BEAGLE - RECENT PROGRESS ON EA SIMULATIONS AT THE EIC - INDICO
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EIC AGS BeAGLE - Recent progress on eA simulations at the EIC Kong Tu BNL 07.27.2020 Center for Frontiers EIC Jet workshop in Nuclear 1 Science
What is BeAGLE? Benchmark eA Generator for LEptoproduction • Initiated by E. Aschenauer, M.Baker, JH. Lee, Z. Liang. • Now with many developers and collaborators… • Pythia 6 + DPMJet + Fluka - embed an elementary eN collision into a nuclear environment, https://wiki.bnl.gov/eic/index.php/BeAGLE • First BeAGLE paper is published on arXiv, https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14706 EIC Jet workshop 2
Contributors & Collaborators What is BeAGLE? W. Chang, A. Jentsch, K. Tu Benchmark eA Generator for LEptoproduction • Initiated by E. Aschenauer, M.Baker, JH. Lee, Z. Liang. + R. Dupré, N. Armesto, M.Ehrhart+DPMJET team + • Now with many developers and collaborators… Fluka team + Pythia team • Pythia 6 + DPMJet + Fluka - embed an elementary eN collision into a nuclear environment, A. Accardi, R. Dupré, M. Erhart, https://wiki.bnl.gov/eic/index.php/BeAGLE C. Fogler, C. Hyde, V. Morozov, P. Nadel-Turonski, K. Park, J. • First BeAGLE paper is published on arXiv, Stukes, A. Sy, T. Toll, G. Wei https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14706 Theory: M. Strikman, C. Weiss, R. Venugopalan … SRC: D. Higinbotham, P. Nadel- Turonski, C. Hyde, O. Hen, T. Ullrich, A.Deshpande, V. Morozov, B Schmookler, F. Hauenstein, A. Schmidt EIC Jet workshop 3
Recent progress and effort • Since summer 2018, BNL has new manpower developing/working on BeAGLE. • EIC Detector R&D - eRD17 is continued to be funded for FY20 and trying to renew for FY21 • BeAGLE has been shown to be extremely useful for EIC IR designs, forward detectors, ... very active and popular for the YR effort. (Diffractive & Tagging group, Exclusive group, Far forward detector group) • In this talk, only focus on a few recent progresses to demonstrate BeAGLE’s impact on the EIC. EIC Jet workshop 4
Interaction Region - EIC ZDC Roman pots B1apf dipole (inside pipe) Hadron beam coming from IP Off-Momentum Detectors B0pf dipole B0 Silicon Detector • Realistic physics simulations are crucial for designing the IR and their detectors. • For example, the Roman pots, Off-Momentum detector, and B0 in the forward region is now being studied based on ep and eA simulations, where eA events are based on BeAGLE. EIC Jet workshop 5
Collision Geometry Impact parameter b Heavy-ion AA collisions “geometry drives nearly everything…” quoted from Peter Steinberg QM19 EIC Jet workshop 6
Collision Geometry Impact parameter b virtual photon Heavy-ion AA collisions eA collisions “geometry drives nearly everything…” How to define collision geometry? quoted from Peter Steinberg QM19 Most eA physics at an EIC might also be driven by geometry! EIC Jet workshop 7
eA collision geometry in BeAGLE 1. Impact parameter, b; 2. Traveling distance, d; 3. Nuclear thickness, T(b). Experimental handle: o Forward neutron emissions, or evaporated neutrons, are correlated with these parameters. o Use the total (neutron) energy deposited in Zero-Degree Calorimeter. EIC Jet workshop 8
Centrality determination AA eA peripheral-like central-like Charged particles in midrapidity Evaporated neutrons in forward ZDC In 10-20 years, the right-hand side figure might be the ”top-cited” figure in EIC era EIC Jet workshop 9
