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2nd ICA RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 2019 |1
2nd ICA RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 2019 |2
CONTENTS
WELCOME MESSAGES
Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research and Innovation), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 3
Prof. Datuk TS. Dr. Ahmad Fauzi bin Ismail
The Advisor of 2nd ICA Research Symposium, 4
Prof. Dr. Mohamad Roji bin Sarmidi
The Chairman of 2nd ICA Research Symposium, 5
Dr. Cheng Kian Kai
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PREFACE 6
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TENTATIVE PROGRAMME 7
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SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE MEMBERS 15
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ORGANIZING COMMITTEE MEMBERS 16
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BIOGRAPHY OF KEYNOTE AND INVITED SPEAKERS 19
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ABSTRACTS
Keynote 26
Oral Presentations 27
Poster Presentations 53
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LIST OF SPONSORS 79
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NOTES 81
2nd ICA RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 2019 |3 MESSAGE FROM Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research and Innovation) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Prof. Datuk TS. Dr. Ahmad Fauzi bin Ismail Assalamualaikum WBT, I wish you all a hearty welcome to all participants of the 2nd Innovation Centre in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocessing (ICA) Research Symposium 2019. This symposium is an excellent opportunity for all participants from industry, university and agencies to interact with professionals in the field of agriculture and technology. I express my grateful thanks to the symposium organiser, collaborators, and contributors to make this event a success. PROFESSOR DATUK TS. DR. AHMAD FAUZI BIN ISMAIL Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research and Innovation) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
2nd ICA RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 2019 |4 MESSAGE FROM The Advisor of 2nd ICA Research Symposium, Prof. Dr. Mohamad Roji bin Sarmidi Assalamualaikum WBT and Greetings everyone, It is my great pleasure to warmly welcome you to the 2nd Innovation Centre in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocessing (ICA) Research Symposium 2019. I also would like to express my highest appreciation to the organizing committee for their remarkable effort in making this conference a reality. It is a huge honor for me to sit under the same roof together with the best speakers, professors, experts, and researchers from all around the world to share and discuss about the issues and challenges arising in today’s world of agriculture. Let’s hope that this symposium can inspire new ideas, inventions, planning and discoveries for the betterment of agriculture. Finally, I wish all of you to have a successful and prosperous conference. Thank you. PROF. DR. MOHAMAD ROJI BIN SARMIDI Advisor, 2nd ICA Research Symposium
2nd ICA RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 2019 |5 MESSAGE FROM The Chairman of 2nd ICA Research Symposium, Dr. Cheng Kian Kai Ladies and Gentlemen, It is my great pleasure to welcome you to the 2nd ICA Research Symposium 2019 here in Pagoh. This year, the theme of the symposium is “Agriculture and Food Innovation” focusing on recent advancement in agriculture technology and food science research. This symposium is an event organized by Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, in collaboration with the Malaysian Ministry of Education, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, International Islamic University Malaysia and Politeknik Tun Syed Nasir at Pagoh Higher Education Hub. Together, the symposium will provide a platform for the exchange of authoritative views by leading researchers as well as industrial leaders in this exciting field. It will also provide a great opportunity to all participants to share latest research findings and innovative ideas in agriculture and food science with professionals from academia and industry. I am certain we will find the symposium rewarding and enjoyable with opportunity for friendship and collaboration. I wish to express my heartfelt appreciation to members of Organizing Committee for their hardwork and preseverance, distinguish keynote speakers, paper presenters, participants and also to sponsors and exhibitors for their contribution in making 2nd ICA Research Symposium 2019 a success. Finally, I wish all participants to have a delightful and stimulating symposium. Thank you. DR. CHENG KIAN KAI Chairman of the 2nd ICA Research Symposium 2019
2nd ICA RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 2019 |6
PREFACE
The 2nd ICA Research Symposium (ICARS) 2019 is organized by Universiti Teknologi
Malaysia, in collaboration with the Malaysian Ministry of Education, Universiti Tun
Hussein Onn Malaysia, International Islamic University Malaysia and Politeknik Tun
Syed Nasir. The 2nd ICA Research Symposium 2019 will provide a platform for the
exchange of authoritative views by leading researchers as well as industrial leaders in
agriculture technology and food science research.
The 2nd ICARS 2019 will feature a comprehensive scientific programme highlighting the
biotic, natural & organic farming, beneficial microorganism, bioactive compounds for
health & wellness, nutrient dense & functional food, and socioeconomics in agriculture &
food production. It will also include areas of current interest such as sustainable
environment, Internet of Things (IoT) & precision farming. The scientific programme
will culminate with leading industry players that will see practicality for the latest
development of agriculture technology and food science research.
Since its inception in 2018, the ICARS annually attracts researchers, scientists, young
professionals, and industry player from agriculture and food sector to network and
exchange scientific and case studies on a wide range of agriculture technology and food
science issue.
The organizing committee sincerely hopes that this symposium provides all involved
with interesting and multidimensional perspectives and relevant information which is
useful for your professional and personal use. Finally, we hope that this 2nd ICARS 2019
opens up new opportunities for delegates to contribute and exchange ideas with like-
minded peers in the field of agriculture technology and food science.
2nd ICA RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 2019 |7
TENTATIVE PROGRAMME
TIME PROGRAMME
0730 – 0800 Registration
Welcoming speech by Dr. Cheng Kian Kai, Director, Innovation Centre
in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocessing, Universiti Teknologi
Malaysia
0800 – 0830
Opening speech by Prof. Dr. Rosli bin Md. Illias, Dean, Research
Alliance of Health and Wellness, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Opening Ceremony
Keynote – “Soil Health and Nutrient Dense Crops” by Prof. Dr. Mohamad
0830 – 0850 Roji Sarmidi, Innovation Centre in Agritechnology for Advanced
Bioprocessing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Industry – “Smart Farming: Revolutionizing The Malaysian Agriculture
0850 – 0910 Industry” by Mr. Lau Bik Soon, Group Chief Executive Officer, REDtone
International Berhad
0910 – 0940 Group photo, morning tea break & poster session
Session 1 (Chaired by Dr. Cheng Kian Kai):
0940 – 0950
• Nutrient dense & functional food
• Bioactives compound for health & wellness
Session 2 (Chaired by Dr. Nor Zalina Othman):
1100 – 1220
• Sustainable environment
• Agriculture and food technology
1220 – 1400 Lunch & Poster Session
Industry – “EM and Microbiome” by Mr. Yoshitaka Fukugauchi, Country
1400 – 1420
Manager, EMRO Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.
Industry - “Embracing sustainable agriculture with EM technology” by
1420 – 1440
Mr. Jeff Tai, Director, Zenxin Agriculture Sdn. Bhd.
