levels tounding results. universe. satellites in the constellation. This for plumes, with “targeted sweeps” ent wave burst data analysis online will allow the real-time data pro- with focused instruments conduct This topic currently involves more pipeline. There was no match in The last part of Karsten presenta- visions for natural disasters such detailed scans for high-interest than a thousand of authors, 133 in- the database with mundane events: tion referred to the current and as forest fires and volcanoes. ASE areas. Multi-spacecraft operations stitutions and was even the reason They were listening to a black hole! future missions for gravitation- on EO-1 has already provided 100 will also be heavily guided by AI. for a Nobel prize in physics in 2017 al wave detection. He mentioned times more data for volcanic events The RELICS (Reionization Lensing for Rainer Weiss, Barry C. Barish and Karsten presented the actual re- the LISA mission and its precursor compared to baseline systems. For Cluster Survey) mission concept Kip S. Thorne “for decisive contribu- search on gravitational waves. There mission, LISA Pathfinder launched Thailand, ASE has doubled the tem- includes observing target galaxies tions to the LIGO detector and the are currently two LIGO deployed, in 2015. LISA consists in three sat- poral density of water information via 128 spacecrafts, with the AI-as- observation of gravitational waves.” one at Hanford, Washington, and ellites with 3 million km between in events such as flooding. sisted search expected to provide the second one at Livingston, Lou- them to detect galaxy collisions. up to 20% better results. Martian LIGO stands for Laser Interferom- isiana. They enabled to observe the By 2030 more ground based obser- Machine Learning (ML) techniques cave exploration missions using eter Gravitational-Wave Observa- merging of two black holes where vation missions will be developed excel in analyzing data beyond hu- multiple rovers for signal relay and tory. It is a tool to detect distance three solar masses where consumed (LNC, LSST, SKA, ALMA, EHT) and man senses. Multidimensional data redundancy systems is also under changes. The expected event rate of in a matter of seconds and converted space telescopes should join the such as hyperspectral data, or hy- investigation. the observatory is around once per into gravitational waves. fleet (JWST, EUCLID, Gaia, WFIRST, perspectral analyses that can reach year, to compare with once a mil- eROSITA, GRAVITY). up to a few hundreds of spectrums, Lastly, Chien mentioned how AI lennium before the modifications of By their intrinsic nature, black holes can be conducted with relative ease lead to the democratization of 2011. From 2011 to 2015, the LIGO are extremely difficult to observe. As Karsten made it clear that space will compared to humans whose senses space as institutions without space was improved to a factor 10 but it Karsten said “black holes do not have still contribute greatly to the sci- are limited to three dimensions and background could directly receive was still no enough in regard to the hair”, illustrating that they do not ence of gravitational waves as there visual spectrums. ML can process customized analysis products. initial goal where a factor 3 was still have any other property than a mass is still a lot to discover and under- super pixel segmentation to de- missing. The 14th of September 2015, and an angular momentum, limiting stand. crease noise and reduce data, while while LIGO was still in commission- greatly the means of detection. The pattern recognition allows finding ing, an alert is given by the coher- electromagnetic radiation detec- 20 21
IAC 2018 Late Breaking News Highlight Lecture 3: The Sky is not the Limit – HAYABUSA2, MASCOT, MINERVA II Paving the Way for an Orbital Society T he morning of the last day the descent, the lander was up- and Germany. It will be the same T of the IAC, Pascale Ehren- side down. It took 20 images before model of cooperation. He gave om Enders, CEO of the aer- rations in Europe are to weak. Tom better competitivity by lowering the freund, Chair of the Exec- reaching the surface. The 21st pho- shortly the floor to Aurélie Moussi ospace company Airbus, encouraged vigorously more coop- costs and delays due to the work be- utive Board of the German to should have been the first when who worked on the CNES side discussed about business eration between France and Germa- ing done in different countries. Last, Aerospace Center (DLR), Jean-Yves landed. However, the telemetry of MASCOT, she explained the opportunities in space ny, the two heavy weights of Europe, we should not be shy and push for Le Gall, President of the Centre Na- stopped at the 19th image. Without challenges that was faced during when facing the current transfor- to show the way and to boost the European preference, exactly like tional d’Etudés Spatiales (CNES) images, determining the position the development phase. Having no mation of the sector. The increasing developments in space. He unfortu- the US is doing. It is clearly unbal- and Masaki Fujimoto, Professor of of MASCOT was a difficult job and propulsion, no anchor system but a number of private ventures invest- nately deplored “too much talk, not anced. Space Plasma Physics at the Insti- the instruments were giving weird mobility system and having a very ing into space capabilities is a good enough walk”, dragging down con- tute of Space and