Birds Migratory TheArctic Initiative - African-Eurasian Flyway Workplan 2019-2023 English, Français, Português, Español - CAFF
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Arctic
The
Migratory
Birds
Initiative
African-Eurasian Flyway Workplan 2019-2023
English, Français, Português, Español
The Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) is a Working Group of the Arctic Council.
CAFF Designated Agencies:
• Norwegian Environment Agency, Trondheim, Norway
• Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Canada
• Faroese Museum of Natural History, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands (Kingdom of Denmark)
• Ministry of the Environment, Helsinki, Finland
• Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Reykjavik, Iceland
• • Ministry of Nature and Environment, Government of Greenland
• Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
• Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Stockholm, Sweden
• United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, Alaska
CAFF Permanent Participant Organizations:
• Aleut International Association (AIA)
• Arctic Athabaskan Council (AAC)
• Gwich’in Council International (GCI)
• Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC)
• Russian Indigenous Peoples of the North (RAIPON)
• Saami Council
This publication is an excerpt and translation from a larger report and should be cited as: CAFF. 2019. Arctic Migratory Birds
Initiative (AMBI): Workplan 2019-2023. CAFF Strategies Series No. 30. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, Akureyri,
Iceland. ISBN: 978-9935-431-79-0.
Translation: Sergio Rejado Albaina, Geoffroy Citegetse
Cover photo: Red knot. Photo: Morten Ekker
Layout: Courtney Price
More information on CAFF’s Arctic Migratory Birds Initiative (AMBI): www.caff.is/ambi
For more information please contact:
CAFF International Secretariat
Borgir, Nordurslod
600 Akureyri, Iceland
Phone: +354 462-3350
Fax: +354 462-3390
www.caff.is
Facebook @CAFFS
Twitter @CAFFSecretariat
Instagram @caff_arctic_biodiversity
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-
ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/. All photographs are subject to
a separate restricted copyright and may not be reproduced without explicit consent,
which should be sought directly from the copyright holder.
This version has been translated into available languages. Where discrepancies exist
the English document shall prevail as the approved language.
CAFF Designated Area
The
Arctic
Migratory
Birds
Initiative
Arctic Migratory Birds Initiative (AMBI)............................................................................................. 4
Introduction and context.............................................................................................................................................................. 4
AMBI African-Eurasian Flyway Workplan.......................................................................................... 5
Introduction....................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Geographical scope........................................................................................................................................................................ 5
Priority species and conservation issues................................................................................................................................. 6
Objectives and actions................................................................................................................................................................... 7
L’Initiative pour les Oiseaux Migrateurs Arctiques (AMBI)............................................................10
Introduction et contexte.............................................................................................................................................................10
Plan de Travail 2019-2023 pour la Voie de Migration Afrique-Eurasie.........................................11
Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................................................11
Portée géographique...................................................................................................................................................................11
Espèces prioritaires et problèmes de conservation..........................................................................................................12
Objectifs et actions........................................................................................................................................................................13
Iniciativa para as Aves Migratórias Árticas (AMBI).........................................................................14
Introdução e contexto..................................................................................................................................................................14
Plano de Trabalho 2019-2023 para a Rota Migratória Afro-Eurasiática.......................................15
Introdução ......................................................................................................................................................................................15
Delimitação geográfica................................................................................................................................................................15
Espécies prioritárias e questões de conservação...............................................................................................................16
Objetivos e ações...........................................................................................................................................................................17
La Iniciativa para las Aves Migratorias Árticas (AMBI)...................................................................18
Introducción y contexto..............................................................................................................................................................18
Plan de Trabajo 2019-2023 para la Ruta Migratoria Afro-Eurasiática...........................................19
Introducción....................................................................................................................................................................................19
Delimitación geográfica..............................................................................................................................................................19
Especies prioritarias y desafíos de conservación................................................................................................................20
Objetivos y acciones.....................................................................................................................................................................21
4
Arctic Migratory Birds Initiative (AMBI)
Introduction and context
The Arctic Migratory Birds Initiative (AMBI), is a project of the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF), the biodiversity
working group of the Arctic Council. AMBI is designed to improve the conservation status and secure the long-term
sustainability of declining Arctic breeding migratory bird populations. Through conservation of a shared natural and cultural
resource, AMBI will have a positive impact on societies for whom migratory birds are a source of livelihood and spiritual
inspiration.
The 2013 Arctic Biodiversity Assessment found that many Arctic migratory species are threatened by overharvest and habitat
alteration outside the Arctic, especially birds along the East Asian-Australasian flyway. AMBI provides implementation of
Recommendation #8 of the Arctic Biodiversity Assessment to ‘reduce stressors on migratory species range-wide, including
habitat degradation and overharvesting on wintering and staging areas and along flyways and other migration routes’.
AMBI organizes activities across four flyways:
► African-Eurasian;
► Americas;
► Circumpolar.;
► East Asian-Australasian.
AMBI has brought together experts from across the globe to develop workplans for each of the above flyways that address
priority conservation needs of AMBI priority species in each respective geography. Actions proposed by AMBI are designed to
bring added value to ongoing conservation programs, or to address issues that are currently underrepresented. While each of
these flyway workplans are intended to stand alone, there are several crosscutting themes that are relevant for all flyways. At
an implementation meeting in Rovaniemi, Finland, AMBI representatives and experts identified four cross-cutting actions that
need to be implemented in all flyways, and which are reflected in this workplan:
1. Increase data sharing and standardization along and across flyways,
2. Assess cumulative effects on Arctic-breeding migratory bird populations including climate change, pollution,
shipping, fishing, infrastructure development, habitat loss, and harvest,
3. Support conservation actions for Arctic-breeding migratory birds in non-Arctic countries through coordinated
cooperative efforts with embassies and other diplomatic efforts, including supporting on-going actions and
initiatives, and
4. Support the sharing of experiences and expertise between wetlands that support Arctic-breeding migratory
bird populations.