2nd ICA RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 2019 |8
Session 3 (Chaired by Dr. Umi Aisah Asli):
1440 – 1550 • Internet of Things (IoT) & precision farming
• Sustainable environment
• Other topics
1550 – 1610 Break & Poster Session
Session 4 (Chaired by Dr. Ong Pei Ying):
1600 – 1700
• Sustainable environment
• Other topics
1700 – 1715 Closing Ceremony
1715 until
Buffet Dinner
end
2nd ICA RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 2019 |9
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
SESSION 1
Nutrient dense & functional food
Bioactives compound for health & wellness
Amino acid profiling for Clean and Unclean
1 Nurul Alia Azmi 0950 - 1000
Edible Bird’s Nest
Effect of Aqueous Extraction Temperature
Dr. Noor Soffalina
2 1000 - 1010 on Physicochemical Properties of Okra
Sofian Seng
Gum (Abelmoschus esculentus)
Momordica charantia suppresses
3 Lee Shi Yan 1010 - 1020 inflammation and glycolysis in LPS-
activated RAW264.7 cells
Use of antioxidant active gelatin films to
Dr. Noorul Syuhada enhance the oxidative stability of cooked
4 1020 - 1030
Mohd Razali chicken breast meat stored in aerobic and
vacuum-skin packaging conditions
Enhancing The Total Phenolic Content and
Rachael Kaur A/P Jagjit
5 1030 - 1040 Antioxidant in Dates Fruit By Applying
Singh
UVC Radiation
Antioxidant properties of Hylocereus
Siti Nor Azlina Abd
6 1040 - 1050 polyrhizus aqueous extract and its effect to
Rashid
lipid stability in bakery product on muffin
Characterization of pyroligneous acid
Raja Safazliana Raja
7 1050 - 1100 produced from microwave-assisted
Sulong
treatment of palm kernel shell
SESSION 2
Biotic, natural and organic farming
Beneficial microorganism
Dr. Mohd Fitri Mohd Designing of organic fertilizer from food
8 1110 - 1120
Yakub waste
Volatile organic compounds produced by
Dr. Raja Kamarulzaman
9 1120 - 1130 fermentation process of stingless bee
Raja Ibrahim
honey
Aiman Farhana Entrapment of Volvariella Volvacea Spores
10 1130 - 1140
Azaddin in Electrospun Nanofibers Mats
A short review on recent development of
Norsyafiqah Amalina
11 1140 - 1150 laccase immobilization on different
Ahmad Jafri
support materials
Potential of Ficus carica leaf extract in
12 Norashikin Anjur 1150 - 1200 bacterial disease treatment of Tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus) in vivo
Effect of Organic Pesticide in Controlling
13 Dr. Norahim Ibrahim 1200 - 1210
Pest and Disease in Capsicum Cultivation
Phenotypic and Genetic Variation of
14 Zulaikha Sarobo 1210 - 1220
Capsicum annuum Germplasm Collection
2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 10
SESSION 3
Internet of Things (IoT) & precision farming
Sustainable environment
Other topics
Nur Alyani Nadhiya Control and monitoring system for
15 1450 - 1500
Fakharulrazi livestock feeding time via smartphone
Dr. Mohd Fitri Mohd Building a smart gardening system and
16 1500 - 1510
Yakub plant monitoring using IoT
Ainur Nalisa Abd Quality Assessment of Meats Using FT-IR
17 Rashid / Dr. Saliza 1510 - 1520 Spectroscopy, Texture Analyzer, Color
Asman Spectrophotometer and Image Analysis
Nuraznee Mashodi / Detection of Extra Virgin Olive Oil
18 1520 - 1530
Saliza binti Asman Adulteration Using FTIR Spectroscopy
Anis Shahira Nor Dye-Adsorption Characteristics of Biochar
19 1530 - 1540
Effendi Produced From Coconut Husk
Intelligent Home 1.0 System Based on
20 Mustafa Kamal Surif 1540 - 1550
Arduino Platform
SESSION 4
Sustainable environment
Other topics
Rapid Discrimination of Porcine and
Tilapia Gelatin using Fourier Transform
Dr. Norhidayu
21 1610 - 1620 Infrared- Attenuated Total Reflection
Muhamad Zain
(FTIR-ATR) combined with 2 Dimensional
Infrared (2DIR) Correlation Analysis
Production of Pre-Treatment Agent of
22 Thanes Vengades 1620 - 1630
Used Cooking Oil Using Paddy Husk
Dr. Syaripah Za'imah Bioproduct From Chicken Waste Using
23 1630 - 1640
Haji Syed Jaapar Ultrasonic Extraction Method
Utilization of Used Cooking Oil and
Methivanan A/L
24 1640 - 1650 Cassava Peel as Degradable Bioplastic
Loganathan
Film
Production Of Corrosion Inhibitor By
25 Azmir Iqbal Ibrahim 1650 - 1700 Using Piperine From Black Pepper (Piper
Nigrium)2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 11
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
Session: 1200 - 1400
Acute toxicity study of local Ziziphus mauritiana (bidara)
1 Dr. Arnida Hani Teh
fruit extract
Characterisation of Asystasia gangetica and Phyllanthus
Dr. Ozahrah Hasan
2 niruri Extracts: Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant and
Basir
Antibacterial Activities
Dr. Nadiatur Akmar
3 A1 and A2 milk: A Review
Zulkifli
Plant growth performance of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars
4 Mohd Farid Ismail influenced by different fertilizer application rate and
method under biotic farming condition
Effect of organic and inorganic fertilization on soil organic
Nur Amalina Mohd
5 matter, carbon and nitrogen accumulation in a newly
Ropi
cultivated farmland
Session: 0850 - 0920
Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation in Abelmoschus
Norfakhrina Mohd esculentus, and Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis
6
Noor treated with different fertilizer regime Under Polyculture
System
Monoculture vs Polyculture System: Effect of culture
7 Noorafizah Dzahir system on Okra, Yardlong Bean, Water Spinach Root
Growth
Germination and Vegetative Performance of F1 and F2
8 Salimah Ab Malik
Generations of Okra
Zaheda Mohamad Nutritional Requirements for Growth of Azotobacter
19
Azam chroococcum with Potential as Biofertilizer
The response of extracellular soil enzyme activities under
10 Suhir Sulaiman
different treatment of fertilizer in polycropping system
Energy conversion from human heat into electricity using
11 Mohd Azlan Jalal
thermoelectric generator
