Background Guide - JCC Indo-Pak 1971 Liberation of Bangladesh - South Bay MUN
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2/24/2019 SBMUN III: JCC Indo-Pak BG - Google Docs
Background Guide
Crisis
JCC Indo-Pak
1971 Liberation of Bangladesh
SBMUN III
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Greetings, Delegate!
The year is 1971, and you have been called to a top-secret meeting in your
respective countries to discuss the escalating conflict between the two factions in
Pakistan. Among you are the most influential leaders of your age: eloquent politicians
capable of mobilizing millions of people, powerful generals in control of formidable
armies, and experienced diplomats who could sway the opinions of bystanding foreign
nations. It is now your committee’s responsibility to further your group’s interests while
protecting your people, and there is not much time left before the conflict descends into
bloodshed and war. May the wind blow in your favor.
Message from Chairs
Hello, we are Brandon Guo, Naomi Ho, Pranav Reddy, and Timothy Fu. We will
be the co-chairs of the JCC Pakistan and JCC India committees, respectively. As the
chairs of this committee, we encourage delegates to devise detailed and creative
solutions that will lead to victory for your committee. The crisis staff (who keep the
machinery of the committee moving) will be hard at work in replying to your messages,
so make sure to create a story that allows your character to stand out and rise up as a
leader in your committee. We look forward to a fun, fast-paced, and exciting committee
with you all! If you have any questions at all please email us at
jcc.sbmun3@gmail.com.
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Brandon Guo
Hi, I am Brandon. If you want to learn anything about me, go to https://bguo.us.
I don’t run ads.
Some things you probably won’t find on there: I have been doing MUN since
freshman year and have attended conferences like BMUN, NAIMUN, and SMUNC. I will
be a co-chair for this conference for JCC Pakistan. Crisis is something I find to be on the
more exciting end of MUN and I have high hopes for what’s to come. If you have
questions about this conference or MUN in general, email me. If you have questions
about life in general, I’m not sure why I would be qualified to answer; but still, email me.
Naomi Ho
Hey y’all, I’m Naomi and I’m going to be your co-chair for JCC Pakistan! I’m
currently a junior at Homestead High School and I’ve been doing MUN since freshman
year. SBMUN 2019 will be my 2nd time chairing at South Bay, and my first time
chairing crisis! Outside of MUN, I’ve been trying to learn American Sign Language and I
play piano and cello in Homestead’s orchestra. I also love listening to music and being
fake deep about song lyrics. I love talking and meeting new people, so feel free to reach
out to me if you have any questions or good song recommendations!
Pranav Reddy
Hello! I’m Pranav and I’ll be the Monta Vista chair for the Indian side of this
committee. I’m currently a sophomore at Monta Vista and I joined Model UN in my
freshman year by pure chance and it was one of the best decisions I’ve made. Outside of
MUN, I love running, fantasy football, reading, and good food. I have plenty of
experience with MUN and crisis committees, so please don’t hesitate to reach out if you
have questions! I look forward to a fun and exciting committee with all of you.
David Dang
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Hello, delegates. My name is David Dang, and I’m one of your crisis staff members for
JCC this year. I’ve acted as crisis staff last year for SBMUN’s Martian Civil War Crisis,
and am hoping I can see equally creative solutions this year. I’m a junior, having been in
MUN since I got into high school, and enjoy video games, reading, and listening to
music in my free time. Come talk to me if you have any questions on crisis.
Nathaniel Wright
Howdy! My name is Nathaniel Wright, and I will be one of your crisis directors for JCC
at SBMUN 2019 I’m currently a senior and have been doing Model UN forever. If your
not talking crisis I dont wanna talk. Outside of MUN I like to participate in Homestead’s
choir and drama departments, and I intend to pursue musical theatre! I love talking to
people, especially about country music and anything Texan, so don’t be afraid to say hi!
