2020 NORDIC HEDGE AWARD - STOCKHOLM, APRIL 2021 - HEDGENORDIC
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JU N E 20 21 PROMOTION. FOR INVESTMENT PROFESSIONALS ONLY. NOT FOR PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION Stockholm, April 2021 2020 Nordic Hedge Award
www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 INTRODUCTION HedgeNordic is the leading media covering the Nordic alternative investment and hedge fund universe. The website brings daily news, research, analysis and background that is relevant to Nordic hedge fund professionals from 2020 NORDIC the sell and buy side from all tiers. HedgeNordic publishes monthly, HEDGE AWARD quarterly and annual reports on recent developments in her core market as well as special, indepth reports on “hot topics”. HedgeNordic also calculates and publishes the Nordic Hedge Index (NHX) and is host to the Nordic Hedge Contents 4 Editor´s Note... Missing the Hot Dogs 56 Best Nordic Hedge Fund 2020 Overall Award and organizes round tables and seminars. 6 2020: A Tale of Two Extremes Partner Introductions: PUBLICATION PLAN 2021: June: Private Markets 12 The Model Determining the Best Nordic Hedge Funds 62 The Asset Management Exchange September: Quant Strategies October: Value / Quality Investing November: Alternative Fixed Income 16 Jury Board to the Nordic Hedge Award 66 Efficient Capital December: ESG in Alternatives 20 Best Nordic Fund of Hedge Funds 2020 68 Northern Trust CONTACT: 26 Best Nordic Equity Hedge Fund 2020 70 SS&C EZE Kamran George Ghalitschi Nordic Business Media AB Kungsgatan 8 32 Best Nordic Fixed Income Hedge Fund 2020 74 Harvest Advokatbyrå SE-103 89 Stockholm, Sweden Corporate Number: 556838-6170 VAT Number: SE-556838617001 38 Best Nordic Multi Strategy Hedge Fund 2020 76 RBC I&TS Direct: +46 (0) 8 5333 8688 Mobile: +46 (0) 706566688 44 Best Nordic CTA 2020 78 CME Group email: kamran@hedgenordic.com www.hedgenordic.com 48 Performance Awards 88 The Mingle Picture Index: Dirk Ercken---shutterstock, 52 Rookie of the Year 2020 PROMOTION. FOR INVESTMENT PROFESSIONALS ONLY. NOT FOR PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION 2 3
www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 Hedge Award. The winners in the various categories industry. More importantly, there were many, many were announced in the week of April 19 – April 23 in strong performing managers last year, which made short video clips premiering daily. While we certainly the competition at the 2020 Nordic Hedge Award enjoy the traditional event in a group of 150 people more intense and exciting. from every corner of the planet, the virtual event had its advantages too. One of them being that a much, Heartfelt cheers, therefore, go out to those managers much larger audience got to see, watch and hear the ending up as the winners of the 2020 Nordic Hedge winners and the sponsors of the Nordic Hedge Award. Award. Many congratulations! A cornerstone of the methodology used to determine the best Nordic Therefor switching to an all-digital format and hedge funds is the jury board to the Nordic Hedge hosting the event as a series of videos was an Award, typically recruited among Nordic institutional entirely different, and new ball game with some steep investors. For the 2020 event, we were privileged to learning curves. It was also rather demanding on the win Kari Vatanen, CIO at Veritas Pension Insurance, nominated and winning managers, as we asked them Gilles Lafleuriel, Head of Real Assets and Alternatives to send short video clips presenting themselves to at Nordea, Gustav Karner, CEO and CIO at Apoteket’s the jury members as well as videos where they´d be Pension Fund, Helen Idenstedt, Head of External accepting their prizes. It was great to see every single Partnerships and Innovation at AP1, Claudia manager playing along and contributing their clips Stanghellini, the Head of External Management to make the 2020 Nordic Hedge Award a success, of AP3, and Christer Franzén, CIO at Ericsson despite the hurdles. Pensionsstiftelse. Thank you for dedicating your time and expertise to rank the managers. What did not change, however, are the basic process to determine the winners at the Nordic Hedge Award, The “Rookie of the Year” award has its own jury board the excitement we feel when finding out the winners put together of Nordic hedge fund managers, who after compiling and combining the quant and jury also commit time and effort to the cause. A very scores, and more importantly, the excitement we warm thank you to Henrik Fournais from the reigning see in the eyes of the truly-deserving winners (in Rookie HP Hedge Fixed Income, Martin Estlander the pandemic days, the excitement we hear in the of Estlander & Partners, Mette Østerbye Vejen from voices of the happy winners giving us a call) – and CABA Capital, Michael Ekelund of Atlant Fonder and Editor´s Note... sometimes, the bitter disappointment of other equally deserving peers. We are still hopeful we can all gather to mingle and Jonas Martenson of Resscapital, last year’s winner of the prestigious “Best Nordic Hedge Fund – Overall.” We have been very fortunate to have strong, loyal, Missing the Hot Dogs share a drink or two next April for the Nordic Hedge Award. An award ceremony, besides all the gloom, long-term partners who express their bonds and dedication to the Nordic alternative investment space should be a time of celebration. After months of next to many other channels, initiatives and their daily Zooming, I am sure the next event of the Nordic Hedge work, but also through the Nordic Hedge Award. These Award in the flesh will feel as exciting – or even more relations are invaluable to us. My sincere gratitude T he final event to the Nordic Hedge Award is a the Nordic Hedge Award feels like, we are certainly exciting – as the first one. goes to CME Group, who appeared as lead sponsor, very special occasion for us and we hear many looking forward to experiencing it again. However, as Northern Trust, RBC I&TS, Harvest Advokatbyra, times over how you, the industry participants, so many other things dear to us have fallen victim But now back to 2020 and the 2020 Nordic Hedge Efficient Capital, SS&C Eze and the AMX. Thank you too, have grown to treasure it. We get to meet old to the global pandemic, the Nordic Hedge Award is Award. Previously I had quoted Billie Ocean in my all for your support and guidance! friends and new, partners and business relations. looking different for a second consecutive year. editor’s note saying, “When the going gets tough, the We shake hands, hug, exchange war stories and tough get going.” That was more true in 2020 than business cards, laugh at poor jokes, enjoy the The character of the final event to the Nordic Hedge ever before. After the Nordic hedge fund industry traditional hot dogs and pop-corn ahead of the winner Award is very old school, low tech and sees people suffered its worst quarterly decline in the first quarter announcement and have a good evening overlooking interacting, shaking hands, exchanging business of 2020, the industry went on to enjoy its best three- Stockholm harbor over some chilled beverages. cards, sharing laughs and war stories. Although quarter performance ever. Viewed on a standalone we were caught off guard in our first edition of the basis, 2020 was an exceptionally strong year for KAMRAN GHALITSCHI With the Covid-19 pandemic well into its second year, Nordic Hedge Award in the pandemic era, we were Nordic hedge funds. Looking beneath the surface CEO & PUBLISHER HEDGENORDIC we might have forgotten what the real-life event of more prepared for the virtual event to the 2020 Nordic though, last year was a tale of two extremes for the PAGE PAGE 4 5
