Vision and Roadmap of the National Electric Mobility Platform - BMWi
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Vision and Roadmap of the National Electric Mobility Platform
2 Vision and Roadmap of the National Electric Mobility Platform Vision and Roadmap of the National Electric Mobility Platform 3
Category: Vehicle engineering
Attractive, reliable electric vehicles are available | Business models
have been established for the second life of the battery (Ensuring
Vision and Roadmap a high salvage value for car batteries through re-use and recycling)
Category: Energy and the environment
of the National Electric mobility uses only “green energy” | Special charging tariffs
promote electric mobility | The electric vehicle is part of “smart grid”
and “smart home.” | As an energy storage device, the battery stabi-
“Looking ahead to the start of the market ramp-up phase in 2015, it will be critical to the success of this
Electric Mobility
initiative to ensure that all the different themes – from vehicle technology, energy and charging infrastructure
lizes the power grid
to urban planning – are embedded in a user-oriented overall system. The Systemic Approach Roadmap provides
Category: Charging infrastructure us with the tool we need to do this. We now need to start working methodically on the themes identified in
Platform Guaranteed open access to charging infrastructure | Charging infra-
structure has been set up that meets demand – taking into account
population and car density | Charging infrastructure is reliable, com-
the roadmap.”
Prof. Henning Kagermann | President of acatech – National Academy of Science and Engineering | Chairman of the National Electric Mobility Platform
patible, and easy to use | DC fast-charging stations (CCS standard)
are available | Straightforward, private use of company cars in terms
of charging and billing | Electric vehicles can be charged in different
“In 2012, the National Electric Mobility Platform set itself the challenge of using the Systemic Approach to bring
countries | Inductive charging has been technically established and is
together all the work carried out up to that point so that an overall picture could be created. Policymakers,
visible on the market | Innovative solutions and business models are
on the market
industry and civil society have worked together to formulate our Vision 2020. The new roadmap is the outcome of
a partnership between all the actors, geared towards jointly creating a robust, integrated electric mobility system.”
Category: Urban planning and intermodality
Dr. Rudolf Krebs | Head of Group E-Traction Volkswagen AG | Member of the Steering Committee of the National Electric Mobility Platform
Electric mobility is included in traffic and urban planning and in traffic
regulations | Park and ride stations have been set up to accommodate
electric vehicles | Electric vehicles are part of intermodal transporta-
tion in urban areas with high population density | Electric vehicles are
a standard part of carsharing fleets | New usage models have been
established for electric vehicles
Basics:
Standardisation
Training and qualifications
Information and communication technology4 Vision and Roadmap of the National Electric Mobility Platform Vision and Roadmap of the National Electric Mobility Platform
Vision
Vision
Vision 2020
In 2020, there is a viable complete electric mobility system
that has been widely accepted by society, that meets spe-
cific transportation needs (passenger and commercial) with
a high level of availability and reliability, and that puts tech-
nically advanced, profitable products on the market. Electric
mobility has become one of the keys to environmentally sus-
tainable transport. The focus is on the user.
In 2020, electric vehicles are a common sight on our roads.
Those who use them are seen as progressive and environ-
mentally conscious, yet still enthusiasts, in a positive sense,
for car engineering and driving.
Electric vehicles are an economically attractive and future-
proof option for larger user groups. There are practical, prof-
itable business models that create a sustainable, market-
oriented, dynamic environment for electric mobility.
The foundation for this, in particular, are the diverse, cus-
tomer-oriented information and communication technology
solutions. Comprehensive training and qualifications ensure
that the personnel employed are highly skilled.
.6 Vision and Roadmap of the National Electric Mobility Platform Vision and Roadmap of the National Electric Mobility Platform 7
The Systemic Approach Roadmap
Foreword
The National Electric Mobility Platform Thematic areas
“Electric mobility made in Germany” stands for systemic and sustainable To this end, the existing NPE structure was supplemented by the “Vehicle Technology” “Charging Infrastructure”
solutions that cross the boundaries of traditional industries. This funda establishment of the “Systemic Approach” working group. In view of the The “Vehicle Technology” thematic area is focused on how to market a The “Charging Infrastructure” thematic area addresses the construction
mental principle, which was formulated in the 3rd Report of The German cross-cutting nature of the new group’s work, it recruited members from product that is both environmentally and financially attractive. Customers and expansion of public, semi-public and private charging infrastructure.
