Beiträge zur Ur- und Frühgeschichte Mitteleuropas 96
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
Beiträge zur Ur- und Frühgeschichte Mitteleuropas 96 Early Neolithic Settlement Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz, in Lower Austria Volume 2 Early Neolithic Settlement Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz, Site 3 in Lower Austria and the Milanovce Phase of the Linear Pottery Culture (LPC) Peter Stadler and Nadezhda Kotova BEIER & BERAN. ARCHÄOLOGISCHE FACHLITERATUR LANGENWEISSBACH & WIEN 2021
Early Neolithic Settlement Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz, Site 3 in Lower Austria and the Milanovce Phase of the Linear Pottery Culture (LPC) by Peter Stadler and Nadezhda Kotova Volume 2 With contributions by: Michael Götzinger4, Yanik Hahnekamp9, Nadezhda Kotova3, Attila Kreiter1, Alexander Minnich9, Beate Maria Pomberger5,9, Andreas Rohatsch8, Selina Rohatsch9, Jaroslav Řídký7, Roman Sauer6, Peter Stadler5,9, Péter Skoda10, Ralf Totschnig2 Series editor: Peter Stadler5,9 Volume editor: Peter Stadler5,9 1st English editor: Micheline Welte9 2 English editor: Kayleigh Saunderson9 nd Layout: Andreas Weihs9 1 Archaeological Department, Hungarian National Museum, Budapest, Hungary. 2 Central Institute of Meteorology and Geodynamics, Vienna, Austria. 3 Department of Eneolithic and Bronze Age, Institute of Archaeology of the National Ukrainian cademy of Sciences, Kiev, Ukraine. A 4 Department of Mineralogy and Crystallography, University of Vienna, Austria. 5 Department of Prehistory, Natural History Museum, Vienna, Austria. 6 Gerhardusgasse 10/38, Vienna 1200, Austria. 7 Institute of Archaeology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic. 8 Institute of Geotechnics, Engineering Geology, Vienna University of Technology, Austria. 9 Institute of Prehistory and Historical Archaeology, University of Vienna, Austria. 10 Budapest Szervián út 28, 1148, Hungary.
Early Neolithic Settlement Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz, in Lower Austria. The Series has the title: Vol. Site Title Series # Date Pages Authors Editors progress 1 2 Early Neolithic Settlement Brunn am Gebirge, BUFM 88a und b 2019 1082 Peter Stadler, Peter Stadler, published Wolfholz, Site 2 in Lower Austria and the Origin ISBN 978-3-95741-100-6 Nadezhda Kotova Nadezhda Kotova of the Western Linear Pottery Culture (LPC) 2 3 Early Neolithic Settlement Brunn am Gebirge, BUFM 96 2021 782 Peter Stadler, Peter Stadler, published Wolfholz, Site 3 in Lower Austria and the ISBN 978-3-95741-130-3 Nadezhda Kotova Nadezhda Kotova Milanovce Phase of the Linear Pottery Culture (LPC) 3 4 Early Neolithic Settlement Brunn am Gebirge, BUFM 101 2022 ? 500? Peter Stadler, Peter Stadler, in preparation Wolfholz, Site 4 in Lower Austria and the End ISBN 978-3-95741-145-7 Nadezhda Kotova Nadezhda Kotova of the Milanovce Phase of the Linear Pottery Culture (LPC) 4 1,6 Early Neolithic Settlement Brunn am Gebirge, BUFM 102 2022 ? 500? Peter Stadler, Peter Stadler, in preparation Wolfholz, Sites 1 & 6 in Lower Austria and the ISBN 978-3-95741-146-4 Nadezhda Kotova Nadezhda Kotova Music Note Phase of the Linear Pottery Culture (LPC) 5 1, 2 3, Investigation of the Early Neolithic House Con BUFM 103 a und b 2021 1200 Alexander Minnich Peter Stadler layout and 4 5, 6 structions of Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz, in ISBN 978-3-95741-147-1 correction Lower Austria, its Architectural History and Comparison with Neighbouring Countries in the 6th Millennium BC 6 1, 2 3, Lithic Chipped Industry from the Early Neolithic BUFM 104 ? Inna Mateiciucová Peter Stadler in work 4 5, 6 Settlement Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz, in Low ISBN 978-3-95741-148-8 er Austria
Foreword by Volume Editor We had our first contact with Brunn am Gebirge, From 2007 onward, Nadezhda Kotova assisted site 3 in 1989. In this month, a public motorway me with the evaluation of ceramics, which had been project was started, which had been planned accumulated from 1989 – 2005 during numerous for decades. The Viennese ‘Außenring Autobahn excavation campaigns. I owe her many thanks in re A21’(also ‘Alland Autobahn’) is a motorway in east gard to us finally also finishing this second volume ern Austria and part of Europastraße 60. It con now for the Brunn 3 site. We also thank all other nects the ‘West-Autobahn A1’ at traffic junction mentioned sponsors named in our acknowledge Steinhäusl with the ‘Süd-Autobahn A2’ at the junc ments for their indispensable help. tion of Vösendorf, where it joins into the ‘Wiener Außenring Schnellstraße S1’. The former ‘Brunner Feldstraße’, also called ‘S12’, was redirected so that the bypass around the Theresienau farm, a part of the Brenner-Felsach estate, could enable a consid erably wider roadway than the former one, which led over the farm. During the realisation of this building project, I first took note of the excavation work that started with a caterpillar