WHICH PLANT WHERE? Facilitating urban green space - Which Plant Where is about selecting the right plants for the right urban space with an eye on ...
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WHICH PLANT WHERE? Facilitating urban green space Which Plant Where is about selecting the right plants for the right urban space with an eye on the future.
THRIVING URBAN GREEN SPACES More greenery in our towns and cities is imperative for healthy minds, healthy bodies and a healthy environment. A key challenge for greening Australia’s urban environments is to ensure that future plantings are made with trees, shrubs and turf that can tolerate the climate conditions that will occur in the near future. The Which Plant Where program is a five-year research program that will investigate how well current landscaping species will cope under the more extreme climates that Australia’s cities will face and investigate opportunities for new species and varieties for the urban context. The idea of the Which Plant Where project was developed through the 202020Vision national Growing the Seeds tour in 2015. It is being funded via the Hort Frontiers Green Cities Fund, a strategic partnership initiative developed by Hort Innovation that addresses the biggest challenges facing the future of Australian horticulture. Having the confidence that tomorrow’s urban plants will survive and thrive in a changing world is crucial for the long-term viability of our industries and for creating a climate-resilient urban landscape. To ensure that our research and tools are relevant to end-users, the WPW project held five interactive workshops across Australia, bringing together a diverse group of stakeholders including nursery and turf growers, practitioners, developers, landscape planners and designers, as well as state and local government representatives. These workshops attracted over 110 people from 86 organisations. The project will continue to work with all stakeholders over the life of the project. www.whichplantwhere.com.au
MODULE 1 Species Attributes And Climatic Tolerance The first module will focus on fifty plant species identified in the project’s Target Species List, and will develop maps that demonstrate each species’ suitability to both current and future climates across Australia. These maps will be used to demonstrate how well or poorly a particular species will be able to tolerate future conditions in urban centres across Australia as the climate changes, based on our current understanding of species’ climatic requirements. Our research might demonstrate, for example, that a particular species of tree is already at the very limit of its ability to cope with heat, and that the only suitable place to plant this species in the future will be in cool-climate or more temperate locations. This kind of information would be very useful to a council seeking to avoid investing in tree species for street planting that are unlikely to cope with higher temperatures. We will also use information from national herbaria and other sources to quantify each species’ climatic limits - the warmest, coldest, driest or wettest conditions they can cope with. This information will then be tested through the Planting Successes and Failures module of the research programme to ensure that the Interactive Plant Features Tool matches the right plant in the right region with an eye on the future. We will also be working with growers, nurseries, landscape architects and many others to capture their recordings of major plant traits including: • growth rate and form • water quality • height • allergenicity • canopy density • air and water quality influences and urban temperatures • ground cover • insect resistance • longevity • ornamental and amenity features • seasonality • and biodiversity impacts. www.whichplantwhere.com.au
MODULE 2 Successes And Failures There are many factors that contribute to the success or failure of urban plantings. These factors form the basis for the second module of the Which Plant Where research programme: • Climate factors from broad scale temperature and rainfall patterns, to urban heat effects, and local microclimate that determine the ability of plants to survive and thrive. • The environmental conditions to which those species are exposed during establishment (such as soil depth, quality, nutrients, water availability, exposure), as well as pathogen, insect and weed loads, that affect plant survival, performance and health. By working with stakeholders across the plant supply chain, we can obtain a wide range of data on the factors that make or break a successful urban planting. This way, we can learn from what has previously worked and avoid the factors that clearly contribute to reduced planting success, or even failure, in the urban context. How Will We Achieve This? • By identifying partners, such as councils, that are willing to share data and results of historic plantings across a range of urban settings. This will help us to evaluate success rates in relation to environmental and species selection decisions. • By selecting a range of target locations where we can conduct much more detailed and longer-term monitoring of the sites, with consideration of climatic conditions, soil attributes, watering regime, fertiliser use and the presence of pathogens. • By establishing new test-planting sites where we plant a range of species and monitor their performance under contrasting climatic and soil attributes. Here, we are particularly interested in species that are only just coping with current temperatures and rainfall regimes to assess how they respond to more challenging climatic conditions. We are also interested in the additional benefits that urban greening brings to our cities and towns, such as greater numbers of birds, insects and other wildlife, cleaner air and cooler temperatures at street level, and associated benefits to human health and well-being. www.whichplantwhere.com.au