It is important to note that while the plans address certain issues and focal species, AMBI is interested in conservation of all
Arctic breeding migratory bird species, and, in future, the species and issues of focus may change as needed to address new or
worsening conservation concerns. Indeed, AMBI may take advantage of unexpected opportunities to advance Arctic breeding
bird conservation, should they arise.
This document builds on the AMBI Workplan 2015-2019 (referred to in this document as AMBI Phase 1), its mid-term
evaluation, and subsequent expert consultation.
African Eurasian Flyway
5
AMBI African-Eurasian Flyway Workplan
Anders Braa, Norwegian Environment Agency
Danny Heptinstall, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, UK
Andrés Barbosa, Spanish National Research Council, Spain
Wilmar Remmelts, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Department of Nature and Biodiversity, The Netherlands
Gerold Lüerßen, Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Germany
David Grémillet, Center of Ecology and Evolutionary Ecology (CEFE/CNRS), France
Nicola Crockford, BirdLife International, UK
Nina Mikander, African Eurasian Waterbird Agreement
Courtney Price, CAFF Secretariat, AMBI Global Coordinator
Sergio Rejado Albaina, AMBI AFEU Coordinator
African-Eurasian Flyway
Introduction
This flyway is defined by the African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbird Agreement (AEWA). This flyway hosts Arctic-breeding birds
that winter in western and central Europe and western Africa. It includes the East Atlantic, Black Sea-Mediterranean, Central
Asia, and West Asia-East Africa Flyways.
Priority activities have been selected where AMBI can potentially add significant value to existing initiatives through
engagement of Arctic Council States and Observer countries. Value can be added through diplomatic interventions,
channelling funds (e.g. from development aid or Arctic budgets that might not otherwise be available for flyway
conservation), and through capacity building and exchange of information and experience within and between flyways.
Geographical scope
Under AMBI, the Africa-Eurasian Flyway is defined to a great extent by the geographical scope of the African-Eurasian
Migratory Waterbird Agreement (AEWA), which is a legally-binding multilateral environment treaty encompassing the East
Atlantic, Black Sea-Mediterranean, Central Asia, and West Asia-East Africa Flyways. It should be noted, however, that the
African-Eurasian Flyway as defined under AMBI extends further east than AEWA, partially covering the Central Asian Flyway as
well.
6
Priority species and conservation issues
Species
The selected priority species for the African-Eurasian Flyway are:
1. Bar-tailed Godwit (Limosa lapponica lapponica and L.l. taimyrensis)
2. Red Knot (Calidris canutus canutus and C.c. islandica)
3. Dunlin (Calidris alpina arctica and C.a. schinzii)
4. Lesser White-fronted Goose (Anser erythropus)
5. Long-tailed Duck (Clangula hyemalis)
6. Velvet Scoter (Melanitta fusca)
7. Curlew Sandpiper (Calidris ferruginea)
These birds have been chosen as flagship species as all but Dunlin are listed as globally threatened or near-threatened on the
IUCN Red List. Species 1-4 were included in AMBI Work Plan 2015-2019 (Phase 1). Species 5-7 have been added to reflect their
IUCN Red List uplisting and new AEWA action plans. The Curlew Sandpiper was added to reflect both its priority for the Central
Asian Flyway and the Bijagós Archipelago, and because it represents key challenges facing Arctic-breeding migratory birds in
the African-Eurasian Flyway.
Richard Chandler Peter Prokosch Imran Shah/Flickr CC 2.0
USFWS
Bar-tailed Godwit (spp. taymyrensis) Dunlin (spp. arctica and schinzii) Red Knot (spp. canutus and islandica) Curlew Sandpiper
Morten Ekker Åsa Berndtsson/Flickr CC 2.0
Morten Ekker
Lesser White-fronted Goose Long-tailed Duck Velvet Scoter
Conservation issues
AMBI addresses two main global threats, which are equally relevant in this flyway:
1. Loss, disturbance, and degradation of habitat: This threat affects important wetlands across the flyway including each
different sub-flyway. The focus of AMBI delivery is the Bijagós Archipelago of Guinea-Bissau in West Africa because it is
the only one of the top three sites for AMBI priority shorebird species in the flyway not yet to have World Heritage (WH)
status. The other two are the Wadden Sea and the Banc d’Arguin, Mauritania who work together in the framework of
the Wadden Sea Flyway Initiative (WSFI) under a Memorandum of Understanding. AMBI extends the capacity of the
WSFI to support Guinea-Bissau with the World Heritage re-nomination and thus to help address threats from illegal
fishing, potential oil and gas developments, habitat disturbance, cutting of mangroves, shipping, and sea level rise1 . It is
paramount to prevent further loss of habitat, as well as promoting restoration actions.
2. Unsustainable harvest/take (including accidental and illegal killing) of migratory birds along the flyway: Arctic-
breeding migratory birds are harvested along their migratory routes at rates often above sustainable levels, and despite
often being legally protected. Other species which are still open for harvest but are in decline, such as the Long-tailed
Duck and Velvet Scoter, face additional accidental human-induced adult mortality through fisheries bycatch.
1. Campredon, P. & Catry, P. 2016 “Bijagos Archipelago (Guinea Bissau)”, The wetland book, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-6173-5_158-1
African Eurasian Flyway
7
Objectives and actions
Objective 1: Improve conservation and management of shorebird sites throughout the African-Eurasian
flyway.
