ZERO Road to Manitoba Road Safety Plan - Manitoba Public Insurance
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Manitoba
Road Safety Plan
2017-2020
Road to
ZERO
Road trauma hurts us all
Contents
Commitment from Stakeholders ..................... 2 Towards Zero and Road Safety Targets........... 12
Message from the Ministers........................... 2 What is Towards Zero?............................. 12
Message from Chairs of the Provincial Fundamental Principles of
Road Safety Committee............................. 3 a Towards Zero Approach...................... 13
Road Safety Targets................................. 13
Current Provincial Road Safety Environment... 4
Personal and Societal Costs of Collisions........ 4 Priorities for Manitoba................................... 14
A Changing Road Safety Landscape................. 7 Research and Data Collection...................... 15
Infrastructure........................................... 7 Priorities for Safe Vehicles.............................. 16
Emerging Vehicle Technologies................... 7 Priorities for Safe Roads in Manitoba............. 18
Active Transportation................................ 7 Priorities for Safe Road Users in Manitoba..... 20
Pedestrian and Cycling Safety.............. 7 Evolving a Traffic Culture in Manitoba....... 21
Changing Demographics........................... 8 Enforcement........................................... 22
Emerging Road Safety Issues...................... 9 Education............................................... 23
Distraction......................................... 9 Public Policy and Legislation.................... 24
Impairment by Drugs........................ 10 Medically At-Risk Drivers......................... 25
Priorities for Safe Speeds in Manitoba............ 26
The Safe Systems Approach........................... 11
Ensuring Progress.......................................... 29
Commitment from Stakeholders
Message from the Ministers
The vision of the It is our privilege to present the This Plan, developed in collaboration
2017-2020 Road Safety Plan by Manitoba leaders in road safety, will
Road Safety Plan is for Manitoba. use evidence based approaches and
state-of-practice tools to examine new
for Manitoba to have Each year, on average nearly 90 people and innovative ways to reduce traffic
the safest roads in are killed and over 400 are seriously
injured on Manitoba’s rural and urban
fatalities and injuries in Manitoba.
The Plan will be ever changing, and
Canada and we are roadways. These people are not just adapt to the needs of all Manitobans.
numbers, they are our loved ones and
committed to one close friends. The only acceptable Everyone has a part to play in achieving
day achieving zero number of deaths, as a result of a traffic our vision of having the safest roads in
collision, is zero. Safe roads should be Canada and zero road fatalities. Our
traffic fatalities on expected by everyone. Ourselves, our province is committed to working
families, and our friends. cooperatively and collaboratively to
our roadways. identify and implement solutions that
The vision of the Road Safety Plan is for work for all Manitobans.
Manitoba to have the safest roads in
Canada and we are committed to one
day achieving zero traffic fatalities on Honourable Ron Schuler
our roadways. By adopting the Safe Minister of Infrastructure
Systems Approach, we understand that
people will make mistakes. In Manitoba,
we aspire to have a road system where Honourable Cliff Cullen
emerging vehicle technology; road Minister of Crown Services
design, construction and maintenance;
traffic safety legislation and enforcement;
and safe travel speeds all contribute to
the forgiveness of these mistakes and
mitigate risks so ultimately driver errors
do not result in death or serious injury.
2 Road to Zero
Message from the Chairs of Provincial Road Safety Committee
Manitoba’s changing It is with great pleasure that we present Road safety is the responsibility of all
the 2017–2020 Road Safety Plan Manitobans; from the transportation
road safety environment for Manitoba. system administrators who design and
construct our roads and enact legislation,
requires a proactive We would like to thank the many road to vehicle manufacturers who develop
safety stakeholders, partners and
approach where all organizations who have collaborated
and support emerging safety technology,
to police officers who enforce traffic laws,
stakeholders and and contributed in the development of and to every person that uses our roads.
the Manitoba Road Safety Plan. Together we can achieve our vision of
partners work zero traffic fatalities and make our
We are very appreciative of the
collectively to reduce tremendous commitment shown by
roads the safest in Canada, for the
benefit of our families, neighbours
traffic fatalities. all parties in identifying road safety
and communities.
priorities for Manitoba and their
willingness to work together on
strategic action items to one day achieve
our ultimate goal of zero fatalities on
Co-Chairs of Provincial Road
our highways and roads. The further
Safety Committee
commitment to come together to find
made-in-Manitoba solutions to these Ward Keith
issues is an important step and ensures Vice-President
all provincial road safety initiatives and Business Development & Communications
interventions are aligned and supported. and Chief Administrative Officer
Manitoba Public Insurance
Manitoba’s changing road safety
environment requires a proactive
approach where all stakeholders and Ron Weatherburn
partners work collectively to reduce Assistant Deputy Minister
traffic fatalities. The Plan will consider Engineering and Operations Division
current and emerging vehicle Manitoba Infrastructure
technologies, infrastructure designs,
road safety policy and legislation,
enforcement strategies, and emergence
of new road safety issues such as the
legalization of cannabis.
Road to Zero 3
Current Provincial
Road Safety Environment
Personal and Societal Costs of Collisions
Over the last two decades, motor
vehicle-related fatalities and serious Traffic Fatalities in Manitoba from 2006 to 2015
injuries have declined significantly
on Manitoba roadways. These
120
improvements have been achieved
despite increases to the province’s
population; number of vehicles 100
registered; and licensed drivers
Nombre de décès
on Manitoba roadways, over the
80
same period.
Despite clear declines in motor 60
vehicle-related casualties, the personal
and societal costs of collisions, injuries
40
and fatalities continue to be significant.
The annual social cost of motor vehicle
collisions in Manitoba (in terms of 20
loss of life, medical treatment,
rehabilitation, lost productivity, 0
property damage, etc.) are estimated 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
at $6.4 million per fatality and $133,000
per injury. When these costs are applied Nombre de décès Tendance du nombre de décès (2006 à 2015)
to the number of fatalities and injuries,
the societal costs of traffic fatalities
and injuries were over $2 billion in Total collisions in Manitoba from 2011–2015
2013, or approximately three per cent of
Manitoba’s gross domestic product.