Astronautical Sci- results. The control team took then short time for development pushed indicator of the reality of an orbit- siderably the efficiency of Europe- Enders also insisted on the need for ence, Japan Aerospace Exploration the tough decision of interrupting the teams to their limit to deliver al economy, especially at low Earth an projects, making them unable to inspiration. The people working in Agency (JAXA), presented, with the the nominal sequence and move the this masterpiece that is MASCOT. orbit. However, the push for space face the competition. the space industry do that by pas- support of experts, the Hayabusa2 lander to put it in the correct posi- exploration, and even manned space sion. It is important to imagine vi- mission on the Ryugu asteroid and tion before resuming its activities Masaki Fujimoto presented JAXA’s exploration expands this economy On the bright side, Enders does not sionary projects that capture human its last developments. on Ryugu. It was a thrilling expe- Small Body Exploration Program. to the Moon and beyond. estimate the Europe to be done, creativity. The industry has its role rience to follow this little lander’s Given that these small bodies might since the potential of excellency and to play and need more public sup- After giving a description of the adventure on a foreign world. have brought the water to our plan- The challenge that the Airbus group know-how is there. He strongly sug- port, hence a strong need to rein- mission and its instruments, Ehren- et, the objective of this program is facing today consists in under- force the space outreach. freund was very proud to announce Jean-Yves Le Gall presented the is “going after the Big Question”. standing how to keep the momen- the successful landing of MASCOT French contribution in the project. It shows that, despite its unques- tum of exploring space and the place He suggested many projects to boost from 60 meters. The small lander He pointed out that, even if it was tionable success, Hayabusa2 is just that Europe can take in these chang- the European economy like the had a few bounces and given that not always smooth, MASCOT is an a small element in JAXA’s program es. “Will Europe end up being the 3D-printing of an entire platform in Ryugu’s surface is extremely rough, excellent example of international with much more to come. He also former gateway to the world or will space feasible within 2 to 3 years, a it was a very difficult landing. At cooperation. France brought its gave a feedback on the challenges it turn out to become the new gate- full on-orbit servicing mission or a the time of the conference, MAS- know-how acquired at CNES with met for the operation of the mis- way to space?” At this level of dif- worldwide quantum data transmis- COT had already spent three nights the Philae instrument developed sion. He gave the example of the ficulty, going alone is not possible sion network. on the asteroid since a single day for the Rosetta mission that landed landing surface. Some hasty as- anymore, cooperation is mandatory. lasts 7 hours. 4 years ago. Orienting towards the sumption was made that part of the The US gives an excellent example Europe is full of opportunity to be During future, Le Gall presented surface would be smooth, which was of cooperation between the govern- explored and it needs to embrace shortly MMX as the not the case. The target was catego- ment, the NASA and the Industry the changes to stay competitive. future of MASCOT. rized “unfriendly” and the decision resulting in spectacular develop- ArianeGroup is, for example, a first MMX is a mission centre needed more information. ments. In comparison, the collabo- gested that Europe should not just step towards efficiency. planning to send Fortunately, The Minerva system watch but be an active partner with small rover on gave amazing images enabling a three main axes. First, a restructur- Phobos in better planning for the mission. ation of the European governance is 2024. As needed. The current system is too Hayabusa2, What the actor of the project de- heavy, adding difficulty in space it is from scribed as the keys for the success projects for no reason. Second, the Japan with of this international cooperation repartition of the geo-return should instru- were trust, respect and courage. be reconsidered in case of interna- ments and tional competition. Having a more systems global geo-return instead of a split deve l o p e d by project would help maintaining a by France 22 23
IAF Global Networking ministration at Asgardia, moderated the panel on using ISS as a launch- decisions for a post-ISS cooperation of multiple space stations and devel- Robert T. Richards, Vice President of Strategy and Business Develop- Forum (GNF) pad for future astronautics. The opment of cis-lunar infrastructure. ment, Advanced Programs Division panel consisted of experts from gov- at Northrop Grumman, continued ernment and industry at the United on the topic of beyond-Earth ex- States and Russia. Evgeny Mirkin, ploration. With the recent acquisi- General Designer at RSC Energia, tion of Orbital ATK (now Northrop remarked ISS’ unique efforts in the Grumman Innovation Systems), the GNF Sessions: Monday 1 October past two decades of international collaboration, with 56 expeditions Cygnus spacecraft has been added to Northrop Grumman’s growing and 232 cosmonauts and astronauts portfolio of space systems. Cygnus’ Opening Day to date. Dmitri