What does it take to boost the culture of impact in research organizations? - Atelier Glofoods

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What does it take to boost the culture of impact in research organizations? - Atelier Glofoods
Atelier Glofoods
                   February, the 26th 2020

What does it take to boost the culture of impact
          in research organizations?
           Etienne Hainzelin, and the ImpresS team
What does it take to boost the culture of impact in research organizations? - Atelier Glofoods
Introduction

• An increasing pressure to evaluate impacts of research
• A need to explicit the role of scientific research in the agenda of
  urgently needed changes (SDGs…)
• A recognized complexity of agricultural innovation systems -> Not
  possible to measure predetermined outcomes achieved through a
  linear cause-effect intervention
• A large diversity of possible impacts, including negative ones, on the
  long term
What does it take to boost the culture of impact in research organizations? - Atelier Glofoods
What does it take to boost the culture of impact in research organizations? - Atelier Glofoods
Main lessons from a collection of 13 ex post case studies
What does it take to boost the culture of impact in research organizations? - Atelier Glofoods
The choices of the ImpresS ex post initiative
• Specific conditions of Cirad case studies
   • Research partnership in developing countries, lack of statistical databases, specific
     innovation systems, limited resources to evaluate, etc.
• Objectives
   • Reflexive learning: understanding the mechanisms along impact pathway
   • “culture of impact” versus “Culture of promise”
• Principles and method
   • Comprehensive method based on a collection of cases studies
   • Participatory approach (shared vision, ethics, open data)
   • Contribution of research to innovation (not attribution)
What does it take to boost the culture of impact in research organizations? - Atelier Glofoods
Two main scientific communities and approaches

A first community uses financial evaluation of the impacts of research,
based on models involving surpluses and cost-benefit assessment
- proving research effectiveness by quantitative measurements
- dominant but controverted in complex research environments
- not effective without very good databases (developing countries).

A second community uses systemic approaches to link research with
development along the innovation process
- understanding processes and causal mechanisms leading to impact
- Quanti/quali tools to address questions of systemic approaches
- characterizing the conditions under which agricultural research
  contributes to development
What does it take to boost the culture of impact in research organizations? - Atelier Glofoods
The impact pathway, as a basic tool

        Input                       Output                        Outcome                                  Impact 1                                    Impact 2
     The research teams
     mobilized these resources...
                                    …to produce these
                                    research results...
                                                          The appropriation of a
                                                                The actors took these resources
                                                                and transformed them so that they
                                                                                                               Long-term effects,
                                                                                                    These results led to impacts for actors
                                                                                                    who interact directly or indirectly with
                                                                                                                                               These resources led to impacts’
                                                                                                                                               for indirect beneficiaries...
                                                          research or intervention
                                                                could appropriate them...
                                                                                                               positive or negative,
                                                                                                    the research community...

                                                          output by actors interacting                         intended or
                                                          directly or indirectly with                          unintended, direct or
                                                          the research community,                              indirect, induced by
                                                          leading to new practices                             an intervention.
                                                          (agricultural or
                                                          managerial), new
                                                          organizations, or new rules.

e.g: upland rainfed rice
What does it take to boost the culture of impact in research organizations? - Atelier Glofoods
Impacts
Impact pathway
                      Outcomes

            Outputs

 Inputs
What does it take to boost the culture of impact in research organizations? - Atelier Glofoods
ImpresS ex post based on a case study approach
Diversity of innovation, of contexts, of partnerships
What does it take to boost the culture of impact in research organizations? - Atelier Glofoods
Upland rice breeding in Madagascar

e.g: upland rainfed rice
Finalization of an ex post case study
     An impact narrative                                                          A chronogram                                                                                                                                                                                                                  A map of actors

                                                                                                                                                                                  Diffusion de Chhomrong Dhan (CD)
                                                 Début de                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Etat malgache
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         FIDA                                        FRDA
                                                 l’intervention du                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     1992-1998                                   2013-2015
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Production et vente de semences                                                                        AFD

                                    Début de                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            agriculteurs                          CPM - FTM
                                                         Début de l’intervention de                                                                                                                                  71.0%                                                                 UNOH                            ODR
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2013-2015
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Service de
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1995-1997                                                                                                              protection des
                                    l’intervention       nombreux organismes de                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         VMMV                                                                                      végétaux
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Marché de                                        producteurs