Action 1: Secure intertidal habitat of Arctic-breeding shorebirds in Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau:
a. Advance and potentially coordinate international engagement to support the Bijagós World Heritage
nomination process, as appropriate.
b. Provide technical support to and enhance the capacity of IBAP and other national partners for
strengthening the conservation management of the Bijagós Archipelago, including through its
nomination and designation as a UNESCO World Heritage site.
The Bijagós Archipelago in Guinea-Bissau is the second most important African site for migratory shorebirds that
breed in the Arctic. Each year an estimated one million waders winter in the Bijagós. Of the 10,000 km2 land area of
the archipelago, 1,600 km2 are intertidal habitats (sand banks and mudflats) and 350 km2 are mangrove habitats on
which these birds depend. The recent (2012-2013) assessment of the site in relation to its deferred nomination as a
natural World Heritage Site, offers a timely opportunity for AMBI to support Guinea-Bissau, and specifically its Institute
for Biodiversity and Protected Areas (IBAP), in addressing the recommendations of the World Heritage Committee
(WHC) with a view to resubmission of the nomination. This process is regarded as an important driver for ensuring the
conservation status of the site is maintained and enhanced.
Action 2: Ensure identification and documentation of key sites for shorebirds in available format as a tool for
national/international sustainable site management.
Although adequate platforms and formats exist within the flyway for accomplishing this objective (such as the CSN
tool2), these are often lacking information or outdated due to either unavailability of reliable data, or lack of capacity
and/or means of Range States to collect and contribute their data to them. AMBI can help to address this issue by
facilitating technical support as well as through the mobilization of resources to support the collection and submission
of information to these platforms. Specifically, the flyway coordinator could approach partners in the flyway such as
Wetlands International to assess where such gaps exist and then facilitate the in-country assessment of sites, for example
by engaging the embassies of Arctic Council States and Observer countries in these range states. This action would
contribute to Target 3.1 of the AEWA Strategic Plan to document nationally and internationally important sites for
populations listed on Table 1 in Annex 3 to AEWA by MOP8 (2021) and to conduct gap-filling surveys by MOP10 (2027).
Objective 2: Increase quality and quantity of population status assessment data of Arctic breeding
waterbirds in the African-Eurasian Flyway.
Action 1: Support the implementation of the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Programme (CBMP) and the
revised AEWA Guidelines on Waterbird Monitoring with respect to those Arctic-breeding waterbirds for
which optimal data are still lacking, through cooperation with the African-Eurasian Waterbird Monitoring
Partnership and the Wadden Sea Flyway Initiative by providing financial and/or technical support.
The wintering ranges of some Arctic bird populations overlap, reducing the reliability of population estimates based
on winter counts (e.g. Dunlin; the wintering ranges of some other populations are not precisely known and may widely
overlap). Sampling-based surveys in the breeding grounds have potential to provide more statistically robust estimates
than the wintering counts for some species. For Greenland, many of the population estimates are still based on Meltofte
(2001)3.
It is therefore necessary to support the production of statistically robust breeding population estimates for Arctic waders
in Eastern Canada, Greenland, Iceland, Fennoscandia, and Russia, and demographic data in non-breeding areas4. Ideally
all Arctic countries would set up a sampling protocol, drawing experience from successful frameworks such as PRISM
in North America. AMBI is strategically placed to support this, since it is the only forum that brings all these countries
together. Besides, breeding monitoring can provide valuable insight on other threats and cumulative impacts specific to
breeding areas, including harvest, pollution, climate change, or habitat degradation.
2. Critical Site Network Tool: http://criticalsites.wetlands.org
3. Meltofte,H. 2001. Wader Population censuses in the Arctic: getting the timing right. Arctic 54: 367-376
4. Robinson, RA, NA Clark, R. Lanctot, S. Nebel, B. Harrington, JA Clark, JA Gill, H. Meltofte, DI Rogers, KG Rogers, BJ Ens, CM Reynolds, RM
Ward, T. Piersma & PW Atkinson 2005: Long term demographic monitoring of wader populations in non-breeding areas - Wader Study
Group Bull. 106: 17-29.
8
Action 2: Support improved population delineation of Arctic-breeding waders by collating Arctic breeding wader
migration data (tracking, colour-marking, geolocator, ringing data, etc.) and presenting it on the CSN tool
to improve flyway delineation data.
Flyway delineations of many biogeographic populations of Arctic migratory birds are still insufficiently known.
Population estimates are mainly based on counts in the wintering grounds. However, these are likely to be inaccurate
where there is insufficient data to support flyway delineations. For example, the Sanderling in Namibia are traditionally
assigned to the South-west Asia, Eastern and Southern African wintering population. However, colour-marking and
geolocator data indicates that a significant proportion of those birds may actually belong to the East Atlantic Europe,
West and Southern African wintering population. However, in the absence of similar studies being carried out also in
Russia, the degree of overlap between the two populations cannot be estimated. CAFF/AMBI can play a major role in
pulling together the available data that can be presented on the CSN tool - based on the experience of the SEATRACK
project5.
Objective 3: Development and dissemination of information and awareness materials addressing priority
target
Action 1: Support the development of communication products (in collaboration with flyway partners)
showcasing migratory connectivity, knowledge gaps, and threats in the African-Eurasian flyway area.
CAFF has experience in producing high-quality communication materials, which could transport key messages to a wider
audience and could be used by various partners to showcase migratory connectivity, knowledge gaps, and threats facing
Arctic-breeding migratory birds across their range. Sharing that experience and know-how with the flyway would bring
much added value to ongoing conservation efforts.
Objective 4: Reduce bycatch of seaducks in the Baltic Sea
Action 1: Support the implementation of the AEWA Long-tailed Duck and Velvet Scoter International Single
Species Action Plans with respect to the identified activities regarding bycatch under the auspices of the
AEWA European Seaduck International Working Group.
