Autonomous Vehicles: What's In Store for parking operations, and how are you to prepare? Paul Godsmark, CAVCOE - The Canadian Parking Association
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Autonomous Vehicles:
What’s In Store for parking
operations, and how are you to
prepare?
Paul Godsmark, CAVCOE
1
DON’T PANIC (& CARRY A TOWEL)
Credit: Kimberley Boswell
Automated
Vehicles
Connected
Vehicles
Electric ACE
Vehicles Vehicles
Sharing Economy
4
Huge Impacts
• Safety - 2,000 fatalities –
save 80% (3.9% GDP)
• Time – save 0.5 Bn hrs
• Shared TaaS
• Savings $65bn/yr1
• Money flow >20%GDP?2
1Morgan Stanley est. $1.3Tn/yr for US
2CAVCOE estimate
1st AV Service on an Industrial Site, EDF Civaux
6 shuttles, 2k people save 20-25min & €3M/yr
6
7
When? (2019-2021)
8
GM’s Cruise Automation – 2018?
9
GM – Cruise Automation
10GM – Cruise Automation
11Cruise: Lights Out at 6-Way Intersection
12Cruise: Human Controls at Road Construction
13Waymo (from Google’s SDC Project) – 2017?
Credit: Kyrsten Sinema
14AVs won’t just transport
People
Goods
But we will see a massive
increase in the transportation of
ServicesWe have never had a product like this…
When certified safe to drive unmanned:
can do work
make owners money
rapid market penetration
16Transportation-as-
a-Service (TaaS)?
AV manufacturers won’t sell
the goose that lays the
golden eggs.
Long term TaaS profits will be
far more profitable.
Average Canadian family will
be $3,000 better off by not
owning car, but using TaaS.
17Compelling Business Case
Car Rentals
Taxis
Ride Share
Shared
Automated
Taxis (TaaS) Entrepreneurs
Car Share
TNCs
Disabled, Seniors,
Young, Poor etc.
18Business Models &Policies will steer outcomes
Traffic / Parking / Emissions
Conventional
2016 2021
TimeBusiness Models &Policies will steer outcomes
Dystopian
Traffic / Parking / Emissions
Conventional
2016 2021
TimeBusiness Models &Policies will steer outcomes
Dystopian
Traffic / Parking / Emissions
Conventional
Utopian
2016 2021
TimeWhy a big deal? • An AV will do work moving people, goods, services • An AV will make money for owner • AV Demand > Supply • Rapid Market Penetration • Disruptive
Autonomous Vehicle Zones (AVZs)
LA Mayor, Eric Garcetti,
wants LA to be the first
major city with a
‘driverless car
neighbourhood’
Concept drawing of Landsdown Park in Ottawa. Copyright/Courtesy OSEG, Barry
Hobin and Richard Brisban Architects, Canon Design and General Motors for the EN-
V pods
§ Remove human drivers = Maximum Benefits ASAP
§ Improve quality of life ranking in all categories
§ Promote walkability and active transportation
§ The ‘forgotten 30%’ – unlicensed, disabled, seniors etc.
§ Being discussed in LA, Singapore, Helsinki
23Pick-up & drop-off zones
are the new
Parking
24Opportunities & Challenges for Parking: § Can existing parking facilities be re- purposed? § Future-proof infrastructure design § Fleets will need downtown bases – Fuel/recharge, maintenance, cleaning § Plan for pick-up & drop-off zones
These technologies
are coming like a
freight train.
If we’re ready,
great.
If we’re not, tough.
They’re coming
anyway.
- Paul GodsmarkCity of Calgary – Parking
Thoughts in an
Autonomous Vehicle
World
Presented by:
Chris Blaschuk
Manager, Transportation Strategy
City of Calgary
27Traditional Parking Options
28Future Parking Options with AVs
29Potential Parking Outcomes from AVs
• Cars drive until they find the nearest spot
that balances response time (when
summoned) with cost – could be in
surrounding neighbourhoods
• Cars drive all the way home after drop-off
• Cars circulate looking for trips (i.e. for hire)
or waiting to be summoned by owners
• Cars continue to use existing parking
supplies
30Common issues
• Huge drop off / loading demands
• How to accommodate?
• On street and/or off street?
• Building design will likely need to adapt
• Additional vehicle trips from empty vehicles
• Congestion impact
• Price reductions in existing parking facilities
• How to make up lost revenues?