in the northern area of Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz at the begin ning of September 1989. At first, I found the remains of Brunn site 1, some weeks later the findings from site 3 and further on in the road construction process, a few hundred metres to the south, site 2. The main part of site 3 was excavated very carefully only much later in 1999. The construction of a gas station enabled us to document a planned excavation. In total, twelve houses or parts of houses could be investigated in 1989 and 1999. A large part of Brunn am Gebirge, site 3, according to magnetic investigations, is still preserved, waiting for further explorations. The magnetic prospection showed us about 150 houses including all houses already excavated. Considering all areas, which could not yet be studied, it would be possible that the number of longhouses exceeds 200 or maybe even 250. The chronological frame for Brunn is fixed with the sequence 2, 3, 4, (5), 1 and 6, with an absolute chronology from 5650 to 5050 calBC. Site 3 gave us the best-preserved longhouses from all areas of Brunn Wolfholz. Because its surface is completely flat, erosion did not destroy as much as on oth er sites at Brunn. Site 3 belongs to the Milanovce phase of the Linear Pottery culture (LPC).
Table of Contents Chapter 1. Peter Stadler, Alexander Minnich, Ralf Totschnig: Magnetic Prospection 2013 & 2019 at Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz .....................................................................................................................................11 Chapter 2. Peter Stadler: Triangulation Maps and Aerial Photos.............................................................................37 2.1. The Triangulation Map���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������37 2.2. Satellite Photos from Google Maps ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������37 2.3. Helicopter Fly Haas Arrival and after Landing �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������40 2.4. Aerial Photos from the Helicopter Flight on May 10th 1999����������������������������������������������������������������������������40 Chapter 3. Alexander Minnich: The Hearths and Ovens of the LPC Settlement of Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz – an Update.........................................................................................................................................................................65 3.1. Preface...................................................................................................................................................................65 3.2. The Settlement and its Hearths – The Hearths within the Semi-Circular Pit Ensemble�������������������������������65 3.3. Conclusion�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������79 Chapter 4. Nadezhda Kotova, Peter Stadler: Technological Aspect and Shape of Pottery������������������������������������85 4.1. Technology ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������85 4.2. Typology ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������88 Chapter 5. Nadezhda Kotova, Peter Stadler: Ornamentation of Pottery of Brunn am Gebirge Wolfholz, Site 3����������������������������������������������������������������������������149 5.1. Decoration of the Vessel Body �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������149 5.2. Decoration of Rims �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������155 5.3. Knobs �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������156 Chapter 6. Nadezhda Kotova, Peter Stadler: Clay Objects from Brunn am Gebirge Wolfholz, Site 3..................177 6.1. Amulets��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������177 6.2. Anthropomorphic Fragments ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������177 6.3. Clay Bell �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������179 6.4. Conical Fragment ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������179 6.5. Flutes �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������179 6.6. Analogies for the Clay Objects of the Brunn 2 Sites ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������179 6.7. Conclusions �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������182 Chapter 7. Beate Maria Pomberger, Nadezhda Kotova, Alexander Minnich, Peter Stadler: The Musical Instruments of the Early Neolithic Settlement of Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz ................................185 7.1. Introduction ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������185 7.2. Vessel Flutes ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������185 7.3. The Clay Bell ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������191 Chapter 8. Nadezhda Kotova, Peter Stadler: Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz, Site 3 and the Formative Phase of the Linear Pottery Culture.................................197 