National Platform for Electric Mobility (Nationale Plattform Elektromobili the established working groups, together with a number of additional using an electric vehicle should not experience any limitations compared This includes both standard AC charging infrastructure and DC fast
tät – NPE) in May 2012, encapsulates the approach shared by all the experts. Its goal was to develop a concise shared vision of electric to conventional vehicles. In addition, it will be necessary to develop charging infrastructure (based on the CCS standard). The key enablers
actors involved in electric mobility in Germany, which is geared towards. mobility in the year 2020 and to formulate a roadmap describing the robust business models that pay particular attention to the “second life” are open-system access and guaranteed charging infrastructure reliabil
stages involved in the implementation of this vision. of electric vehicle batteries. The NPE believes that this will be a key ity and compatibility. Anyone should be able to use any charging station
The development of an integrated electric mobility system with the enabler for achieving a sustainable reduction in the cost of electric to charge their vehicle without any problems or restrictions. It will also be
user at the centre. This roadmap outlines the areas where joint action by industry, policy vehicles. important to address international charging and roaming solutions from
makers and civil society will be required in order to support a successful an early stage. Finally, in order to deliver a self-sustaining charging
The NPE consists of seven working groups made up of top-level experts market ramp-up. “Energy & Environment” infrastructure, new and financially attractive operator models will need to
that address themes ranging from drive technologies and charging The “Energy & Environment” thematic area is especially focused on the be developed.
infrastructure development to the creation of an overall framework. From The Systemic Approach Roadmap is based on four thematic areas that use of additional renewable energy for powering electric mobility. Electric
the outset, the working groups have sought to promote a cross-sectoral represent the key interfaces between the NPE’s working groups. The vehicles are viewed as an integral part of the overall system and can “Urban Planning & Intermodality”
debate that also includes actors from right across the political spectrum. four themes are “Vehicle Technology”, “Energy & Environment”, “Charging even contribute to the transition to sustainable energy by helping to The “Urban Planning & Intermodality” thematic area encompasses a wide
Meanwhile, they also continue to address the key technical and techno Infrastructure” and “Urban Planning & Intermodality”. Priority areas for stabilise the electricity grid. This will require electric mobility to be range of topics centred around the urban planning aspects of electric
logical issues. The guidelines for their common work are laid down by action were jointly formulated for each of these thematic areas. integrated into smart home and smart grid concepts, together with mobility. In particular, it addresses a variety of issues relating to intermo
the Platform’s Steering Committee which is chaired by Professor special tariff structures for charging electric vehicles. dality, for example car sharing or the linkages between individual mobility
Kagermann. and local public transport (LPT). In order to deliver the relevant goals, it
will be necessary not only to resolve a number of legal questions but
In the autumn of 2012, the members of the Platform took the joint also to achieve wide-ranging support, particularly from the business
decision to take the results of the working groups to the next level by community, for developing new and innovative concepts and implement
bringing together the individual workstreams in order to paint a coherent ing them over the long term.
overall picture.8 Vision and Roadmap of the National Electric Mobility Platform Vision and Roadmap of the National Electric Mobility Platform 9
Systemic Approach Roadmap
Foreword
Roadmap key
Priority areas for action Activities that are necessary in order to deliver the goals
This brochure presents both the joint roadmap and the priority areas for As a key underlying enabler, especially of the technological challenges
action identified in the roadmap. These action areas were formulated connected with electric mobility, standardisation has already been
jointly by the members of the NPE. Work on them will need to begin in incorporated into the individual thematic areas and is being worked on in Ongoing activities Priority areas already
Activities for actioninitiated by industry/policymakers
2013/14 in order to ensure that the shared vision is delivered. The parallel by the different working groups.
WG x Addressed in NPE WG “x” Showcase/development project
responsible NPE working groups will ensure prompt implementation.