45,000
Over the past five years (2011-2015), 41,819 41,748
on average, there were 39,492 collisions 40,672
38,972
in Manitoba resulting in 10,777 40,000
injury victims and 87 fatalities annually.
Collisions
34,302
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Source: Traffic Accident Report Database (2015/16)
4 Road to Zero
Road trauma hurts us all
Injury hospitalizations due to motor vehicle collisions
Number of Cases Length of stay (LOS) Average
2006-2015 2006-2015
8,000 18 Average LOS = 12.2 days
7,000
6,888 Total cases 16 16.9
328
14
6,000 1,062
274 12
5,000 515 11.9
Total Cases
LOS (days)
10
4,000 9.4
9.1
8 8.9
3,000
6
4,709
2,000 4
1,000 2
0 0
Unspecified Pedestrian Cyclist Motorcyclist Vehicle Occupant
Source: Manitoba Health (2015)
Motor vehicle collisions are the fifth a motor vehicle collision is approximately
leading cause of injury-related deaths in 12.2 days, with pedestrians having
Manitoba, a ranking that has remained hospital stays 38.5 per cent longer
constant for the past 10 years. The (average stay 16.9 days). Not surprisingly,
majority of road users hospitalized over older individuals record the longest stays
the past ten years were vehicle occupants in hospital resulting from injury in motor
(68%), followed by pedestrians (15%), vehicle collisions; with Manitobans
motorcyclists (7%) and cyclists (4%). aged 85 with the longest length of stay
Traffic collisions put a strain on averaging almost 25 days, followed by
Manitoba’s health system as the average people aged 75 to 84 (20 days) and 65 to
length of stay in hospital as a result of 74 (19 days).
Road to Zero 5
Current Provincial
Road Safety Environment
Over the past decade, the vast majority collisions occurring in rural areas, are
of traffic related deaths on Manitoba most often noted as driver distraction,
roadways have occurred in rural areas driver impairment, loss of control or
(66%), whereas serious injury collisions driving off the road, speed, and failure
are more evenly split between rural (53%) to yield the right-of-way.
and urban (47%) locations. Contributing
factors, in fatal and serious injury
Fatal crashes in Manitoba Serious injury crashes in
from 2006 –2015 Manitoba from 2006–2015
32%
831 3,050 49%
Fatal Crashes Serious Injury
Total 51% Crashes Total
68%
Urban Rural Urban Rural
Source: Traffic Accident Report Database (2015/16)
6 Road to Zero
A Changing
Road Safety Landscape
There are several key There are also costly maintenance Active Transportation
considerations when introducing leading
reasons for Manitoba’s edge technologies to address road safety Active transportation (AT) promotes
ever-changing road safety concerns. That said, Manitoba is a healthier and more active lifestyle
environment. These factors committed to ensuring value for money through alternative and environmentally
when rebuilding provincial infrastructure friendly modes of transportation;
include the current state such as cycling and walking. Active
and will utilize a return on investment
of infrastructure within the model to prioritize government transportation provides the opportunity
province, the emergence of investment in infrastructure projects. to integrate physical activity into daily
life, and increase social interactions
new vehicle technology, the
Perhaps the biggest challenge for which enhances community vibrancy
prominence of emerging implementing road safety initiatives is in neighbourhoods all across Manitoba.
road safety issues, a identifying mechanisms for sustainable
growing commitment to road safety funding well into the future. Pedestrian and Cycling Safety
anitoba Infrastructure (MI) works
M
active transportation and
with AT stakeholders to safely integrate
safety of vulnerable road Emerging Vehicle AT facilities in highway rights-of-way or
users, and changes to Technologies adjacent to highways, where appropriate,
Manitoba’s population. and invests in AT infrastructure
Autonomous vehicle (AVs)
improvements such as building
technologies are advancing rapidly,
sidewalks on bridges.
providing opportunities and challenges
Infrastructure for policy-makers and regulators. There
Some municipalities within Manitoba
The Manitoba government is committed are several perceived societal benefits
have also developed AT strategies and
to strategic infrastructure investment of AV technology including reductions
action plans to meet the unique and
and forecasts $1.7 billion in strategic in traffic collisions, mitigation of
emerging needs of their communities.
infrastructure investment in 2017/2018. consequences as a result of distracted
For instance, over the last decade, the
Of that investment, nearly $750 million driving, lower vehicle emissions and
City of Winnipeg has invested significant
is committed to road, highways, bridges traffic congestion, and improvements
resources in improving infrastructure,
and flood protection. in fuel efficiency and mobility.
policy and programs in support of cycling
and pedestrian safety.
Even with significant infrastructure There is a need for a strategic and
investment, programming pressures still coordinated approach to AV technology
exist, with many competing demands across Canada. Manitoba continues to
for highway infrastructure dollars. Safety monitor developments in connected and
and standards best practices are currently AV technologies. However, legislative
built into new infrastructure; however, amendments will be required to guide
retrofit projects for existing infrastructure their use, and establish parameters
present a much greater challenge. for their safe operation.
Road to Zero 7
A Changing
Road Safety Landscape
Changing Statistics Canada is predicting a large develop physical and cognitive
increase in the population of seniors over restrictions, although not all seniors
Demographics the next few decades. In 2010, fewer than have conditions which affect the safety
The steady growth of Manitoba’s 117,000 Manitobans aged 65 years and of their driving. This aging population
population has been driven by increases older held a valid driver’s licence. In may require additional safety measures
in immigration, less outbound migration, keeping with population projections, or interventions to keep them and other
and natural growth. As immigration this segment of drivers could rise to Manitobans safe on the road, and
numbers increase many new approximately 161,000 by 2021. provincial/municipal road infrastructure
Manitobans may lack knowledge of As seniors age, they are more likely to may need to be modified.
rules and safe practices on Canadian
roads; not only as drivers, but also as
pedestrians and cyclists. This Plan will Manitobans aged 65 plus years and holding
consider additional driver training for
new arrivals seeking a driver’s licence and
a valid driver’s licence
orientation of safe road practices as a
pedestrian or cyclist for new Manitobans. 180,000
Manitobans 65+ Holding Valid Licence
The majority (56%) of Manitoba’s 160,000
population resides in the provincial 161,000
capital, Winnipeg, with the balance 140,000
157,339
dispersed throughout the province.