8.1. Pottery Fabric ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������197 8.2. Ceramic Shapes and Decoration ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������197 Chapter 9. Peter Stadler, Alexander Minnich: Sequencing of Houses of the Brunn 1 – 6 Sites Based on the Combination of Radiocarbon Chronology and Seriation.........................................................................................................................................................................213 9.1. Radiocarbon Chronology and Seriation Improvements ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������213 9.2. Seriation and Sequencing of Houses at Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz, Sites 1 – 6 ���������������������������������������227
Table of Contents Chapter 10. Peter Stadler, Nadezhda Kotova: Chronology of the Brunn Sites in the Context of the Linear Pottery Culture...........................................................235 10.1. Chronology of the Early Linear Pottery Culture and the Seriation of Sites �����������������������������������������������235 Chapter 11. Nadezhda Kotova: Reconstruction of Sequence of Brunn 3 Houses using Radiocarbon Chronology, Seriation, Orientation of Houses and Climatic Data ........................................................................................................................................239 11.1. Radiocarbon Chronology of the Brunn 3 Site and a Seriation of Houses ���������������������������������������������������239 11.2. Reconstructed Sequence of Houses of the excavated Part of Brunn 3 �������������������������������������������������������241 11.3. Conclusions �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������248 Chapter 12. Andreas Rohatsch, Michael Götzinger, Peter Stadler, Alexander Minnich, Selina Rohatsch: The Rock Inventory of the Early Neolithic (LPC) Site Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz................................................251 12.1. Introduction ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������251 12.2. Geological and Petrographical Background �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������251 12.3. Material and Methods ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������257 12.4. Summary ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������266 Chapter 13. Jaroslav Řídký, Peter Stadler: Macrolithic Artefacts from Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz..................267 13.1. Introduction ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������267 13.2. Pebble Tools (Hand Stones) ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������267 13.3. Grinding Tools (Millstones) ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������273 13.4. Polished Artefacts �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������277 13.5. Discussion �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������284 13.6. Conclusion �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������284 Chapter 14. Peter Stadler, Andreas Rohatsch: Macrolithic Artefacts Catalogue ...............................................291 Chapter 15: Alexander Minnich, Andreas Rohatsch, Peter Stadler: A Stone Axe from Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz near Site 1.......................................................................................347 Chapter 16. Roman Sauer: Petrographic and Mineralogical Analyses of Additional Selected Pottery from the Excavation Brunn am Gebirge (Locality Wolfholz) from Sites 1, 3 and 4 and Comparison with some Reference Samples........................................................................................................................................................349 16.1. Summary ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������349 16.2. Introduction ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������350 16.3. Heavy Mineral Analyses ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������352 16.4. Summarized Description of the Fabric Types from Brunn am Gebirges Sites 1, 3, 4 �������������������������������352 16.5. Summarized Description of the Fabric Types of the Reference Samples ��������������������������������������������������362 16.6. Summarized Description of the Fabric Types from Strögen (Lower Austria) �������������������������������������������365 16.7. Photo Plates ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������368 Chapter 17. Attila Kreiter, Péter Skoda: Some Thoughts on the Assumedly Imported Vessels from Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz ......................................425 Chapter 18. Yanik Hahnekamp, Peter Stadler: Cemeteries and Settlement Graves ...........................................429 Chapter 19. Nadezhda Kotova, Peter Stadler: Plates with Ceramics from Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz, Site 3 ...............................................................................439 Chapter 20. Peter Stadler, Nadezhda Kotova: Abstract ..........................................................................................671