The effects of Weeping Willow (Salix babylonica) grounds
Mohd Nadzreen
12 in soil mix as growing media for Choy Sum (Brassica
Hidayat Sarjuni
chinensis Var. Parachinensis)
Interaction of rutin with selected polyphenols affects its
13 Khairunnisa Embi
total antioxidant activity
Potential of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Extract as
14 Norashikin Anjur
Antiparasite in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Culture
In Vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of
15 Nur Fashya Musa
Garcinia cambogia
16 Rozaliana Ab Karim Vertical Cultivation System for Sustainable Farming
A Rafidah A Mohd Development and Sensory Attributes of Mixed Bitter Gourd
17
Yunos (Momordica charantia) and Green Apple Juice
Puvendaran A/L
18 Synthesis of Natural Coagulant from Petai Belalang Peel
Neelamalai
Relationship between the Exchangeable bases and the Soil
19 Hajar Aminah A. Karim Cation Exchange Capacity: Case Studies of Oil Palm
Plantation in Malacca2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 12
The Simultaneously Deinking and Bioethanol production of
20 Mohamad Azzuan Rosli Recycle Office Paper to Enhance Environmental
Sustainability
The Preparation of Pour Point Depressant of Waxy Crude
21 Kausalyaa
Oil
Optimization of cell mass production and functional
22 Nur Sazwani Daud characteristic of exopolysaccharide from Paenibacillus
polymyxa
The Effect of Solid-To-Liquid Ratio and Particle Size on the
23 Norliza Abdul Latiff
Extraction of Quercitrin from Cosmos Caudatus (C.C)
Development of an integrative process for the production
Dr. Norfahana Abd
24 of microbial biomass protein (MBP) from rice straw for
Talib
animal feeds application
A development of a model on Human Resource
Zaheed Husein
25 Management for the sustainability of the Agriculture sector
Mohammad Al Din
in Bangladesh2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 13
2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 14
2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 15
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE MEMBERS
Mohamad Roji Sarmidi, Prof. Dr. (UTM)
Cheng Kian Kai, Dr. (UTM)
Umi Aisah Asli, Dr. (UTM)
Nor Zalina Othman, Dr. (UTM)
Nicole Leong Hong Yeng, Dr. (UTM)
Muhammad Helmi Nadri, Dr. (UTM)
Ong Pei Ying, Dr. (UTM)
Lee Chew Tin, Prof. Dr. (UTM)
Harisun Yaakob, Dr. (UTM)
Rosnani Hasham @ Hisam, Dr. (UTM)
Saleha Shahar, Dr. (UTM)
Yanti Maslina Mohd Jusoh, Dr. (UTM)
Shakila Abdullah, Dr. (UTM)
Mohd Hefni Rusli, Dr. (MPOB)
Wan Abd Al-Qadr Imad Wan Mohtar, Dr. (UM)
Saiful Irwan Zubairi, Dr. (UKM)
Aida Firdaus Muhammad Nurul Azmi, Dr. (UiTM)
Wong Won Fen, Dr. (UM)
Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar, Prof. Madya Ts. Dr. (UTHM)
Razauden Mohamed Zulkifli, Dr. (UTM)
Samshul Amry Abdul Latif, Dr. (UIAM)
Norahim Ibrahim, Dr. (UTM)
Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan Salleh, Dr. (UPSI)
Zainul Akmar Zakaria, Prof. Madya Dr. (UTM)
Asraf Fizree Mohamad@Abdullah, (Politeknik Jeli, KPM)
Lee Ting Hun, Dr. (UTM)
Sity Aishah Mansur, Dr. (UTHM)
Nadirul Hasraf Mat Nayan, Dr. (UTHM)2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 16
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE MEMBERS
ADVISOR
Prof. Dr. Mohamad Roji Sarmidi
CHAIRMAN
Dr. Cheng Kian Kai
VICE CHAIRMAN
Dr. Nicole Leong Hong Yeng
SECRETARY Publicity
Mohd Farid Rahmat Mohd Farid Ismail
Rozaliana Ab Karim Mohammad Azhari Abdul Rahman
Nor Azilah Abd Aziz Khairul Nizam Hamzah
Noraimy Kamisan
Marketing
TREASURER Dr. Aidee Kamal Khamis
Aini Fariza Ahmad Muhammad Rahmat Naim Ab Rahman
Rafidah Abdul Rahim
Noor Azizah Hj. Mansor Logistic
Abd Salihul Halim Wagiman Khairilanuar Mohd Hanim
Mohd Azlan Jalal
AUDITOR (post event)
Nurul Aishah Husin Safety
Shahwalludin Ghazali
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEES Hairulnizam Gendot
Dr. Muhammad Helmi Nadri
A.Rafidah A. Mohd Yunos Hospitality
Muhammad Hazim Yusof Siti Nor Azlina Abd Rashid
Salimah Ab Malik
COMMITTEES Khairunnisa Embi
Registration
Sponsorship
Siti Norsalihin Md Radzi
Dr. Umi Aisah Asli
Hajar Aminah A. Karim
Noorafizah Dzahir
Pre Symposium Workshop
Nurliza Abd Rahman
Dr. Nor Zalina Othman
Rafizah Rauf
Zaheda Mohamad Azam
Siti Saadiyah Ismail
Mohamad Azzuan Rosli
Nardhiha Nadia Mastan
Post Symposium Open Day
Dr. Ong Pei Ying
Mohd Nadzreen Hidayat Sarjuni
Zulaikha Sarobo2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 17
2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 18 BIOGRAPHY OF KEYNOTE AND INVITED SPEAKERS
2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 19
Keynote Speaker 1
Prof. Dr. Mohamad Roji Sarmidi
Innovation Centre in Agritechnology for Advanced Biprocessing
Biography
Prof. Dr. Mohamad Roji bin Sarmidi is a Professor of Bioprocess Engineering at
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM). His research interests is in the development of
novel bioproducts for human health and wellness. He is the Chairman of the board of
directors of Phyto Biznet Sdn Bhd, a spin off company providing wellness solutions for
healthy living. He is also the Deputy President of the Association of Nutritional Medicine
Practitioners Malaysia (MNMedP). He was the recipient of the 11th National Academy
Award under the Product Innovation and Commercialization category in 2017.2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 20
Invited Speaker 1
Mr. Jeff Tai
Director of Zenxin Agriculture Sdn Bhd
Biography
Mr. Jeff Tai, born on April 1981, is the eldest son of Mr. Tai Kok Kong. He was doing
research since year 2004 in Nanyang Technological University for 3 years and achieved
his Master of Sciences (Life Sciences). Before this, he graduates as Bachelor of Scienced
(Biochemistry) from National University of Singapore in 2003. He completed his
secondary education in Kluang Chong Hwa Chinese School in year 1999.