The other key enabler is information and communication Ongoing activities
technology Priority areas for action Areas where action should be prioritised in 2013/14 in order
(ICT). This will play a central role in the implementation and interconnec to ensure a successful market ramp-up
WG x Addressed in NPE WG “x” Showcase/development
Ongoing activities project Priority areas for action
Basics tion of the integrated electric mobility system, particularly with regard to
Training & Qualification, Standardisation and Information and Communi the harmonisation and simplification of charging and billing processes WG x Addressed in NPE WG “x” Activities that are addressedproject
Showcase/development and being worked on by the
cation Technology (ICT) are key underlying enablers of every aspect of and with regard to intermodal transport services. The NPE’s Steering NPE’s working groups and sub-working groups
Ongoing activities Priority areas for action
the Systemic Approach. Committee therefore decided to create a sub-working group to deal
exclusively with ICT-related matters. WG x Addressed in NPE WG “x” Showcase/development project Activities addressed by showcase/development projects
Training & Qualification is particularly focused on vocational and aca
demic education. The training methods used in the relevant training Next steps
courses provide a valuable basis for teaching different aspects of the The Systemic Approach working group formulated the roadmap present
Systemic Approach. The Systemic Approach requires closer cooperation ed in this document on behalf of the NPE. The roadmap highlights the
between different academic departments, modifications to study course key interfaces between the NPE’s working groups. Moreover, by formu
content and the inclusion of academic disciplines that have not been lating and prioritising the relevant areas for action, it outlines the steps
involved hitherto. Consequently, a separate Training & Qualification that need to be taken in order to establish an integrated electric mobility
roadmap has been drawn up. It will also be especially important to system. A review and the initial outcomes of the measures taken to meet
enhance post-graduate continuing professional development in order to the needs outlined in this roadmap will be included in the 4th NPE
bring the technical and process knowledge of experienced professionals report in 2014.
into line with the new requirements. International networking of training
and qualification is another key aspect.10 Vision and Roadmap of the National Electric Mobility Platform Vision and Roadmap of the National Electric Mobility Platform 11
Thematic area
Roadmap
Roadmap
Thematic area Thematic area
Vehicle Technology
Vehicle Technology 2014 2017 2020 Energy & Environment 2014 2017 2020
2014 2017 2020
Sub-category Vision Sub-category Vision
Sub-category Vision
Communication standards WG 4 Clarify tax and energy law issues WG 3/7
Communication Communication standards WG 4
Communication
interface Green electricity products from Synchronisation of electric mobility
interface public charging infrastructure WG 3 business processes WG 3
• Electric mobility only
Charge metering WG 3/4 uses additional
Large-scale processes for producing Integrated solutions and modular Highly integrated, modular Acceptance
Drives Large-scale
discrete processes for producingWG 1/2 Integrated
components drive toolkitssolutions
availableand modular Highly integrated,
WG 1/2 powertrain modular
solutions Green electricity supply green electricity
Drives WG 1/2 • Attractive and Incentives for vehicle owners to use energy that they have produced
discrete components WG 1/2 drive toolkits available WG 1/2 powertrain solutions WG 1/2 • Attractive and in commercial sector WG 3 themselves to power their electric vehicles WG 2/3/7 • Special tariff
reliable
Inductive charging Inductive charging available as optional reliable Employers provide structures for
electric vehicles WG 3 Quality seal for CO2-neutral logistics
Inductive
technicallycharging
feasible WG 1/3/4 Inductive charging
extra for BEVs PHEVs inas optional
and available electric
are vehicles
available
charging electricity WG 7 charging vehicles
technically feasible WG 1/3/4 extra for applications
isolated BEVs and PHEVs in WG 1/3/4 are available
isolated applications WG 1/3/4 Tax law: treatment of vehicle charging Supply grid incentives Tariffs and services promote electric
Interoperable inductive charging solutions WG 1/3/4 • Established at the workplace as non-cash benefit WG 7 (for smart grid applications) that benefit customers mobility
Interoperable inductive charging solutions Established
WG 1/3/4 • business models WG 2/3
WG 2/3
AC and DC charging with Optimised DC charging capacity business models Costs Vehicle to Grid: Take advantage of the
AC and DCCharging
charging System
with (CCS) Optimised DC charging capacity exist for giving Treatment of electric vehicles
• Electric vehicles
Combined for CCS energy storage devices exist for giving flexible way that: electric
Energy Combined Charging System (CCS) WG 1/2/3/4 for CCS energy storage devices WG WG 1/2/3 used electric vehicle form an integral part
1/2/3 used electric in energy legislation WG 2/3/7 vehicles can be charged WG 2/3
Energy
storage Fed back into recycling processes
WG 1/2/3/4
WG 2/5
batteries a vehicle of smart grids and
storage
and Fed back into recycling processes WG 2/5 Determine market potential
batteries
second lifea smart homes
Determine market potential Prototype load management systems Treatment of the taxation of variable Controlled charging processes
and Estimation of residual value of batteries of used batteries WG 2/5 second life
management Estimation of residual value of batteries