Table of Contents Chapter 21. Nadezhda Kotova, Peter Stadler: Conclusions .............................................................................................. 673 Chapter 22. Peter Stadler, Nadezhda Kotova: Zusammenfassung ................................................................................... 675 Chapter 23. Nadezhda Kotova, Peter Stadler: Schlussfolgerungen ............................................................................... 677 Chapter 24. Peter Stadler, Nadezhda Kotova: Literature ................................................................................................. 679 Chapter 25. Peter Stadler: Authors and their E-Mail Addresses ....................................................................................... 695 Chapter 26. Peter Stadler: Colour Photos from the Excavation of Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz, Site 3 ....................................................................... 697
Chapter 1. Magnetic Prospection 2013 & 2019 at Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz Peter Stadler, Alexander Minnich, Ralf Totschnig During the years 1993 – 1995, several parts of These consist of three postholes and two larger a large and still undeveloped area of Brunn am pits, which could only be partially excavated. Gebirge were surveyed using geomagnetics.1 After These findings are oriented in a similar way to the excavations of 1989 to 2005, further magnetic the findings of houses 34 and 35, so that there is a surveys took place in 2013 and 2019. These were reason to suspect that this is an additional house documented by Ralf Totschnig in two reports from in this row of houses. The whole magnetic meas 2013 and 2019.2 urement is disturbed by large bomb craters from To give an overview of these activities, we will World War II, and small iron remains are equally discuss the following figures in detail. distributed over the whole field. Targeted geo The magnetic investigation in 2013 was or physical measurements in this area must be used dered by the Federal Monuments Authority and to determine whether there are other houses in thus these measurements were interpreted with the southern part of the prospected area. Since the out the knowledge that previously excavated ma findings in the northern adjoining area move from terials from 1999 were placed on top of the fields west to east, it is very likely that additional house as shown in Figure 1.1. This was initiated by Walter rows can also be found here, since the house rows Gabmeyer from the Brenner Felsach estate man of sites 2a and 2b extend into the vicinity of the B12 agement, going against our recommendations for federal road. This is also confirmed by the discov future prospections. We can only estimate that 20 ery of an LPC pit at the southeast end of the dirt to 50 cm of excavated materials were deposited road that separates the two measurement areas. above the surface. Figure 1.3 shows the measured field together In Figure 1.2 the complete magnetic prospec with a field in the north, that was investigated ear tion is shown with interpretation. The number of lier. There is only a recent drainage system that is newly found interpreted long houses in this area apparent in the map. (see red number 1) is three to four, but there could In Figure 1.4 we can see the magnetogram be many more that are not visible under the over (left) compared to the interpretation (right) which lay of deposited humus. On the southern edge of shows earlier measurements alongside the newer site 3 there is a row of houses consisting of the prospection from 2013. two houses 34 (west) and 35 (east)3. Unfortunate The left side of Figure 1.5 gives a detailed mag ly, house 35 could only be partially excavated; the netogram, showing both the earlier longhouses eastern half of the house is currently still under a and those found in 2013, as well as the longhouses fill that forms the southern boundary of a gas sta from site 3. The right side of Figure 1.5 shows the tion. This is also the reason why the findings in this interpretation. area cannot be seen on the geophysical prospection The left side of Figure 1.6 gives a detailed mag map. Findings that lie at an average of about 65 me netogram showing both the earlier longhouses and tres east of house 35 show that this row of houses those found in 2013, as well as the longhouses from extends into this area. site 3. The right side of Figure 1.5 shows the inter pretation and the longhouses from the 1999 exca 1 See Stadler 2019Ch05; Neubauer 1993; Neubauer vation of site 3. The long houses from the magnetic 1994, Neubauer 1995. investigation before 1999 almost perfectly match 2 Totschnig 2013; Totschnig 2018. the houses from the excavation. 3 Minnich 2021, in preparation. 11
