BENIGNO S. AQUINO III - PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES COMMEMORATIVE PROGRAM FOR THE 111TH FOUNDATION DAY OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM WITH HIS EXCELLENCY ...
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COMMEMORATIVE PROGRAM FOR THE 111 TH FOUNDATION DAY OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM WITH HIS EXCELLENCY BENIGNO S. AQUINO III PRE SI DE NT O F TH E PHI LI PP IN ES AS GUEST OF HONOR OCTOBER 29, 2012 SENATE SESSION HALL OLD LEGISLATIVE BUILDING NATIONAL MUSEUM
“The National Museum shall be a permanent institution in the service of the community and its development, accessible to the public, and not intended for profit. It shall obtain, keep, study and present material evidence of man and his environment…” The National Museum Act of 1998
PROGRAM National Anthem UST College of Science Glee Club Invocation Hon. Rene Pio S. Javellana SJ Trustee, National Museum Welcome Remarks Hon. Ramon R. del Rosario, Jr. Chairman of the Board of Trustees, National Museum Overview of the History of the National Museum and the Restoration of the Senate Session Hall Hon. Jeremy R. Barns Director, National Museum Ceremonial Turnover and Acceptance of the GSIS Art Collection Introduction of the Guest of Honor Hon. Armin B. Luistro FSC Secretary of Education Speech of the Guest of Honor H. E. Benigno S. Aquino III President of the Philippines Photo Opportunity with the President
ABOUT THE NATIONAL MUSEUM The National Museum, a Trust of the Government, is an educational, scientic and cultural institution that acquires, documents, preserves, exhibits, and fosters scholarly study and public appreciation of works of art, specimens, and cultural and historical artifacts representative of our unique to the cultural heritage of the Filipino people and the natural history of the Philippines. It is mandated to establish, manage and develop museums comprising the National Museum Complex and the National Planetarium in Manila, as well as regional museums in key locations around the country. Currently, the National Museum national network comprise nineteen regional, branch and site museums throughout the archipelago. 2
The National Museum manages and develops the national reference collections in the areas of cultural heritage (ne arts, anthropology and archaeology) and natural history (botany, zoology, and geology and paleontology), and carries out permanent research programs in biodiversity, geological history, human origins, pre-historical and historical archaeology, maritime and underwater cultural heritage, ethnology, art history, and moveable and immoveable cultural properties. Appreciation of the collections and research ndings of the Museum, as well as technical and museological skills and knowledge, are disseminated through exhibitions, publications, educational, training, outreach, technical assistance and other public programs. The National Museum also implements and serves as a regulatory and enforcement agency of the Government with respect to a series of cultural laws, and is responsible for various culturally signicant properties, sites and reservations throughout the country. It is the lead agency in the ofcial commemoration of Museums and Galleries Month, which is the month of October, every year. 3
A BRIEF HISTORY The National Museum of the Philippines can trace its history to the establishment of the Museo-Biblioteca de Filipinas, established by a royal order of the Spanish government on August 12, 1887. It opened on October 24, 1891 at the Casa de la Moneda on Calle Cabildo in Intramuros, then home of the Philippine Mint, later moving to Calle Gunao in Quiapo. The Museo-Biblioteca was abolished in 1900 at the onset of the American occupation of the Philippines, and what is considered the direct precursor of the National Museum, the Insular Museum of Ethnology, Natural History and Commerce, was soon afterwards established under the Department of Public Instruction by the Philippine Commission on October 29, 1901. One of the reasons for the creation of the Insular Museum was to complement the Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes, and it was subsequently integrated with the Bureau of Ethnological Survey under the Department of the Interior. In 1904, after the Louisiana Purchase Centennial Exposition at St. Louis, Missouri, the name of the Museum was changed to the Philippine Museum. At the same time, the Bureau of Ethnological Survey became the Division of Ethnology under the Department of Public Instruction in 1905 and then under the Bureau of Science, which housed considerable natural history collections, in 1906. A decade later, in 1916, the Fine Arts Division of the Philippine Museum was merged with the Philippine Library (precursor of the National Library and National Archives) to create the Philippine Library 4