MODULE 3 Heat And Drought-Tolerant Species That Will Thrive Some plants can cope with adverse weather conditions better than others, and it is important to understand just how much heat and drought stress each of our target species could potentially tolerate. Using both glasshouse and field trial sites, we will be subjecting our target species to some of the toughest conditions they are likely to face over the coming century, including: • Lengthy or intense heatwaves, along with • Extensive drought periods or periods of drought followed by intense rainfall • High average temperatures at unusual times of the season This regime will help us understand the abilities of different plants to cope when they are exposed to more than one climate stressor simultaneously. Watering is clearly a crucial element of a plant’s success, and so we will test different watering regimes combined with different soil types and media to obtain information on a plant’s water use efficiency and drought tolerance. In the real-world, plants can be affected by multiple factors at once so it is important for us to impose a combination of conditions that are ‘realistic but tough’ so that we can see how the plants really respond. A Sound Research Process Is Critical One of the most important factors in any research process is to ensure that the results are based on credible, trusted, best-practice research so that stakeholders can be confident that their decisions are based on the most up-to-date information available. That’s why all of our research has to adequately account for realistic climate change, carbon dioxide, heat and temperature, and drought predictions combined with feasible production and management processes for trees and other plants. We will achieve this by working with growers and our partners where possible, and applying the very best established methods of designing research for repeatability, credibility and accuracy. www.whichplantwhere.com.au
MODULE 4 Interactive Plant Features Tool The interactive database will use the data collected in Modules 1, 2 and 3 to build a national tool that helps to select plants against a range of filters. Previously-developed tools provide a good number of options to select plants for purpose, colour, flowering, height or availability, but there are none that are backed by extensive testing of plants under current and future climatic conditions. The Interactive Plant Features Tool aims to offer a large range of filters that include not just plant features but also factors such as safety, amenity value, location and co-benefits. This comprehensive tool will provide guidance and the understanding needed for successful urban plantings across Australia’s urban environment now and into the future. Major planned features of the Interactive Plant Features Tool include: • Maps that show the changes in climate suitability for plants under predicted climate change scenarios • Filters that reflect common urban planting needs, such as rooftops, verges, water-sensitive design, parks or urban forests. Value-added characteristics may include heat mitigation, wildlife and biodiversity benefits, pollinator-friendliness or tolerance to urban constraints such as footpaths. The expected release date of the Interactive Plant Features Tool is 2021. Best-Practice Technical Design Guide Supporting the Interactive Plant Features Tool will be a technical design guide that bases its recommendations for urban plantings on the best research and industry knowledge available. www.whichplantwhere.com.au
MAJOR DELIVERABLES MILESTONE CRITERIA Milestone 1 & 2 Stakeholder engagement, form advisory group, identify possible demonstration sites. Milestone 3 Finalise species list, identify success/failure planting sites. Milestone 4 Standardised screening protocol, establish growth trial sites. Milestone 5 Finalise species trait database and bioclimatic tolerance data. Milestone 6 Expand growth trials with nurseries. Milestone 7 Finalise maps of species distributions. Develop co-benefit assessments at 5 sites. Milestone 8 Develop factsheets of co-benefits of urban planting. Milestone 9 Complete bio-monitoring site data collection. Finalise climate screening of 50 species, develop factsheets for 25 species. Module 2 Hold workshop on biomonitoring outcomes. Milestone 10 Module 3 Conduct final stakeholder workshop on screening, finalisation of commercialisation plan. Module 4 Beta version of online tool. Module 2 Scientific Paper on success/failure of plantings. Milestone 11 Module 4 Completion and launch of online tool, conduct final stakeholder workshop. Milestone 12 Final reporting. www.whichplantwhere.com.au
PROJECT TIMELINE 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Milestone 1 Milestone 2 Milestone 3 Milestone 4 Milestone 5 Milestone 6 Milestone 7 Milestone 8 Milestone 9 Milestone 10 Milestone 11 Milestone 12 www.whichplantwhere.com.au