Early Neolithic Settlement Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz, Site 3 In total, four rows of houses are likely to extend southwest you can see the two northern house west of the already excavated site 3 into the area rows, which have already been described above. south of the dirt road. The southernmost row of The northern row of houses consists of houses houses with the fully excavated house 34 and the 50, 51, 52, 55 and 53 (from west to east). From neighbouring house 35 to the east, which was only the southern row of houses, only the two houses partially excavated, has already been described 48 and 49 (from west to east) can be seen, while above. This row could have contained up to five the other houses are located under the dirt road houses. and extend southwest into the area of site 3. Here To the north we find house 37, which along we can see bomb craters (big circles in blue) from with house 45 was only partially excavated4. The World War 2, the drainage system in the south, distance between the two houses is 95 metres. Of about 40 longhouses, with the longest being about house 45, only two posts and the eastern materi 45 m, shown in light green. In the northeast lies al pit were excavated. Due to the orientation of the an area where excavated material was deposited longitudinal pit, an orientation similar to that of which disturbs the magnetic investigation, shown house 37 can be assumed but must be confirmed here in dark green. It is apparent that longhouses by further investigations. This row of houses may partially disappear below the deposit. The inter also have extended into the area of the dirt road, as pretation of longhouses is provisional. In the north similarly oriented findings east of house 45 show. there are many overlapping longhouses, which re This row of houses could have contained up to five quire additional investigation. houses. Figure 1.10 shows the complete magnetogram To the north there is another row with up to from measurements in 1997, 1999, 2013 and 2018. seven houses, two of which have already been exca The longest longhouse is visible. vated. These are houses 38 (west) and 39 (east) of Figure 1.11 shows the complete interpretation site 3. Although the findings east of the two houses from measurements in 1997, 1999, 2013 and 2018. are disrupted by bomb craters and the dirt road, up The longest longhouse is visible. to five houses can be interpreted in this area. These In Figure 1.12, the interpretation shows only houses have the preliminary house numbers 63, the longhouses and their outlines. 62, 47, 48 and 49 (from west to east). The north In Figure 1.13 we can see a detailed version of ernmost row of houses may also contain up to sev the magnetogram with the longest longhouse. The en houses, of which only one (house 42) was exca longitudinal pits accompanying the house are clear vated. This house is the northernmost house of site ly visible, especially on the west side of the house, 3. Although bomb craters disrupt the area directly where the pits seem to be mostly continuous. In the next to site 3, the house results can be clearly seen area of the middle section there are strongly mag on the magnetogram (Figure 1.5). The houses in netic pits on both sides of the house. These could this row have the preliminary numbers 61, 50, 51, be ovens that are built into the pits which can be 52, 55 and 53 (from west to east). The two houses clearly seen due to the large amount of burnt clay. 61 and 53 lie slightly to the north and could have An excavation in this area should determine wheth formed an independent row of houses. It must be er these really are ovens, although ovens in the lon assumed that there are up to 18 other houses east gitudinal pits are not uncommon, as the results of of site 3. the excavation have already shown5. Due to the size In Figure 1.7, the triangulation points for the of the house, this is most likely a ‘Großbau’ type magnetic prospection of 2013 are shown. house. Figure 1.8 is the aerial photo from the magnetic Figure 1.14 shows the archaeological inter prospection of 2013. pretation of the longest longhouse (about 45 m in In Figure 1.9 we can see the magnetic prospec length) and its surroundings. tion of the whole field plot number 1314/1. In the 4 Minnich 2021, in preparation. 5 Minnich 2019Ch10. 12