WG 2/5 of used batteries WG 2/5 implemented in R&D environment production and consumption units implemented in standard software for
management WG 3/4/7 • Batteries are used
WG and
Know-How re. causes and costs of wear 2/5 tear in Vehicle to Grid WG 2 in energy industry law WG 3 energy providers
Know-How re. causes and costs of wear and tear in Vehicle to Grid WG 2
as energy storage
Ability to forecast when vehicles
Safety at high voltages for vehicles with high voltage energy storage systems WG 1/2/4/7 charged/check local grid load devices to help
Load
Safety at high voltages for vehicles with high voltage energy storage systems WG 1/2/4/7 WG 2/3 Legal framework checked for stabilise the grid
Safety standards for transport management balancing energy tenders
Safety standards
of lithium-ion for transport WG 2/5
batteries Framework for smart energy Availability of smart energy management
of lithium-ion batteries WG 2/5 management in smart homes in smart homes WG 3
WG 2/3/7 WG 2/3/7
Key: Ongoing activities Priority areas for action Key: Ongoing activities Priority areas for action
OngoingOngoing
activities
activities Priority Priority
areas for action
areas for action WG x Addressed in NPE WG “x” Showcase/development project OngoingOngoing
activities
activities Priority Priority
areas for action
areas for action WG x Addressed in NPE WG “x” Showcase/development project
WG x WG x Addressed
Addressed in NPEinWG
NPE“x”
WG “x” Showcase/development
Showcase/development projectproject WG x WG x Addressed
Addressed in NPEinWG
NPE“x”
WG “x” Showcase/development
Showcase/development projectproject12 Vision and Roadmap of the National Electric Mobility Platform Vision and Roadmap of the National Electric Mobility Platform 13
Roadmap
Roadmap
Thematic area Thematic area
Charging Infrastructure (1/2) 2014 2017 2020 Charging Infrastructure (2/2) 2014 2017 2020
Sub-category Vision Sub-category Vision
Interoperable charging infrastructure WG 3/4 Reservation of parking spaces/charging Reservation of parking spaces/charging stations organisationally feasible WG 3/7 • Easy use of electric
• Open-system stations technically feasible
Smart grid standards adapted WG 4 Smart grid standards are access to charging WG 3/7 company cars for
the market standard WG 3/4 infrastructure private purposes in
Consensus on end customer contract Open-system access to charging terms of charging
Market standards for communication • Charging
IDs and charging station IDs infrastructure: connectors/mechanical and billing
Standardisation WG 4 between vehicles and charging stations
WG 3/4 infrastructure Comfort / access components, authentication, Semi-public charging infrastructure
capable of meeting payment systems • Electric vehicles
WG 3/4 built in association with shared services can also be
Communication standards between IT back end (providers) and clearing houses Establishment of communication demand, based on
WG 3/4 standards between IT back end (providers) population and charged when
International roaming solutions
and clearing houses vehicle density for charging travelling abroad
WG 3/4 WG 3/7
• Charging Inductive charging already in use in some places WG 3 • The technology for
infrastructure is inductive charging
Open-system charging possible using public charging infrastructure WG 3/7 Roaming platforms provide is well-established
reliable, compatible networked charging infrastructure WG 3/4
and easy to operate • There are a number
Regulatory Construction and expansion of public charging infrastructure (AC und DC) WG 3/7 Data security and data protection law issues WG 3/4/7
• Basic DC fast of innovative
framework
charging station ICT links for location, availability and billing of electric vehicles strategies and
ICT WG 3/4 business models
coverage
guaranteed on the market
Key: Ongoing activities Priority areas for action Key: Ongoing activities Priority areas for action
OngoingOngoing
activities
activities Priority Priority
areas for action
areas for action WG x Addressed in NPE WG “x” Showcase/development project OngoingOngoing
activities
activities Priority Priority
areas for action
areas for action WG x Addressed in NPE WG “x” Showcase/development project
WG x WG x Addressed
Addressed in NPEinWG
NPE“x”
WG “x” Showcase/development
Showcase/development projectproject WG x WG x Addressed
Addressed in NPEinWG
NPE“x”
WG “x” Showcase/development
Showcase/development projectproject14 Vision and Roadmap of the National Electric Mobility Platform Vision and Roadmap of the National Electric Mobility Platform 15
Thematic
Thematic area
area Thematic
Thematic area
area
Roadmap
Roadmap
Urban
Urban Planning &
Planning & Urban
Urban Planning &
Planning &
Intermodality (1/2) 2014 2017 2020 Intermodality (2/2) 2014 2017 2020
Intermodality (1/2) 2014 2017 2020 Intermodality (2/2) 2014 2017 2020
Sub-category Vision Sub-category
Sub-category Vision
Vision
Sub-category Vision
P&R facilities coordinated with LPT
Employers provide sufficient parking spaces for employees who own electric vehicles P&R facilities coordinated with LPT
Employers provide sufficient parking spaces for employees who own electric vehicles
WG 7 Incentives for shared services in WG 7
WG 7 Incentives for shared services in WG 7
Park & Rides connection with charging infrastructure
Availability of parking spaces for electric Park & Rides connection with charging infrastructure
Availability
vehicles fromofcar
parking spaces
sharing for electric
schemes “Park at my house” facilities
WG 7 “Park at my
available house”
at key facilities
interchanges WG 7
vehicles from car sharing schemes WG 7 WG 7
available at key interchanges • Electric vehicles form
Concepts for special regulations for electric vehicles WG 7 • Electric vehicles form