Over the years, migration from rural 120,000
areas to urban locations has created a
population imbalance that places 100,000
117,000
considerable strain on resources to
meet the demands of growth, but still 80,000
maintain a vast infrastructure network
in areas with declining population. 60,000
40,000
20,000
34% increase in the number 0
2010 2015 2021 (projected)
of drivers 65+ from 2010 to 2015 Source: Traffic Accident Report Database (2015/16)
with projections suggesting this
will continue to climb.
8 Road to ZeroEmerging Road Over the last four years (2012-2015), decline in serious injury or fatal collisions
on average, distracted driving was a in Manitoba. Under Manitoba’s
Safety Issues contributing factor in 32 per cent of Highway Traffic Act, using a
Progress has been made over the past motor vehicle collisions in Manitoba hand-operated electronic device while
decade to reduce the number of motor causing death and 22 per cent of collisions driving has been prohibited since July
vehicle-related fatalities and serious resulting in serious injury. These numbers 2010. Manitoba also leads the country
injuries, but road safety stakeholders continue to climb each year. Distractions with the highest demerit level compared
in Manitoba must remain diligent can occur both within and outside the to other Canadian jurisdictions, though
on important issues such as alcohol vehicle. External distractions include most Canadian jurisdictions have
impairment, distraction, drug impairment, other vehicles, cyclists or pedestrians and introduced higher fines for using
speed, and non-use of occupant restraints display/advertising signs both within hand-held electronic devices. The
that continue to play a role in contributing and adjacent to road rights-of-way. consequences of distracted driving are
to motor vehicle-related collisions and Common internal distractions include as serious as impaired driving,
casualty results in Manitoba. That said, handling of a hand-held electronic device, leading many Canadian jurisdictions
driver distraction and impairment by in-vehicle visual technology, interacting to adopt legislative sanctions similar
drugs are two priority issues that may with passengers, eating, grooming or to those found in impaired driving
significantly alter road user risk and reading. With smart phone ownership legislation. Changing public perception
impact collision and casualty results increasing and new visual technologies and behaviour requires leveraging the
in the future, if left unattended. continuously being introduced in vehicles, right combination of tools —public
it is reasonable to believe distraction will education, legislation and
Distraction remain an important safety issue now enforcement—to make distracted
Since 2013, distraction has contributed and in the future. driving as socially unacceptable as
to more total vehicle collisions in impaired driving. Additionally,
Manitoba than any other recorded factor. Recent implementation of legislative enhanced protocols with respect to
countermeasures to combat distracted display/advertising signs may also
driving has not yet resulted in a major need to be considered.
Distracted driving 10,000 9,463
9,000 8,468
vs. other 8,000
contributing 7,000 6,709
Collisions
factors: multi-year 6,000
5,000 4,780
Distracted driving 4,000
Speed 3,000
3,076 3,092
Fail to yield right-of-way 2,000 2,418
2,062 2,174 2,272
1,891
Lost control/Drive off road 1,000 1,378
1,598 1,415 1,598
1,064 123 119 115 140
Impaired driving 0
2012 2013 2014 2015
Source: Traffic Accident Report Database (2015/16)
Road to Zero 9A Changing
Road Safety Landscape
Impairment by Drugs legislation may have on the prevalence of Manitoba’s road safety environment is
drugs and driving in Manitoba. In response evolving as new issues and technologies
In June 2016, the Government of Canada
to this need, Manitoba Public Insurance emerge and demographic conditions
announced its intention to legalize
partnered with MADD Canada in 2016 on change. This changing environment
the recreational use of cannabis. Once
a series of roadside surveys in Manitoba to creates new challenges for improving
recreational use of cannabis is legalized,
determine the prevalence of both alcohol road safety and ultimately reducing
it is anticipated that cannabis usage
and drug use in drivers. Results showed one fatalities and serious injuries on
will increase, which may result in more
in ten Manitoba drivers who participated Manitoba roadways. The Road Safety Plan
people driving while impaired by drugs
in the survey tested positive for some form will provide guidance and direction to all
in Manitoba. Recent research examining
of drug, with cannabis (53%) and cocaine road safety stakeholders as we navigate
multiple studies about the effects of
(31%) being most common among those change and prepare for the future.
cannabis on driving performance concluded
testing positive. By comparison, only Sources
that cannabis doubled the risk of crash
2.4 per cent of drivers had a blood alcohol
[i]
Asbridge, M., Hayden, J.A., & Cartwright, J.L. (2012).
involvement.[i] It should also be noted that “Acute cannabis consumption and motor vehicle collision
concentration (BAC) greater than nil risk: Systematic review of observational studies and
a large volume of research demonstrates meta-analysis.” British Medical Journal, 344, e536
(un-weighted). These results establish [ii]
Bramness, Jørgen G., Hassan Zaré Khiabani, and Jørg
that drivers who have been using cannabis Mørland. “Impairment due to cannabis and ethanol:
a baseline against which future surveys
in combination with alcohol are at clinical signs and additive effects.” Addiction 105.6
can be compared and will provide critical (2010): 1080-1087.
significantly greater risk of collision. [ii] [iii] [iv] [iii]
Downey, Luke A., et al. “The effects of cannabis and
data that help to determine the impact alcohol on simulated driving: influences of dose and
experience.” Accident Analysis & Prevention 50 (2013):
Manitoba has led the way provincially of legislation, enforcement and safety 879-886.
and introduced the Cannabis Harm promotion and awareness campaigns in [iv]
Ronen, Adi, et al. “The effect of alcohol, THC and their
combination on perceived effects, willingness to drive
Prevention Act in 2017 to provide interim the ongoing fight against impaired driving. and performance of driving and non-driving tasks.”