#Texas #CrisisorDiesis
Topic Overview
Tensions between India and Pakistan date back to the Partition of India in 1947,
when the British Raj was divided into the Muslim state of Pakistan and the more
secular, albeit Hindu-dominated, India. Within the same year, India and Pakistan go to
war over the state of Kashmir, leading to a Pakistani defeat and the beginning of
hostilities between India and Pakistan which will continue throughout this committee.
Pakistan is dealing with a major internal crisis. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and his
Awami League represent an existential threat to Pakistan and its future as a Muslim
state. Ethnic tensions and government discrimination have alienated the Bengalis of
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East Pakistan from West Pakistan, and many in the Awami League are slowly but surely
being noticed by the Indian government.
India, on the other hand, is more reserved. As of March 1971, India has not
entered the conflict. However, the surge of refugees in Bengal and Orissa are slowly
forcing the Indira Gandhi-led government to act. Gandhi has just won her second term
as prime minister in a sweeping victory for her Indian National Congress party, enjoying
widespread popular support. However, in Bengal and Orissa, the two most affected
states, the Communist Party of India controls the local government.
Delegates should keep in the mind the greater global context the war was set in.
At the time, the Cold War was in full swing, and the US and the USSR were involved in
the Vietnam War. Pakistan joined the US and is supported by the Reagan
administration financially and militarily. To contrast this, India has remained
comparatively neutral, although it has begun leaning towards the USSR to counteract
the Sino-Pakistani axis surrounding it. This would culminate in the Indo–Soviet Treaty
of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation in August 1971, but that is out of the scope of this
committee.
Historically, India joined the conflict in November 1971 after much internal
pressure the handle the ever-growing refugee crisis. However, at the time committee
starts (28 March 1971), India is not officially involved in the conflict. However, they are
providing asylum to the exiled leaders of the Awami League in the city of Mujibnagar,
named after the Awami League’s leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. The two committees
and the actions of the delegates will decide how the conflict is shaped.
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Past Action
In the years leading up to this day, Pakistan has had several internal conflicts,
particularly between the two land separated regions of East and West Pakistan, or
modern Bangladesh and Pakistan respectively. India has played the role of the
spectator, remaining sympathetic to the people of East Pakistan as the civil war begins.
Since the war is just now beginning very little has happened by these two bodies but the
tensions in Kashmir and other places means they understand what the other is capable
of.
Current Situation
The date is March 28, 1971. This is one of the most important days in the histories
of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. On March 26, the conflict officially began with the
declaration of independence by a Pakistani major on the behalf of the people in East
Pakistan, and West Pakistan sending security forces into the seceding region to initiate
the Bangladesh Genocide. East Pakistan is deciding how to repeal the invasion of West
Pakistan while West Pakistan is trying to figure out exactly how to invade without
agitating India. The tension is palpable as both factions prepare for war.
Character List
A note about characters…
Most of these characters have some specialized role in the government. One can presume,
therefore, that most, if not all, associated powers to your speci c role will be allowed during committee.
Feel free to email the chairs/crisis sta if any questions or confusions arise.
