A Next Street Lunch and Learn - The meaning of "Defund the Police" and how it influences our thinking as an anti-racist organization
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The meaning of “Defund the Police” and how it influences our
thinking as an anti-racist organization
A Next Street Lunch and Learn
JUNE 19, 2020
Next Street Financial LLC © Copyright 2020 – CONFIDENTIAL 1
CREATING A COURAGEOUS SPACE
A courageous space is an environment in which we share candidly, test
ideas, challenge and be challenged
1. Respect
2. Take responsibility
3. Listen to understand
4. Make room for diverse voices
5. Embrace ambiguity
6. Preserve the integrity of stories
Source: Crossroads Anti-racism Organizing & Training
Next Street Financial LLC © Copyright 2020 – CONFIDENTIAL 2
GETTING INTO YOUR ‘LEARNING ZONE’
Panic Zone
Learning Zone
Comfort Zone
Next Street Financial LLC © Copyright 2020 – CONFIDENTIAL 3
AGENDA
Introduction
Next Street Project Profile: Office of Violence Prevention
Discussion
Next Street Financial LLC © Copyright 2020 – CONFIDENTIAL 4
CELEBRATING JUNETEENTH
History
> Juneteenth is the oldest nationally celebrated
commemoration of the ending of slavery in the U.S.
> On June 19, 1865, more than two years after the
Emancipation Proclamation, Union soldiers landed in
Galveston, Texas with news that the war had ended and
that the enslaved were now free from legalized slavery
– With the Confederate surrender at Appomattox in April 1865
“ The people of Texas are informed that in accordance with
and the arrival of Union troops in Texas, the Civil War was
a Proclamation from the Executive of the United States, all
officially over across the nation
slaves are free. This involves an absolute equality of rights
> Juneteenth celebrations were popular with black and rights of property between former masters and slaves,
Americans through the 1800s, but declined during the era and the connection heretofore existing between them
of Jim Crow; Juneteenth celebrations would be revived becomes that between employer and hired laborer. ”
during the Civil Rights Era
- original Juneteenth proclamation in Galveston,TX
> On January 1, 1980, Juneteenth became an official state
holiday in Texas through the efforts of Al Edwards, a black
state legislator
> Official celebrations continue to grow, especially this year,
with a renewed focus on racial equity nationwide
Source: juneteenth.com
Next Street Financial LLC © Copyright 2020 – CONFIDENTIAL 5INTRODUCTION: POLICE REFORM SPECTRUM
While “Defund the Police” is a movement to reform the police in America, it has different
goals than that of the “Police Reform” movement
Degree of change
Movements in
Police Reform Defunding the Police Police abolition
American policing
Altering police behavior Changing policing Ending all policing practices
through greater outcomes and improving and systems as currently
accountability, police public safety by redirecting configured, replacing them
oversight, and financial resources from with new organizations for
professionalization police departments to community care and safety
other community
organizations
Next Street Financial LLC © Copyright 2020 – CONFIDENTIAL 6INTRODUCTION: WHERE DID THE IDEA COME FROM?
> The police abolition movement has its intellectual
roots in the work of black prison
abolitionists Angela Davis and Ruth Wilson
Gilmore and their group Critical Resistance, a
grassroots organization that seeks to “dismantle the
prison-industrial complex”
> Critical Resistance and other police abolitionists
react against the racist history of American
policing and the racist effects it has in society
> Policing in the South emerged from the slave
patrols in the 18th and 19th centuries that caught
and returned runaway slaves; in the North, the first
municipal police departments in the mid-1800s
helped stop labor strikes and riots against the rich
> In the Jim Crow era, police used racist laws to
direct violence at black Americans, often coordinating
with lynch mobs
> Today, black Americans comprise 13% of the
population but 34% of all prisoners in the U.S.
Next Street Financial LLC © Copyright 2020 – CONFIDENTIAL 7INTRODUCTION: WHAT DOES “DEFUND THE POLICE” MEAN?
“ The idea of defunding, or divestment, is new
to some folks, but the basic premise is simple:
we must cut the astronomical amount of
money that our governments spend on law
enforcement and give that money to more
helpful services like job training, counseling,
and violence-prevention programs.
Each year, state and local governments spend
upward of $100 billion dollars on law
enforcement—and that’s excluding billions
more in federal grants and resources.