Accident Analysis & Prevention 42.6 (2010): 1855-1865.
measures, including licence suspension
for cannabis impairment, prohibiting
cannabis consumption in vehicles on public
roads, and restricting the transportation Proportion of drivers testing positive for drugs
of cannabis in vehicles, that will protect
Manitobans during the period before new
federal cannabis and impaired driving
53%
Cannabis
legislation is fully implemented. Manitoba
31%
will continue to work with other provincial
counterparts to ensure administrative laws
are as effective as they can be in reducing Cocaine
drug impaired driving. Manitoba legislators
require a nimble approach to ensure
recreational cannabis use does not result in
Drug Negative
90%
Drug Positive
10% 12%
Opioids
a new road safety problem.
Nationally, there is a significant lack of 2%
Benzodiazepines
research and empirical evidence on the issue
of drugs and driving. Further research is
needed to better understand this emerging Tested Cases
2%
Amphetamines/
issue and potential implications new
1,230 Methamphetamines
10 Road to ZeroThe Safe Systems Approach
The Canadian Council holistically and strengthened; including § educating the public on the
roads, speeds, vehicles and road users. preventability of collisions and
of Motor Transport In a Safe Systems Approach, all those who instilling a traffic safety culture; and
Administrators (CCMTA) design and maintain the road system,
Road Safety Strategy (RSS) and those who use it, must share in the § ensuring that vehicles are designed,
responsibility for road safety outcomes. manufactured, and repaired as safely
2025 supports a long-term as possible.
vision of making Canada’s A Safe Systems Approach, therefore,
roads the safest in the focuses on: A Safe Systems Approach requires
commitment and collaboration
world. As well, a number § designing infrastructure that is
between all levels of government and
of principles key to the forgiving of mistakes and protects
private sector stakeholders with a mutual
vulnerable road users;
strategy’s success have been interest in road safety. It also requires
aligned with international § ensuring that speed limits are safe strategic planning, long-term thinking,
and appropriate, and speeds are and sustained funding commitments.
best practices in road safety,
managed so other parts of the system
including adopting the work as intended;
Safe Systems Approach.
Manitoba’s Road Safety
Plan aligns with Canada’s Enforcement
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Road to Zero 11Towards Zero and
Road Safety Targets
What is Towards Zero?
A Towards Zero strategy supports the
vision of a future which is free of traffic
fatalities or severe injuries. Towards Zero
is an ethics-based approach for traffic
safety, and is a variation of Vision
Zero — started in Sweden in the late
1990s. The core principle for both is that
it is unacceptable for anyone to be killed
or seriously injured when moving within
the road transport system. Towards Zero
suggests responsibility for the safety of
all road users is shared by road users,
transportation system administrators
(including politicians, designers,
construction and maintenance workers,
facility owners and operators), and
vehicle manufacturers.
Towards Zero maintains that while not
all types of crashes may be prevented,
traffic deaths and severe injuries are
preventable. Towards Zero concurs with
a Safe Systems Approach that people will
make mistakes and that the human body
is not designed to absorb the high impact
forces that occur in motor vehicle
collisions. Therefore, the focus is not on
avoiding all collisions, but rather on
lowering the likelihood of crashes
resulting in death or severe injury. A safe
system with an emphasis on data-driven
solutions is needed to protect all roads
users (in particular, vulnerable road users)
from their own or others’ mistakes.
12 Road to ZeroTo align itself with current national and international
best practices, Manitoba’s Road Safety Plan supports
the Towards Zero approach to traffic safety.
Towards Zero calls for a range of § t hough behavioral change is still an trending over the next ten years in the
holistic solutions, but sets the highest important aspect of the approach, societal cost of collisions in Manitoba
level of responsibility on system improved system administration on a per capita basis.
administrators. This, in itself, may (to the extent it is possible) becomes
require a change in traffic safety the primary focus The Plan intends to measure progress over
culture — allowing for greater a ten year time-frame allowing for a clearer
innovation, higher levels of public § s peed is recognized and prioritized view of trends and progress towards zero
funding towards roadways, and as a fundamental factor in crash deaths. Monitoring progress over a ten
creating stronger legislation. severity year period enables the identification of
improvement strategies and incremental
§p
ublic engagement and support is gains, but removes impetuous response to
Fundamental Principles of critical in advancing and implementing year-to-year fluctuations.
a Towards Zero Approach Towards Zero strategies
It will take time to develop and
There are some basic elements that implement key strategic actions that
form the foundation of a Towards Road Safety Targets address the priorities within the
Zero approach: Manitoba’s Road Safety Plan will follow Plan (as outlined in the next section),
§ traffic deaths and severe injuries the RSS 2025 model, and will seek to therefore numeric performance targets
are understood to be preventable accelerate previous downward trends have not been created for the first three
in the rate-based number of fatalities years of Manitoba’s Road Safety Plan.
§ human life and health are and serious injuries on provincial and Manitoba may consider setting numeric
prioritized within all aspects municipal roadways. Overall performance targets, after the initial three year period,
of the transportation system will be measured by an annual downward upon review of the rate of downward
trending over the next ten years in trending at the time.