The two AEWA International Single Species Action Plans already identify the agreed priority actions in relation to
bycatch in the Baltic Sea for the Long-tailed Duck and the Velvet Scoter. These actions were agreed by all Range States
during the action-planning processes, taking into consideration the various national and international actors already
engaged in activities for seaducks in the area (EU, HELCOM etc.). All Range States to the species are members of the inter-
governmental AEWA European Seaduck International Working Group – regardless of whether they are Parties to AEWA or
not (including Russia). Providing the Working Group and relevant Baltic Range States with support in implementing their
activities related to bycatch (complementing AMBI’s success in the Circumpolar Flyway) will thus bring added value by
further speeding up delivery of this priority result, for example in relation to Poland which is not an AEWA Party but is an
observer to the Arctic Council.
Objective 5: Support measures under the AEWA Lesser White-fronted Goose (LWfG) International
Working Group (IWG) to prevent illegal killing.
Action 1: Assist the AEWA LWfG IWG with the translation and dissemination of awareness-raising and education
materials in key areas for the species within the Russian Arctic amongst indigenous and local
communities.
The Lesser White-fronted Goose has been chosen as a model/flagship species in the flyway, highlighting the
comprehensive conservation efforts needed to tackle the threat of illegal killing. Awareness-raising and education
materials have already been developed under the ongoing international cooperation. Support is still needed, however,
with the translation and appropriate dissemination of such materials in the vicinity of sites used by the species
throughout the Russian Arctic and sub-Arctic. CAFF is uniquely placed to support the Working Group with this task, as it
can provide in particular contacts with the local indigenous communities.
5. SEATRACK: http://www.seapop.no/en/seatrack/
African Eurasian Flyway
9
Action 2: Support the UNEP/AEWA Secretariat in engaging key Range States on a diplomatic level through Arctic
Council member and observer country embassies.
Further support is needed to engage key range state governments in the conservation work for the species—particularly
in relation to illegal killing along the West Asian part of the flyway. For example, Arctic Council member and Observer
country embassies situated in key range states could support ongoing efforts to increase government engagement in the
region by approaching in-country Foreign Office and Environment Ministry counterparts.
The legal remit and subsequent mandate of the AEWA International Single Species Action Plan for the Conservation of
the Lesser White-fronted Goose and the intergovernmental AEWA Lesser White-fronted Goose International Working
Group is limited to the Western Palearctic populations of the species occurring in the African-Eurasian Flyway. In
relation to conservation efforts for the Eastern main population of the Lesser White-fronted Goose within the East-Asian
Australasian Flyway, the AEWA International Working Group continues to offer support in terms of sharing best practice
on conservation interventions, the establishment of a discreet Species Action Plan under the EAAFP as well as providing
templates for awareness-raising and environmental education materials. China and Japan have been invited to the
International Working Group as permanent observers and currently participate on expert level.
10
L’Initiative pour les Oiseaux Migrateurs Arctiques
(AMBI)
Introduction et contexte
L’Initiative pour les Oiseaux Migrateurs Arctiques (« Arctic Migratory Bird Initiative », en sigle « AMBI ») est un projet de la
CAFF (« Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna »), le groupe de travail pour la biodiversité du Conseil de l’Arctique. AMBI est
conçu avec le but d’améliorer l’état de conservation et garantir la durabilité à long-terme des populations en declin d’oiseaux
migrateurs qui nichent en arctique (ou, simplement, oiseaux migrateurs arctiques) . À travers la conservation d’une ressource
naturelle et culturelle partagée, AMBI aura un impact positif sur les sociétés pour lesquelles les oiseaux migrateurs sont une
source d’inspiration et de moyen de subsistance.
En 2013, l’Évaluation de la Biodiversité Arctique (« Arctic Biodiversity Assessment », en sigle « ABA ») a trouvé que
plusieurs espèces migratrices arctiques sont menacées par la capture excessive et l’altération de l’habitat en dehors de
l’Arctique, surtout ceux de la route de migration de l’Est Asiatico-Australasien. AMBI offre un moyen pour l’exécution de la
Recommandation #8 de l’ ABA de « réduire ce qui stressent les espèces migratrices dans toutes leurs zones de distribution,
y compris la dégradation des habitats et la capture excessive dans les zones d’hivernage et de transit et le long des voies de
migration et d’autre routes migratoires».
AMBI organise ses activités selon quatre routes de migration :
► Afrique-Eurasie
► Amérique
► Circumpolaire
► Est Asiatico-Australasie
AMBI a réuni des experts du monde entier pour développer des plans de travail pour chacune de ces routes, afin de répondre
aux besoins de conservation prioritaires des espèces prioritaires d’AMBI dans chaque zone géographique. Les actions
proposées par AMBI sont conçues pour apporter une valeur ajoutée aux programmes de conservation déjà en place, ou pour
répondre aux défis qui sont actuellement sous-représentés.
Alors que chaque plan de travail des différentes voies de migration est conçu pour être indépendant, il y a plusieurs thèmes
transversaux qui sont pertinents pour les quatre voies de migration. À la réunion de mise en application à Rovaniemi
(Finlande), des représentants et experts d’AMBI ont identifié quatre actions transversales que doivent être exécutées dans
toutes les voies de migration, et qui ont son reflétées dans ce plan de travail :
1. Augmenter le partage et sa standardisation des données le long et à travers les voies de migration,
2. Évaluer les effets cumulatifs sur les populations d’oiseaux migrateurs arctiques, y compris le changement
climatique, la pollution, le transport maritime, la pêche, le développement des infrastructures, la perte
d’habitat, et la collecte,
3. Appuyer des actions de conservation des oiseaux migrateurs arctiques dans les pays non-arctiques à travers des
actions collaboratives coordonnées avec des ambassades et d’autres efforts diplomatiques, en incluant l’appui
des actions et des initiatives en cours, et
4. Appuyer le partage d’expériences et d’expertise entre des zones humides qui accueillent des populations
d’oiseaux migrateurs arctiques.