He joined Zenxin Agri-Organic Food Sdn Bhd at year 2007, whi involved in the organic
fruits and vegetable crops cultivation. At the same time, he manages organic fertilizer
division of Zenxin Agriculture Sdn Bhd and is responsible for technical and operation of
the fertilizer factory. With his research background and years of experience and
knowledge in the agriculture industry, he effectively leads the fertilizer division to
another pinnacle.
In year 2012, he became the Executive Director of Zenxin Plantation Sdn Bhd, who leads
the management of the oil palm estates operation nationwide for the land bank of 4,200
acres.
In year 2015, he became the Director of Zenxin Agriculture Sdn Bhd, who take charge of
sales and marketing department of the layer farm with daily production of 600,000 eggs
daily.2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 21
Invited Speaker 2
Mr. Yoshitaka Fukugauchi
Country Manager, EMRO Malaysia SdnBhd
Biography
Mr. Yoshitaka Fukugauchi has been working in EM Research Organization in Okinawa,
Japan, since 1996. He was active in the African continent and was a manager in South
Asia, before moving to Malaysia in 2012 to promote EM Technology in Malaysia,
Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines, Australia and New Zealand. Mr. Fukugauchi is
currently the Managing Director of EMRO Malaysia in Johor.2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 22
Invited Speaker 3
Mr. Lau Bik Soon
Group Chief Executive Officer, REDtone International Bhd.
Biography
Mr. Lau Bik Soon was appointed to the Board of Directors of the Company on 13 August
2008. He assumed the position of REDtone’s Group Chief Executive Officer on 8 July
2011. Mr. Lau has a First Class Honours Degree in Electrical Engineering from University
Technology Malaysia.
Having guided the Company to achieve a firm footing in the data and broadband space,
Mr. Lau will continue to play a significant role in driving REDtone as it expands its
spectrum of services. He was awarded the 2014 Asia Pacific Entrepreneurship Awards, a
regional award for outstanding entrepreneurship.
His extensive experience in the ICT and telecommunications industry spans over 24
years during which he held key positions with international organizations such as Cisco
Systems, Sun Microsystems, Compaq Computer, TQC Consultant (IT Division) Sdn Bhd
and Motorola. He won numerous sales management excellence awards and accolades
during his time there. Prior to joining REDtone, he was the Country Manager for Hitachi
Data Systems Malaysia.2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 23
2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 24
2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 25 ABSTRACTS
2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 26
Keynote
Soil Health and Nutrients Dense Crops
Prof. Dr. Mohamad Roji Sarmidi
Innovation Centre in Agritechnology for Advanced Biprocessing, University Teknologi
Malaysia
Malaysia allocates about 7.8 million hectares of agriculture land for the planting of cash, food,
plantation and horticulture crops providing sustainable economic growth and food security.
Thus it is important to maintain and enhance the quality of the agriculture land to ensure a
sustainable future. The presentation is to cover the role of healthy soil in the production of
sustainable high yield nutrient dense crops for the support of healthy population. The role of
nutrient dense crop for the support of a healthy cellular metabolism will be highlighted.
Practical method to promote soil health and soil remineralization will presented. Healthy soil
with the appropriate physical-chemical-biological parameters provide the plants with optimum
access to water, air and nutrients for optimum growth. Healthy nutrient dense crops are crucial
for the health grazing animals and human population as nutrient dense crops exhibit a higher
content of micronutrients, minerals and phytochemicals. In addition, nutrients dense crops are
superior in their taste, texture and aroma and are known to a have a longer shelf life. Their
resistant to plant diseases and pest are also higher so are their productivity. By having a healthy
relationship with agriculture land, our health and wellbeing are rest assured.2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 27 ORAL PRESENTATIONS
2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 28
Oral presentation 1
Amino acid profiling for cleaned and uncleaned edible bird’s nest
N.A. Azmi1, T.H. Lee1*, & C.H. Lee1
1Schoolof Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor
Abstract
Edible Bird’s Nest (EBN) is a secretion produced by swiftlets. It is traditionally used as
natural health supplement and functional food. It is one of the most expensive animal
by-products. The quality of EBN in the current market is solely based on the physical
appearance but not based on in its composition. Hence, the purpose of this study was to
develop a standardized sample preparation method and to analyze the amino acid
profile for the cleaned and uncleaned EBN. A total of 65 samples were randomly
collected from 13 states in Malaysia (5 pieces each states). Amino acid composition of
EBN samples were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
Data obtained was analysed by Independent t-test analysis, Person Correlation analysis,
Principal Component analysis and Orthogonal Partial Least Square Discriminant analysis
(OPLS-DA). There was significant difference between cleaned and uncleaned EBN in all
amino acids detected except glycine, tryptophan, alanine and proline. There were highly
significant different correlations among amino acids in cleaned and uncleaned EBN
samples. The model constructed by OPLS-DA was found to be a promising tool with high
predictive power of 76.1%. Robustness of the model was validated and blind test
samples were correctly assigned to their respective cluster. In addition, this analysis was
able to select statistically significant components according to Variable Importance on
Projection (VIP). Our methodology clarified significant difference between cleaned and
uncleaned EBN and providing new insights to the EBN study.
Keywords: edible bird’s nest, quality indicator, cleaned and uncleaned samples, amino
acid
* Corresponding author
Name: Dr. Lee Ting Hun
Address: School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor
Email: leetinghun@utm.my2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 29
Oral presentation 2
Effect of aqueous extraction temperature on physicochemical properties of okra
gum (Abelmoschus esculentus)
N.-S. Sofian-Seng1*, & Z. H. Rashid Ridha1
1Centre for Biotechnology and Functional Food, Faculty of Science and Technology,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor.
Abstract
Okra gum is the polysaccharides-rich mucilage obtained from okra (Abelmoschus
esculentus). This work aims to determine the physicochemical properties of extracted
okra gum at different aqeuous extraction temperature (25, 40, 60, and 80℃).
Physicochemical analyses include determination of water holding capacity, viscosity,
Total Phenolic Content (TPC) as well as antioxidant activities (2,2-diferil-1-picrihydrazyl
Radical Scavenging Activity (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP)
analyses). Results showed that the yield of extracted okra gum has no significant
difference (p>0.05) at extraction temperature of 25℃ and 40℃. However, 60℃ and 80℃
showed significant increase (p2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 30
Oral presentation 3
Momordica charantia suppresses inflammation and glycolysis in LPS-activated
RAW264.7 cells
Shi Yan Lee1, Won Fen Wong2, & Kian-Kai Cheng1*
1 Innovation Centre in Agritechnology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 84600 Pagoh, Johor,
Malaysia
2Departmentof Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603
Kuala Lumpur.