§ human error is unavoidable, and fatalities and serious injuries per 100,000
transportation systems should be population, as well as, downward
forgiving of this
Road to Zero 13Priorities for Manitoba Identifying priorities for each will guide future strategic Research priorities impact quadrant of the Safe Systems actions, public policy and each quadrant of the Safe Approach focuses our efforts legislative countermeasures, Systems Approach and are in pursuit of our targets. safety interventions, and identified separately.. These priorities for Safe resource allocation and Vehicles, Safe Roads, Safe investment. Road Users and Safe Speeds 14 Road to Zero
Research and Data Collection
Fostering research capacity, data In Manitoba, organizations capture data currently unknown, as data gaps exist
collection and consistency are in response to their own mandated need regarding active transportation use.
overarching goals that span all road and requirement. Manitoba Public A more evidence-based, site-specific
safety priority areas. Comprehensive data Insurance gathers collision and claims road safety review of problematic
collection and analysis is essential for data to administer insurance claims, locations is needed to guide safe
designing effective road safety strategies, inform road safety priorities and infrastructure solutions for vulnerable
determining intervention priorities, initiatives, and to maintain statistical road users.
and monitoring program effectiveness. data for national reporting and provincial
Reliability of data is a key issue when comparative analysis. The health sector Priorities:
developing road safety interventions. gathers data to determine injury cause, § Create a central repository of road
Data quality and effective analysis are severity and hospitalization impact in safety related data, accessible to
fundamental to risk awareness and the facilitation of health care and injury provincial and municipal stakeholders
intervention effectiveness. prevention. Law enforcement gathers and researchers.
data to efficiently and strategically direct
Collaboration with other provincial, policing resources. Municipalities and § Collaborate on research projects
municipal and territorial partners on road the province collect data to set (multi-partner funding agreements).
safety research initiatives will strengthen priorities for public works and
consistency and consensus for data infrastructure. Greater collaboration § Expand research and intelligence
collection, address potential data gaps on what data is collected, and for what as primary drivers for road safety
and enable better inter-jurisdictional purpose, is needed. Further, to the extent decision making.
data comparison and evaluation. possible, consolidating this data and
storing it in one place enables all § Evaluate road safety policies, legislation,
stakeholders access to the same programming and interventions to
information for decision making. ensure their effectiveness is measured,
resources are allocated appropriately
Further investigation and insight into and desired outcomes are achieved.
fatal and serious injury collisions could
be gained by increasing research capacity
and augmenting existing collision data
collection across all user modes such
as cars, trucks, buses, pedestrians and
cyclists. Rates of serious injury and death
amongst active transportation users are
Road to Zero 15Priorities for Safe
Manitoba:
Vehicles
Safe
in Manitoba
Road Users
What it looks like on What it looks like in
Manitoba’s road network Manitoba’s culture
Our Vision for Road infrastructure supports Consumers recognize the
Safe Vehicles emerging autonomous vehicle
technology. Within Manitoba’s fleet
benefits of advanced in-vehicle
safety features, including driver
of vehicles, there is widespread use assist and autonomous technologies,
of advanced driver assist and seek, invest in, and readily
technologies and, eventually, adopt those features.
fully autonomous vehicles.
Though fully autonomous vehicles on of the vehicle to avoid a collision when a identified as the critical reason for
Manitoba roads may be a decade human driver fails to do so. This can have 94 per cent of all recorded crashes.
(or more) away, significant safety a significant impact to road safety Therefore, the impact of technologies
advancements have already been made as more vehicles on Manitoba roadways in removing the human action (or
to vehicle technology. Advanced safety are equipped with such technology. decision),which was most often the critical
features (including collision avoidance, reason for a collision, could be dramatic.
lane departure alerts, pedestrian According to data from the National
detection, and auto-braking systems) Highway Traffic Safety Association’s
are becoming standard equipment in National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation
new vehicles. These systems take control Survey (2005 to 2007) the driver was
16 Road to ZeroRoad trauma hurts us all
Preparing for
Industry Change
2025
In the Internet
2021 of cars,
Several connected
2018 manufacturers cars will
Half of the expect to
2017 Manitoba fleet have fully
communicate
with each other
Testing of
2015 autonomous
will represent autonomous and with their
vehicles with (driverless) insurance
Ford introduces vehicles is
2010 aluminum-body
at least some vehicles on company.
underway in complex the road.
Aluminum and F-150 pickup cities around materials.
composite truck. the world, and
materials start ongoing tests of
to become robo-taxi fleets
commonplace. are expected
to expand.
Manitoba’s Highway Traffic Act Strategies to manage the transition Priorities:
establishes requirements and from existing vehicle technology to
§ Promote early adoption of automated
prohibitions for “drivers” and “persons”. new autonomous vehicle technology
vehicle technologies that promote
Currently, Manitoba legislation is are required to ensure concerns or
road safety.
designed for traditional motor vehicles issues with advancing technology are
with human drivers in control of the identified early, and strategies are § Expand safety research of emerging
vehicle. Amendments to regulatory developed to deal with them. technology, autonomous technology
frameworks are required to allow for pilot in particular.
testing and evaluation of autonomous § Address challenges with technology
vehicles and emerging technologies, transition; ensure infrastructure can
including regional testing of accommodate and interact with
infrastructure in different climates, automated vehicle technologies and
time of day, and weather conditions, in autonomous vehicles can interact
support of autonomous vehicle as they with non-autonomous vehicles.
emerge in the marketplace.
§ Determine how vehicle telematics
may be used to monitor and influence
positive driving behaviour.
Road to Zero 17Priorities for Safe
Manitoba:
Roads
Safe
in Manitoba
Road Users
What it looks like on What it looks like in
Manitoba’s road network Manitoba’s culture
Our Vision for A road network that meets the The rights of all road users to
Safe Roads safety needs of all users. Separate
infrastructure treatments to reduce
access a safe road network is
understood, accepted and
or eliminate conflict between active endorsed. Proven safety
transportation users and motor treatments are implemented.
vehicles. These safety improvements
are incorporated, in a systematic and
formalized way, into road
construction and rehabilitation.