WG 7
• Electric mobility is Charging station services part of an
Concepts for special regulations for electric vehicles • Electric mobility is Charging station services part of an
Construction and expansion of Park & Ride facilities taken into account intermodal
Construction and expansion taken into account Free-floating services for electric vehicles intermodal
with charging infrastructure andofconnections
Park & Ride to facilities
LPT in transport and Free-floating services for electric vehicles transport system
with charging infrastructure and connections to LPT WG 3/7 in transport and Charging infrastructure compatibility transport system
WG 3/7 urban planning Charging infrastructure compatibility WG 7
urban planning with free-floating services WG 7 • Electric vehicles
Urban planning Charging infrastructure construction taken into account in urban planning initiatives WG 7 measures with free-floating services • Electric vehicles
Urban planning Charging infrastructure construction taken into account in urban planning initiatives measures routinely form part
WG 7 Car sharing Combined car hire services: routinely form part
Aspects requiring high levels of investment taken into account in architectural initiatives WG 7 • Park & Rides have Car sharing Combined car hire services: of car sharing fleets
Aspects requiring high levels of investment taken into account in architectural initiatives WG 7 • Park & Rides have electric vehicles and conventional cars/vans of car sharing fleets
enhanced facilities electric vehicles and conventional cars/vans
Sanctions for unauthorised
enhanced facilities Adequate state of charge (SOC) for • New usage models
Sanctions for unauthorised
use of parking spaces for electric vehicles Adequate state of charge (SOC) for • New usage models
WG 7 for electric vehicles electric vehicle batteries in order to ensure have become
use of parking spaces WG 7 electric vehicle batteries in order to ensure have become
safe continued operation/journey to established for
Strategies for promoting semi-public Strategy regarding number and distribution of charging stations safe continued operation/journey to established for
Strategies for promoting semi-public Strategy number and distribution of charging stations charging station electric vehicles
charging infrastructure in towns regarding
and municipalities WG 3/7 charging station electric vehicles
charging infrastructure
taken into account WG 3/7 in towns and municipalities WG 3/7
Transport modes Mobility map
taken into account WG 3/7 Transport modes Mobility map
WG 3/4/7
WG 3/4/7
Interoperability of car sharing fleets and
ICT Interoperability of car sharing fleets and
ICT the transport systems they connect with
the transport systems they connect with
WG 3/4/7
WG 3/4/7
Key: Ongoing activities Priority areas for action Key: Ongoing activities Priority areas for action
OngoingOngoing
activities
activities Priority Priority
areas for action
areas for action WG x Addressed in NPE WG “x” Showcase/development project OngoingOngoing
activities
activities Priority Priority
areas for action
areas for action WG x Addressed in NPE WG “x” Showcase/development project
WG x WG x Addressed
Addressed in NPEinWG
NPE“x”
WG “x” Showcase/development
Showcase/development projectproject WG x WG x Addressed
Addressed in NPEinWG
NPE“x”
WG “x” Showcase/development
Showcase/development projectproject16 Vision and Roadmap of the National Electric Mobility Platform Vision and Roadmap of the National Electric Mobility Platform 17
Priority areas for action
Vehicle Technology: AC and DC charging using the Combined Charging System (CCS)
Responsible working groups: Working group status and required next steps:
Roadmap
Underlying Enabler: WG1 “Drive technologies & vehicle integration”, WG1 “Drive technologies and vehicle integration”
Training & Qualification 2014 2017 2020 WG2 “Batteries”, • CCS technology is already incorporated into the development
WG3 “Charging infrastructure and power grid integration”, roadmaps for the forthcoming electric vehicle ranges of German
Sub-category Vision WG4 “Regulation, standardisation and certification” manufacturers. Vehicle manufacturers and suppliers are working to
ensure that future vehicle models are compatible with CCS technology
Well-designed engineering courses Combine different aspects of the system Systemic development of study courses / Description:
at higher education institutions, structures, postgraduate CPD and career • CCS fast charging can be used to rapidly extend the range of electric WG2 “Batteries”
Qualified professionals
incorporate additional subject areas profiles / areas
Academic Vocational career paths tailored to needs at every level … vehicles while they are parked for periods of between 15 and 30 • The way that batteries operate continues to be analysed through
Necessary adjustments for electric mobility:
and vocational develop qualification content, • deliver integrated minutes, for example at transport hubs in urban areas or at motorway ongoing research into the effect of CCS technology on battery life
education Technical college further education courses expand CPD profiles development of service stations
for engineers and continuing professional
technological product • The cost of installing CCS charging points is currently too high for WG3 “Charging infrastructure and power grid integration”
development (CPD) tailored to requirements Development of systemic Masters and CPD courses at universities and process
operators to recoup their investment quickly enough • User behaviour is being analysed in the showcase projects in order to
innovations and