www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 2020: A TALE OF 2020 was a year of extremes for markets, investors and hedge funds managers alike. For the Nordic hedge fund industry, 2020 could be summed up as a tale of two extremes. The first quarter of last year was exceptionally difficult for Nordic hedge funds, which recorded TWO EXTREMES their worst quarterly decline since HedgeNordic started tracking the industry back in 2005. The industry’s sizeable drawdown was quickly offset by strong performance when markets bounced back starting in April. Following the worst quarterly decline on record in the first quarter, the Nordic hedge fund industry went on to enjoy its best three- quarter performance since 2005. FIGURE 1. A TALE OF TWO EXTREMES FOR NORDIC HEDGE FUNDS Source: HedgeNordic 6 7
www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 The Nordic hedge fund industry, as reflected by the Nordic Hedge Index, advanced 8.5 percent “Following the worst quarter of last year. Drawdowns are peak to trough, what about climbing out from the trough back to a the NHX Multi-Strategy was up 4.0 percent. This 280 percentage points-difference stems from the last year, its strongest annual performance since quarterly decline on new peak? How long did it take for the Nordic hedge worse-than-average performance of the 13 multi- 2009. Viewed on a standalone basis, 2020 was an fund industry to recover from its second-worst strategy hedge funds that closed down last year. exceptionally strong year for Nordic hedge funds. record in the first drawdown? The recovery from the valley of the Similarly, the existing funds of hedge funds in the When looking beneath the surface, last year was index to a new high lasted only four months. In the Nordic Hedge Index were up 4.3 percent last year, indeed a tale of two extremes for the industry. quarter, the Nordic final three quarters of 2020, the Nordic hedge fund while the NHX Funds of Funds, which reflects the The Nordic hedge fund industry lost 6.8 percent in the first quarter of last year, its worst quarterly hedge fund industry industry enjoyed a cumulative return of 16.4 percent, its best three-quarter performance on record. performance of defunct funds too, gained only 2.6 percent. decline on record. The quarterly decline was mainly went on to enjoy its attributable to the 5.4 percent-loss in March, which was the industry’s worst month on record. best three-quarter THE NORDIC HEDGE INDEX OVERCOMES AVERAGES HIDE DISPARITIES THE SURVIVORSHIP BIAS Starting with a loss of 1.8 percent in February and performance since The Nordic hedge fund industry gained 8.5 percent then enduring an additional decline of 5.4 percent in 2005.” Hedge fund indices are often (perhaps wrongfully) net-of-fees last year and active Nordic hedge funds March, the Nordic hedge fund industry experienced associated with exhibiting “survivorship bias,” which were up 10.9 percent on average. While these its second-worst drawdown on record in the first reflects the tendency of certain data providers to average figures are useful for comparison, averages solely reflect the returns only generated by existing do hide disparities. With a return of 98.3 percent, funds – thereby, ignoring the performance of thematic-focused long/short equity fund St. Petri already-defunct funds. With no less than 30 Nordic L/S was last year’s best-performing member of the hedge funds delisted from the Nordic Hedge Index Nordic Hedge Index. The worst performing fund that FIGURE 2. LACK OF SURVIVORSHIP BIAS IN THE NORDIC HEDGE INDEX. last year – funds either closed down or merged is still part of the index, meanwhile, was down 17.4 into other funds, an inappropriate calculation percent. The dispersion between last year’s best- methodology for the Nordic Hedge Index could have and worst-performing hedge fund was wide, very 25,00 resulted in significant survivorship bias. wide in fact. The Nordic Hedge Index tackles this bias by The top 30 percent of all members of the Nordic reflecting the aggregate performance of both Hedge Index gained 30.2 percent on average, 20,00 defunct and up-and-running funds. The index was whereas the bottom 30 percent was down slightly 3,80 up 8.5 percent last year, but the 138 active Nordic over two percent. The top 20 percent, meanwhile, hedge funds returned 10.9 percent on average gained 37.9 percent last year and the bottom 20 15,00 last year. The 240 percentage points-difference percent lost 3.9 percent on average. reflects the performance detraction from the funds that closed during 2020 (which, unsurprisingly, In the graph below, the grey boxes show that 10,00 performed worse than the up-and-running funds). the Nordic hedge funds that were not in the top 2,41 and bottom 30 percent in terms of performance 16,07 The most noticeable difference between the returned between 1.8 percent and 16.9 percent last performance of a sub-index and the performance of year. About one in every five members of the Nordic 5,00 1,59 0,80 2,77 8,49 active funds underlying that sub-index is observed Hedge Index achieved a return higher than 16.9 1,73 in the NHX Equities. The 50 up-and-running equity percent in 2020, while eight percent returned above 4,18 4,62 4,03 2,58 hedge funds within the Nordic Hedge Index gained 30 percent. A little more than seven percent of all - 19.9 percent on average in 2020, while the NHX members returned above 40 percent last year. Nordic Hedge Index Equity Funds CTAs Fixed-Income Funds Multi-Strategy Funds Funds of Funds Equities was up 16.1 percent as 13 members of this Index Performance Detraction from Defunct Funds sub-index closed down last year. About 47 percent of Nordic equity hedge funds outperformed the MSCI World’s 16.5 percent- Up-and-running Nordic multi-strategy hedge funds return last year, but one should not forget that most Source: HedgeNordic returned 6.8 percent on average last year, whereas Nordic equity hedge fund maintain a net market 8 9