18 Road to ZeroRoad trauma hurts us all
Many Manitobans enjoy an active and Currently in Manitoba, at both the Priorities:
healthy lifestyle through alternative provincial and municipal level, traffic
§ Improve safety for all vulnerable road
and environmentally responsible engineers and road designers have
users through smart road design.
modes of active transportation, such as established practices whereby safety
walking and biking. The Provincial Road improvements to existing infrastructure § Align active transportation strategies
Safety Committee recognizes a direct are incorporated into rehabilitation and at the municipal and provincial levels,
connection between the protection of re-construction projects on an as needed and meet the ever-changing needs
vulnerable road users, their perceived project-by-project basis. Further safety of Manitobans.
safety, and the further adoption of benefits would be achieved through a
active transportation. more formalized and systemic approach § Build capacity for research and data
in incorporating road safety within collection on site specific location
Vulnerable road users include people on new and existing infrastructure, and solutions—in both urban and rural
foot, people who use mobility devices to to ensure compatibility with the municipalities (to better understand
travel, and people on bikes (motorized Safe Systems Approach. where the problems are, what the issue
and human powered). They are is, and what the possible solutions
particularly at risk of being killed or Additionally, improved capture of might be).
seriously injured when sharing the comprehensive collision data, network
roadway with motorists as they do not analysis and site prioritization across § Implement a formalized and
have the impact protection afforded to all user modes (i.e. car, truck, bus, systemic approach in incorporating
people inside vehicles. When speeds motorcycle, pedestrian, or cyclist) would infrastructure improvements that
rise, especially on the rural high speed allow for installation of site-specific enhance safety.
highway network, this risk becomes safety treatments, or combination of
greater. Limiting the interaction between treatments, that have the greatest
motor vehicles and vulnerable road users, potential for collision reductions based
or enhancing infrastructure to separate on specific collision history.
them altogether, can improve safety
and reduce human toll. The protection
of vulnerable road users is of the
utmost importance and province-wide
collaboration and cooperation between
all levels of government towards these
efforts is essential to enhance safety.
Road to Zero 19Priorities for Safe Road Users
in Manitoba
What it looks like on What it looks like in
Manitoba’s road network Manitoba’s culture
Our Vision Road users demonstrate safe Manitobans understand their
for Safe practices and comply with
safety legislation.
role and are united in their
commitment to reduce collision
Roads Users Enhanced enforcement
deters high risk and
fatalities and injuries.
High risk behaviours like
unlawful behaviours. distracted driving, impaired driving,
speeding, and non-use of seatbelts,
are socially unacceptable.
20 Road to ZeroRoad trauma hurts us all
Evolving a Traffic Safety and are afforded care and consideration. Seatbelts and child restraints help protect
Such awareness campaigns would aim vehicle occupants by keeping them
Culture in Manitoba to raise Manitobans’ expectations for a restrained in a collision, and though most
higher level of safety practice on the road. occupants wear a restraint in Manitoba,
Culture consists of the “beliefs, values,
not all occupants are properly restrained at
norms, and things people use, which guide
In adopting a traffic safety culture, all times and run the risk of being injured
their social interactions in everyday life” [v].
Manitobans will recognize their every day or killed from impacting the inside of the
Traffic safety culture, therefore, refers to
actions can contribute to an improved road vehicle or being ejected from the vehicle.
the influences under the surface that drive
safety environment for all. For example, In Manitoba, an occupant in a motor
our attitudes and behaviours regarding
by staying alert at all times and not using vehicle is 28 times more likely to be killed
road safety. To actively address traffic
a hand-held device while driving, vehicle and five times more likely to be seriously
safety culture in Manitoba, the province
operators can focus on the task of driving injured when not wearing a seatbelt.
will be proactive in changing the mindset
and be able to take safe evasive action Adopting a traffic safety culture where
of Manitobans about road safety and
to avoid a collision should something occupant restraints are used correctly by
encourage a traffic safety culture where all
unexpected occur. Placing their safety and every vehicle occupant on every trip (even
road users have a heightened awareness of
safety of others ahead of anything else short ones), can have a positive impact
the consequences of unsafe behaviour (such
would make it socially unacceptable to in reducing the number of fatalities or
as distraction, speeding or impairment) and
use a hand-held device while travelling in a serious injuries on Manitoba roads.
are willing to change their behaviour in the
interest of safety for all road users. vehicle. Gains may be achieved by altering
Priorities:
the attitudes and behaviour of people who
value staying connected more than safety. § Evolve and improve the traffic
Studies have shown that well planned
safety culture in Manitoba.
and executed public awareness
campaigns, paired with active Also, though research shows drivers who § Reduce driver distraction on
enforcement and strong legislation, have used drugs are at an increased risk Manitoba roadways.
can increase awareness of serious road of getting into a motor vehicle collision
§ Reduce impaired driving, both
safety issues while simultaneously and have crash rates higher than those
alcohol and drug impairment,
reducing traffic collisions, deaths and of sober drivers, many Manitobans
on Manitoba roadways.
serious injuries. Media and awareness do not perceive the risk associated
campaigns also encourage people to with operating a motor vehicle after § Persuade Manitobans to use occupant
think about their attitudes and choices, consuming drugs, and many believe their restraints properly and consistently—
clear up commonly held misperceptions, driving ability improves. For instance, including seatbelts, child restraint
and can assist in establishing new social awareness around the use of marijuana systems, and mobility aid securement.
norms. All of these elements are vital in affecting reaction time and concentration
is not widely known or accepted. § Improve safety of youth on our roads.
helping to establish a new traffic safety
culture that contributes to a positive Considerable work is required to change
environment where all people, regardless the social norms and misconceptions
of their transportation method, require relating to drug use and driving.
[v]
Moeckli J, Lee JD, “The making of driving cultures” AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety (2007), p. 62.
Road to Zero 21Priorities for Safe
Manitoba:
Road Users
Safe
in Manitoba
Road Users
Enforcement
Traffic law enforcement, which covers
the entire enforcement process, from
detection of a violation through to
conviction and applying a penalty, is an
important instrument to improve traffic
law compliance. Under the Safe Systems
Approach, to maximize the effect on road
safety, traffic law enforcement should
prevent violations that are proven to be
linked to collisions.