Loskutov, Head of International Cooperation Depart- autonomous capture and docking capabilities and “free-flyer” capa- ment at Roscosmos, commented bilities allow the ISS to be the hub T that ISS utilization will continue of higher-orbit missions, with “Cyg- he GNF Sessions at IAC2018 Development (3Is4D). Cenan Al-Ek- through 2030, with the open archi- nus Labs” being mini-stations that opened with the IAF Pres- abi, Project Manager at the IAF, tecture platform allowing for indus- will undertake shorter-term exper- ident, Jean-Yves Le Gall reported on the growing number try participation as well as govern- iments. The Lunar Gateway Archi- emphasizing the increased of delegates from emerging space ment. Mark Mulqueen, ISS Program tecture, being built collaboratively role of GNF in integrating different nations, and the representation of Manager at Boeing, described how with other commercial space mod- sectors and disciplines. The Vice youth at IAC. Mr.Al-Ekabi also not- private technologies developed on ule providers, add flexibility and President for Science & Academic ed on the growth potential for gen- the ISS is now being used for be- autonomy to lunar exploration by Relations and Global Networking der representation (only 23% of IAC yond-ISS missions such as the Lunar enabling frequent lunar lander mis- Forum, Gabriella Arrigo, encouraged 2018 attendees were female), and the Gateway, with spin-off technologies sions and real-time control of lunar audience members to actively par- role of Global Conferences on Space benefitting lives back on Earth and rovers. ticipate in sharing and exchange of for Emerging Countries (GLEC) in human spaceflight capabilities be- ideas and opinions, under the spirit connecting emerging space nations yond Earth orbit. William Gersten- of “Meet, Share, and Connect.” to the global ecosystem. Shirish maier, Associate Administrator for Ravan, Senior Programm Officer at Human Spaceflight at NASA, lastly Roberto Battiston, President of the UNOOSA, talked about the role of commented on how inter-govern- Italian Space Agency (ASI), reported UN SDG1 #9: Industry, Innovation, mental and private partnerships on how the Alpha Magnetic Spec- and Infrastructure in linking space fostered through ISS is informing trometer (AMS) on the ISS has ad- applications to the socio-economic vanced our understanding of dark benefits. The workshop discussions matter and cosmic ray particles. showed how industry and startups AMS is an international collabora- from emerging countries can ben- tive research effort that utilizes the ISS-board particle detector (AMS- efit from increased access to space by means of broadband accessibility, GNF Sessions: Tuesday 2 October 02), CERN (European Organization Earth observation, and international for Nuclear Research) laboratories, and stratospheric balloon experi- cooperation for innovation. Joachim Post, International Relations at the Industry Stream T ments. AMS-02 can directly observe German Aerospace Center (DLR), cosmic rays of which the positron remarked that developing countries he second day of GNF at nurtures lunar engineers. Ahsan (e+) and helium fluxes have generat- have gaps of understanding of space the Industry Stream con- Choudhuri, Director at NASA MIRO ed results that cannot be explained technologies between the providers sisted of an inter-party Center for Space Exploration & Tech by single rigidity models. AMS’ con- and beneficiaries. Raising aware- panel on lunar exploration, Research, noted that the current tinued study of 4-He (an isotope of ness in all levels and across sectors the newly-formed Australian space aerospace workforce does not repre- Helium) will provide new insight is especially important for countries agency, a startup pitch session, and sent the 21st-century demographic, into the existence of anti-helium, challenged in utilizing space tech- three industry deep dives. and sustainable education and men- and consequently, of the properties nologies. To this, both Ravan and torship is required. The discussion of antimatter. Post commented on the importance The GNF sessions started with an moved to lunar infrastructures, with of enablers: academic environment, international panel on lunar explo- Maria Antonietta Perino, Director of Simonetta Di Pippo, Director at governmental support programs, ration, moderated by Eric Stallmer, Relations with Space Associations the United Nations Office for Outer and enthusiasm for entrepreneur- President of the Commercial Space- of Thales Alena Space in Italy, em- Space Affairs (UNOOSA), moderated ship. flight Federation in the USA. Nicolas phasizing the role of flexible, con- the panel on the Results of the 26th Lena De Winne, Deputy Head of Ad- Faber, COO at Blue Horizon in Lux- figurative architecture with immer- Workshop on Space Technology for embourg, quoted the Advanced Stu- sive virtual-reality environments Socio-Economic Benefits: Industry, dent Team Research in Space (AS- for lunar missions. Comments from 1 United Nations Sustainable Develop- Innovation, and Infrastructure for ment Goals. TRI) program in Luxembourg that other major private parties, includ- 24 25