www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 JOIN THE NORDIC FIGURE 3. 2020 PERFORMANCE STATISTICS ON THE NORDIC HEDGE INDEX AND NHX SUB-INDICES. HEDGE INDEX 105 St. Petri L/S, 98.3% St. Petri L/S, 98.3% 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 Average (10.9%) 55 BE SEEN 50 45 Volt Diversified Alpha Fund, 41% 40 35 Nordic Cross Stable Return, 27.3% 30 25 20 70th percentile (16.9%) With the early possible early signs of inflation creeping up Asgard Fixed Income Fund, 16.2% Brummer Multi-Strategy, 12.5% 15 10 PEER 5 0 -5 30th percentile (1.8%) -10 -15 -20 be compared to a relevant, local peer group -25 BE FOUND NHX Equities Fixed Income Multi-Strategy Fund of Funds CTA Source: HedgeNordic by relevant allocators scouting the area exposure below 100 percent. Some members of the NHX Equities employ a market-neutral approach to investing, and some even maintain negative hedge funds returned between 1.6 percent and 9.7 percent last year. The top 20 percent, meanwhile, were up 13.8 percent on average, whereas the QUALIFY net exposure to the market. The average equity bottom 20 percent lost 3.0 percent on average. The All listed funds qualify for the Nordic Hedge Award hedge fund in the Nordic Hedge Index was up 16.1 majority of multi-strategy hedge funds returned percent last year, but, again, the average hides wide between 1.1 percent and 10.0 percent. disparities. The top 20 percent of performers in the NHX Equites returned 63.1 percent on average last year, while the bottom 20 percent were down 6.5 percent on Listing your fund is free, quick and simple. For more information, visit: average. The equity hedge funds that were neither in the top 30 percent nor in the bottom 30 percent returned between 3.6 percent and 33.4 percent. In a similar fashion, the great majority of fixed-income www.nhx.hedgenordic.com YOUR SINGLE ACCESS POINT TO THE NORDIC HEDGE FUND INDUSTRY 10
www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 The Model Determining the Best Nordic Hedge Funds – Combining Academia and Industry Expertise Michael Halling, Associate Professor at the Stockholm School of Economics and Research Fellow at the Swedish House of Finance (on leave) E very spring, HedgeNordic sets aside this In the second step, a judging panel comprised of “The quantitative special time for the Nordic Hedge Award to industry professionals assigns a rating to each recognize and celebrate the best and most nominated fund after evaluating a wide range of model should identify promising Nordic hedge funds. Except for the quantitative and qualitative attributes, allowing to Performance Awards and the Rookie of the Year generate a “qualitative” score for each fund. In the those hedge funds with award, all nominees and winners in the regular last step, the quantitative and qualitative scores are the most “successful” categories at the Nordic Hedge Award are selected aggregated at equal weighting to create the final via a three-step process. scores, and thus, the rankings. strategy and pursue the goal of (a) identifying In a first step, from the Nordic hedge fund universe as defined by the Nordic Hedge Index, the top five DISSECTING THE QUANTITATIVE SCORE managers with unique funds per award category are shortlisted using a and award-worthy quantitative model co-developed by HedgeNordic From the large universe Nordic hedge funds, which and the Swedish House of Finance at the fund deserves the title of the best Nordic hedge skills and (b) avoiding Stockholm School of Economics. The model uses fund of a given year? Should the title go to the fund several measures of risk and return to produce a with the highest absolute return? Or should the fund managers that were just “quantitative” score. with the highest risk-adjusted return receive the lucky.” title? Doesn’t longer-term performance matter? And 12 13
www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 if long-term performance does matter, how long is limited but frequent upside and a somewhat “long-term?” unlimited, though less frequent downside. A negatively skewed distribution is characterized by The challenge of how to choose the nominees and frequent small gains and a few extreme losses. As winners in the main award categories at the Nordic Halling argues, “negative skewness indicates crash- Hedge Award is a difficult task. Michael Halling, risk and investors don’t quite like that.” Associate Professor at the Stockholm School of Economics and Research Fellow at the Swedish House of Finance, argues that the quantitative model THE JURY SCORE AND FINAL RANKING should “identify those hedge funds with “The ‘best’ funds would be those the most “successful” strategy and pursue The five quantitative metrics are normalized in the goal of (a) identifying managers with order to make them comparable to each other, and that provide investors with unique and award-worthy skills and (b) combined using a pre-determined set of weights the best risk-adjusted returns, avoiding managers that were just lucky.” to spit out a combined quantitative score. A jury of industry professionals, typically allocators and asset ideally determined using various “That means that one wants to look at short- owners from the Nordic hedge fund space, then term performance because the awards rewards the nominated funds based on a wide range measures because there is no are handed out for a given year, but one of – mostly qualitative – criteria. The quantitative single accepted concept.” also wants to look at more medium-term and qualitative scores are put in an equal footing performance to filter out luck,” continues and combined to create the final scores and thereby Halling, who presided the process of selecting the rankings. The judging panel not only serves as a inputs for the quantitative model. Success can be cross-check for our quantitative model but also defined in various ways, acknowledges the professor, heavily influences the final rankings. The but taking “an investor-perspective makes the most selection process of winners, therefore, sense.” Therefore, “the ‘best’ funds would be those combines the academic expertise of the “The Swedish House of Finance that provide investors with the best risk-adjusted Swedish House of Finance with the industry is involved in the quantitative returns, ideally determined using various measures expertise of the jury board. because there is no single accepted concept.” evaluation of the funds because Michael Halling and the Swedish House of that is where academia can For these reasons, the quantitative model co- Finance endorse this combination, arguing developed by HedgeNordic and the Stockholm School that “a unique and very valuable feature of provide useful input.” of Economics considers five metrics: single-year the Nordic Hedge Award is the combination absolute returns, single-year peer outperformance, of the quantitative and qualitative scores, which as well as Sharpe ratios, absolute returns, and makes the awards particularly credible.” Pairing skewness over the previous 36 months. Metrics are academic rigor with hands-on industry experience viewed and measured on a per-fund basis, as well is particularly relevant for the hedge fund industry as relative to peers in the respective sub-category given the diversity of investment strategies. within the Nordic Hedge Index. Whereas absolute, relative and risk-adjusted returns can be viewed as “I think that makes sense, in particular for hedge standard inputs in models designed to handpick the funds, where managers are largely unrestricted in best performing funds, skewness is a rarely-used their activities,” Halling argues. “The Swedish House metric that was added in the quantitative model in of Finance is involved in the quantitative evaluation 2018 as a measure of downside risk. of the funds because that is where academia can provide useful input,” says Halling, stressing that “it “Skewness represents another dimension of risk is important to ask industry experts to comment on that is not captured by variance,” explains Halling. and evaluate those nominated funds” to select truly The model penalizes hedge funds with a negatively deserving award winners. skewed distribution of returns. After all, relative to the average return, negative skewness indicates 14 15