Best practice transfer platform Intensify research efforts and expand network platforms systemic market and • Further technical analyses of battery life are required project actual demand for CCS fast charging stations and other
(flagship / showcase projects) service innovations for charging methods such as on-street charging
International / interdisciplinary Strategic development of electric mobility Status: • The suitability of CCS fast charging stations for city centres where
education alliances specialised personnel
Partnerships/projects in education / • design systemic • Vehicle manufacturers and suppliers have resolved the technical extensive parking management measures are in force is currently
research and vocational training Competency portfolios for the global
Cross-sectoral cooperation business models and issues relating to the integration of CCS and have already being investigated in order to ascertain, for example, the extent to
Systemic electric mobility market
usage concepts for incorporated the technology into their latest models which CCS fast charging stations should be installed in public
collaboration
global markets
and networking • The CCS technology used in the charging infrastructure and on board locations over the medium term
• work in cross-sectoral vehicles is now compatible • The potential for optimising the design and cost of CCS charging
partnerships and global
value networks
• CCS is designed so that it can in principle be deployed in any vehicle station hardware is being studied
market around the world. The electrical system, charge control system, • CCS charging stations form an integral part of the Charging
• secure Germany’s
position as a leading installation space requirements and safety precautions are identical for Infrastructure Roadmap
supplier all countries
• Europe’s automotive manufacturers have agreed to adopt CCS as the WG4 “Regulation, standardisation and certification”
common fast charging standard for Europe • Where necessary, the relevant standards are being developed as part
Key: Ongoing activities / • The first CCS charging points are currently being installed as part of of the ongoing international efforts to promote technical harmonisation
NPE WG 6 Competency Roadmap the showcase projects and in the model regions18 Vision and Roadmap of the National Electric Mobility Platform Vision and Roadmap of the National Electric Mobility Platform 19
Charging Infrastructure, Urban Planning & Intermodality:
Construction and expansion of public charging infrastructure & incorporation of charging
Energy & Environment: resolving energy and tax law issues infrastructure construction into urban planning initiatives
Responsible working groups: electricity remain unclear Responsible working groups: • Studies have hitherto paid insufficient attention to semi-public
WG3 “Charging infrastructure and power grid integration”, • The issues relating to the sharing of information between charging WG3 “Charging infrastructure and power grid integration”, charging infrastructure and its user groups, compared to private and
WG7 “General framework” points and vehicles (contract IDs, consumption and output values, WG7 “General framework” public charging facilities
charging time and charging status) have been resolved • Research is ongoing into the potential grid disruption resulting from
Description: Description: the extra grid load associated with fast charging and frequent charging
Priority areas
Priority areas
• Energy industry law currently treats charging stations sited on private Working group status and required next steps: • Charging facilities in people’s homes need to be supplemented by at transport hubs
property or in private multi-storey car parks as customer systems and WG3 “Charging infrastructure and power grid integration” public and semi-public charging points (e.g. in the workplace or in
not as part of the electricity grid. The exact classification of customer • National and international guidelines are being analysed in order to retail outlet car parks) in order to guarantee the necessary flexibility for Working group status and required next steps:
systems requires legal clarification establish the technical requirements for metering and billing solutions commuters and people undertaking long journeys of significantly more WG3 “Charging infrastructure and power grid integration”
• A more precise legal classification of public and semi-public charging • In order to protect operators’ investments, modular end metering than 100 km • The minimum technical and quantitative requirements for building a
stations is also required device systems are being developed where the calibrated metering fast charging infrastructure are currently being drawn up and will be
devices are kept separate from the other functional units Status: submitted to the NPE’s Steering Committee at the end of 2013
Status: • Software update mechanisms are being developed that do not • Existing analysis tools have been used to establish the initial require • Public charging infrastructure needs are being determined for different
• There is currently some debate as to whether public charging points temporarily invalidate the meter’s calibration certificate or require it to ments in terms of the charging infrastructure’s size and design, taking types of urban area, taking a variety of criteria into account (e.g. what
should be incorporated into the power supply grid, especially since the be re-certified urban planning considerations into account the area is used for, origin and destination of the traffic passing
flexible way in which electric vehicles can be charged in private • Mobile metering (i.e. the use of smart charging cables) could provide • At the end of 2012, 3,800 public charging points were available for a through the area, the number of private parking spaces and estimates