RESEARCHER PROFILES Professor Michelle Leishman is the Chief Professor David Ellsworth is the Chief Investigator for the Which Plant Where? Investigator for the research program at research program based at Macquarie Western Sydney University’s Hawkesbury University. Institute for the Environment. Professor Leishman has a wealth of Professor Ellsworth brings an incredible experience and expertise in climate wealth of expertise on the impacts from change impacts on plants across a wide elevated carbon dioxide in plants, and range of contexts and the fundamental is currently the Lead Scientist at the effects of rising temperatures and EucFACE experiment. carbon dioxide on native and managed ecosystems. Under the Which Plant Where? project, Professor Ellsworth brings leadership In this research program, Professor and management capabilities to drive Leishman is responsible for: the direction of the research and trials at WSU. He will be primarily responsible • overall research and program for: leadership and management • supervision of researchers, • Management and leadership of the postdoctoral fellows and students overall research program • establishing rigorous processes to • supervision of researchers, ensure high-quality research postdoctoral fellows and students • review of publications, reports and • review and editorial of publications, project outputs reports and guidelines • leadership of stakeholder • facilitation of research meetings and communication, engagement and committees feedback processes • stakeholder engagement, feedback and communication www.whichplantwhere.com.au
RESEARCHER PROFILES Dr Linda Beaumont is a Chief Dr Rachael Gallagher is a Principle Investigator on the research program’s Advisor of the Which Plant Where? module ‘Species attributes and climatic program based at Macquarie University. tolerance’. Rachael is an ecologist specialising in the functional biogeography of Linda has an extensive track record of the Australian flora. She combines research, teaching and public outreach location data from digitised herbarium at Macquarie University, bringing to specimens (which describe the spatial this project a wealth of expertise on occurrence of Australia’s ~20,000 understanding and reducing uncertainty native plant species) with information in species distribution modelling and on their functional traits to map and biological responses to climate change. analyse patterns of plant function in the Australian landscape. Under the Which Plant Where? research program, Linda’s primary responsibilities As part of the Which Plant Where? include: research project, Rachael’s responsibilities include: • coordination of Module 1 Species Attributes and Climatic Tolerance • Advising on the development of the • integration of the results from trait database Module 1, in particular results from • editorial and review of the research the research on species traits and reports, publication and outputs modelling • industry and research engagement • supervision of researchers, • co-supervision of students and postdoctoral fellows and students coordination of researchers • project management, communications and outreach efforts. www.whichplantwhere.com.au
RESEARCHER PROFILES Professor Lesley Hughes is a Chief Dr Muhammad Masood is a Technical Investigator on the Which Plant Where? Officer based at Macquarie University, research program based at Macquarie responsible for the operation of University. glasshouse and growth room facilities. Lesley has extensive experience Muhammad’s major responsibilities and expertise in the impacts that a under the Which Plant Where? program changing climate places on plants and include: ecosystems, and brings to the project well-established industry, research and • management of Macquarie governmental links that will strengthen University’s plant growth facilities the engagement of the project. • support for researchers and experiments Lesley’s responsibilities include: • researcher training for use of facilities • supervision and coordination of • maintenance and installation of researchers, postdoctoral fellows equipment used by the researchers and students at the growth facilities • writing and editorial of reports, publications and other outputs • Expertise on experimental and research design protocols • Contribution to communications and outreach efforts www.whichplantwhere.com.au
RESEARCHER PROFILES Associate Professor Sally Power is a Dr Paul Rymer is a Chief Investigator Chief Investigator for the Which Plant for the Which Plant Where? research Where? research program based program based at the Hawkesbury at the Hawkesbury Institute for the Institute for the Environment at Western Environment at Western Sydney Sydney University with specialist University and explores drought expertise in the ability of plants to adapt sensitivity assessments of the target to changing environmental conditions by species. exploiting their genetic and phenotypic traits. Sally’s research explores how human activities affect processes at the leaf, Through the Which Plant Where? plant and community level, and how program, Paul is responsible for delivery these effects influence ecosystem of the Successes and Failures Module. function and sustainability. Paul’s responsibilities include: In the Which Plant Where? project, Sally’s • planning and implementation of the primary responsibilities include: module and its research design • engagement with stakeholders from • drought sensitivity assessments of industry and research to build on the target species their data and experiences as to • evaluation of the field research what has succeeded and what has on impacts of climate and soils on failed planting successes • research that links plant growth and • contribution to the design, survival to environmental factors implementation and operations of such as soil and climate experiments and their analysis and • ‘picking the winners’ from stress- publication testing research on plants to • co-supervision of students highlight the factors that make plants • community, industry and research resilient engagement and outreach www.whichplantwhere.com.au