www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 PERFORMANCE NUMBERS ONLY TELL ONE SIDE OF THE STORY JURY BOARD TO THE NORDIC HEDGE AWARD G iven the heterogeneous nature of hedge fund return profiles, the traditional risk-adjusted The qualitative score is determined by a jury board based criteria. The qualitative criteria may also strategies, comparing hedge funds solely measures may not always reflect the true riskiness comprised of industry professionals, with their include longevity, work ethics, sustainability, alpha based on traditional absolute or even risk- of underlying investments. Compared to many other voices accounting for half of the final scores that generation, uniqueness, innovation, asset raising adjusted performance measures may not always industry awards, the Nordic Hedge Award does not determine the rankings at the Nordic Hedge Award. capacities, administrative setup, or any other be the best approach. The name of the game for solely rely on performance-based measures to relevant characteristics. many hedge funds is to provide investors with recognize the best Nordic hedge funds of a given The members of the jury are asked to make a high risk-adjusted returns. So yes, risk-adjusted year. qualitative assessment of the funds that have been The assembled jury board for the 2020 Nordic measures such as the Sharpe ratio or the Sortino nominated through the quantitative screening co- Hedge Award included Kari Vatanen, CIO at Veritas ratio are a good starting point for comparisons. To determine the winners at the Nordic Hedge developed with the Swedish House of Finance at the Pension Insurance, Gilles Lafleuriel, Head of Real Award, HedgeNordic employs a scoring system Stockholm School of Economics. The jury members Assets and Alternatives at Nordea, Gustav Karner, Even so, the Sharpe ratio and other risk-adjusted that equally weights a quantitative score – that cast their final judgment based on various criteria, CEO and CIO at Apoteket’s Pension Fund, Helen performance measures do not always tell the reflects several parameters such as short- and with the board being encouraged to overweight Idenstedt, Head of External Partnerships and whole story. Due to the unique nature of hedge fund longer-term absolute, relative and risk-adjusted any qualitative criteria such as reputation, quality Innovation at AP1, Claudia Stanghellini, the Head of strategies, some of which may invest in relatively returns, as well as downside risk – and a qualitative of communication, transparency and other External Management of AP3, and Christer Franzén, illiquid asset classes or may exhibit asymmetric score that considers “qualitative” or “soft” factors. characteristics relative to quantitative, performance- CIO at Ericsson Pensionsstiftelse. Kari Vatanen, Chief Investment Officer, Gilles Lafleuriel, Head of Real Assets and Gustav Karner, CEO and CIO, Apoteket’s Helen Idenstedt, Head of External Claudia Stanghellini, Head of External Christer Franzén, CIO, Ericsson Veritas Pension Insurance Alternatives, Nordea Pension Fund Partnerships and Innovation, AP1 Management, AP3 Pensionsstiftelse 16 17
www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 PERFORMANCE NUMBERS ONLY TELL ONE generation of managers and analysts trained and diversification,” according to Pontus von Essen of SIDE OF THE STORY encouraged to take a more active and value-adding AP7, a previous jury member. “Hedge funds have the role in the organization?” Jaatinen reckons that opportunity to be very focused on their particular “Performance numbers only tell one side of the qualitative aspects such as “the company culture, niche, thereby providing a piece of the puzzle to story,” Linsay McPhater, a senior portfolio manager all of their stakeholders (i.e. all third parties that are an institutional investor in the form of expertise focusing on alternatives at Nordea and a member integral for running their operations), the current and knowledge sharing,” Pontus von Essen told of the Jury Board to both the 2018 and 2019 status of the management team” are essential in HedgeNordic. “It is hard for an institutional investor Nordic Hedge Award, previously told HedgeNordic. the evaluation of hedge funds. “Are they too rich and to internally create the right environment for these According to McPhater, “one should also assess the lazy to care about managing capital?” is a question niche strategies to take off” and the role of hedge business aspect,” including “management, the culture worth asking, according to Jaatinen. funds is “similar to the role of start-ups for large of integrity, operational efficiency, disciplined and corporations in many other businesses.” rigorous investment process, investment strategy, Gustav Karner, the CEO and CIO at Apoteket’s risk oversight, AuM growth and the client interface.” Pension Fund who has been part of the Jury Board According to Linsay McPhater, “at a general level, Last but certainly not least, “hedge funds must have for two consecutive years, reckons that the custody, the value of hedge funds is to maximize investor an opaque structure, so we can see their underlying administrator and auditor of a hedge fund should returns and eliminate risk.” She told HedgeNordic investments, so transparency is a key aspect,” argued not be overlooked either. In addition, a qualitative- that “hedge funds are designed to not correlate or McPhater. based assessment can help identify hedge funds behave like other investments.” During significant with a “strong risk culture,” which may not always be stock market declines, “hedge funds are expected to For investors, therefore, a hedge fund’s operational reflected in quantitative measures, particularly for experience lower loses or even generate a positive processes are just as important as the risk-adjusted funds with limited track records. return,” said McPhater. “Therefore, investors view performance profile of the fund. “Deepness of hedge funds as a diversifier and risk reducer in their research, company culture, talent retention, market wider portfolios.” understanding and investment conviction are often THE VALUE AND ROLE OF HEDGE FUNDS hard to see in numbers, but they tend to reward the Gustav Karner corroborates McPhater’s view, long-term investor,” argues Gilles Lafleuriel, who “Hedge funds are used in