Il faut souligner que, pendant que les plans concernent certains problèmes et se focalisent sur certaines espèces , AMBI est
intéressé par la conservation de tous les oiseaux migrateurs arctiques et que, dans le futur, les espèces et les problèmes
prioritaires peuvent changer selon les besoins pour répondre aux questions de conservation ou de détérioration. En fait, AMBI
pourrait prendre avantage des opportunités inattendues afin de faire avancer des objectives de conservation des oiseaux
arctiques, au cas échéant.
Ce document-ci se base sur le plan de travail 2015-2019 de AMBI (« AMBI Phase 1 »), son évaluation au demi-terme, et la
consultation d’experts subséquente.African Eurasian Flyway
11
Plan de Travail 2019-2023 pour la Voie de Migration
Afrique-Eurasie
Anders Braa, Norwegian Environment Agency
Danny Heptinstall, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, UK
Andrés Barbosa, Spanish National Research Council, Spain
Wilmar Remmelts, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Department of Nature and Biodiversity, The Netherlands
Gerold Lüerßen, Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Germany
David Grémillet, Center of Ecology and Evolutionary Ecology (CEFE/CNRS), France
Nicola Crockford, BirdLife International, UK
Nina Mikander, African Eurasian Waterbird Agreement
Courtney Price, CAFF Secretariat, AMBI Global Coordinator
Sergio Rejado Albaina, AMBI AFEU Coordinator
African-Eurasian Flyway
Introduction
Cette voie de migration est définie par l’AEWA (« African-Eurasian Waterbird Agreement »). Cette voie abrite des oiseaux
arctiques qu’hivernent en Europe occidentale et central, aussi en Afrique occidentale. Elle inclue les routes de migration de
l’Atlantique-Est, Méditerranée-Mer Noire et Asie Occidentale-Afrique Orientale.
Les activités prioritaires ont été sélectionnées où AMBI peut ajouter une valeur significative aux initiatives déjà en place
à travers l’ implication des pays membres et observateurs du Conseil Arctique. Cette valeur peut s’ajouter à travers des
interventions diplomatiques, mobilisation des ressources (par exemple, ceux provenant de l’aide au développement ou des
budgets qui ne seraient pas disponibles pour la conservation des espèces migratrices) et le renforcement des capacités et
échange d’information et expérience dans la voie de migration et entre les différentes routes de migration.
Portée géographique
Sous AMBI, la voie de migration Afrique-Eurasie est définie principalement par la délimitation géographique de l’Accord
sur la conservation des oiseaux d’eau migrateurs d’Afrique-Eurasie (AEWA), qui est un traité environnemental multilatérale
légalement vinculant qu’inclut les routes migratoires de l’Atlantique-Est, Méditerranée-Mer Noire et Asie Occidentale-Afrique
Orientale. Il faut souligner, néanmoins, que la route Afrique-Eurasie comme définie sous AMBI s’étend plus vers l’est que
l’AEWA, et couvre aussi partialement la voie d’Asie Centrale.12
Espèces prioritaires et problèmes de conservation
Espèces
Les espèces prioritaires sélectionnées pour la voie de migration Afrique-Eurasie sont :
1. Barge rousse (Limosa lapponica lapponica et L.l. taimyrensis)
2. Bécasseau minute (Calidris canutus canutus et C.c. islandica)
3. Bécasseau variable (Calidris alpina arctica et C.a. schinzii)
4. Oie naine (Anser erythropus)
5. Harelde boréale (Clangula hyemalis)
6. Macreuse brune (Melanitta fusca)
7. Bécasseau cocorli (Calidris ferruginea)
Ces oiseaux ont été choisis comme espèces clés parce que tous sauf le Bécasseau variable sont menacés mondialement ou
quasi-menacés selon la liste rouge de l’UICN. Les espèces 1-4 étaient déjà dans le Plan de Travail 2015-2019 de l’AMBI (AMBI
Phase 1). Les espèces 5-7 ont été ajoutées pour refléter leur nouvel statut sur la liste Rouge de l’UICN et le plan d’action de
l’AEWA. Le Bécasseau cocorli a été ajouté à cause de son état prioritaire à l’Asie Centrale et à l’Archipel des Bijagós, et parce
qu’il représente des défis clés que les oiseaux migrateurs de la voie de migration Afrique-Eurasie font face.
Richard Chandler Peter Prokosch Imran Shah/Flickr CC 2.0
USFWS
Barge rousse (Limosa lapponica Bécasseau variable (Calidris alpina Bécasseau minute (Calidris ca- Bécasseau cocorli (Calidris
lapponica et L.l. taimyrensis) ) arctica et C.a. schinzii) nutus canutus et C.c. islandica) ferruginea)
Morten Ekker Åsa Berndtsson/Flickr CC 2.0
Morten Ekker
Oie naine (Anser erythropus) Harelde boréale (Clangula hyemalis) Macreuse brune (Melanitta fusca)
Problèmes de conservation
AMBI s’occupe de deux menaces prioritaires mondiales, qui sont également pertinentes dans cette voie de migration :
1. Perte, perturbation et dégradation de l‘habitat : cette menace affecte les zones humides importantes le long de la
voie de migration, en incluant chacune des différentes voies secondaires. Le focus prioritaire pour AMBI est l’Archipel
des Bijagós en Guinée-Bissau, en Afrique Occidentale, car c’est le seul des trois sites importants pour les espèces
prioritaires de limicoles d’AMBI sur cette voie de migration qui n’a le statut de Patrimoine Mondiale de l’Unesco. Les
deux autres sont la Mer des Wadden et le Banc d’Arguin en Mauritanie qui travaillent ensemble dans le cadre de
l’Initiative de la Mer des Wadden(WSFI) sous un mémorandum d’entente. AMBI étends la capacité de la WSFI pour
appuyer la Guinée Bissau dans la re-nomination des Bijagós comme Patrimoine Mondial et, ainsi aider à réduire les
menaces qui viennent de la pêche illégale, l’extraction de pétrole et du gaz, la perturbation de l’habitat, la coupe de
mangroves, le transport maritime, et l’augmentation du niveau de la mer. C’est primordial de prévenir plus de perte
d’habitat, ainsi que promouvoir des actions de restauration.