• Shift to loading charges?
• Opportunity to significantly improve customer
experience
31Potential Strategies for Cities
• Consider broader on-street parking
management initiatives
• May need to control all on-street parking,
rather than just congested areas
• Consider the future flexibility of new parking
facilities, and scrutinize the need
• Could use adaptable designs, or consider
short / interim solutions that can be
replaced
• Consider the potential for parking
developments as part of land use planning
in non-traditional (i.e. periphery areas)
32Calgary Downtown Parking Strategy
• Previously: new developments build 50% of
parking requirement on site, pay City
remaining 50% to build public parking in
surrounding area
• Development community desired to build
100% of parking requirement on site
• City agreed to this, with provision for
relaxing the requirement if a contribution to
broader area infrastructure is made
33Calgary Downtown Parking Strategy
• Important component of the new approach
was the risk to the City of an obligation to
build future parking facilities if not
warranted / economic
• Industry better positioned to respond
• Biggest risk to City of the new approach –
foregone future parking revenue (if AVs
don’t / are slow to take hold)
34Autonomous Vehicles:
What’s In Store for parking
operations, and how are you to
prepare?
Brett Blain, EIA
35Canadian Airports Funding
• Non aeronautical revenue is an integral component of
Canadian Airports
• Parking is the largest source of non aeronautical
revenues for most airports
• Loss of this stream would require replacement with
other fees for airports to continue operating
* Source – Canadian Airports Council
36Airports – Early Adopters
• Self driving buses and people
movers already in airports
• Christchurch Airport, New
Zealand
• San Jose Airport, California
• Heathrow Airport, London
• Parking garage redesign
• Elimination of drive aisles
• Car rental companies will
embrace early
37Next Generation Autonomous
• Autonomous aerial taxi commenced at Dubai
International Airport
38Airport Business and Sociological
Impacts
• Airline impacts – passenger and freight
• Transit impacts
• Road network not designed for future traffic
demands
• Legal and insurance impacts
• Transportation business employs 20% of all
Canadians
• Unemployment and re training
39Autonomous Vehicles:
Autonomous Mobility and the
Future of Parking
Nick Spensieri, Metrolinx
40Context Parking Needs based on Ownership Model vs Percentage
Uptake
§ A number of possible scenarios for AV adoption
could produce significant changes for land-use,
VKT, and parking needs
– Outcomes depend on the level of automation,
ownership model and % of AV uptake
– Impacts on parking will be largely influenced by the
ability of vehicles to fully self-park
§ General expectation exists that use, supply,
location and configuration of future parking will be
affected
– Estimates that 90% of surface parking could become
surplus but it is unlikely to disappear altogether
§ Given long capital planning cycles it is important to
entertain the notion that the current parking supply
may no longer be needed
Source: University of Toronto (2016) Driving the Future. Report by
Banks, I., Rizvi, H., Malik, A., Nogiec, H., & Kearns, M.
Autonomous Vehicles and Parking
41Expectations and characteristics
Usage
§ Vastly increased Pick-up and Drop-off (PUDO)
activity should be expected both curbside and at
stations
§ Potential for increased EV charging given
technological convergence
Supply
§ Significantly lower levels of overall parking need
due to increased PUDO, shared vehicles, and
private vehicles that return home
Location
§ Parking may no longer need to be located within
walking distance of destinations
Configuration
§ Automated parking may allow for the size of
surface spaces to be reduced, smaller structures
with lower ceilings, and off-site locations
Autonomous Vehicles and Parking
42POTENTIAL street and station level
considerations
Consider now
§ Design stations and curbsides with expectation of much
higher levels of pick-up drop-off activity
§ Re-evaluate expensive capital expenditures for parking
and design to maximize flexibility, redeployment and/or
future adaptability
– E.g. Use modular structures or design permanent
structures with flat floor construction, outboard ramps,
increased ceiling height and live loading capacity
§ Develop real-time, connected, parking inventory to alert
vehicles about availability of PUDO and parking spaces
§ Pilot automated robotic parking enforcement
Consider in a future state
§ Re-evaluate location of parking with local context and
redevelopment in mind
§ Design purpose built AV parking and structures to
drastically increase efficiency including Automated Valet
Parking
Autonomous Vehicles and Parking
43Autonomous Vehicles:
What’s In Store for parking
operations, and how are you to
prepare?
Ralph Bond, BA Group
4445
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