Chapter 1. Magnetic Prospection 2013 & 2019 at Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz Figure 1.15 shows an overlay of the magnetics There are 125 – 135 houses constructed from and the archaeological interpretation of the longest about 5650 to 5050 BC. Figure 1.22 shows the longhouse and its surroundings. number of houses as a work in progress. The hous In Figure 1.16, the northern group of houses es that are not visible under the overlay of depos with overlaps are presented. It is a pity that in the ited humus in the northern field are not included southern part of the figure a bomb crater disturbs in that number. Also, on site 5 there might be addi the picture. tional as of yet undiscovered houses. If we take all Figure 1.17 is the archaeological interpreta those into account, there might be up to 150 hous tion of Figure 1.16. In addition to a large number es, thus making Brunn am Gebirge Wolfholz by far of houses with a northeast–southwest orientation, the largest settlement of the LPC beginning in the there are also houses with a north–south orienta Formative phase. tion and a northwest-southeast orientation. It is questionable whether there are houses with north west–southeast orientations in this area of the set tlement, since the houses with such orientations were previously only documented in sites 2a and 2b. However, these two sites are located more than 500 metres southwest, so it is questionable wheth er houses with north-west orientations can also be found in this area. If so, these houses would belong to the oldest phase of the LPC. There seems to be a massive development in this area, which is rather rare for LPC settlements. Since several settlement findings of the Baden culture were documented in the neighbouring site 1, these could also be LPC findings as well as findings of the Baden culture, which cover the older findings. However, this can only be clarified by an archaeological excavation in this area. In Figure 1.18 we can see the houses that extend under the deposit from 1999 in a magnetogram. Figure 1.19 is the archaeological interpreta tion of Figure 1.18, with the overlapping deposit marked in dark green. On this map you can see how the interpreted house findings disappear under the embankment. It must be assumed that there may be additional house findings north of the fill. A first clue could be an LPC stone axe, which was found west of the landfill during a prospection6. In Figure 1.20, the triangulation map of plot number 1314/1 is shown. In Figure 1.21, the triangulation map of plot number 1314/1 is shown. We will now try to estimate the total number of houses, including those which were destroyed, ex cavated, or detected with magnetics. 6 Minnich, in this volume, chapter 14. 13
Early Neolithic Settlement Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz, Site 3 In 1999, excavated materials from site 3 were deposited in this area, thus disturbing future magnetic or other prospections. In 1999, excavated materials from site 3 were deposited in this area, thus disturbing future magnetic or other prospections. Figure 1.1: Partially complete result of the archaeological-geophysical survey at Brunn am Gebirge from the 2013 and 2018 campaign. The red rectangles show excavation materials from site 03, that in 1999, were deposited on top of the fields in at least 2 places, one in the north, another in the south (© Ralf Totschnig, ZAMG). 14
Chapter 1. Magnetic Prospection 2013 & 2019 at Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz Figure 1.2: Overall archaeological interpretation of the archaeological-geophysical survey at Brunn am Gebirge from the 2013 campaign (© Ralf Totschnig, ZAMG). 15
Chapter 1. Magnetic Prospection 2013 & 2019 at Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz Figure 1.14: Archaeological interpretation of the area of the visible house floor plan (© Ralf Totschnig, ZAMG). 27
Early Neolithic Settlement Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz, Site 3 ¹ possible groundplan pit: high magnetic anomaly potential landfill disturbance, large iron object bomb crater/large iron object drainage ditch pit: intermediate magnetic anomaly iron object m 0 10 20 pit: low magnetic anomaly linear structures Figure 1.15: Archaeological interpretation of the area of the visible house floor plan (© Ralf Totschnig, ZAMG). 28
56 Early Neolithic Settlement Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz, Site 3 Figure 2.24: Helicopter flight, Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz, site 3; overview. © NHM, Photo by Stadler.
Early Neolithic Settlement Brunn am Gebirge, Wolfholz, Site 3 Figure 3.24: Oven 27 and 26 (© NHM, Drawing: Minnich). The eastern part of round pit 1807 in particular dif fered from this layer. In the eastern part, a homo geneous, black layer was documented, which had a high carbon content. This was evidently a large amount of burnt material from an oven. The actu al function could not be clarified for certain, since the upper layer was disturbed except for the stone layer. Figure 3.25: The rectangular stone pavement of oven 27. On the northern border lies a layer of burnt clay (© NHM, Photo: Stadler). 76
Plate 223 1 2 Plate 223 Pottery of the Brunn 3 site: 1 – obj. 1773, Inv.#49-1; 2 – obj. 1786, Inv.#15772 (© NHM Wien, Photos: Alice Schumacher). 662
Colour plate 32 1 4 2 3 5 Plate 32: Excavation: 1) Object 1713, 341_002, 23.06.1999; 2) Object 1713, 341_003, 23.06.1999; 3) Site 03, Friedl Loicht, 357_001, 23.06.1999; 4) Object 1713, 341_004, 23.06.1999; 5) Object 1786, House 37, 345_018, 26.06.1999 (© NHM Wien). 729
You can also read