various ways by adding that “hedge fund returns should have low or was part of the Jury Board to 2020 Nordic Hedge institutional investors,” argues Gilles Lafleuriel, Head negative correlations to equities because we can’t Award. Mika Jaatinen, Portfolio Manager of Hedge of Real Assets and Alternatives at Nordea. “As part trust treasury bonds as a diversifier anymore.” Mika Fund Investments at Finnish employment pension of a portfolio, they tend to be used as an insurance Jaatinen also told HedgeNordic that hedge funds company Elo and a Jury Board member at the in troubles times, as an absolute performance tool should “act as an alternative source and stream of previous edition of the Nordic Hedge Award, agrees or a risk diversifier next to other traditional long-only returns that do not correlate too much with other with both McPhater and Lafleuriel. holdings,” he continues. “It is up to the investors asset classes.” to define their own rationale and then to pick and “Numbers cannot tell about a hedge fund’s culture,” monitor their funds accordingly.” Jaatinen told HedgeNordic. According to Jaatinen, an understanding of the culture warrants questions such “Expertise and knowledge sharing” is the primary role as: “How are organizations managed? How do they of hedge funds “above the other two components operate during times of crisis? How is the younger that they bring to the table: absolute return and 18 19
www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 BEST NORDIC FUND OF HEDGE FUNDS 2020 SUPPORTED BY RBC INVESTOR & TREASURY SERVICES Mikael Spångberg, CEO and Portfolio Manager - Brummer Multi-Strategy T he fund of hedge funds industry has been often-inaccessible set of hedge fund teams and single-strategy hedge funds under the umbrella of distinction. “We are both humbled and thankful for facing a slow death in recent years as many strategies. The significantly lower number of active Brummer & Partners, moved into the top spot in this winning at the Nordic Hedge Award.” investors appear to have opted to bypass funds of hedge funds in the Nordics, therefore, has year’s edition of the Nordic Hedge Award by scoring their services and their double-layer of fees to not made the competition for the title of the “Best high on quant-based parameters such as short- and Brummer Multi-Strategy reached its second-best invest directly in hedge funds. The number of active Nordic Fund of Hedge Funds” less intense. On the longer-term absolute, relative and risk-adjusted annual performance on record in 2020 after returning Nordic funds of hedge funds declined from 31 at contrary, the survival of the fittest has made the performance, as well as by winning the “Jury Board” 12.6 percent for the year. Last year’s advance was the beginning of 2015 to 19 at the end of 2018, competition even more ferocious. vote. just shy of its record of 12.8 percent reached in 2005. 11 at the end of 2019 and only eight at the end of “Last year was truly extraordinary in so many ways,” 2020. The ones that are still up and running may “This year we are celebrating 25 years of generating Mikael Spångberg, the CEO and portfolio manager still have an important role to play for their current WINNER: BRUMMER MULTI-STRATEGY alpha and we are devoted to continue,” says Jonas of the multi-strategy fund, reflected on 2020. “For and prospective investors. Börjesson, Head of Investor Relations at Brummer us, for BMS, it was quite a fantastic year in terms of In the 2020 lineup, Brummer Multi-Strategy & Partners. “2020 is our second-best year since performance, the way we generated the return and The still active Nordic funds of hedge funds either unseated the previous edition’s winner, Atlant Multi- start, and this award serves as a testament to the quality of the return.” Brummer Multi-Strategy represent a “one-stop” solution to a respective Strategy, as the “Best Nordic Fund of Hedge Funds” what we’re all about; delivering strong risk-adjusted exhibited a beta of only 0.06 compared to the MSCI asset manager’s hedge funds without charging of 2020 at the Nordic Hedge Award. Brummer return through a portfolio of uncorrelated strategies World throughout 2020. “Looking ahead, we are in an additional layer of fees or offer exposure to an Multi-Strategy, a multi-strategy fund investing in the that complement each other,” he comments on the a strong position to keep delivering performance, 20 21
www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 although there will be a lot of uncertainty out there, that our approach of focusing on high-quality and so one should always be humble,” says Börjesson. often difficult-to-access hedge fund managers with proven and tested investment processes of producing persistent and uncorrelated returns SECOND PLACE: AIM DIVERSIFIED stands out in the competitive alternative investment STRATEGIES space,” he continues. “This award means a lot to our team and we look forward to continuing our efforts AIM Diversified Strategies has been awarded of long-term value creation for our clients through second place in the “Best Nordic Fund of Hedge 2021 and beyond.” Funds” category at the Nordic Hedge Award for a second consecutive year. The fund of hedge funds AIM Diversified Strategies gained 4.7 percent in managed by Helsinki-based AIM Capital primarily 2020 after booking a similar gain of 4.7 percent in invests in alternative strategies run by hedge fund 2019 and a 2.4 percent-gain for 2018. The fund of giants such as Citadel Advisors, D.E. Shaw & Co., and hedge funds incurred only one down year – a 0.5 Renaissance Technologies. “The fund has exposure percent-loss in 2016 – since launching in the second and access to extremely high-quality managers like half of 2009. “Our goal for investment performance D.E. Shaw and Citadel, most of which are closed is to be consistent and persistent,” says Hautamäki. to new investors, which makes our fund unique in AIM Diversified Strategies has delivered an Scandinavia,” explains Miikka Hautamäki, the CEO annualized return of 3.9 percent since September Miikka Hautamäki, CEO and Managing Partner - AIM Capital and Managing Partner at AIM Capital. 2009 with 3.4 percent volatility, translating into an inception-to-date Sharpe ratio of 1.14. “Many people “I am so pleased our team has been recognized and underestimate the power of compounding effect on celebrated by the Nordic Hedge Award for delivering the long-term track record,” he emphasizes. “There strong risk-adjusted returns,” Hautamäki comments is no such thing as an overnight success in the on the distinction. “This recognition is an affirmation asset management business.” 22 23