Centrality determination A strong correlation between the (number of) forward-going neutrons and b, d, T(b). (Lead by W. Chang) ePb 18 ´ 110 GeV ePb 18 ´ 110 GeV ePb 18 ´ 110 GeV 0.25 0.25 0.25 0-1% 0-1% 0-1% 0.2 0.2 0.2 60-100% 60-100% 60-100% 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.05 0.05 0 0 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 b [fm] d [fm] T(b)/r [fm] 0 Ø Clearly different distributions between “central” and “peripheral” collisions. Ø Physics that are sensitive to geometry might be separated by cutting different Ezdc Ø Advantage: ZDC position and energy resolution have almost no effect. EIC Jet workshop 10
Similar idea before EIC Ultra-Peripheral Collisions Impact parameter b > 2R à ℓ+ℓ- di-lepton measurements in UPCs with neutron emissions. EIC Jet workshop 11
Similar idea before EIC Shuai Yang at Hard probe 2020 CMS collaboration -3 PbPb 5.02 TeV (1.5 nb-1) 1.6 ´10 (a) CMS 1.5 Preliminary 1.4 áacoreñ Ultra-Peripheral Collisions 1.3 Impact parameter b > 2R 1.2 STARlight (b) à ℓ+ℓ- áMµµñ (GeV) 14 13 di-lepton measurements in UPCs |yµ µ | < 2.4 µ µ p > 3.5 GeV, |h | < 2.4 with neutron emissions. T 8 < Mµ µ < 60 GeV 12 0n0 0n1 0nX 1n1 1nX XnX n n n n n n Neutron emissions can provide an experimental handle to the collision geometry EIC Jet workshop 12
Short-Range Correlations • One of the most outstanding problems in modern nuclear physics. Sensitive to fundamental questions, e.g., “how do nucleons form a nuclei?” • Deep connection to the puzzle, EMC effect. • What is Short-Range Correlations, aka, SRC? • Nucleon-Nucleon interaction at very short distance; • High momentum nucleon in the nucleus rest frame; a small fraction of the cross section but could impact many aspects of nuclear effects. • pp, pn, nn pairs. Noriyoshi Ishii (Univ. of Tokyo) for HALQCD Collaboration S.Aoki (Univ. of Tsukuba), T.Doi (Univ. of Tsukuba) EIC Jet workshop 13
SRCs in deuteron - BeAGLE ! l ts e' arXiv:2005.14706 BeAGLE has LF wavefunctions implemented, esu which is based on the non-relativistic nucleon r ew wavefunction N γ* J/ψ Deuteron wavefunction n(k) 103 102 Alt 1 N t=(p'-p)2 P Alt 2 realistic n(k) Deuteron e Alt 3 d p p' Alt 4 10-2 n(k) (fm ) -3 n n' 2 t'=(n'-d) -Mp 10-6 VM productions in associated with spectator tagging: • Probing the SRCs in deuteron – extreme config. 10-10 P N • Sensitive to the gluon distributions – modifications? • What is the relation of SRCs to gluon shadowing ? Can 0 5 -1 10 k (fm ) this be related to the phenomenon of gluon saturation? • … EIC Jet workshop 14
EIC simulations ! l ts e' arXiv:2005.14706 EIC forward detector simulations esu (Alex Jentsch et al) r ew N γ* ZDC J/ψ Roman pots B1apf dipole Hadron beam t=(p'-p)2 (inside pipe) coming from IP e Off-Momentum Detectors d p p' B0pf dipole B0 Silicon n n' Detector t'=(n'-d)2-Mp BeAGLE events pass thru GEANT simulations of conceptual forward detectors at the EIC EIC Jet workshop 15
Spectator momentum arXiv:2005.14706 BeAGLE BeAGLE 10 8 108 eD 18x135 GeV g *d ® J/y+p'+n' eD 18x135 GeV g *d ® J/y+p'+n' leading proton leading neutron 10 7 107 dN/dpm (GeV/c)-1 dN/dpm (GeV/c)-1 105 105 Truth 3 Truth 3 10 Acceptance only 10 Acceptance only Full simulation Full simulation 0 0.5 1 0 0.5 1 pm (GeV/c) pm (GeV/c) Pm is the three-momentum of the spectator nucleon, either neutrons or protons EIC Jet workshop 16
Momentum transfer - t arXiv:2005.14706 BeAGLE BeAGLE 7 eD 18x135 GeV g *d ® J/y+p'+n' 7 eD 18x135 GeV g *d ® J/y+p'+n' 10 leading neutron 10 leading proton 106 106 dN/dt (GeV-2) dN/dt (GeV-2) 105 105 104 104 Truth Truth 103 Acceptance only 103 Acceptance only Full simulation Full simulation 0 1 2 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 t=(p'-(-n)) (GeV ) t=(p'-(-n)) (GeV ) Using the spectator nucleons only to reconstruct t distributions in both cases – double tagging EIC Jet workshop 17