2. La capture non-durable (incluant les tueries accidentelles et la chasse illégale) des oiseaux migrateurs le long
de la voie de migration : les oiseaux migrateurs arctiques sont capturés le long des voies de migratoires à un rythme
souvent au-dessus des niveaux durables malgré leur protection légale. D’autres espèces dont leur capture est encore
autorisée sont aussi en déclin, telles que l’Havelde boréale et la Macreuse brune qui font face à la capture accidentelle
dans les activités de pêche.African Eurasian Flyway
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Objectifs et actions
Objectif 1 : Améliorer la conservation et gestion des sites importants pour les oiseaux limicoles à travers
la voie de migration Afrique-Eurasie
Action 1 : Protéger l’habitat inter-tidal des oiseaux limicoles arctiques dans l’Archipel de Bijagós, Guinée-Bissau :
a. Appuyer et potentiellement coordonner l’implication internationale pour soutenir le processus de
nomination de l’Archipel de Bijagós comme patrimoine mondial naturel, d’une façon appropriée.
b. Donner un appui technique et améliorer la capacité de l’IBAP et aux autres partenaires nationaux pour le
renforcement de la gestion de la conservation de l’Archipel de Bijagós, à travers sa nomination et désignation
comme site du patrimoine mondiale de l’UNESCO.
Action 2 : Assurer l’identification et documentation des sites clés pour les oiseaux limicoles dans des formats
disponibles comme outil pour la gestion durables des sites.
Objectif 2: Augmenter sur la voie de migration Afrique-Eurasie, la qualité et la quantité des donnés
d’évaluation, des situations des populations d’oiseaux d’eau arctiques.
Action 1 : Appuyer l’exécution du Programme de Suivi de la Biodiversité Circumpolaire (CBMP) et les lignes
directrices de suivi des oiseaux d’eau de l’AEWA par rapport aux oiseaux d’eau arctiques pour lesquels des
données optimales sont encore manquantes, en coopération avec le Partenariat pour le Suivi des Oiseaux
d’eau de l’Afrique-Eurasie (AEWMP) et l’Initiative de la Voie de Migration de la Mer des Wadden (WSFI) en
fournissant de l’appui technique et/ou financier.
Action 2 : Appuyer l’amélioration de la délimitation des populations de limicoles arctiques en collectant des
données de la migration (pistage, géolocalisation, données de baguage, etc.) et en les présentant dans
l’outil CSN afin d’améliorer les données de délimitation des voies de migration.
Objectif 3: Développement et dissémination des matériaux informatives et éducationnelles sur des sujets
prioritaires
Action 1 : Appuyer le développement des produits de communication (en collaboration avec des partenaires sur
la voie de migration) présentant la connectivité migratoire, des lacunes de connaissance, et des menaces
sur de la voie de migration Afrique-Eurasie.
Objectif 4: Réduire la capture accidentelle des canards marins dans la Mer Baltique.
Action 1 : Appuyer l’exécution des Plans d’Action Internationaux de l’AEWA pour la Harelde boréale et la Macreuse
brune par rapport aux activités identifiées concernant la capture accidentelle sous les auspices du Group
International de Travaille pour les Canards Marins Européens.
Objectif 5: Appuyer des mesures de prévention de la chasse illégale à travers le Group International de
Travail de l’AEWA (IWG) pour l’Oie naine (LWfG).
Action 1 : Assister le Groupe International de Travail avec la traduction et dissémination des matériaux éducatifs et
informatifs dans les zones clés pour les espèces russes de l’Arctique dans les communautés indigènes et
locales.
Action 2 : Appuyer le Secrétariat de l’AEWA/PNUE dans l’implication des pays de la zone de juridiction de l’AEWA
au niveau diplomatique à travers les ambassades des pays membres et observateurs du Conseil de
l’Arctique.14
Iniciativa para as Aves Migratórias Árticas (AMBI)
Introdução e contexto
A Iniciativa para as Aves Migratórias Árticas (“Arctic Migratory Bird Initiative”, doravante “AMBI”) é um projeto da CAFF
(“Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna”), o grupo de trabalho sobre biodiversidade do Conselho Ártico. A AMBI foi concebida
com o objetivo de melhorar o estado de conservação e a sustentabilidade ao longo prazo das populações em diminuição
das aves migratórias nidificantes no Ártico (o, simplesmente, aves migratórias árticas). A través da conservação deste recurso
natural e cultural compartilhado, AMBI terá um impacto positivo nas sociedades para as quais as aves migratórias são uma
fonte de inspiração e meio de subsistência.
Em 2013, a Avaliação da Biodiversidade Ártica (“Arctic Biodiversity Assessment”, doravante “ABA”) descobriu que muitas
espécies migratórias árticas estão ameaçadas pela sua captura excessiva e a alteração do seu habitat fora do Ártico, e
especialmente as aves na rota migratória da Asia Oriental-Australásia. AMBI oferece uma via de implementação para a
Recomendação #8 do ABA: “reduzir os fatores de stress das espécies migratórias árticas na totalidade das suas áreas de
distribuição, incluindo degradação dos habitats e a captura excessiva nas áreas de invernada e passo ao longo das rotas
migratórias e doutras vias de migração”.