www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 Specialist Expertise Assured Financial Strength Taking a consultative approach to delivering an Peter Beckman integrated financial and administrative solution, Deputy CEO our General Partner clients benefit from specialist Atlant Fonder expertise across the entire fund lifecycle to help them achieve their objectives. To discover how we can support your investment, THIRD PLACE: ATLANT MULTI-STRATEGY podium at the Nordic Hedge Award representing a testament to the firm’s success in delivering solid market and product expansion, visit rbcits.com/pcs Atlant Multi-Strategy, the “Best Nordic Fund of Hedge risk-adjusted returns. Funds” of 2019, took the third step on the podium in this category at this year’s edition of the Nordic Atlant Fonder oversees SEK 5.29 billion in assets Hedge Award. This represents the third consecutive under management across its range of eight funds. podium in this award category for the fund of funds In the first quarter of 2021, the hedge fund house investing in Atlant Fonder’s own hedge funds. expanded its fund range with the launch of a Nordic- focused high-yield bond fund, Atlant Högräntefond. REAL ESTATE | INFRASTRUCTURE | PRIVATE EQUITY | PRIVATE DEBT “Last year we won this category and it is the third This is the first pure fixed-income vehicle under year in a row that we have been nominated and been Atlant Fonder’s umbrella. The Atlant-branded RBC Investor & Treasury Services™ is a global brand name and is part of Royal Bank of Canada. RBC Investor & Treasury Services is a specialist provider of asset servicing, custody, payments and treasury services for financial and other among the top three at the Nordic Hedge Award,” suite also includes three-market-neutral funds, institutional investors worldwide. RBC Investor & Treasury Services operates primarily through the following companies: Royal Bank of Canada, RBC Investor Services Trust and RBC Investor Services Bank S.A., and their branches and affiliates. RBC IS Bank S.A. is supervised in Luxembourg by the CSSF and the European Central Bank. In the UK, RBC I&TS operates through RBC Investor Services Trust, London Branch & Royal Bank of Canada, London Branch, authorised and regulated says Michael Ekelund, the CEO of Atlant Fonder. two equity-tilted hedge funds designed to provide by the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions of Canada. Authorised by the Prudential Regulation Authority. Subject to regulation by the Financial Conduct Authority and limited regulation by the Prudential Regulation Authority. Details about the extent of our regulation by the Prudential Regulation Authority are available from us on request. RBC I&TS UK also operates through RBC Europe Limited, authorised by the Prudential Regulation Authority and regulated by the “We are happy for that. At Atlant Fonder, we strive exposure to equity markets at lower volatility, one Financial Conduct Authority and the Prudential Regulation Authority. Additionally, RBC I&TS’ Trustee and Depositary services are provided through RBC Investor Services Bank S.A., London Branch, authorised by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF) and European Central Bank (ECB) and subject to limited regulation by the Financial Conduct Authority and Prudential Regulation Authority. Details about the extent of our regulation by the Financial Conduct Authority to achieve strong risk-adjusted and market-neutral vehicle designed to protect against market crashes, and Prudential Regulation Authority are available from us on request. In Australia, RBC Investor Services Trust is authorized to carry on financial services business by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission under the AFSL (Australian Financial Services Licence) number 295018. In Singapore, RBC Investor Services Trust Singapore Limited (RISTS) is licensed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) as a Licensed Trust Company under the Trust Companies returns,” with this fund’s continued presence on the as well as precious metal-focused Atlant Precious. Act and was approved by the MAS to act as a trustee of collective investment schemes authorized under S 286 of the Securities and Futures Act (SFA). RISTS is also a Capital Markets Services Licence Holder issued by the MAS under the SFA in connection with its activities of acting as a custodian. In Guernsey, RBC Offshore Fund Managers Limited is regulated by the Guernsey Financial Services Commission in the conduct of investment business. Registered Office: PO Box 246, Canada Court, St Peter Port, Guernsey, Channel Islands, GY1 3QE, registered company number 8494. In Jersey, RBC Fund Administration (CI) Limited is regulated by the Jersey Financial Services Commission in the conduct of fund services and trust company business in Jersey. Registered office: Gaspé House, 66-72 Esplanade, St Helier, Jersey JE2 3QT, Channel Islands. Registered company number 52624. In Hong Kong, RBC Investor Services Bank S.A. is a restricted license bank and is authorized to carry on certain banking business in Hong Kong by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority. RBC Investor Services Trust Hong Kong Limited is regulated by the Mandatory Provident Fund Schemes Authority as an approved trustee. ® / ™ Trademarks of Royal Bank of Canada. Used under licence. 24 21
www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 BEST NORDIC EQUITY HEDGE FUND 2020 SUPPORTED BY NORTHERN TRUST This model levels the playing field between return- Nordic Equity Hedge Fund” award, Lucerne Nordic focused managers and those focused on risk- Fund, is a hedge fund run by a Brit out of New adjusted performance in the race for the “Best York but runs a strictly Nordic investment theme. Jonathan Copplestone - Lucerne Capital Management Nordic Equity Hedge Fund” award. With the equity Jonathan Copplestone lives in New York City in the market rebound from the March lows outrunning heart vibes of Wall Street and is an ocean away from even the post-financial crisis recovery in terms his hunting ground: small- and mid-sized companies of both speed and magnitude, the Nordic Hedge in the Nordic region. E quity managers account for more than one- Award model’s focus on absolute performance, risk- third of the Nordic hedge fund industry, with adjusted performance and downside risk helped “I am so happy and proud to be nominated amongst these managers employing a wide range of pick the funds that truly stood out from the crowd in the best Nordic equity funds for 2020,” says Jonathan approaches and varying degrees of net market a chaotic year for equity managers. Copplestone of Lucerne Capital Management. “As exposure. From the large universe of Nordic you all know, it is a very competitive field and it equity hedge funds, which fund deserves the “Best is a real honor to be included amongst the best,” Nordic Equity Hedge Fund” title? HedgeNordic WINNER: LUCERNE NORDIC FUND he continues. “So pleased for my investors and co-developed a model with the Swedish House of colleagues that the Lucerne Nordic Fund won the Finance at the Stockholm School of Economics The funds included in the Nordic Hedge Index top prize for Best Nordic Hedge Fund Overall for that takes into account shorter- and longer-term have typically either been managed by Nordic- 2020 in addition to winning in the Equity category,” absolute, relative and risk-adjusted performance, as born managers, have been domiciled in one of the he comments on the achievement. “It takes a lot of well as a measure of downside risk and qualitative Nordic countries, or have been run by teams out of work and focus as well as support from friends and assessments from a jury board. the Nordic countries. The winner of this year’s “Best colleagues in the industry.” 26 27