We can demand that our local officials…stop
allocating funds for the police to acquire
more militarized equipment and instead ask
for that money to go toward community-run
violence-prevention programs. ”
- Paige Fernandez, ACLU Policing Policy
Advisor, National Political Advocacy Department
Next Street Financial LLC © Copyright 2020 – CONFIDENTIAL 8INTRODUCTION: CURRENT ROLE OF POLICE IN AMERICA
According to the American Bar Association, police agencies throughout the U.S. are currently
given the following responsibilities in local communities, by design or default –
Current responsibilities of police
> Identify criminal offenders and criminal activity and, > Assist those who cannot care for themselves
where appropriate, to apprehend offenders and
participate in subsequent court proceedings > Resolve conflicts
> Reduce the opportunities for the commission of > Identify problems that are potentially serious law
some crimes through preventive patrol and other enforcement or governmental problems
measures
> Create and maintain a feeling of security in the
> Aid individuals who are in danger of physical harm community
> Protect constitutional guarantees > Promote and preserve civil order
> Facilitate the movement of people and vehicles > Provide other services on an emergency basis
We will examine the role of police in preventing violent crime in Chicago, based on Next Street’s work
supporting the City of Chicago Mayor’s Office to stand up a Mayor’s Office of Violence Prevention (now officially
titled the Mayor’s Office of Violence Reduction)
Source: Next Street research and analysis of American Bar Association publications
Next Street Financial LLC © Copyright 2020 – CONFIDENTIAL 9AGENDA
Introduction
Next Street Project Profile: Office of Violence Prevention
Discussion
Next Street Financial LLC © Copyright 2020 – CONFIDENTIAL 10PROJECT PROFILE:
CITY OF CHICAGO MAYOR’S OFFICE OF VIOLENCE PREVENTION
Project context Project objectives
> Chicago has historically had elevated > Develop a perspective on assets and gaps:
amounts of violence and homicide – Understand
> Ongoing efforts and investment to address – Assess
this issue are significant – Engage
– Research
> Need: additional investment, coordination and > Develop and assess options for the new
infrastructure Mayor’s Office of Violence Prevention
> Challenge: to understand what is most effective > Build cohesive, agile plan and strategy
> Best practices: looking to other cities has
significant potential value
> Opportunity: to lead coordination and support
Our project objective is to deliver an informed strategy and go-forward
operationalization plan for the Office of Violence Prevention
Next Street Financial LLC © Copyright 2020 – CONFIDENTIAL 11STATE OF VIOLENCE IN CHICAGO (I OF II)
Gun violence victims in Chicago are disproportionately men of color, with young men of
color particularly vulnerable
Shooting Victims (2018)
Male Female
0-14 31
15-19 95 403 52
20-24 123 496 79
25-29 94 438 48
30-39 89 447 49
40+ 41 224 45
Black Hispanic White
Source: UChicago Crime Lab analysis of Chicago Police Department records
Next Street Financial LLC © Copyright 2020 – CONFIDENTIAL 12STATE OF VIOLENCE IN CHICAGO (II OF II)
Violence and local socioeconomic factors in Chicago are correlated, with much of the
violence in Chicago concentrated in the neighborhoods we care about most at Next Street
Chicago Community Areas: High vs. Low Homicide Rate*
Homicides per Poverty Rate No HS Degree Vacancy Rate
100,000 (2018) (2013-17) (2013-17) (2013-17)
41.5 17%
18%
29%
11% 10%
14%
4.2
Low High Low High Low High Low High
Homicide Homicide Homicide Homicide Homicide Homicide Homicide Homicide
Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate
Note: * High (low) homicide rate community areas are those with homicide rates above (below) the median
Source: UChicago Crime Lab analysis of Chicago Police Department records
Next Street Financial LLC © Copyright 2020 – CONFIDENTIAL 13VIOLENCE PREVENTION FRAMEWORK: PROGRAMS
We used the following framework to understand the different violence prevention programs
and interventions; under this framework, police interventions only plays a partial role in
preventing violent crime in communities Role of police
Rehabilitation
Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention Suppression
Offender Victim
Places Crime Prevention Hot Spots Policing
through Environmental Disorder Policing
Design Community Policing
People Community-based Community-based Hospital-based Violence Focused deterrence Restorative Justice Restorative
Violence Prevention Violence Prevention Prevention Programs Drug law enforcement Multidimensional Justice
Programs Programs Cognitive Behavioral Juvenile Therapy (MST-
School-based Violence Mentoring Therapy MTFC-FFT)
Prevention Programs Vocational Training and Mentoring Cognitive Behavioral
Mentoring Employment Vocational Training and Therapy
Conditional Cash Employment Non-custodial
Transfer Streetworkers Sanctions
Programs Boot Camps
Scared Straight
Mentoring
Vocational Training and
Employment
Behaviors School-based Violence School-based Violence Focused Deterrence Focused deterrence Cognitive Behavioral
Prevention Programs Prevention Programs Cognitive Behavioral Drug law enforcement Therapy
Alcohol Control Therapy Drug Courts and
Juvenile Curfews Treatment
Gun Buyback
Institutions Police reform
Judicial reform
Source: US AID “What works to prevent violence among youth?”