ing Peter McGrath from the Boe- National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) form aggregate launch provider in- and designate a single point of con- The third Industry Deep Dive session Callahan, Vice President and Gen- ing Company in the U.S., Dominic and the UK Space Agency (UKSA). formation to contract for the opti- tacts for all acquired companies to was from Agnieszka Lukaszczyk, eral Manager of Commercial Civil “Tony” A. Antonelli from Lockheed Australia’s geographic location for mal payload space; and Valispace, expedite communication and ensure Senior Director for European Af- Space at Lockheed Martin, and Lon Martin Space Systems in the U.S., connecting orbital space and Earth whose data management integra- the independence of the startup. fairs at Planet. Lukaszczyk described Levin, President and CEO at GEO- and Juergen Ackerman from Ariane- has also attracted deep space com- tion platform facilitates an inte- how Planet (previously Planet Labs) share, about the MILO Space Sci- Group in France, reinforced the role munication stations from ESA and grated design process. There were The second Industry Deep Dive bootstraps by insourcing every de- ence Institute. The MILO Institute of next-generation technology in NASA. The Australian Space Agen- also mid-product providers, where session was from Kyle Acierno, the velopment process: R&D, manufac- serves as a nexus point for organ- lunar exploration, whose develop- cy is investing heavily in commer- Space Products and Innovation Managing Director for iSpace Eu- ture, operation, and data manage- izations around the world on iden- ment is influenced by government cial infrastructure, with a 1 billion (SpiN) provides plug&play satellite rope. Acierno said key partnerships ment. The insourcing and control tifying promising missions, gather- partnership and VC1 funding. Speak- dollars (AUD) capital target for the components and Manastu Space are essential in advancing startups allow Planet to iterate rapidly while ing funding, and collaboration for ers from startups, including Karsten next term. The highly developed Technologies Pvt Ltd whose Hy- to the next stage. For iSpace, tech- managing three constellations (300 mission operations. Currently, the Becker of PT Scientists in Germany, automation and robotic industry drogen Peroxide based propellent nology partnership with Suzuki for CubeSats, 5 RapidEye satellites, and institute has acquired 200 million and Kyle Acierno of iSpace Europe in of Australia, as well as the growing is cheaper and safer than Hydra- wheel development, and partner- 10+ SkySats) and integrating within dollars in funding for the develop- Luxembourg, spoke of autonomous startup ecosystem, would strong- zine. Lastly, there were application ship with commercial developers for verticals. Planet’s new direction is ment and operations of six small- systems and AI-led data analytics ly position Australia in the global startups such as Virtual Space Sys- lunar landers were crucial for the ef- in data management where Planet sats that will locate near-Earth as- that allows smaller companies to space supply chain. tems with a virtual reality platform ficient acquisition of knowledge and donates Earth Observation data for teroids. have lunar capabilities. Oliver Juck- with a treadmill and Sensovo GmbH investor validation. iSpace Europe humanitarian purposes. enhoefel, Vice President of On-Or- The first edition of the IAF Start- whose watch-like product provide has received 500 million dollars in bit Services at Exploration at Airbus up Pitch Session, saw 10 startups tactical navigation. funding, which will be utilized for The last Industry Deep Dive session Defence and Space, closed off by give 5-minute pitches followed by the first two missions to be launched came from Jim Bell, Director at the remarking new initiatives for lunar 2-minute Q&A sessions. Four start- Valispace was both the judge’s and by SpaceX. ASU Space Technology and Sci- exploration such as the Moon Race ups presented airborne/spaceborne audience’s choice winner, to receive ence (“NewSpace”) Initiative, Lisa by Airbus. hardware: AlphaLink that man- coaching sessions from Airbus Bi- ufactures unmanned multi-body zlab and Boeing Horizon X Ventures, At IAC 2017, the Australian govern- aircraft for ultra-long duration air- as well as three tickets to IAC 2019 ment announced the approval for the borne capabilities; Insitek, whose sponsored by Lockheed Martin. Australian Space Agency (ASA). The tethered balloon infrastructure head of the Australian Space Agen- bring telecommunication services The first Industry Deep Dive session cy, Megan Clark, was interviewed by to places where landline internet that followed featured Chris Moran, moderator Pamela Melroy, Director services are difficult to implement; Vice President of Corporate De- of Space Technology and Policy at Dawn Aerospace, whose rock- velopment and Executive Director Nova Systems of Australia on the fu- et-powered high-speed UAV could and General Manager of Lockheed ture prospects of the Agency. Clark launch satellites to low-earth or- Martin Ventures (LMV). Moran de- first mentioned the growing collab- bit; and Space Walker Inc. whose scribed how factors of prior partner- oration among agencies, noting new suborbital spaceplane can act as a ships, government relations, and fi- cooperation’s between the Austral- platform for research or smallsat nancial soundness are all important ian Space Agency and the Centre launches. There were also platform for startups looking to get invest- service providers such as Precious ments from LMV. LMV work with 1 Venture Capital Payload Inc., whose rideshare plat- multiple accelerators and partners 26 27
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