www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 Lucerne Nordic Fund ended 2020 up 77 percent and nominees in the “Equity” category but achieved the has delivered an annualized return of 31.5 percent highest 36-month Sharpe ratio. since launching in February 2015. In addition to being named the “Best Nordic Equity Hedge Fund” and “We really appreciate the recognition of our team’s “Best Nordic Hedge Fund” of 2020, Lucerne Nordic hard work and we remain as upbeat as ever on Fund also received the performance awards for the our portfolio positions and the fund’s ability to highest 36-month and 60-month performance within generate attractive returns to our investors in 2021 the Nordic hedge fund industry. “I have never seen and beyond,” Managing Partner Christer Bjørndal any correlation between managers’ location and comments on the achievement. CARN Latitude their performance,” Copplestone told HedgeNordic advanced 39.4 percent in 2020 after incurring a at the beginning of 2021. loss of only 2.7 percent during the volatile month of March, ending the first quarter down a mere 1.2 percent. From left to right: Harald Havnen, Melanie Brooks, Andreas Bomann-Larsen, and Christer Bjørndal - CARN Capital SECOND PLACE: CARN LATITUDE “2020 was a challenging yet rewarding year for In the race for the “Best Nordic Equity Hedge an active asset manager like CARN,” Bjørndal Fund” of 2020, the second place went to long/ comments on the 2020 performance. “Extreme short fundamental equity fund CARN Latitude market turbulence caused by the COVID-19 run by Norwegian asset manager CARN Capital. pandemic not seen since the financial crisis is a CARN Latitude’s second-place podium shows the reminder of the inherent risk of volatility and fear importance of risk-adjusted performance and that periodically grip equity markets. At CARN, we limited drawdown at the Nordic Hedge Award. were able to protect the downside relatively well in With an annualized return of 19.3 percent over the the first quarter and managed to catch up well when three years through the end of 2020, CARN Latitude the market picked up, making 2020 a good year for had the lowest 36-month return among the five us.” 28 29
www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 FASTER FORWARD Make change an opportunity instead of a challenge. Turn to us for the technology, insight and service that helps achieve your goals – so you can focus on your core business. For more information, visit northerntrust.com or contact: Struan Malcolm Head of Nordic Sales struan_malcolm@ntrs.com +46 10 555 5157 ACHIEVE GREATER From left to right: Kai Tavakka, Henri Österlund, and Mark H. Shay - Accendo Capital THIRD PLACE: ACCENDO at Accendo. The Accendo team has been “busy building our performance and portfolio companies Activist investor Accendo Capital, one of the most and we are perhaps more excited than ever about decorated funds at all editions of the Nordic Hedge being an active owner in listed northern European Award, rounded out the podium in the “Best Nordic companies,” she adds. “Most of our effort and energy Equity Hedge Fund” category. This represents is dedicated to working together with companies to Accendo’s fourth appearance on the podium in the help them grow.” “Best Nordic Equity Hedge Fund” category in the past five years. Accendo, which is an active shareholder The fund managed by Henri Österlund, Mark H. in listed small-cap companies in northern Europe Shay and Kai Tavakka has generated an annualized that drive, or benefit from, technological innovation, net return of 16.8 percent since launching in early gained 69.3 percent in 2020, followed by a 45.6 2008 to achieve an inception-to-date Sharpe ratio percent-advance in the previous year. of 0.93. “We are delighted that our track record shows that we have been able to create value for ASSET SERVICING \ ASSET MANAGEMENT \ WEALTH MANAGEMENT “Here at Accendo, we are delighted to be on the all the stakeholders at the companies we have © 2021 Northern Trust Corporation. Head Office: 50 South La Salle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603 U.S.A. podium at the Nordic Hedge Award once again, been involved with and, most importantly, for our Incorporated with limited liability in the U.S. Products and services provided by subsidiaries of Northern Trust especially with the year that we have behind us,” investors,” says Auer. Corporation may vary in different markets and are offered in accordance with local regulation. For legal comments Elise Auer, Director of Investor Relations and regulatory information about individual market offices, visit northerntrust.com/disclosures. DIRECTED TO PROFESSIONAL CLIENTS ONLY. NOT INTENDED FOR RETAIL CLIENTS. 30
www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 BEST NORDIC FIXED INCOME HEDGE FUND 2020 SUPPORTED BY SS&C EZE L iquidations outpaced new funds entering the From left to right: Tore Davidsen, Bo Michael Andersen and Rasmus Dall-Hansen Nordic hedge fund universe in recent years, shrinking the number of active funds in the industry from 170 at the beginning of 2015 to 140 at the end of 2020. All strategy categories within the Nordic Hedge Index have seen the number of the “fixed income” category at this year’s edition of now with three years of track record, I am obviously their components drop in recent years, all except the Nordic Hedge Award was again dominated by happy to see that we are set to win a prize in the for the “fixed income” category. The “fixed income” Danish managers. “Best Nordic Fixed Income Hedge Fund” category,” segment of the Nordic hedge fund industry, the Bo M. Andersen, the CIO of the fund, commented on healthy organism of the universe, has seen the the initial nomination. number of active funds increase from 23 at the WINNER: SEB EUREKA FIXED INCOME beginning of 2015 to 34 at the end of last year. RELATIVE VALUE The relative-value fund managed by CIO Bo Michael Andersen along with portfolio managers With the number of new funds employing fixed- Two years after winning the “Rookie of Year” award Tore Davidsen and Rasmus Dall-Hansen out of income-focused strategies outpacing liquidations, at the 2018 Nordic Hedge Award, SEB Eureka Fixed Copenhagen has reinforced the dominance of the competition for the title of the “Best Nordic Fixed Income Relative Value has been crowned the “Best Danish hedge funds in the “fixed income” category Income Hedge Fund” at the Nordic Hedge Award Nordic Fixed Income Hedge Fund” of 2020. “The fund at the Nordic Hedge Award. “This is a recognition has been intensifying with each passing year. After was launched back in January of 2018, and after our of our investment policy based on superior risk- a hiatus last year, as is customary, the podium for first year we won the “Rookie of the Year” award and adjusted returns,” Andersen comments on the 32 33