Next Street Financial LLC © Copyright 2020 – CONFIDENTIAL 14DIRECTIONAL / NON-EXHAUSTIVE
POLICY AND PROGRAMMATIC RESPONSE: CITY EFFORTS
Across Chicago, various city government agencies have a number of violence reduction and
prevention programs across the framework presented
City Agencies’ Violence Prevention Programs, by Agency*
Responsible Agencies CHA CDPH CPD CPL CPS CTA DFSS Parks
Adverse Childhood
Alternatives to Arrest for “Bridging the Divide”
Bridges to Pathways Chicago Safe Start Check and Connect Experiences (ACEs)
First-time Youth Offenders Program Screenings
Crisis Intervention Connecting Returning Domestic Violence Task
CAPS Revitalization Chicago City of Learning Chicago Safe Start
Training Citizens to Career Pathways Force
Homicide Crisis
Force for Good Greencorps Youth One Summer Chicago City Year Tutors Night Out in the Parks
Response and Recovery
Juvenile Intervention & One Summer Chicago Reentry Centers for Family Unification
Operation Impact Gang School Safety Teams
Support Centers Plus Returning Citizens Program
Procedural Justice &
“Training Bridges” to Youth Working for Second Chance for
Police Legitimacy RISE Diversion “Option” Schools
Careers Success Returning Citizens
Training
Two Degrees of Violence Reduction Strategy
YOUMedia Lab
Association (Gang Call-in Forums)
Chicago Police Department Department of Family & Chicago Public Other City
Support Services Schools Agencies
Note: * The depicted City Agencies’ violence prevention programs are only meant to representative of the City’s programming; the selection and order of
programs shown are not indicative of efficacy of the City’s programming
Source: Mayor’s Commission for a Safer Chicago, Strategic Plan for 2015; City Agency Websites
Next Street Financial LLC © Copyright 2020 – CONFIDENTIAL 15CURRENT STATE OF POLICE SPENDING
Across the U.S., city governments have allocated between 25% and 40% of their general fund
expenditures on police departments, with the exception of NYC, which spends ~$4.9B on police
Total police budget and share of cities’ general fund expenditures (2017)
New York City $4.89B 8.2%
Los Angeles $1.49B 25.7%
Chicago $1.46B 39.6%
Houston $850.0M 35.0%
Baltimore $480.7M 25.6%
Detroit $310.2M 30.0%
Oakland $242.0M 41.2%
Atlanta $218.3M 29.7%
Minneapolis $163.2M 35.8%
Orlando $153.8M 32.3%
Source: Next Street research and analysis of city budgets Key: Total police spending % of general fund expenditures
Next Street Financial LLC © Copyright 2020 – CONFIDENTIAL 16PROBLEMS: POLICE EFFECTIVENESS AND RACIAL EQUITY
Despite the elevated spending levels for police departments, police departments in
Chicago and nationally have considerable needs to improve how they serve the public
and promote racial equity
Homicide police clearance rates in Chicago (2010-18)
100%
80%
An unarmed Black man is
Homicide Clearance Rate
60%
51% 51%
54%
50%
46% 45%
17 times more
40% 37%
29%
36% likely to be shot and killed
by police officers than a
20%
white man is, nationally
0%
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Source: University of Chicago Crime Lab Street research of Chicago Police Department records; Arnold Ventures
Next Street Financial LLC © Copyright 2020 – CONFIDENTIAL 17PROBLEMS: POLICE / LAW ENFORCEMENT USE OF FORCE
In the wake of George Floyd’s death, police departments across the country can take actionable
steps to reevaluate their use of force policies and prioritize the sanctity of all human life
Source: Next Street research and analysis of NYU Policing Project research Key: Policy adopted Policy not adopted
Next Street Financial LLC © Copyright 2020 – CONFIDENTIAL 18AGENDA
Introduction
Next Street Project Profile: Office of Violence Prevention
Discussion
Next Street Financial LLC © Copyright 2020 – CONFIDENTIAL 19DISCUSSION
1
What role do you think the police should play in public safety? How can
policy uphold principles of antiracism?
2
What have you learned from this discussion as it applies to antiracism? How
has this furthered your thinking about Next Street as an antiracist institution?
Instructions:
• 30 min: Discuss these questions as a group
• 5 min: Align on two main takeaways that you want to share with the large group and
identify one person to share with the group
• 25 min: Each group to report out key discussions and commitments to the full group
Next Street Financial LLC © Copyright 2020 – CONFIDENTIAL 20You can also read