Gluon imaging H1 @ HERA e+p=e’+J/psi+p’ • Measurement of the momentum transfer t distributions à gluon source distributions’ (F(b) vs b) EIC Jet workshop 18
Gluon imaging in Deuteron arXiv:2005.14706 EIC Gluon e+d =e’+J/psi+p’+n’ 1.5 e' SRC 10% smaller proton Free proton γ* SRC 10% larger proton J/ψ 1 F(b) t=(p'-p)2 e 0.5 d p p' n n' t'=(n'-d)2-Mp 0 -1 (Kong.Tu et al, manuscript 0 in preparation) 1 b (fm) • Measurement of the momentum transfer t distributions à gluon source distributions’ (F(b) vs b) Bring another nucleon closer to the proton, larger or smaller or the same? 19 EIC Jet workshop
Gluon imaging in Deuteron arXiv:2005.14706 EIC Gluon ' e+d =e’+J/psi+p’+n’ e SRC 10% smaller proton 1.4 Free proton F(b) ratio to free proton SRC 10% larger proton γ* J/ψ 1.2 t=(p'-p)2 e d p p' 1 n n' t'=(n'-d)2-Mp 0.8 (Kong.Tu -1 et al, manuscript 0 in preparation) 1 b (fm) • Measurement of the momentum transfer t distributions à gluon source distributions’ (F(b) vs b) Bring another nucleon closer to the proton, larger or smaller or the same? 20 EIC Jet workshop
Another example in UPC data • STAR d+Au UPC data – exclusive J/psi 1 Deuteron STAR Preliminary production off deuterons! Gluon density d+Au sNN = 200 GeV STAR Preliminary Charge density á Wg *p ñ » 25 GeV g *d ® J/ y + X |y |
Upcoming/potential projects • Free neutron structure function – spectator tagging in DIS on deuteron • Bounded proton structure function – correlation with SRCs • An extension to heavy nucleus. • BeAGLE benchmark processes… • … • Besides inclusive measurements, we can also look at jets or other hard probes. • Jet as a probe to the strangeness in DIS (Arratia et al 2020). Embed this in deuteron or Pb with spectator tagging? Explicitly change the parton structure by the given SRCs. • …MANY other possibilities • We entourage/welcome jet experts at the EIC using BeAGLE. EIC Jet workshop 22
Upcoming/potential projects • Free neutron structure function – spectator tagging in DIS on deuteron • Bounded proton structure function – correlation with SRCs • An extension to heavy nucleus. • BeAGLE benchmark processes… • … • Besides inclusive measurements, we can also look at jets or other hard probes. • Jet as a probe to the strangeness in DIS (Arratia et al 2020). Embed this in deuteron or Pb with spectator tagging? Explicitly change the parton structure by the given SRCs. • …MANY other possibilities • We entourage/welcome jet experts at the EIC using BeAGLE. EIC Jet workshop 23
Summary and outlook • BeAGLE has been used for important applications for the EIC physics and R&D, going from geometry tagging to spectator tagging, from light to heavy nucleus. • And many more… (GCF in BeAGLE, incoherent vetoing for eA, etc.) • BeAGLE is potentially capable of providing a great framework/platform for jet physics in eA. • Pythia/Rapgap for hard processes • DPMJet for geometry, shadowing, intra-nuclear cascades.. • Fluka for nuclear remnants, excited nucleus, and so on. EIC Jet workshop 24
Summary and outlook • BeAGLE has been used for important applications for the EIC physics and R&D, going from geometry tagging to spectator tagging, from light to heavy nucleus. • And many more… (GCF in BeAGLE, incoherent vetoing for eA, etc.) • BeAGLE is potentially capable of providing a great framework/platform for jet physics in eA. • Pythia/Rapgap for hard processes • DPMJet for geometry, shadowing, intra-nuclear cascades.. • Fluka for nuclear remnants, excited nucleus, and so on. We would love to have your interests/expertise on BeAGLE for jets EIC Jet workshop 25
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