                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Diversification des variétés avec
                                    du                   production de semences                                                                                                                                                                                                     Sabotsy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                CIRAGRI/CIRVA        2013-2015        1998-2004
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1991-1992                       VAOVAO                                        Laboratoire des
                                                         et de vulgarisation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  les descendants de CD
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  FIFATA       FAFAFI                                              2014-                                       radios isoptopes

                                                                               Diffusion des 1ères variétés de RPA
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               SPAM                                                                                               1989-1994
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Revendeurs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       FIFATA/VFTV                                                                                                      Service
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2003-2015                                                             Université d’Antanarivo
                                                         Difficultés à                                                                                                                                                                                                    ANCOS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1984-2015
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     météorologique
                                                         satisfaire la                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 CEFFEL                                                                                          GSDM
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          AFD
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     2012-2015                       Cirad                                                           2006-2014
                                                         demande en                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1984-2015
                                                         semences                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 FIFAMANOR                                                                                  Fondation Aventis
                                                                                                                                                                          31.0%                                                                                                                                               GPS                  1990-2015                                                                                    2000-2003
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           1997-2005                                                 FOFIFA
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Union Européenne
                                     Absence de variétés de RP                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  GPS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   1985-2015
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           1984-2000
                                     adaptées aux conditions d’altitude                                                                                                                                Risques liés à culture                                                                                                              DRDA           CFAMA
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         1998-1999
                                                                                                                                                                        Augmentation prix riz          monovariétale de CD                                                                                                                               2002-2015
                                     1ères tentatives infructueuses                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Etat malgache                                                                        Caritas
                                     de riziculture pluviale en altitude                                                                                                    Maladie sur pdt et diminution demande soja                                                                                                                                                            2004-2015                          ODR
                                                                                                                                      6.5%                                                                                                                                                          AFD                                                            BVPI               Kobama                      1990-1994
                                                                                                                                                           Pression de la pyriculariose                                                                                                                                                                          2007-2013           1989-1996                        TAFA                     Etat malgache
                                       0.0%                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         BM
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Africa Rice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Tsimoka                1995-2012
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2013-2015                                                                                                      FIDA
                                    1980 1984 1985 1988 1989 1990 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015                                                                                                                                  2001-2012                                                    SDMAD        1990-1993
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     FAFAFI SPAM                           1992-1998
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             PNVA                            2007-2013             IREDEC
                                                              Croissance démographique, saturation des bas fonds, pas d’intensification -> limitation de la production de riz irrigué                                                                                                                                                      1991-1997
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        PAPriz                    1990-1993        AVEAMM
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   1989-1992
                                                     Création et                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2014-2015
                                                                                                                            Création et sélection de variétés et de techniques adaptées                                                                                      Agriculteurs
                                                      sélection                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    PSDR
                                                                                                                     Mise en place des essais en milieu paysan et de parcelles de démonstration                                                                                                                                                                  2001-2012
                                                       variétés
                                           Caractérisation
                                           des milieux et
                                                                                                                                                                   Etudes sur la pyriculariose                                                                                       Acteurs contrôlent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Décortiqueurs

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Vendeurs de
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        semences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Etat malgache
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Opérateur
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        économique

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Organisation de
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Associations/ONG

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Coopération
                                            des relations
                                            plante-milieu                                                                                                                                                                                                                               le processus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Vendeurs de
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            petit matériel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              agricole
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    japonaise
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      producteurs /
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       agriculteurs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Etat par
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   l’intermédiaire de
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Bailleurs

                                                                         Contexte                                           Acteurs                        Proposition à la diffusion de nouvelles variétés de riz pluvial d’altitude

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        d’innovation                                                                                                                                 programmes ou                 Etat
                                                                                                                                                          Pourcentage des exploitations pratiquant la riziculture pluviale dans les hautes terres du                                                                                                                                                                                      projets
                                                                   Activités du programme                                               Césures                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Centre de
                                                                                                                                                          Vakinankaratra

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 An impact radar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Représentation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      recherche/de
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            institutionnelle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        formation

                     An impact pathway                                                                                                                                                                                                                             (measures)
                         (causalities)

e.g: upland rainfed rice
Lesson 1: Co-producing outputs and outcomes with stakeholders is key
   to impact

e.g: upland rainfed rice
Lesson 2: Capacity development during the innovation process, whether
planned or unplanned, is an enabling factor for impact generation