www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 Morten Mathiesen, CIO - Moma Advisors accomplishment. “On behalf of the entire team, I am in SEB’s alternative fund offering,” remarks Peter Hedge Fund” category in all eight previous editions than 15%, which is close to potential given the risk happy and proud that we won this prestigious award, Høltermand, Country Manager of SEB Denmark. of the Nordic Hedge Award and winning the top restrictions,” he continued. “At the offset we had recognizing our superior risk-adjusted returns since “The consistent performance that the team has prize five times, Asgard Fixed Income Fund came expectations of approximately 8% for the year, but we launched the fund a little more than three years created – in good times and bad – shows that the in second place in the 2020 edition of the Nordic the spike in volatility in March due to the covid-19 ago.” fund has delivered on the ambitions we had when Hedge Award. “I am so happy to be nominated this outbreak provided some welcome opportunities to we started setting up the fund in 2016.” year again in what has become the primary event re-adjust the portfolio for higher returns,” according When orchestrating the launch of SEB Eureka Fixed in Scandinavia within our business,” CIO Morten to Mathiesen. Income Relative Value more than three years ago, Mathiesen commented on the fund’s nomination. Andersen set an explicit return target in the range SECOND PLACE: ASGARD FIXED INCOME Moma Advisors’ Asgard Fixed Income Fund has of four to eight percent per year net-of-fees. So far, FUND “Although 2020 on many levels was frustrating delivered an annualized return of 13 percent since the fund has delivered an annualized return of 6.8 and challenging, the year also provided a good its inception in mid-2003. This is the highest percent with an annualized standard deviation of Asgard Fixed Income Fund has long been a crown balance between volatility and stability,” Mathiesen annualized return among all fixed-income hedge 2.8 percent, translating into an inception-to-date jewel in the Nordic hedge fund space. After being on commented on the fund’s 2020 performance. funds in the Nordics. The fund’s continued presence Sharpe ratio of 2.40. “SEB Eureka is a cornerstone the podium in the “Best Nordic Fixed-Income Nordic “That has enabled us to reach a return of more on the podium at the Nordic Hedge Award comes as 34 35
www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 no surprise, with the fund incurring only one down year in its nearly 18-year journey (a drop of four percent in 2008). THIRD PLACE: ASGARD FIXED INCOME RISK PREMIA With Moma Advisors winding up the Asgard Credit Fund – runner-up in the “fixed income” category at Fast-moving markets demand reliable technology. the 2019 Nordic Hedge Award – last year due to high volatility in returns and dwindling investor interest, it was Asgard Fixed Income Risk Premia’s turn to pick up the baton. Moma Advisors’ younger vehicle, Asgard Fixed Income Risk Premia, completed the podium in the “Best Nordic Fixed Income Hedge Fund” category at this year’s edition of the Nordic Whether at home or in the office, you need an investment management Hedge Award. system you can trust. “Winning a single year is nice, but being there or thereabout year after year is probably more SS&C Eze simplifies the investment process so you can focus on your business. important when investors look for true talent within the industry,” Birger Durhuus, the CEO of Moma For more than 25 years, the top asset managers around the world have trusted Advisors, previously commented on their fund’s continued presence on the podium at the Nordic our solutions to power their investment operations. Reliable, dependable, and Hedge Award. Due to popular demand, Moma Advisors decided to launch a SEK share class in secure. In times of uncertainty, rely on SS&C Eze. Asgard Fixed Income Risk Premia in 2020. The performance for the SEK class should be very close to the EUR class, given the minimal interest rate difference between the two currencies. Asgard Fixed Income Risk Premia’s EUR share class reflected in the Nordic Hedge Index has delivered www.ezesoft.com an annualized return of 7.3 percent since its inception in September 2017 to reach an inception- to-date Sharpe ratio of 1.19. The team’s approach of harvesting risk premiums in various bond and interest rate markets mainly in Scandinavian yielded a return of 16.1 percent in 2020 after booking a gain of eight percent for the previous year. Best Front Office Technology Provider SS&C Eze 36 © 2021 Eze Software Group LLC. All rights reserved. Unless otherwise noted, product names, trade names, designs, logos and all other trademarks or service marks used herein are the property of Eze Software Group LLC (“Eze”) or its affiliates. Eze’s affiliate in Australia, Eze Software Group Pty Limited, holds Australian Financial Services Licence No. 448217.
www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 www.hedgenordic.com - June 2021 BEST NORDIC MULTI STRATEGY HEDGE FUND 2020 SUPPORTED BY AMX (THE ASSET MANAGEMENT EXCHANGE) Mikkel Hagel, Rasmus Viggers and Thøger Dam Johansen - Formue Nord I nstruments traded serve as the guiding In the fund management industry, “multi-strategy” WINNER: FORMUE NORD compass for HedgeNordic when assigning is a nebulous term with no clear edges. Within the MARKEDSNEUTRAL Nordic hedge funds to their respective Nordic Hedge Index, the multi-strategy category strategy categories. Funds investing in stocks represents the most diverse and inclusive category, After two consecutive podiums without a win, Formue and equity-related instruments are classified featuring true multi-strategy funds investing in Nord Markedsneutral has been crowned the “Best as “equity” funds, while funds investing in multiple asset classes and instruments and unique Nordic Multi-Strategy Hedge Fund” of 2020. The market- fixed-income-related securities are included in funds that do not fit any other clear classification. neutral special situations fund offering financing the “fixed income” category. Funds investing in The diverse range of managers within the “multi- solutions to smaller companies in the Nordics enjoyed other funds are classified as funds of funds and strategy” group within the Nordic hedge fund its best year on record in 2020 with an annual return of managers investing in futures are – surprise, universe makes the “Best Nordic Multi-Strategy 26.6 percent. Last year’s strong performance follows surprise – featured in the managed futures or Hedge Fund” award category an exciting category an advance of 17.1 percent in 2019. With a full-year CTA category. All the funds that do not fit in to follow. advance of 13.6 for 2018, the fund was the industry’s any of these four categories are classified as third-best performer in what was the Nordic hedge “multi-strategy.” fund industry’s worst year since 2008. 38 39
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