and Museum under the Department of Justice. The Natural History Division and Division of Ethnology were maintained in the Bureau of Science. In 1928, the National Museum of the Philippine Islands was created and placed under the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, and housed in a building in the Port Area adjacent to the Manila Hotel. The National Library was also established as a separate institution. The Museum consisted of the Ethnology Division and the Division of History and Fine Arts (the Division of Natural Science was not included in the organization). However, this was reversed in 1933, when the Division of Fine Arts was transferred to the National Library, and the Division of Ethnology and the Division of Anthropology, which included archaeology, ethnography and physical anthropology, were combined with the sections of natural history of the Bureau of Science and organized into the National Museum Division of the Bureau of Science. In 1939, the National Museum Division was renamed the Natural History Museum Division of the Bureau of Science under the Ofce of the Secretary of Agriculture and Commerce. During the Battle of Manila in February 1945, virtually the entire national collections were destroyed when the Legislative Building, where most items were placed for safekeeping, as well as the Bureau of Science building, were reduced to ruins. After the war, the Natural History Museum Division in 1945 was reunited with the National Library’s Fine Arts Division to become the National Museum – its 5
nal change of name – under the Ofce of the Executive Secretary. In 1951, the National Museum was placed under the Department of Education. Regulatory functions were added to the National Museum, starting in 1966 with the passage of Republic Act No. 4846, which provided for the protection and preservation of Philippine cultural properties, and continuing through the 1970s, including management of important cultural sites around the country. In addition, the National Planetarium in Rizal Park was established under the National Museum in 1975. During this time, the National Museum was housed in one oor of the Legislative Building, as well as in a government building in Ermita, Manila. The establishment of the National Historical Institute in 1972 led to the transfer of diverse historical collections from the National Museum. In 1996, President Fidel V. Ramos established a presidential committee to oversee the creation of a National Museum complex. Earlier in 1994, he had instructed the Secretaries of Finance and Tourism to prepare for the eventual transfer of their neo-classical buildings in Rizal Park to the National Museum, and in 1995, the Finance Building was turned over. The Department of Tourism was scheduled to transfer custody of the Tourism building by the end of 1997, but this initiative was delayed. In a historic move, the Senate of the Philippines also vacated its chambers in the Executive House to allow for the landmark building to be incorporated into the National Museum precinct. 6
On February 12, 1998, Republic Act No. 8492, The National Museum Act of 1998, was approved as the new charter of the National Museum that reestablished the institution as an autonomous government trust instrumentality under a Board of Trustees, and which designated the President of the Philippines as the Honorary Chairman and Patron of the National Museum. Later that year, the rst stage of the National Museum complex was realized with the formal inauguration of the Museum of the Filipino People in the converted Old Finance Building, a key part of ofcial commemoration of the centennial of Philippine independence that culminated on June 12, 1998. Under the administration of President Benigno S. Aquino III, the vision for the National Museum complex in Manila as formulated in the 1990s was revived, with the turnover of the Tourism Building that will allow for the establishment of the permanent home of the national natural history collections, in line with the housing of the national anthropological and archaeological collections in the Old Finance Building and the national ne arts collections in the Old Legislative Building. Together these collections all encompass a signicant and considerable part of the national patrimony that the National Museum preserves in perpetual trust for the Filipino people. 7
THE OLD LEGISLATIVE BUILDING This historic building was rst designed by Bureau of Public Works Consulting Architect Ralph Harrington Doane as the Philippine Library in line with the Burnham Plan for Manila. When the Capitol Building envisioned in the same urban plan was abandoned and the Library site chosen instead to house the Philippine Legislature, Doane’s plans were substantially modied by Juan Arellano for this new purpose. On July 16, 1926, the impressive structure, dominating the approaches from both the Luneta and Plaza Lawton along Padre Burgos Avenue, was inaugurated during the opening of the second session of the Seventh Philippine Legislature. In the presence of Governor-General Leonard Wood, Senate President Manuel L. Quezon, House Speaker Manuel Roxas, all the legislators and the cream of Manila society and ofcialdom, the envoy of President Calvin Coolidge of the United States, Colonel Carmi A. Thompson, observed that “You have this day consecrated a new home for your deliberations, and your friends across the sea will point with pride to this structure as an index of your material progress.” Indeed, the pro-Independence lobby in Washington, D.C. would refer to the Legislative Building as having been “designed by Filipino brains and built by Filipino hands” – a sure sign of the readiness of the Filipinos for self-government and independence. The grandest of all public buildings built under the American occupation, with perhaps the exception of the Post Ofce 8