AMBI organiza as suas atividades em quatro rotas migratórias:
► Afro-eurasiática
► Américas
► Circumpolar
► Asia Oriental-Australásia
AMBI reuniu especialistas mundiais para o desenvolvimento de planos de trabalho para cada uma destas rotas que tratam
das questões de conservação das espécies prioritárias da AMBI em cada geografia respetiva. As ações propostas por AMBI
são concebidas para trazerem valor adiado a programas de conservação já operativos, ou para atuar sobre desafios de
conservação atualmente infra-representados.
Embora cada um destes planos de trabalho é concebido para ser independente, há vários temas transversais que são
relevantes para as quatro rotas migratórias. Numa reunião de implementação em Rovaniemi, (Finlândia) representantes
e especialistas da AMBI identificaram quatro ações transversais que precisam de serem implementadas nas quatro rotas
migratórias, e que estão refletidas neste plano de trabalho:
1. Aumentar o compartilhamento de dados e a sua estandardização ao longo de e entre as rotas migratórias,
2. Avaliar os efeitos acumulativos nas aves migratórias árticas, incluindo mudanças climáticas, contaminação,
transporte marítimo, pescas, desenvolvimento de infraestruturas, perca de habitat, e caça,
3. Apoiar ações de conservação das aves migratórias árticas em países não-árticos a través de esforços
cooperativos com embaixadas e outros esforços diplomáticos, incluindo o apoio a iniciativas já existentes, e
4. Apoiar o compartilhamento de experiências e conhecimentos entre zonas húmidas que albergam populações
de aves migratórias árticas.
É importante enfatizar que, embora os planos de trabalho enfoquem-se em questões e espécies prioritárias, AMBI está
interessada em todas as espécies migratórias árticas e que, no futuro, os desafios e espécies prioritários podem mudar
segundo as preocupações em mudança o empioramento. De fato, AMBI pode se aproveitar de oportunidades inesperadas
para avançar os objetivos de conservação ornitológica ártica, segundo as oportunidades que puderem acontecer.
Este documento é uma continuação do plano de trabalho da AMBI 2015-2019 (“AMBI Phase 1”), sua avaliação a meio-termo, e
a subsequente consulta de especialistas.African Eurasian Flyway
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Plano de Trabalho 2019-2023 para a Rota Migratória
Afro-Eurasiática
Anders Braa, Norwegian Environment Agency
Danny Heptinstall, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, UK
Andrés Barbosa, Spanish National Research Council, Spain
Wilmar Remmelts, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Department of Nature and Biodiversity, The Netherlands
Gerold Lüerßen, Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Germany
David Grémillet, Center of Ecology and Evolutionary Ecology (CEFE/CNRS), France
Nicola Crockford, BirdLife International, UK
Nina Mikander, African Eurasian Waterbird Agreement
Courtney Price, CAFF Secretariat, AMBI Global Coordinator
Sergio Rejado Albaina, AMBI AFEU Coordinator
African-Eurasian Flyway
Introdução
Esta rota migratória é definida segundo o AEWA (“African-Eurasian Waterbird Agreement”). Esta rota alberga as aves
migratórias árticas que invernam na Europa ocidental e central e no Oeste da África. Inclui as rotas migratórias do Atlântico
Leste, Mar Negro-Mediterrâneo e Asia Ocidental-África Oriental.
As atividades prioritárias foram selecionadas para AMBI aportar valor adicional a iniciativas já existentes a través do
envolvimento dos países membros e observadores do Conselho Ártico. Este valor pode ser obtido a través de intervenções
diplomáticas, mobilização de recursos (por exemplo, de fundos para ajuda ao desenvolvimento ou orçamentos árticos que
doutra maneira não seriam acessíveis para atividades de conservação de aves migratórias), fortalecimento de capacidades e
compartilhamento de informação e experiência dentro das rotas migratórias e entre eles.
Delimitação geográfica
Na AMBI, a rota migratória afro-eurasiática é definida maiormente pela delimitação geográfica de AEWA, que é um tratado
ambiental multilateral vinculante que abarca as rotas do Atlântico Leste, Mar Negro-Mediterrâneo e Asia Ocidental-África
Oriental. Contudo, a rota afro-eurasiática segundo a definição da AMBI abarca mais longe para o Leste que o AEWA, incluindo
também parcialmente a rota da Asia Central.16
Espécies prioritárias e questões de conservação
Espécies
As espécies prioritárias na rota migratória afro-eurasiático são:
1. Fuselo (Limosa lapponica lapponica e L.l. taimyrensis)
2. Maçarico-de-papo-vermelho / Sexoeira (Calidris canutus canutus e C.c. islandica)
3. Pilrito-comum / Pilrito-de-pico-preto (Calidris alpina arctica e C.a. schinzii)
4. Ganso-pequeno-de-testa-branca (Anser erythropus)
5. Pato-rabilongo (Clangula hyemalis)
6. Pato-fusco (Melanitta fusca)
7. Pilrito-de-bico-comprido (Calidris ferruginea)
Estas aves foram escolhidas como especes prioritárias porque todas exceto o pilrito-comum/pilrito-de-pico-preto estão
inscritas na Lista Vermelha da IUCN. As espécies 1-4 foram já incluídas no Plano de Trabalho 2015-2019 da AMBI (AMBI Phase
1). As espécies 5-7 foram incluídas para refletir o empioramento do seu status na Lista Vermelha da IUCN e o Plano de Ação
do AEWA. O pilrito-de-bico-comprido foi adicionado para refletir a sua prioridade na rota migratória da Asia Central em no
Arquipélago dos Bijagós, e porque representa os desafios-chave que afetam as aves migratórias árticas na rota migratória
afro-eurasiática.