Police enforcement refers to the work
of police agencies in detecting traffic
violations, administering penalties,
and gathering evidence for prosecution.
Visible and consistent police enforcement
has been demonstrated to be an
effective strategy in deterring risky
driving behaviours such as alcohol
impaired driving, speeding and
distracted driving.
Automated traffic enforcement As part of a comprehensive strategy Priorities:
technologies, such as speed and red light grounded in Safe Systems Approach and
§ Target enforcement to deter actions
enforcement technologies complement Towards Zero foundations, collaboration
that put people at risk on the road.
existing law enforcement efforts in and engagement with law enforcement
enforcing high risk locations. Expanded to select and target the most dangerous § Embed traffic safety culture into
use of automated enforcement, utilizing traffic behaviours for enforcement efforts general police operations.
data to target specific locations, would is vital to success. Focusing on the top
improve enforcement coverage in five dangerous traffic behaviours, rather § Explore new enforcement methods
problem areas across Manitoba. than lower level infractions that do not and technology.
benefit safety efforts has proven to be
The Plan will consider other emerging
best practice for police enforcement.
enforcement technologies and best
practice from other jurisdictions when
developing strategic action items
relating to enforcement, to be as
effective as possible in reducing risky
driving behaviours.
22 Road to ZeroRoad trauma hurts us all
Education Road safety education has been and strategies, early on, provides the
successful in reducing dangerous driver necessary foundation that fosters an
Driver training and education provides behaviour by influencing people’s improved road safety environment,
a safety foundation for all new drivers in perceptions of specific types of as children grow and become drivers
Manitoba. Evidence suggests that novice dangerous actions and altering well themselves. Currently, road safety learning
driver education is a meaningful and established social norms. However, outcomes are not consistently managed
effective approach to reducing traffic not all road users are drivers. Safety or applied in schools across Manitoba.
collisions, especially injury or fatal education directed to pedestrians and Greater attention is required in improving
collisions. Studies indicate that novice cyclists, both young and old, can road safety learning outcomes for young
drivers who complete Manitoba Public contribute to a greater understanding road users, and first time drivers.
Insurance’s High School Driver Education of the rules of the road and safe
(HSDE) have lower collision and traffic practices, even if they are not drivers. Priorities:
offense conviction rates than those
§ Increase access to driver education
who have not completed the course. Through a life-long learning approach,
programs across Manitoba.
Increasing access to driver training Manitoba school-aged children have
for all different groups in all areas of been introduced to road safety learning § Improve road safety outcomes for
the province, including rural and outcomes in an effort to improve their young road users and novice drivers.
remote communities, is of the knowledge, skills and behaviour as
utmost importance. cyclists and pedestrians. It is believed § Enhance education for cyclists and
introduction to road safety concepts pedestrians to improve safety.
People are...
28x
more likely to be killed
in a collision when not
and 5x more likely
to be seriously injured in
a collision when not
wearing a seatbelt wearing a seatbelt.
Road to Zero 23Priorities for Safe Road Users
in Manitoba
Public Policy to combat distracted driving such as joint decision-making on infrastructure
increased fines and demerits, short-term and land use planning/development.
and Legislation administrative licence suspensions, Display/advertising signs must also be
Currently, there is no overarching policy vehicle impoundment and stricter rules properly managed via public policy
directive or systemic approach to ensure for novice drivers, similar to those for and legislation to help avoid
application of Safe Systems Approach in impaired driving. Manitoba will ensure driver distraction.
Manitoba. The Safe Systems Approach that its policies align with other
considers the human vulnerability and Canadian jurisdictions to proactively Priorities:
limited tolerance to kinetic force as a address this issue. § Pursue aggressive policy and
central principle in its approach to legislation that advances the Safe
legislation and road design and Municipal collaboration and alignment in
Systems Approach and facilitates
operations; for instance, speed limits road safety policy and planning is critical.
road safety progress.
need to suit the in-built function and Future success will depend on increased
design of the road. provincial outreach, support and § Enhance alignment between
knowledge-sharing related to highway provincial and municipal
In recent years, Canadian jurisdictions network collision screening, capital road safety policy.
have implemented significantly broader project management, safety performance
and stricter legislative countermeasures and site specific evaluations to guide
24 Road to ZeroMedically At-Risk Drivers cognitive ability to safely operate a motor Priorities:
vehicle would reduce risk on the road.
As a greater number of Manitobans age, § Increase awareness of medically
some may experience physical and at-risk drivers of all ages.
Should more individuals be determined
cognitive changes affecting their as medically at-risk to drive, improving
§ Pursue expansion of reporting
driving ability and increasing their risk the affordability and accessibility of
requirements to include a broader
of collision. Greater awareness by mature transportation options is important
range of health care practitioners.
drivers, their families, and medical to sustaining health and quality of life.
professionals who understand how People who can no longer safely drive § Raise awareness of risks, assessments,
physical and cognitive conditions affect due to conditions impacting cognitive or and resources and accommodations
ability can contribute to sound decision physical ability need access to affordable, for an aging population and people
making about safe driving. convenient and appropriate alternate with varying driving abilities.
transportation options.
In Manitoba, the policies for assessing § Accommodate the needs of medically
medical fitness to drive are based on at-risk vulnerable road users.
The Medical Standards for Drivers,
published by the Canadian Council
of Motor Transport Administrators.
These guidelines reflect a commitment
to medical standards that utilize best
evidence available and focus on a patient’s
ability to drive rather than the medical
diagnosis. It also recognizes provinces
and territories have jurisprudence to
individually assess drivers.
Greater awareness of medically at-risk
drivers of all ages is needed to ensure
medically at-risk drivers are identified at
an earlier stage, and accommodations
can be offered. Expanding reporting
obligations to include more health
care professionals (beyond doctors and
optometrists) with relevant expertise to
assess the potential impact of medical
conditions on a person’s physical and
Road to Zero 25Priorities for Safe Speeds
in Manitoba
What it looks like on What it looks like in
Manitoba’s road network Manitoba’s culture
Our Vision Incorporation of environmental and Speeding is not tolerated
for physical changes to support lower
travel speeds. Alignment of driver
or socially accepted.