                                                            8

                                            7

                                2

                                    5   4

                1

                           2

e.g: upland rainfed rice
Lesson 3: widely diverse impacts, over long term

   e.g: participatory
   sorghum breeding
Lesson 3: widely diverse impacts, over long term

Biological control of the white grub   Pl@ntNet software for plant    Participatory sorghum breeding   Control of the coffee berry borer   Wine geographical Indications
                                       identification                                                  with trap

Evaluation of animal health            Fonio post-harvest equipment   Upland rice breeding              Tsetse eradication program         Integrated and Participatory
surveillance and control systems                                                                                                           Water Resource Management
Lesson 3: widely diverse impacts, over long term

           Highland rainfed Rice               Brocap

                       1980

                       1985
                                                    1990

                       1994
                                                    1997
                                                    2001
30 years                                                   18 years
                                                    2003
                       2006

                                                            Impact
                              2015                          evaluation
Lesson 4: Interactions with public actors and policy makers are necessary
to foster innovation and generate impacts

                                    Initiative

                                    Policy makers
     Ver Blanc
      Tsé tsé

    Before the Innovation Process                   After the innovation process

      IG Brésil                                                          Arachide
      Revasia                                                               SAP

                                     Researcher
      Danone                                                              Brocap
      Girvar                                                               Fonio
                                                                         Plantnet
                                                                            RPA
                                                                          Sorgho
Lesson 5: Research plays a variety of roles along the impact pathway

                                                                                                                         Ventes et échanges de semences
                                                             Capacity                                                         (marché, entourage)
                     Knowledge
                                                          Strengthening                                        Dégradation de la fertilité
                    production /                                                                                                                                    Scalling out:
                                                                                                                                                                 Diffusion du RPA
                                                                                                               Gains issus d’une substitution du
                   dissemination                                Partenariats                                       RPA à une autre culture                        dans les zones
                                                             (formation, ONG,                                                                                   d’altitude de l’Itasy
                                                             Développement)
                                                                                                                Garantie
                                            formations                                                                             Augmentation
              Travaux sur la                                                            Building               pour accès
                                                                                                                au crédit           des ventes
             sélection de riz                                   Essais en milieu                                                                                Hausse des revenus
                                   Création de                        réel            partnerships                                                              disponibles pour…
                                   techniques                                                                                                Production de
             Introduction de                                    Champs vitrine                                                                                   Satisfaction des
                                    adaptées                                                                                                   semences
             variétés pour les                                      de                         Hausse des                                                       besoins quotidien
                                                                                                                   Augmentation
               croisements                                      démonstration                    surfaces
                                   Création de                                                                    de la production           Développement de       Nouveaux
                                                                                               cultivées en
                                     variétés                                                                           de riz                   l’élevage       investissements
                                                                                                   RPA
                                    adaptées             Partenariats avec
                                                                                                                                                                   Aide pour les
                Ressources                                producteurs de                                             Réduction de la
                                                                                                                                                                     imprévus
                 humaines                                    semences             production                       période de soudure
                                                                                      de          Co-conception
                                 Caractérisation                                   semences
                Ressources
                matérielles
                                  des relations
                                                    Production de
                                                                                                  of innovations
                                                                                                         Épargne sur l’achat de riz                             Développement de
                                  plante/milieu                                                                                                                 nouvelles activités
                                                    semences de
                                    d’altitude                                                                                                                      agricoles
                                                      pré-base               Participation à                                           Réduction des soucis
                                                                               des foires
             Fonds publics et                                                                                                         Diminution des travaux     Augmentation de
                 privés                                                                                                                journaliers extérieurs      l’activité des
                                      Resources                                                                                                                   décortiqueurs

                                     management                                                               Augmentation du
                                                                                                              CA des partenaires
e.g: upland rainfed rice                                                                                         (semences,
                                                                                                                  matériel)
Participatory transfer of knowledge and technologies   Co-construction of innovations

      Supporting the innovation process                       Open innovation
From the past: hindsight (ex post)

                                                     to the future, foresight (ex ante)…
      Real world
Biography, Documentary, History,…                 Hypothetical world

                             … a radical change !
                                    Fairy tales, Science fiction, Poetry, …
http://impress-impact-recherche.cirad.fr/

http://www.cirad.fr/nos-recherches/impact-de-nos-recherches

                 Contact : impress@cirad.fr
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