RESEARCHER PROFILES Professor Ian Anderson is a Chief Professor Mark Tjoelker is a Chief Investigator on the Which Plant Investigator for the Which Plant Where? program and Director of Where? research program based the Hawkesbury Institute for the at the Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment at Western Sydney Environment at Western Sydney University. Ian specialises in the University. relationships between soil microbes and plants that acts as a major contributor In the Which Plant Where? program, to planting success in many Australian Mark is responsible for advisory and soils. research design on soils and pot size factors, co-supervision of students In the Which Plant Where? program, and industry engagement particularly Ian’s role is for overall strategic direction in connection with other Horticulture and management of the research team Innovation Australia projects. at Western Sydney University, and co- supervision of students. www.whichplantwhere.com.au
RESEARCHER PROFILES Leigh Staas is the Project Manager Dr Nisha Rakhesh is the Research for the Which Plant Where? program, Development Advisor for projects in handling overall project management, association with Horticulture Innovation coordination of meetings and Australia, including the Which Plant workshops, budgets, planning and Where? project. engagement. Based at Hawkesbury Institute for Leigh has an extensive background in the Environment at Western Sydney project management for research and University, Nisha excels at forging manages other environmental and connections through research with scientific research programs underway partners across industry and academia. at Macquarie University. Within this project, Leigh’s major responsibilities include: • project management including planning, implementation and tracking of the program to meet milestones and stay within budget • organisation of the stakeholder and steering committee meetings and workshops • reporting to committees and Horticulture Innovation Australia • development and implementation of communications plans including internal and public outreach, stakeholder engagement and to committees. www.whichplantwhere.com.au
RESEARCHER PROFILES David Thompson is a research engagement and communications specialist based at the Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment at Western Sydney University. Under the Which Plant Where? research program, David contributed to the initial communications design process and supports the team in delivering public, academic and industry communication and outreach. www.whichplantwhere.com.au
ADVISORY GROUP Hamish Mitchell Leanne Fleming Managing Director Research and Innovation Manager Speciality Trees (VIC) Fleming’s Nurseries (VIC) Hamish Mitchell is the owner and Managing Director of Speciality Trees. Leanne holds a science degree and postgraduate horticulture qualifications, and has more than 23 years experience in the industry With a passion for trees in urban environments & a career that and has a range of experience in: spans nearly 30 years in amenity horticulture, plant management & development, production and plant marketing, he is a knowledgable • propagation resource in all areas of tree selection and consultation. • bare root • containerised tree production • street tree installation and maintenance • event and project management • management of quarantine processes (domestic and international) Tim Carroll • broad overview of the nursery industry on state, national and Councils & Key Account Manager international levels Andreasens Green Wholesale Nurseries (NSW) Recognised as the company’s advanced tree specialist, Tim oversees supply of trees to most of the major developers in Sydney as well as councils for their street tree planting programs. Tim conducts the training of all nursery staff in AS2303, quality control and also lead groups of landscape architects, councils and tree planters in similar training. Tim also attends workshops of organisations such as AILA and the Local Government Landscape Design Forum. www.whichplantwhere.com.au