Building – also by Arellano and inaugurated in the same year – the mighty edice was pummeled by heavy artillery in February, 1945. It was rebuilt by the U.S. Philippine War Damage Corporation to the same dimensions, though with far less exterior and interior ornamentation than the original, renamed “Congress – Republic of the Philippines” and made ready for use again in 1949. Closed down with the abolition of Congress after Martial Law was proclaimed in 1972, the building was re-inscribed with the name “Executive House” and given over to various government ofces, such as the Ofce of the Prime Minister on the fourth oor, the Tanodbayan or Ombudsman on the third oor, the National Museum on the second oor, and the Sandiganbayan on the ground oor. The Senate Session Hall remained closed and the old House Session Hall converted as the main art gallery of the Museum, featuring Juan Luna’s Spoliarium which 9
was moved from the Department of Foreign Affairs at Padre Faura (today the Supreme Court). After the EDSA People Power Revolution in 1986, the mixed use of the building continued – with the addition of the restored Senate after 1987. The Ofce of the Vice President took over the Prime Minister’s Ofce. This state of affairs continued for the next decade, until the various agencies were relocated to other premises which in time left the National Museum as the sole occupant of the building, a status conrmed by the passage into law of the “National Museum Act of 1998” (Republic Act No. 8492) that appropriated the building – together with the adjacent buildings of the Department of Finance and the Department of Tourism – for the museum as its exclusive home for purposes of establishing the National Museum Complex to appropriately house the nation’s patrimony. In the Museum’s master plan, the Old Legislative Building was designated as the home for the ne arts galleries, and eventually a National Museum of Art – a purpose that is being steadily realized. In 2010, the Old Legislative Building was declared a National Historical Landmark by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines. 10
THE OLD SENATE SESSION HALL The Old Session Hall of the Senate of the Philippines is a chamber like no other in the country. Soaring three stories to the top of the Old Legislative Building, the hall was clearly intended to be nothing less than a secular cathedral – a temple of wisdom for enlightened debate and the making of laws. During the early 1920s in the American colonial period, when the architect Juan Arellano was revising the plans of Ralph Harrington Doane in order to convert the building from the museum and library it was originally designed to be the seat of the legislature, the Senate was led by Manuel L. Quezon, the leader of the movement for Philippine independence from the United States. It is highly probable that Senate President Quezon exercised much inuence over the design of the chamber where he would preside over the bodythat he himself had helped establish in 1916. With his strong personal aesthetic, well-known taste for grandeur, and deep belief in the need to promote condence and respect by the Americans in the nascent all-Filipino institutions, it is easy to picture Quezon working with Arellano on the dimensions and decoration of the Session Hall. Whatever the case, the result was breathtaking with the combination of the lofty space with its mezzanine galleries for the public and the dizzying range of precast ornamentation crowned by a magnicent hardwood ceiling. 11
The most impressive features of the hall, taking full advantage of the architectural space, are undoubtedly the series of Corinthian columns and pilasters, the main wall above the rostrum with its fretwork and garlands, and most of all, the sculptural groupings surrounding the top of the hall. This ornamentation and all other decoration in the Hall was the work of the most celebrated Filipino sculptor of the time, Isabelo Tampinco – a contemporary of Juan Luna and Jose Rizal – and his sons Angel and Vidal. Tampinco gave full rein to his deep knowledge of classical sculpture, as well as to his personal artistic mission of Filipinizing many of the traditionally Western elements and motifs of the neoclassical style. The result, an entablature of great lawmakers and moralists through history and allegorical groupings, was and remains to this day an outstanding and unique achievement in Philippine art. The standing gures of the entablature represent great lawmakers and moralists of history ranging from antiquity and Biblical times to the twentieth century, and include Kalantiaw and Apolinario Mabini on the East (Main) Wall; Pope Leo XIII and Woodrow Wilson on the West (Rear Wall); Moses, Hammurabi, Rameses the Great, Li Si, Augustus and William Blackstone on the North (Right) Wall; and Solon, Averroes, Justinian, Manu, Charlemagne and Hugo Grotius on the South (Left) Wall. Surrounding the cartouches on all four walls are allegorical groupings representing sovereignty, progress, arts and culture, industry, trade, farming, education, and so on. 14