Manitobans understand
Safe Speeds perceptions of safe travel speeds and
speeds that are posted. New and
and accept the link between
speed and collision likelihood
emerging speed enforcement and severity.
methods are readily used. Increases
in transportation efficiency do
not impact safety.
Safe Speeds
The speed drivers travel greatly than 40 km/h in some urban tremendous challenge. But once this
influences the chance of surviving a areas. However, altering speed limits change is understood, in the spirit of
collision, regardless of what caused the in developed communities and traffic safety culture, road users are more
collision in the first place. Therefore, neighbourhoods, which offer well likely to comply with speed limits and
ensuring that speed limits are established external cues to drivers drive to road conditions.
appropriate for the roadway and vehicles on perceived safe travel speed, is a
traveling upon it, and creating an
environment which supports lower travel
speeds are important steps in reducing Pedestrian risks increase with higher speeds
the number of crashes, which cause
If hit by a vehicle driving at: Person survives the collision Person does not survive the collision
serious injury or death.
75% 25%
Safe speeds should suit the function and
40 km/h
level of safety of the road. Setting speed
limits is based on injury minimization
within the Safe Systems Approach. This
means speed limits are set according to 50 km/h 45% 55%
collision types that are likely to occur, the
impact forces that result from collisions,
and the human body’s tolerance to
withstand crash forces. This may mean
15% 85%
reducing rural speeds to 80 km/h where 60 km/h
a 100 km/h open road limit is not safe or
encouraging speed limits equal to or less
26 Road to ZeroPublic policy focused on a Safe Systems Currently, there is an accepted tolerance The Safe Systems Approach incorporates
Approach could resolve competing for speed in Manitoba. This may be a the basic premise that the severity of a
pressures concerning the public and result of lower perceived risk of having traffic injury is directly related to the force
business sectors. On one hand, safety a collision in rural areas due to of the collision and the resulting impact
advocate groups demand lower speed unobstructed sight lines and level on the body. Speeds need to be controlled
limits around emergency and roadside terrain. Driving 10 km/h over the limit is by a combination of policy, technology,
workers, schools and construction conventional and misguided practice for road safety culture and infrastructure
sites, while transportation and many Manitobans. Given the number of design to a level corresponding with the
business sectors demand higher speeds fatal collisions in rural areas, attitudes inbuilt safety of the road system itself.
for greater efficiency and movement of towards exceeding the limit on higher
goods between communities and across speed highways requires a significant Priorities:
borders. Furthermore, trade-offs between adjustment. At the same time, reducing § Examine new speed management
accessibility and mobility across the the tolerance for exceeding the speed strategies to lower risk.
provincial highway network regarding limit and aggressive driving in urban
safe accommodation of traffic volumes, areas can contribute to the reduction § Change the culture on speed
traffic mix, adjacent land use and signage of serious injury and fatal collisions. in Manitoba.
placement, and active transportation
require additional consideration in policy
and planning.
Acceptability of going over speed limit in ideal weather conditions
50% January 2017 Polling : SPEEDING
45%
40% 44%
35% 39% 39%
30%
25%
20%
22%
15% 19%
10% 13%
12%
5% 3%
6% 1%
0
None Up to 5 km/h 6 to 9 km/h 10 km/h Over 10 km/h
Streets in cities/towns Highways
Road to Zero 2728 Road to Zero
Ensuring Progress
Effective road safety planning and At the start of each year, the Provincial Community engagement
implementation begins with informed Road Safety Committee will provide a activity:
decision making through multi-sectoral Manitoba Road Safety Plan Progress
§ Summary of committees, working
collaboration. Achieving meaningful Report summarizing the actions taken
groups, and other formal meetings
change requires the participation to make Manitoba roads safer, and their
planned and held throughout the
and commitment from all road safety safety outcomes.
year with local municipalities,
stakeholders and partners namely
This progress report will also be shared with representatives of First Nations,
government, road safety advocacy
the Canadian Council of Motor Transport socio-economic groups, government
groups, motor vehicle manufacturers, law
Administrators to demonstrate Manitoba’s approved interveners, and other
enforcement officers, health professionals,
contribution and progress toward Canada’s advocates with an interest in
and Manitoba Public Insurance. This Plan
Road Safety Strategy 2025. road safety.
brings all provincial parties together to
jointly establish road safety priorities
The Manitoba Road Safety Plan
and collectively pursue strategic actions The Manitoba identifies priorities for road safety
best suited for Manitoba. Through
ongoing collaboration and support of a Road Safety Plan stakeholders over the next three
years and sets the framework for
safe systems approach, Manitoba aims
to make meaningful change in its traffic
Progress Report collaboration and the development
of strategic actions to address these
safety culture and continue a downward will include: priorities. This is the first Plan in what
trend in the number of fatalities and
is envisioned as an ongoing strategic
serious injuries related to motor Progress ‘Towards Zero’: approach to road safety, and the
vehicle collisions.
§A
high level and visual summary ongoing review and renewal of the
illustrating incremental progress Plan is envisioned in the future.
All Manitobans share responsibility for
made using key targets defined
road safety outcomes. The sharing of
earlier in the document.
responsibility can only occur when all
parties participate and have a vested
Achievements:
interest in the success of Manitoba’s Road
Safety Plan. §A
listing of new or enhanced
programs, legislation or other
To that end, key stakeholders will be initiatives delivered each year,
engaged when strategic actions are including special research projects
developed in support of the Plan, thereby, undertaken and their results.
ensuring all communities, First Nations
and safety advocacy groups have a voice in
the process and are united on the strategy.
The broader public will also be consulted
and informed through various awareness
initiatives and campaigns about the
meaning and significance of ‘Towards
Zero’ and their important role in reducing
human toll.
Road to Zero 29You can also read