settings can have a stabilising influence on the grid. The vast majority an alternative stationary charging method. It will be necessary to total of just under 7,500 electric vehicles registered in Germany. Public of the number of semi-public parking spaces with charging facilities)
(approx. 90%) of charges will be performed in private settings where demonstrate the regulatory compliance of this approach in the various charging points had been installed in more than 580 towns and • Transport and urban planning measures involving installation of
vehicles can be charged flexibly, thus contributing to the stability of the projects and in cooperation with the grid operators municipalities across Germany on-street charging points or charging facilities sited in other suitable
grid. In public settings, on the other hand, charging flexibility is severely • Obtaining planning permission to install charging points in public locations should be subject to standardised checks
constrained by the customer’s need to be able to use their vehicle WG7 “General framework” places is often still an extremely lengthy process • Detailed research is being carried out into possible business models
again as soon as possible and the operator’s desire to ensure the • Work is ongoing to establish whether charging points should be • Private charging point construction is keeping pace with the increase for operating a semi-public charging infrastructure. Particular effort is
highest possible utilisation of their charging infrastructure classified as a customer system under energy industry law, as a in the number of electric vehicles and covers at least 80% of private also being devoted to the study of models where employers provide
• Meter installation and meter reading transparency are currently in the part of the electricity grid or as a new class of energy system vehicle demand charging facilities for their employees in company car parks
hands of charging station operators. However, operating an AC • Regulators are currently deciding on where the burden of proof lies in • The majority of public charging points are currently being installed in • The legal and tax law implications (e.g. the regulation of charging
charging station in accordance with the relevant calibration regulations the event of billing errors associated with roaming and customers’ locations where public or private funding is available. The first business facilities provided by employers as non-cash benefits) are also being
involves a substantial additional cost, whilst the DC charging infra freedom to choose their supplier models are starting to emerge in these locations studied
structure and inductive charging are still completely unregulated in this • Work is ongoing with officials from the Federal Network Agency for • In the future, the availability of a semi-public charging infrastructure • The liability issues connected with new types of charging facility (fast
regard. One alternative solution could be the use of “smart charging Electricity, Gas, Telecommunications, Post and Railway (Bundesnetza will plug a key gap in the overall infrastructure. This will be a major charging, streetlight-mounted charging units) are being studied and
cables” with built-in metering and measuring technology gentur) and Germany’s National Metrology Institute (Physikalisch-Tech factor in the decision of certain user groups to buy electric vehicles assessed
• Different legal frameworks currently still exist for transport providers nische Bundesanstalt) to develop exclusively time-based tariff models in
and electricity suppliers, meaning that the roles of vendors of charging view of the calibration regulation requirements20 Vision and Roadmap of the National Electric Mobility Platform Vision and Roadmap of the National Electric Mobility Platform 21
Charging Infrastructure: Open-system access to charging infrastructure with
regard to connectors/mechanical components, authentication and payment systems
• Work is ongoing to evaluate ways of employing incentives or support (for new developments and redevelopments) Responsible working groups: Two different payment methods are currently in use on the market:
to encourage businesses that are in principle interested in the field to • Possible incentives for retrofitting parking facilities with charging WG3 “Charging infrastructure and power grid integration”, contract-based charging and pay-as-you-go
build semi-public charging infrastructure. Particular emphasis is being points (standard and fast charging) are being discussed and assessed. WG4 “Regulation, standardisation and certification”
placed on investigating how the construction of semi-public charging Initiatives for enhancing and expanding the number of electric car Working group status and required next steps:
infrastructure can be incorporated into existing funding mechanisms sharing vehicle parking facilities, e.g. in Park & Ride car parks or at Description: WG3 “Charging infrastructure and power grid integration”
Priority areas
Priority areas
• The experiences with semi-public charging infrastructure in the model LPT stations are being documented and information leaflets are being • The frequency with which vehicles need to be charged and the large • The minimum standard for public charging stations should be a
regions and showcase projects are being documented and evaluated developed for local actors number of different providers make it necessary to ensure that the CCS-enabled Type 2-based charging infrastructure