Abstract
Momordica charantia, also known as bitter gourd, is a climber that is widely cultivated
and available in Asia, India, East Africa, and South America. Although M. charantia is
known for its anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activities, the mechanism of its anti-
inflammatory action is yet to be fully understood. The current study aimed to examine
the bioactivity of M. charantia in modulating LPS-induced inflammation in murine RAW
264.7 macrophages. Briefly, real-time PCR was applied to analyze the expression of
genes involved in inflammatory pathway and glucose metabolism in the
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated RAW264.7 cells treated with or without M. charantia.
The current results showed that the mRNA level of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as
IL6, TNF-α, IL1B, glycolytic gene such as HK2 and the main glucose transporter GLUT1
were upregulated significantly by LPS. Notably, these changes in gene expression can be
inhibited by M. charantia treatment. Furthermore, M. charantia was found to inhibit
LPS-induced on NF-κB (p65) nuclear translocation, which can be linked to
downregulation of IκB-α phosphorylation. Previously, upregulated glycolysis, also
known as the Warburg effect, has been associated with inflammation event in RAW264.7
cells. Consistently, our results showed that induction with LPS increased the
consumption of glucose and lactate production in activated RAW264.7 cells, but the
upregulated glycolysis can be inhibited by M. charantia treatment. Taken together, the
current study provided evidence suggesting an association between anti-inflammatory
activity of M. charantia with downregulation of glucose metabolism. The current
findings contribute to the accumulating evidences showing the potential of M. charantia
in providing therapeutic effect to inflammation and inflammation-related disorders.
Keywords: Momordica charantia, anti-inflammation, glucose metabolism, gene
expression, macrophage
* Corresponding author
Name: Dr. Cheng Kian Kai
Address: Innovation Centre in Agritechnology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 84600
Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia
Tel: 06-9742801
Email: chengkiankai@utm.my2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 31
Oral presentation 4
Use of Antioxidant Active Gelatin Films to Enhance the Oxidative Stability of
Cooked Chicken Breast Meat Stored in Aerobic and Vacuum-skin Packaging
Conditions.
M. R. Noorul Syuhada1*, M. O’Grady2, & J. P. Kerry2
1Centre for Biotechnology and Functional Food, Faculty of Science and Technology,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
2Food Packaging Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Science,
Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Ireland
Abstract
Two mixtures of grape seed, olive leaf and sweet chestnut bark (GS/OL/CB1 and
GS/OL/CB2) and tea catechin (TC) extract (positive control) were incorporated into
active gelatin films at two concentrations (0.7 and 1.5 mg/ml). The effect of active films
on the oxidative stability of cooked chicken breast meat was examined. Film solutions
were casted and dried (25°C, 50% RH) for 48 hr. The thickness, colour, light
transmission, opacity, water vapour permeability (WVP) and oxygen permeability (OP)
of control and active films were investigated. Cooked-sliced-cored chicken breast
samples were overwrapped with control and active films and stored in aerobic and
vacuum-skin packaging at 4°C for up to 6 and 18 days, respectively. The ability of active
films in influencing the lipid oxidation of cooked chicken was investigated. Both
concentrations of the active films had similar thickness, contact angle and WVP relative
to the controls. High concentration TC films had lower (p2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 32
Oral presentation 5
Enhancing The Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant in Dates Fruit by
Treatment with UVC Radiation
Rachael Kaur Jagjit Singh1*, Ainnur Balqis Zulikiflee1, Nor Hairul Palal1, Rahimawati
Abdul Rahim1
1Politeknik Tun Syed Nasir Syed Ismail, Hab Pendidikan Tinggi Pagoh, KM 1 Jalan
Panchor 84600 Pagoh, Johor
Abstract
Dates are important cause there are believe to be rich in nutrients and has many
beneficial nutrients particularly polyphenols which have antioxidant properties.
Previously, UV-C radiation was found to promote antioxidant and bioactive compounds
of fresh fruit and vegetables. The aim of this study was to enhance the total phenolic
content and antioxidant activity by applying UV radiation in Medjool dates fruit, leading
more bioactive compounds available for extraction. In this study, small cube of dates
were placed under a UV lamp for different duration while untreated dates was used as a
control. The total phenolic content and antioxidant were significantly affected by UV-C
radiation. A longer treatment time led to the higher amount of total phenolic content and
antioxidant activity. Notably, the UV radiation exposure are more effective at 180
seconds than other time limit to increase the antioxidant and total phenolic content in
Medjool date fruits. The results of this study showed that UV-C treatment has the
potential to increase the extraction of bioactive compounds of dates fruits. Dates fruit is
considered a source of antioxidant.
Keywords: Medjool dates, UV-C radiation, Antioxidant, Total phenolic
* Corresponding author
Name: Rachael Kaur A/P Jagjit Singh
Address: No 3 Jalan St3 Lot 3521 Kampung Baru Kundang 48050 Rawang Selangor
Tel: 018-4004236
Email: rachaelkaur99@gmail.com2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 33
Oral presentation 6
Antioxidant properties of Hylocereus polyrhizus aqueous extract and its effect to
lipid stability in bakery product on muffin
Siti Nor Azlina Abd Rashid1*, Noriham Abdullah2, Cheng Kian Kai1, Leong Hong Yeng1
1 Innovation Centre in Agritechnology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 84600 Pagoh,
Johor, Malaysia
2 Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), 40450, Shah Alam,
Selangor, Malaysia
Abstract
Baked goods contained high amount of fat and are prone to oxidative rancidity that can
decrease its shelf life to less than a week. Synthetic preservatives have commonly been
used in commercial bakery products. The use of synthetic preservatives has long been a
concerned for its safety and long-term health effects. Due to this, safe and natural
preservatives is highly demanded. The bright red colour of red pitaya fruit (Hylocereus
polyrhizus) has gained increasing interest for its antioxidative potential to be used as
natural preservatives. In this study, aqueous extract of skin and flesh of pitaya fruit were
analysed for its antioxidant activity and its effect on the oxidative stability of fat in
muffin was investigated. Firstly, the antioxidant activity of the red pitaya flesh and peel
aqueous extracts were determined. The total phenolic contents (TPC) and the
antioxidant activity were analyzed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical
scavenging (DPPH) assay and its IC50 were compared to synthetic antioxidant; butylated
hydroxyanisole (BHA). Then, the extract with the highest properties of antioxidant was
added into muffin and its effect on the quality of muffin were determined by using
peroxide value (PV) assay. The TPC of the flesh and peel were 0.21 mg g-1 and 0.25mg g-1
gallic acid equivalent respectively. The IC50 DPPH scavenging power of peel and flesh
extract is 2900 ppm and 3270 ppm respectively. The peel aqueous extract was then
chosen to be added into muffins and the PV analysis showed that the extract was able to
delay the oxidative rancidity of fat in the muffin and extend its shelf life for more than 8
days and were comparable to BHT. The study indicated that the aqueous peel extract
from pitaya has strong antioxidant properties and can be used as a potential natural
antioxidant in food to prolong the shelf life.