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India
1. Indira Gandhi (Prime Minister [This role will be played by your chairs])
2. Varahagiri Venkata Giri (President)
3. Sam Manekshaw (Army chief General)
4. Yashwantrao Chavan (Minister of Finance)
5. Jagjivan Ram (Minister of Defense)
6. Mohan Kumaramangalam (Minister of Steel and Mines)
7. Sardar Swaran Singh (Minister of Internal Affairs)
8. Raj Bahadur (Minister of Parliamentary Affairs)
9. Nandini Satpathy (Minister of Information)
10. Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda (Head of Navy)
11. Kodardas Kalidas Shah (Minister of Broadcasting)
12. Triloki Nath Kaul (Foreign Secretary)
13. Sardar Hukam Singh (Governor of Rajasthan)
14. Nazir Kabra (Minister for International Affairs)
15. Shriman Narayan (Governor of Gujarat)
16. Atma Jayaram(Director of Intelligence)
Pakistan
1. Yahya Khan (President [This role will be played by your chairs])
2. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (Chairman of Pakistan People’s Party)
3. Nurul Amin (Prime Minister)
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4. Mubashir Hassan (Minister of Finance)
5. Ghulam Mustafa Khar (Governor of Punjab)
6. Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry (Deputy Speaker)
7. Muhammad ZiaulHaq (Army General)
8. Nur Khan (Minister of Labour, Science, Technology)
9. Tikka Khan (Chief Martial Law Administrator)
10. Ghulam Jilani Khan (Director of Intelligence)
11. Mahmud Ali Kasuri (Minister of Law and Justice)
12. Golam Wahed Chaudhury (Minister of Communication)
13. Abdus Sattar (Chief Election Commissioner)
14. Ahmad Tasnim (Admiral of the Navy)
15. Nawab Muzaffar Ali Khan Qizilbash (Minister of Economic Affairs, Commerce, and
Industry)
16. Agha Shahi (Pakistani Ambassador to the UN)
17. Mumtaz Bhutto (Governor of Sindh)
18. Ekbal Chaudhary (Minister for International Affairs)
Questions to Consider
1. Do you support the Bengali nationalist movement or the Pakistani
government? How has this conflict affected your position?
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2. How can you utilize the resources possessed by your character? How will these
resources contribute to the war cause and gain support for your side of the
conflict? How will you manipulate these resources to benefit yourself?
3. How can your character get involved in this crisis? How can you use your
portfolio powers to affect committee? To what extent do you wish to interact with
those outside of your own committee?
4. Which direction do you want the committee and your position to move in over
the course of the war?
Position Paper Guidelines
Position papers for this committee are an opportunity for you to figure out your
character’s stance and for you to iron out your character arc and plans for the
committee. Put more time and writing into the proposed solutions section of your paper,
as it will you in this committee! Good luck!
Format:
● MLA Format
● Header:
Committee Name
Character and Position [DO NOT put your name or school in the paper]
Delegate ID
SBMUN III
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● 1-3 Pages
Sections:
1. Character Stance
2. Proposed Solutions
3. Response to two “Questions to Consider”
Please make sure to turn in your papers to the link below, only papers submitted to the
google form will be considered and a paper turned in is a requirement for any committee
awards. Papers are due on 22 March and no late submissions will be accepted.
https://goo.gl/forms/6r0CFXWzzVBK2vu23
References
Shaikh Aziz (25 December 2011). "A chapter from history: Yahya Khan's quick action".
Dawn. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
Lyon, Peter (2008). Conflict Between India and Pakistan: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO.
p. 23. ISBN 978-1576077122. Ayub Khan Mohammad, a Pathan and Pakistani soldier
(...)
Dennis Kux, India and the United States: Estranged Democracies (Washington, DC:
National Defense University Press, 1992), 239.
Democracy, security, and development in India. By Raju G. C. Thomas.
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Akbar, M.K. (1997). Pakistan from Jinnah to Sharif. New Delhi: Mittal Publications.
ISBN 978-8170996743.
Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997). The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy
1971–1994. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9781860641695. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
Raghavan, Srinath (2013). 1971: The Global History of Creation of the Bangladesh.
Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674731271. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
Jaffrelot, Christophe (2015). The Pakistan Paradox: Instability and Resilience. Oxford:
Oxford University Press. pp. 226–227. ISBN 978-0190235185.
Newberg, Paula R. (2002). Judging the state : courts and constitutional politics in
Pakistan (1st paperback ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN
978-0521894401.
Bose, Sarmila (8 October 2005). "Anatomy of Violence: Analysis of Civil War in East
Pakistan in 1971". Economic and Political Weekly. Archived from the original on 1
March 2007.
Lyon, Peter (2008). Conflict Between India and Pakistan: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO.
p. 23. ISBN 978-1576077122. Ayub Khan Mohammad, a Pathan and Pakistani soldier
(...)
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