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Presided over by Senate President Quezon, the Senate in this hall served as a primary forum for the promotion of Philippine independence, which culminated in the acceptance of the Tydings-McDufe Law in 1934 that provided for a constitution, a transitory autonomous Commonwealth, and full independence in 1946. Here the last American Governor-General, Frank Murphy, gave his nal address to the legislature, on the day before the Commonwealth of the Philippines, and Manuel L. Quezon as its President, were proclaimed and inaugurated on the front steps of the building. During the Commonwealth, when the legislature became a unicameral National Assembly, the sessions alternated between here and the old House Session Hall below, before settling in the upper chamber. In the years of the Japanese Occupation, the Senate Session Hall was the seat of the National Assembly under Speaker Benigno S. Aquino, Sr., and the venue for many historic addresses to the country by President Jose P. Laurel. When the Battle of Manila was fought in February, 1945, the imperial Japanese forces used the Legislative Building to make one of their last stands in the city in the face of the American assault. After pummeling by heavy artillery, most of the building lay in complete ruin. The central core of the building, including the Session Hall, however, survived basically intact, although burned out and heavily damaged. 16
When the building was rebuilt in 1949, the Session Hall was repaired according to the original designs, but at some point, plans were changed and the hall was segmented vertically into two parts through the addition of a wooden oor laid across at the level of the top of the balustrades of the mezzanine galleries. The ornamentation of the main wall was segmented and truncated. Over time, more interventions took place, obscuring further the sense of the architectural space. Nonetheless, the hall continued to serve the Philippine Senate between 1949 and the declaration of Martial Law in 1972, and after the restoration of democracy, from 1987 until 1996, when the Senate transferred to the GSIS Building in Pasay City. The hall, together with the entire building, was subsequently entrusted to the National Museum, together with the mandate, enshrined in its 1998 charter, to “preserve the Senate Session Hall as a tribute to the legacy of the great men and women of the Philippine Senate for their invaluable contributions to the Filipino people, and as a relic where democracy and freedom reigned and events of national signicance transpired.” In 2010, the National Museum embarked on a full scale restoration of the Session Hall, with the objective of returning it to its original dimensions and grandeur, celebrating its unique importance as a monument of architecture and art, and reestablishing important historical associations, above all the pre-war period that was dened by the peaceful movement for national independence. 17
THE FINE ARTS GALLERIES A considerable number of public exhibition galleries featuring selections from the national ne arts collection, part of the ongoing work of the National Museum to improve its public facilities, have been prepared for special viewing this evening. • The Old House of Representatives Session Hall This historic hall, also the site of the 1934 Constitutional Convention chaired by Claro M. Recto and many other signicant events, houses the most legendary and important of all Philippine paintings, Spoliarium by Juan Luna (Rome, 1884; the Gift of the Spain to the Philippines), together with the largest work of his friend, Félix Resurrección Hidalgo, La Tragedia de Gobernador Bustamante (the Gift of Leandro and Cecilia Locsin). Both works are declared National Cultural Treasures. • South Wing – House Floor o Gallery I (Luis I. Ablaza Hall) – Colonial Philippine religious art of the 17th to the 19th centuries, prominent among which is a retablo from the Church of San Nicolás de Tolentino in Dimiao, Bohol – a National Cultural Treasure – together with a selection of carved religious images (santos), reliefs and paintings. 18