Keywords: Hylocereus polyrhizus, antioxidants, lipids, muffin, peroxide value
* Corresponding author
Name : Siti Nor Azlina Bt Abd Rashid
Address: Innovation Centre in Agritechnology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 84600
Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia
Tel. no.: 06-9742859
Email: sitinorazlina@utm.my2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 34
Oral presentation 7
Characterization of pyroligneous acid produced from microwave-assisted
treatment of palm kernel shell
R.S. Raja Sulong2, S.E. Zulkifli2, R. Hasham2, & Z.A. Zakaria1*
1Schoolof Chemical & Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi
Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
2Instituteof Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor
Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
Abstract
Oil palm plantation is one of the largest cultivation in Malaysia. The massive production
of palm oil has led to huge palm oil biomass by product such as palm kernel shell that
has become an increasingly threatening environmental issue. Conversion of biomass
through microwave pyrolysis has become one of the solutions to manage the abundance
of biomass. Therefore, the aim of this study was to utilize the palm kernel shell for the
production of pyroligneous acid (PA) by using microwave-assisted pyrolysis which
would then be evaluated for its total phenolic content (TPC) and scavenging DPPH free
radicals. Pyroligneous acid of palm kernel shell will be produced from the condensation
of smoke generated during pyrolysis process. From this study, the TPC observed was
49.96 mg GAE/g, whereas for the IC50, DPPH value obtained was, 66.19 µg/mL.
Pyroligneous acid produced during the pyrolysis process has the potential to be applied
in various applications and could serve as an alternative eco-friendly source of natural
antioxidant.
Keywords: Biomass, Palm Kernel Shell, microwave-assisted pyrolysis, pyroligneous acid
* Corresponding author
Name: PM Dr Zainul Akmar bin Zakaria
Address: School of Chemical & Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
Tel: 012-6270423
Email: zainul@ibd.utm.my2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 35
Oral presentation 8
Designing of organic fertilizer from food waste through implementation of
internet of things
M.N. Baba1, L.F. Zhao1, A. Rafiq1, H.H. Yudu1, N.A. Fakharulrazi2, F. Yakub2*, A. Azizan3
1Department of Electronic System Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of
Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2Wind Engineering for Environment Laboratory, Malaysia-Japan International Institute
of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
3Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to build a fully automated composting machine that can
help to reduce food waste using a more efficient and environmental friendly method.
This machine has its special features of heating, cooling and grinding which is simple
and easy to use for every consumer at just one touch of a button. In addition, it uses a
special filter to eliminate unpleasant odor to ensure consumer’s peace of mind. The
process of composting uses node microcontroller (MCU) to run its operation and using
Internet of Things (IoT) with a developed mobile application to measure the amount of
food waste, current process and its moisture content before turning the waste into high
nutrient flakes at around 10% of its original volume. It will also notify the consumer
when the whole process is done and the final product is ready to use. The produced
flakes are good for nurturing soils, use as fertilizer, and renewable source of energy or
animal feed. The benefit is to help reduce handling cost at landfill. Excessive logistical
energy is required to send food waste to landfill if applied conventional equipment. This
product has a high potential to penetrate the end users who usually cooks at home and
also the industrial food manufacturer, whether from medium to large which produces a
lot of raw waste. Essentially, this machine can result less food waste been thrown
through implementation of IoT and change it to usable fertilizer also helps in pest
control.
Keywords: food waste, automated composting machine, MCU microcontroller, Internet
of Things
* Corresponding author
Name: Fitri Yakub
Address: Wind Engineering for Environment Laboratory, Malaysia-Japan International
Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Tel. no.: 03-22031286
Email: mfitri.kl@utm.my2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 36
Oral presentation 9
Volatile organic compounds produced by fermentation process of stingless bee
honey
R.K. Raja Ibrahim1,2*, K.N.A. Mohammed Hassan1, & H.H. J. Sapingi1,2
1,2 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310
UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
2Laser Centre T05, Ibnu Sina ISI/SIR, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM
Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
Abstract
This work focuses on analyzing stingless bee honey quality based on volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) produced by natural fermentation process of honey.
Fresh stingless bee honey harvested at the same bee farm was divided into eight
samples with each contains 100 ml and filled into a tight container. The VOCs
produced was then collected and filled into a gas chamber with 8 m effective
optical pathlength. Fourier transformed infrared spectrometer (FTIR) was used to
detect and subsequently quantify the VOCs collected from each honey sample over
a month period. FTIR results revealed that ethanol, acetic acid, and methanol are
among VOCs produced by the process. FTIR analysis of VOCs profile suggested that
it has potential to be used in determining stingless bee honey quality and purity.
Keywords: VOCs, stingless bee honey, FTIR, ethanol
* Corresponding author
Name: Raja Kamarulzaman Raja Ibrahim
Address: Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
Tel: 019-7544121
Email: rkamarulzaman@utm.my2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 37
Oral presentation 10
Entrapment of Volvariella Volvacea Spores in Electrospun Nanofibers Mats
Aiman Farhana Azaddin1, Roshanida A. Rahman2*, Rosli Md Illias3, Mazura Jusoh4,
Juhana Jaafar5
1Department of Bioprocess, School of Chemical Engineering & Energy Engineering, UTM
2Department of Bioprocess, School of Chemical Engineering & Energy Engineering, UTM
3Department of Bioprocess, School of Chemical Engineering & Energy Engineering, UTM
4Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering & Energy
Engineering, UTM
5Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (Amtec), School of Chemical
Engineering & Energy Engineering
Abstract
Nanofibers mats containing Volariella volvacea spores was prepared by electrospinning
technique. It has been one of the promising and alternative technique in immobilizing
microorganism cells including bacteria, virus and fungi through the entrapment process.
The advantages that offered by the nanosize of the electrospun nanofibers exhibit
outstanding properties includes high porosity and reusability which make them an ideal
candidates for various type of potential application especially in bioprocess
development. In the present study, the spores of Volvariella volvacea was suspended in a
series of polymer solutions (poly (vinyl alcohol) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone) and
subjected to an electrostatic field supplied by the power voltage. The viability of the
entrapped spores was estimated through microorganism cells test by culture the
obtained nanofibers mats on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and studying their growth rate.
Meanwhile, the presence of the spores was determined by using scanning electron
microscopy (SEM). The present result demonstrated that electrospinning process
possess high potential in entrapping and immobilization of living microorganism cells.