ADVISORY GROUP Dr Lyndal Plant Carole Fudge Lyndal Plant Urban Forester Pty Ltd (QLD) Sales and Marketing Manager Benara Nurseries (WA) Lyndal’s 25 years of local government urban forest management experience, research and engagement skills has helped align Carole has been involved in the nursery industry for 40 years, 30 years organisational goals with contemporary evidence gathering techniques of this at Benara Nurseries in sales and marketing. to suit projects, policy development/review and cutting edge initiatives. Carole has been involved in the scheduling and research of plant Lyndal sees the forest, not just the trees – helps plan and monitor for varieties, of which they grow over 1500 different species. outcomes, not just the outputs – focuses on trees for people (“human habitat” values) - and engages customers and partners. During this time Carole has worked with Landscape Architects, landscape contractors, local government and retailers working out Some of Lyndal’s urban greening achievements include: which plants would work best in their particular projects. • Brisbane Neighbourhood Shadeway program, including av. 10,000 Carole has extensive experience in what works in the landscape in shade tree plantings per year for cooling shade-hungry pathways, Western Australia, both native and exotic, and also works with breeders playgrounds and carparks. trialing new plant material for both landscape and retail markets. • Project reporting for Brisbane’s 2 million tree project • Development and monitoring of native street tree species trials. • Brisbane’s Subtropical Boulevard Vision and delivery strategy. • Member of expert panel for review of Canberra’s Urban Forest Renewal Strategy Most recently Lyndal has published on evidence gathering methodologies for urban greening target evaluation and property value/tax based business case for investment in leafier streetscapes. www.whichplantwhere.com.au
ADVISORY GROUP Hugo Struss Lara Solyma General Manager and Director Senior Environmental Planner Tinamba Turf (QLD) City of Gold Coast (QLD) Hugo has been working on the family business since finishing primary After completing an environmental science and management degree, school. Between boarding school and work at home on the main Lara worked for 10 years as a practitioner of horticulture, landscape property, Tinamba Turf (the family business) has continued to grow design, plant design, landscape construction, landscape maintenance into what is now the largest family owned turf production business in and ecological restoration within southeast Queensland; developed Australia. After finishing school Hugo worked on the property while her plant knowledge and a passion for the plants and vegetation studying commerce (majoring in marketing) and then to construction communities of south-east Queensland, and started and successfully management. At this time he also competed heavily at an elite level in operated her own horticultural business. Lara started working in local national and international rowing. government in 2006 and over eleven years has worked in a variety of roles across the organisation, further developing skills and expanding In 2010, Hugo joined the business full time in a sales role, and worked knowledge and abilities into new areas, including: his way up to general manager. He oversees the sales, operations on and off farm, staff, business development and production of three farm • Public open space design and assessment, including streetscaping sites. Tinamba Turf has nearly 1000 acres under irrigation. • Public landscape works approvals. How to facilitate improved, extensive street tree plantings • Species selection and issues of biodiversity, soils, urban constraints, provenance, nursery availability, lack of plant knowledge, specification of plant species and palette diversity • Project management, including the Gold Coast Regional Botanic Gardens which included design and plant selection for a proposed Children’s Garden and extensive wetland / stormwater treatment system • Vegetation asset management, vegetation cover and use of i-Tree Canopy • Environmental planning, policy development and policy implementation, community consultation, significant tree registers. www.whichplantwhere.com.au
ADVISORY GROUP Simon Adermann Tim Sansom Business Manager General Manager Lawn Solutions Australia (QLD) Australian Ecosystems (VIC) Simon has been involved in the turf industry for 37 years, commencing Tim has extensive horticultural and business skills, working his with an apprenticeship in Turf & Greenkeeping in 1981 and 13 years way through several roles over the last 13 years with The Diggers as a Greenkeeper in the lawn bowling industry. From there, Simon Club. During this time he worked as a Garden and Site Manager commenced employment with Nuturf, a specialist product supply at the prestigious Garden of St Erth in Central Victoria curating company to the turf industry as the QLD manager and in 2007 took the an internationally acclaimed public garden and through various position of National Sales Manager managing the responsibility of the horticultural business management roles (including 10 years’ intimate Australian and overseas business. After 18 years with Nuturf he was involvement with nursery operations). made National Business Manager for Lawn Solutions Australia in 2013. Simon now manages 43 turf production farm accounts nationally. Tim has recently taken a role as General Manager - Nursery, with Australian Ecosystems, a company that specialises in seed collection, propagation and sourcing of local provenance plants for all Victorian regions. In this role, he is involved with the production and marketing of Carl Heyne plants for clients including Commercial and Residential developers, Civil General Manager Contractors, Landscape Architects, Local Councils and State and Federal Heyne Nurseries (SA) Government Departments. www.whichplantwhere.com.au