Richard Chandler Peter Prokosch Imran Shah/Flickr CC 2.0
USFWS
Fuselo (Limosa lapponica lapponica e Pilrito-comum / Pilrito-de-pi- Maçarico-de-papo-vermelho Pilrito-de-bico-comprido
L.l. taimyrensis co-preto (Calidris alpina arctica e / Sexoeira (Calidris canutus (Calidris ferruginea)
C.a. schinzii) canutus e C.c. islandica)
Morten Ekker Åsa Berndtsson/Flickr CC 2.0
Morten Ekker
Ganso-pequeno-de-testa-branca Pato-rabilongo (Clangula hyemalis) Pato-fusco (Melanitta fusca)
(Anser erythropus)
Questões de conservação
AMBI trata duas ameaças mundiais principais, que são igualmente relevantes nesta rota migratória:
1. Perca, perturbação, e degradação do habitat: esta ameaça afeta a importantes zonas húmidas na rota migratória,
incluindo cada diferente rota secundária. O principal ponto de atenção da AMBI está no Arquipélago dos Bijagós
na Guiné-Bissau, na África Ocidental. É a única das três zonas húmidas mais importantes para as espécies limícolas
prioritárias da AMBI na rota do Atlântico Leste que ainda não foi denominada como Patrimônio Mundial. As outras
são o Mar de Wadden e o Banco de Arguin, que trabalham juntos baixo um memorandum de entendimento no marco
da WSFI (“Wadden Sea Flyway Initiative”). AMBI acrescenta a capacidade da WSFI para apoiar à Guiné-Bissau com a
renomeação do lugar como Patrimônio Mundial e, em consequência, para atuar sobre as ameaças das pescas ilegais, a
exploração de petróleo e gás, a perturbação do habitat, a perca de mangais, o transporte marítimo e o aumento do nível
do mar. É urgente prevenir uma maior perca de habitat, e promover ações de restauração.
2. Captura excessiva (incluindo a morte acidental e a caça ilegal) ao longo da rota migratória: as aves migratórias árticas
experimentam mortalidades bem por acima nos níveis sustentáveis ao longo das rotas migratórias, a pesar da sua
proteção legal. Outras espécies para as quais a sua captura é ainda legal estão também em diminuição, como o Pato-
rabilongo e o Pato-fusco, pela sua captura acidental em artes de pesca.African Eurasian Flyway
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Objetivos e ações
Objetivo 1: Melhorar la conservação e gestão dos lugares de importância para as aves limícolas ao longo
da rota migratória afro-eurasiática.
Ação 1: Proteger os habitats inter-marés das aves limícolas árticas no Arquipélago dos Bijagós, Guiné-Bissau:
a. Promover e potencialmente coordenar o envolvimento internacional de apoio à nominação do Arquipélago
dos Bijagós como património mundial da UNESCO, segundo o que for apropriado.
b. Provisão de apoio técnico e de reforço das capacidades ao IBAP e os outros parceiros nacionais para o
fortalecimento da gestão e da conservação do Arquipélago dos Bijagós, incluindo a través da nominação e
designação do sítio como património mundial da UNESCO.
Ação 2: Assegurar a identificação e documentação de sítios de importância para as aves limícolas dentro dos
formatos disponíveis como ferramenta para a gestão durável de sítios.
Objetivo 2: Aumentar a qualidade e a quantidade da informação de estado das populações das aves
aquáticas árticas ao longo da rota migratória afro-eurasiática.
Ação 1: Apoiar a implementação do Programa de Monitoramento da Biodiversidade Circumpolar (CBMP) e as
Guias para o Monitoramento de Aves Aquáticas atualizadas do AEWA em relação às aves migratórias
árticas para as quais carece-se de dados adequados, a través da cooperação com a Parceria para o
Monitoramento das Aves Aquáticas Afro-Europeias (AEWMP) e a Iniciativa Da Rota Migratória do Mar de
Wadden (WSFI) provindo apoio financeiro e/o técnico.
Ação 2: Apoiar à melhora na delineação das populações das aves limícolas árticas introduzindo e presentando
dados migratórios (seguimento, marcação, geolocação, etc.) na ferramenta CSN para melhorar os dados
de delineação da rota migratória.
Objetivo 3: Desenvolvimento e disseminação de materiais informativos e educativos que tratem temas
prioritários.
Ação 1: Apoiar o desenvolvimento de produtos de comunicação (em colaboração com parceiros da rota
migratório) que mostrem a conetividade migratória, faltas de conhecimento, e ameaças na rota
migratória afro-eurasiática.
Objetivo 4: Reduzir a captura acidental de patos marinhos no Mar Báltico.
Ação 1: Apoiar a implementação dos Planos de Ação do AEWA para o Pato-rabilongo e o Pato-fusco em relação às
atividades identificadas concernindo a captura acidental no marco do Grupo de Trabalho Internacional
para Patos Marinhos Europeus da AEWA.
Objetivo 5: Apoiar medidas baixo o Grupo do Trabalho Internacional do AEWA para o Ganso-pequeno-
de-testa-branca para prevenir a caça ilegal.
Ação 1: Assistir o Grupo de Trabalho Internacional com a tradução e disseminação de materiais educativos e
informativos nas regiões de importância no Ártico russo entre as comunidades locais e indígenas.
Ação 2: Apoiar o Secretariado do AEWA no envolvimento dos países de distribuição chave no nível diplomático a
través das embaixadas dos países membros e observadores do Conselho Ártico.You can also read