Keywords: Entrapment, Electrospinning, Volvariella volvacea, viability
*Corresponding author
Name: PM. Dr. Roshanida binti A. Rahman
Address: Department of Bioprocess, School of Chemical Engineering & Energy
Engineering, Faculty of Engineering
Tel: 013-7520497
Email: roshanida@cheme.utm.my2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 38
Oral presentation 11
A short review on recent development of laccase immobilization on different
support materials
A.J. Norsyafiqah Amalina, A. Noorhalieza, & A.R. Roshanida*
School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi
Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor
Abstract
Laccase is a bio catalytic agents and multi-copper enzyme containing oxidases that has
great potential in oxidizing large number of phenolic and non-phenolic compounds.
However, low stability, high production cost, non-reusability, sensitive towards
denaturing and poor storage ability of free enzymes are the limitations occurred for
large scale use of laccase. These problems lead to the progress in laccase immobilization
in order to facilitate the efficient recovery and re-use of the enzyme, thus enabling cost-
effective in continuous processes. Apart from discussing on different methods in laccase
immobilization such as entrapment, encapsulation and cross-linking in general, we
review a recent development in laccase immobilization on different supports or carriers
binding (natural and synthetic). Future works should focus on the innovative strategies
on the modified supports to improve the enzyme immobilization as well as a sensible
entrapment technique for the industrial application.
Keywords: Laccase, immobilization, support materials
* Corresponding author
Name: PM Dr. Roshanida A. Rahman
Address: School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor.
Tel: 07-5558436
Email: r-anida@utm.my2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 39
Oral presentation 12
Potential of Ficus carica leaf extract in bacterial disease treatment of Tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus) in vivo
A. Norashikin1*, S.F. Sabran1,2, & S.M. Syukri3
1Department of Technology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences and
Technology (FAST), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Pagoh Educational
Hub, 84600 Pagoh, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
2Centre of Research for Sustainable Uses of Natural Resources (CoR-SUNR), Universiti
Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Pagoh Educational Hub, 84600 Pagoh, Muar, Johor,
Malaysia
3Department of Agrotechnology and Bio-industry, Politeknik Sandakan, Education Hub,
Jalan Sg. Batang, Batu 10, 90000 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
Abstract
Fifteen days of study was conducted to observe the potential of Ficus carica leaf extract
in the treatment of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) infected by Aeromonas hydrophila. A.
hydrophila commonly found as pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture. This study is
projected to the application of plant extracts in order to replace antibiotics used towards
green aquaculture. 120 fish were injected intraperitoneally with 0.1ml of A. hydrophila
(106 cfu ml-1) and stock in 12 aquaria (13L). Three concentrations of F. carica leaf
extract (0.3g/L, 0.5g/L and 0.7g/L) were used as the treatment and the control is 0g/L.
Each treatment is in triplicate. Water parameters such as dissolved oxygen, pH and
temperature of the treatment tank were in the range of (4.05 – 4.20 ppm), (7.3 – 8.0)
and (25.6 – 28.8⁰C) respectively. The potential of the extract as a treatment agent in the
infected fish was recorded in term of fish survival and physical condition such as the
sign of bacterial infection and swimming behaviour. The results showed disease tilapia
treated with F. carica leaf extract (0.7g/L) possess the highest survival rate at day 5
(67%) and remain until day 15. Compared to the survival rate of 0%, 33% and 53% for
the concentration F. carica leaf extract 0g/L, 0.3g/L, and 0.5g/L respectively. Treatment
with higher concentration of F. carica leaf extract showed improvement in physical
condition and swimming behaviour of disease Tilapia. It could be concluded that F.
carica leaf extract has potential in treatment of A. hydrophila associate disease in Fish.
Keywords: Ficus carica, Aeromonas hydrophila, bioassay, Oreochromis niluticus, in vivo
* Corresponding author
Name: Norashikin Binti Anjur
Address: Department of Technology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences
and Technology (FAST), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Pagoh
Educational Hub, 84600 Pagoh, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
Tel: 017-4897946
Email: norashikinanjur@gmail.com2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 40
Oral presentation 13
Effect of Organic Pesticide in Controlling Pest and Disease in Capsicum Cultivation
I. Norahim1*
1Faculty of Science, Department of Biosciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310
Abstract
One of the plant pathogens responsible for diseases in chilli cultivation is anthracnose.
Anthracnose disease infected by Colletricum species is one of the diseases that
contributed vastly to the low yield of crop production. Using bio-agricultural practices,
neem extract has become one of the promising antifungal agent in combating
Anthracnose and also an alternative to chemical approach, and was conducted via in
vivo and vitro. For in vivo, the effectiveness of organic pesticides was evaluated via foliar
application. Neem oil and combined application of neem, garlic and chilli at different
concentrations were sprayed at chilli plants and the results were examined 2 months
after the treatment. For in vitro, the efficacy was carried out using food poisoned
technique. Above all, pathogens were isolated from infected leaves. Isolation resulted in
3 different colonies; presumably characterized as C. capsici, C. gloeosporiodes, and C.
truncatum. For foliar application, treated plants showed less defoliation of infected
leaves and newly formed leaves and fruits showed fewer symptoms of Anthracnose
disease and less occurrence of insect biting post foliar application compared to that of
before. Through poisoned food technique, the highest percentage inhibition of mycelial
growth of Colletotrichum sp. was recorded by NGC (1.5%) as compared to neem oil and
NGC with varied concentrations as well as for control. These results conclude that
application of organic pesticide is effective in reducing densities of pests for agricultural
activities.
Keywords: Chilli, plant pathogen, anthracnose, neem, organic pesticide
* Corresponding author
Name: Dr Norahim Bin Ibrahim
Address: Faculty of Science, Department of Biosciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Tel: 07-5557544
Email: norahim@utm.my2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 41
Oral presentation 14
Phenotypic and Genetic Variation of Capsicum annuum Germplasm Collection
Zulaikha S.1*, Sarmidi M.R.1, & Rafii M.Y.2
1Innovation Centre in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocessing (ICA) Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia Pagoh
2Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering (FCEE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
3Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia
Abstract
Capsicum annuum is widely cultivated in Malaysia. However, production of the local chili
varieties is low and very prone to insects and diseases. Breeding program will be a
complementary study to insects and diseases study and agronomic practices.