ADVISORY GROUP David Callow Brigid Adams Team Leader Manager IWM Program Governance and Capacity Building Urban Forest & Ecology Urban Sustainability Department of Environment, Land, Water & Planning City of Melbourne (VIC) Brigid is a highly personable multi-skilled Environmental Engineer David has two decades of experience in Landscape Horticulture. He has with 16 years’ experience in water management and climate change qualifications within the fields of Horticulture, Arboriculture and Natural mitigation. Resource Management. She possesses well-developed strategic planning and project David is passionate about creating healthy and diverse urban forests management skills, with proven technical expertise. through community participation, strategic thinking and continuous improvement. Brigid is experienced in all aspects of the project delivery life cycle, from strategy development to program implementation, monitoring and In his role at the City of Melbourne, he is responsible for implementing evaluation. the Urban Forest Strategy, through the annual tree planting program. Her influential interpersonal skills allow for effective communication Prior to joining the City of Melbourne, he was self-employed as an with team members and key stakeholders to achieve organisational Arboricultural and Landscape Consultant. goals in an effective manner. www.whichplantwhere.com.au
ADVISORY GROUP Mathew Plummer Suzanne Dunford Managing Director Principal Project Officer EvergreenConnect (QLD) Impacts and Adaptation Office of Environment and Heritage (NSW) Mathew is a horticulturalist with 30 years’ experience in the nursery industry, having worked in a range of wholesale nurseries growing Suzanne Dunford is the Principal Project Officer in the Impacts and everything from plugs to ex-ground production stock. Adaptation Team at the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage. Her role focuses on supporting local government with tools, information As operations manager of Newton Container Trees in Brisbane in the and capacity to minimise the impacts of climate change in their local 1990’s, Mathew took a leading role in Queensland to critically look at communities, through the establishment of projects including: the and bring new production methods into the industry regarding tree $1 million Building Resilience to Climate Change grants program, the root development. NSW Urban Green Cover program, and leading an Integrated Regional Vulnerability Assessment of as part of the Towards a Resilient Sydney As well as a number of horticultural qualifications, Mathew has project. undertaken business studies including a Diploma of Business Management and a Masters of Business Administration which has This four year project engaged with over 270 different local and state allowed him to successfully manage nursery businesses and create his government decision makers, and leading researchers to identify the own business from scratch, EvergreenConnect. EvergreenConnect is impacts of climate change on social, economic and biophysical systems being positioned to be a vital communication and data link for all facets in Metropolitan Sydney and opportunities to respond. It was delivered of the horticultural industry. in partnership with the Department of Planning and Environment, the Sydney Coastal Councils Group and the Western Sydney Regional Organisation of Councils. Suzanne has have been working in the climate change field in a range of communications, program and policy roles since 1998. She has a Bachelor’s degree in Organisational Communication from Charles Sturt University and a Masters of Public Administration from the University of Sydney. www.whichplantwhere.com.au
ADVISORY GROUP Noel Corkery Jason Hick Managing Director Director, Principal Consultant Corkery Consulting (NSW) Emerge Associates (WA) Noel is a Registered Landscape Architect with more than 30 years Jason is an environmental consultant and now part-owner of a of landscape and urban design consulting experience throughout combined environmental consultancy and landscape architectural Australia and Asia. Noel has managed multi-disciplinary consultant practice, the largest of its kind in Western Australia. teams for projects involving ‘green infrastructure’ such as public open space, urban development, landfills, forestry, highways, windfarms Emerge Associates works across many projects for property developers, and mines. Noel has developed a strong understanding of sustainable local government and state government, and integrate the provision development principles and their application to integrated planning of a range of technical environmental advisory areas with landscape and design. architectural design and delivery. Noel’s qualifications: • Bachelor of Science (Forestry), 1968, Australian National University. • Master of Landscape Architecture, 1978, Cornell University. • Master of Business Administration, 1989, Australian Graduate School of Management (UNSW). • Master of Cross-Disciplinary Art & Design, 2011, COFA, UNSW. Noel was awarded the AILA 2013 NSW Presidents Award in recognition of outstanding contribution to the profession of landscape architecture. www.whichplantwhere.com.au
For more information: Leigh Staas Project Manager - Which Plant Where Research Project Email: leigh.staas@mq.edu.au Telephone: 02 9850 6297 www.whichplantwhere.com.au Which Plant Where is funded by the Hort Frontiers Green Cities Fund, part of the Hort Frontiers strategic partnership initiative developed by Hort Innovation, with co-investment from Macquarie University, Western Sydney University and the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage and contributions from the Australian Government.
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