o Gallery II (FCCP Hall) – The earliest Philippine paintings depicting a historical political event, the Basi Revolt series by Esteban Villanueva of Vigan (on permanent loan from the Ilocus Sur Historical and Cultural Foundation). Painted in 1821, fourteen paintings, together declared as a National Cultural Treasure, depict in naïve and vivid style the famous 1807 uprising in Ilocos against colonial rule that culminated in a bloody defeat at the Bantaoay River in modern-day San Ildefonso, Ilocos Sur. o Gallery III – Philippine art of the academic and romantic period, specifically of the last three decades of the 19th century, featuring especially the Museum’s considerable holdings of the work of Juan Luna and key contemporaries. Highlights include works by Lorenzo Guerrero, Gaston O’Farrell, and National Cultural Treasures such as Feeding the Chickens, one of the earliest known Philippine genre paintings, by Simon Flores, the famous Una Bulaqueña by Juan Luna, and almost a hundred works by Luna that formed part of the historic donation of the Grace Luna de San Pedro Collection by the Far East Bank and Trust Company in the early 1990s. o Gallery IV (Fundación Santiago Hall) – Continuing the theme and late 19th century period of the previous gallery, works by Félix Resurrección Hidalgo are featured together with sculptures by their greatest contemporary in this eld, Isabelo Tampinco (key works of which are the Gift of Ernesto and Araceli Salas). 19
o Gallery V – Works by the polymath and National Hero, Dr. José P. Rizal, including four original sculptures and one ne drawing from his 1886 sojourn in Berlin (the Gift of Aurora Ortega-Carlos in memory of Pablo C. Carlos). Included is Rizal’s work Mother’s Revenge, a declared National Cultural Treasure, as well as several portrait busts and paintings of Rizal by eminent Filipino artists, including Isabelo Tampinco, Graciano Nepomuceno, Guillermo Tolentino and Martino Abellana from the early 20th century until the 1950s. o Gallery VI – The late contemporaries and artistic successors of Luna and Hidalgo who were active in the late Spanish colonial period and on into the American occupation and before the Second World War, including Fabian de la Rosa, Jorge Pineda, Irineo Miranda, Fernando Amorsolo, and numerous other masters who shaped Philippine art before and contemporaneous to the advent of Modernism in the country. • North Wing – House Floor o Gallery VIII (Silvina and Juan C. Laya Hall) – Paintings and sculpture depicting the era of the War, specically the Imperial Japanese Occupation (1941-1945), the Liberation of the Philippines by American and Filipino forces, and the destruction of Manila. 20
o Gallery IX – The works of the great modernists of Philippine Art, featuring important works by Victorio Edades, Diosdado Lorenzo, Vicente Manansala, Carlos V. Francisco, Hernando R. Ocampo, Cesar Legaspi, Manuel Rodriguez, Ang Kiukok, José Joya and many others. o Gallery X (Museum Foundation of the Philippines Hall) – A special gallery dedicated to The Progress of Medicine in the Philippines, a set of four large paintings by Carlos V. Francisco specially commissioned for the entrance hall of the Philippine General Hospital in 1953. Declared a National Cultural Treasure, these extraordinary works were placed on indenite loan to the National Museum by the University of the Philippines to secure their preservation for future generations. • South Wing – Senate Floor o Gallery XIII (Vicente and Carmen Fabella Hall) – A temporary exhibition, mounted in honor of the visit of Her Majesty Queen Sofía of Spain to the National Museum in July 2012, featuring a facsimile set of fty remarkable botanical illustrations commissioned between 1786 and 1797 from Filipino draughtsman- artists by the Spaniard and Royal Botanist Juan de Cuéllar. The facsimile illustrations were the gift to the Filipino people of His Majesty King Juan Carlos of Spain in 1996. 21
• GSIS Wing (North Wing) – Senate Floor o Gallery XIX, Gallery XXI and Gallery XXII – Featuring works of art from the collection of the Government Service Insurance System, notable among which is Parisian Life by Juan Luna and a large number of works by National Artists including Vicente Manansala, Hernando R, Ocampo, Carlos V. Francisco and Federico Alcuaz. o Gallery XXIII and Gallery XXIV (Queen Sofía Hall) – The permanent textile galleries of the National Museum, Hibla ng Lahing Filipino: The Art of Philippine Traditional Textiles, made possible with the strong support of Senator Loren Legarda, featuring the textile collection of the National Museum. 22
A NOTE ON THE GSIS COLLECTION In early 2012 the National Museum and the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) arrived at a landmark agreement for the transfer by means of long-term loan of the GSIS Collection and its custodianship and management by the National Museum. This was publicly announced by President Benigno S. Aquino III on the occasion of the 75 th anniversary of the GSIS on May 28, 2012, paving the way for significant portions of the GSIS Collection to be incorporated into the National Art Gallery. Out of gratitude for the strong support of the GSIS, the National Museum proposed the naming of a GSIS Wing to be composed of several newly-refurbished galleries in the north part of the Senate Floor of the Old Legislative Building in order to highlight this unprecedented and pioneering partnership between agencies of government, and to serve as a model for future partnerships with other government agencies that will enhance the promotion of arts, culture and heritage to the Filipino people and their friends from all around the world.