Introduction and introgression of new germplasm from abroad for local environment
adaptability is very important for development of new superior varieties. This study
aimed to estimate genetic diversity and heritability values of 30 genotypes of C. annum
collected from Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC) and to
identify potential superior accessions with high yield potential, and disease and insect
resistant for future breeding program. The Capsicum annuum genotypes were
characterized for days to flowering (DF), days to maturity (DM), plant height (PH), fruit
yield (FY), fruit length (FL), number of fruit per plant (NFL), leaf area (LA) and disease
score (DS). The data of these traits were subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA),
heritability component and correlation analysis, and multivariate analysis using cluster
analysis based on percent similarity coefficient. Results showed significant differences
for all the traits except on DM and PH at week 8, 10, and 12. High heritability values (>
60%) were observed for DF, FY, FL, DS, LA and, PH at weeks 2 and 4. Through cluster
analysis, Cluster III (AVPP0012, AVPP0904, AVPP9905, and AVPP9813) was the best
cluster as compared to others. In addition, cluster VII (AVPP 0804) was highly tolerance
to mosaic disease. The genotypes in Cluster III had good performance in FY, NFL, DS and
LA while Cluster VII for disease score. These potential genotypes can be recommended
for future breeding program.
Keywords: Genotypes, genetic diversity, Capsicum annuum, heritability component
analysis, cluster analysis
* Corresponding author
Name: Zulaikha binti Sarobo
Address: Innovation Centre in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocessing (ICA),
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Pagoh, Jalan Edu Hub UTM 2, Hub Pendidikan Tinggi
Pagoh, 84600 Pagoh, Johor Darul Takzim
Tel: 06-9742854
Email: zulaikha-s@utm.my2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 42
Oral presentation 15
Control and monitoring system for livestock feeding time via smartphone
K. Aina1, J.S. Eik1, U. Nasrah1, M.A. Ilham1, N.A. Fakharulrazi2, & F. Yakub2*
1 Department of Electronic System Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of
Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2Wind Engineering for Environment Laboratory, Malaysia-Japan International Institute
of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Abstract
The livestock farming sector usually requires a lot of manpower and may face with
problems such as adhering the designated feeding schedule. Therefore, this paper
intends to aid in this sector by bringing the Smart Feeder System. The main objective of
this paper is to control and monitor livestock feeding time using application via
smartphones. This is to ensure that the livestock are fed according to the right schedule.
This paper also highlighted the advantage of the Smart Feeder System where it can be
used to save up money and energy that can be obtained by having less labor workers.
This is because of the hopper storage that can accommodate the food up to three days.
The importance of this system is its ability to automate the feeding system for the
livestock. The Smart Feeder System designed is different from the existing livestock
feeding machines that are available anywhere in the market due the implementation of
Internet of Things into the system. The usage of Internet of Things allows farmers to set
the feeding schedule automatically by using application via smartphone. Besides, users
will also be informed on the weight of food in the storage and food container through the
application. This will allow the users to monitor the food storage and only come to refill
it when it is empty. Farmers can also observe whether the livestock have eaten or not by
getting updated on the food level in the level in the food storage using ultrasonic sensor.
Keywords: Smart Feeder System, livestock farming, Internet of Things
* Corresponding author
Name: Fitri Yakub
Address: Wind Engineering for Environment Laboratory, Malaysia-Japan International
Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Tel: 03-22031286
Email: mfitri.kl@utm.my2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 43
Oral presentation 16
Building a smart gardening system and plant monitoring using IoT
H.S. Miin1, S. Maria1, M.H. Aizam1, M.S. Fauzan1, N.A. Fakharulrazi2, & F. Yakub1,2*
1Department of Electronic System Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of
Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2Wind Engineering for Environment Laboratory, Malaysia-Japan International Institute
of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Abstract
Gardening activities usually required a lot of time and gardeners may face varieties of
problems such as sticking to the designated watering schedule. Thus, this paper intends
to provide a way to solve the risen problems or a way out for the gardeners to deal with
this situation by introducing the Smart Gardening System. By using this system, users
will be able to control and monitor the watering schedule and the sufficiency of lights
while ensuring that the plants are taken care of accordingly. The smart gardening
system is different from the normal gardening products that are already available in the
market because of the implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) in the system to
facilitate the work for its users. By using this home based system, user can set the
watering and lighting schedule automatically by using the designated application via
smartphone. Besides, users will also be notified on the moisture level of soil, light -
exposure and the water level in water tank through the application. This will allow the
users to monitor the watering system and only come to refill it when the water tank is
empty. This system is at advantage as it can run automatically. From this research, the
benefit of smart gardening system is proven via the execution of IoT which requires less
human intervention for the system to operate and also the usage of all kind of sensors
that highlighted the problems faced by gardeners facilitate the work required.
Keywords: Internet of Things, smart gardening system, plant monitoring, prototype,
sensors
* Corresponding author
Name: Fitri Yakub
Address: Wind Engineering for Environment Laboratory, Malaysia-Japan International
Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Tel: 03-22031286
Email: mfitri.kl@utm.my2 n d I C A R E S E A R C H S Y M P O S I U M 2 0 1 9 | 44
Oral presentation 17
Quality Assessment of Meats Using FT-IR Spectroscopy, Texture Analyzer, Color
Spectrophotometer and Image Analysis
Ainur Nalisa Abd Rashid1, Saliza Asman2*
1Department of Food Technology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences
and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, UTHM Pagoh Campus, Pagoh
Higher Education Hub, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, 84600 Muar, Johor, Malaysia.
2Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology,
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, UTHM Pagoh Campus, Pagoh Higher Education
Hub, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, 84600 Muar, Johor, Malaysia.
Abstract
Rapid growth in consumer demand for meat has increased and become focused
attention on maintaining meats safety and quality. However, improper handling and
storage of meats may cause unfavorable feature on meats as it is a highly perishable
food with short shelf-life. The implementation of rapid and non-destructive quality
assessment method of meat have become increasingly important to satisfy consumer
demand. This study implements such method by using Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy (FT-IR), color spectrophotometer, texture analyzer and image analysis to
classify meats of different types and their shelf-life during freezing temperature storage
(0˚C) for five days in a row. Three types of common commercial meats (chicken, cow and
goat’s meat) with boiling process were selected. The FT-IR analysis revealed presence of
functional group that represents absorbance bands of proteins, triglycerides, fatty acids
and carbohydrates with different intensities according to types of meat, type of
processing (boiled) and days of storage. Freezing storage caused slightly alterations for
the color parameters and partial degradation of some proteins in meat. The texture
analysis also shows significant different in all of the samples with different types of meat
and boiling method and the image analysis shows significant degradation of textural
surface of the meat with increasing storage period.
Keywords: Meats, FTIR, texture analysis, color spectrophotometer, image analysis
* Corresponding author
Name: Dr. Saliza binti Asman
Address: Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences and
Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, UTHM Pagoh Campus, Pagoh Higher
Education Hub, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, 84600 Muar, Johor, Malaysia
Tel: 06-974 5129
Email: salizaa@uthm.edu.myYou can also read