NATIONAL MUSEUM DIRECTORY Honorary Chairman and Patron H.E. Benigno S. Aquino III President of the Philippines Chairman Mr. Ramon R. del Rosario, Jr. Trustees Ms. Marinela K. Fabella Fr. Rene B. Javellana SJ Ms. Maria Isabel G. Ongpin Ms. Felice P. Sta. Maria Dr. Benito S. Vergara Archt. Augusto F. Villalon Mr. Fernando Zobel de Ayala Ex-Ofcio Trustees Sen. Edgardo J. Angara Rep. Rosenda Ann M. Ocampo Prof. Felipe M. De Leon, Jr. Mr. Jeremy R. Barns 26
Director Mr. Jeremy R. Barns Assistant Directors Dr. Ana P. Labrador Mr. Angel P. Bautista (Acting) Heads of Divisions Mr. Dionisio O. Pangilinan (Administration) Mr. Artemio Barbosa (Anthopology) Mr. Wilfredo Ronquillo (Archaeology) Archt. Ireneo Ramiro (Arts) Dr. Wilfredo Vendivil (Botany) Mr. Virgilio Palpal-latoc (Zoology) Mr. Roberto de Ocampo (Geology) Mr. Roberto Balarbar (Conservation Laboratory–Acting) Ms. Belen Pabunan (Planetarium) Ms. Elenita Alba (Museum Education) Mr. Angel Bautista (Cultural Properties) Archt. Arnulfo Dado (Restoration and Engineering) Ms. Angelita Fucanan (Sites and Branch Museums) 27
THE NATIONAL MUSEUM NETWORK NATIONAL MUSEUM COMPLEX Rizal Park, Manila Central Ofces (Old Legislative Building) National Art Gallery (Old Legislative Building) Museum of the Filipino People (Old Finance Building) Museum of Natural History (Tourism Building - projected) National Planetarium (Rizal Park) REGIONAL MUSEUMS AND BRANCHES Bolinao Branch Museum (Pangasinan) Vigan and Magsingal Branch Museums (Ilocos Sur) Batanes National Museum (Batanes) Kabayan Burial Caves National Museum (Benguet) Kiangan Branch Museum (Ifugao) Angono-Binangonan Petroglyphs National Museum (Rizal) Boac Branch Museum (Marinduque) Tabon Caves National Museum (Palawan) Tabaco Branch Museum (Albay) Cebu Branch Museum (Cebu City) Tagbilaran Branch Museum (Bohol) Butuan National Museum (Butuan City) Zamboanga National Museum (Zamboanga City) Jolo Branch Museum (Sulu) 28
SUPPORTING YOUR NATIONAL MUSEUM The National Museum of the Philippines, as a government trust, represents an active partnership between the public and private sectors, for the benet of the Filipino people, now and for all generations to come. Given the wide range of the National Museum’s activities and responsibilities, there are numerous ways in which interested parties can extend support and contribute to this valuable and unique partnership, including the Museum’s endowment and trust funds, collections, research and public programs and services, infrastructure and facilities improvement program, and general operations – both in Manila and throughout the country. Any interest in being a benefactor and supporter of the National Museum and its mission is greatly welcomed and appreciated. Together, we can build and sustain the National Museum our people and our heritage truly deserve – a world-class institution of which we can all together be immensely proud. 29
National Museum of the Philippines Old Legislative Building Padre Burgos Avenue, Manila 1000
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