• Models are being documented and developed that look at ways of system’s physical components (connectors/mechanical components) • Efforts are being made to equip the charging infrastructure with a
WG7 “General framework” enabling transport providers or local authorities to use publicly-owned and in particular authentication and payment systems are designed so remote capability in order to enable charging stations to be unlocked
• Examples of relevant arrangements in development plans or agree land for electric mobility purposes that they can be easily and universally used by customers and activated remotely
ments in urban planning contracts are being compiled and evaluated • German property ownership and tenancy law are being studied to see • Work is ongoing to promote the installation of the necessary IT
• Work is being carried out to establish whether and to what extent if they need to be amended or simplified with regard to the installation Status: infrastructure for charging stations in public car parks, so that informa
planning law needs to be amended or retrofitting of charging points (in order to provide planning security • Standards governing connectors and mechanical components are in tion about whether or not a charging station is currently in use can be
• The WG is working with the Joint Commission of the Federal and for people buying or renting a property) place and virtually every country in Europe has adopted or is intending displayed on board people’s vehicles or via smartphone apps
Regional Governments (Bund-Länder-Kommission) to establish to adopt a Type 2-based charging infrastructure standard (AC/DC, • The use of roaming-enabled systems (with common billing and
whether and to what extent building regulations need to be amended including CCS) authentication processes) is being tested and developed in the
• In order to promote the incorporation of electric mobility into privately • From 2017 onwards, all public charging facilities will be expected to showcase projects
run new-build and redevelopment projects, proposals are being provide Type 2 connectors for AC charging. Moreover, the aim is for all
submitted with regard to incentive schemes and guidelines for building public fast DC charging units to comply with the CCS standard WG4 “Regulation, standardisation and certification”
contractors and housing developers, property owners and employers • Standard authentication and payment systems have yet to be estab • It is necessary to keep working towards the rapid, universal introduc
(e.g. as part of local authority guidelines on climate protection and the lished. Some of the underlying principles have been developed at the tion of a Type 2-based charging infrastructure (AC/DC using CCS)
financial support schemes available through Germany’s reconstruction pre-normative stage and are starting to be discussed by standardisa throughout Europe by continuing discussions with the relevant
loan corporation (Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau)) tion bodies. However, there is still some way to go before universal European partners. Standardisation projects that are currently
• Planning law requirements for the construction of private and public standards are introduced underway should be concluded as swiftly as possible
parking facilities with charging points are being investigated • The following authentication methods are currently in widespread use • Support is being provided where necessary for the standardisation
• Building regulations are being studied with regard to the possibility of on the market: Power Line Communication (PLC), Radio-Frequency work that is already underway in the field of authentication
requiring a certain percentage of parking spaces to be equipped with Identification (RFID), mobile-phone based methods, telephone hot • Support is being provided where necessary to help coordinate the
charging facilities and the authorisation of local authority strategies lines, debit and credit cards, pay and display machines, keys and cash outcomes of R&D and completed consortium-based standardisation
payment initiatives in order to create a Europe-wide – and as far as possible
worldwide – official open-system authentication standard22 Vision and Roadmap of the National Electric Mobility Platform Vision and Roadmap of the National Electric Mobility Platform 23
Urban Planning and Intermodality:
Charging Infrastructure: data security and data protection law questions Sanctions for unauthorised use of parking spaces
Responsible working groups: Working group status and required next steps: Responsible working group: Working group status and required next steps:
WG3 “Charging infrastructure and power grid integration”, WG3 “Charging infrastructure and power grid integration” WG7 “General framework” WG7 “General framework”
WG4 “Regulation, standardisation and certification” • Work is ongoing with regard to the key aspects of electronic communi • Work is underway to investigate the extent to which road traffic regula
cation processes to ensure that they comply with legal requirements, Description: tions need to be amended in order to ensure a consistent approach to
Description: in particular the relevant ICT security and data protection requirements. • Statutory regulations are needed in order to guarantee access to the the priority use of public parking spaces by electric vehicles
Priority areas
Priority areas
• The charging infrastructure will be connected to power grids and In the case of the private charging infrastructure, for example, this available charging infrastructure. These regulations should also cover • A number of proposals have been developed concerning amendments
information networks and will thus be part of a critical infrastructure would relate to communication with the grid operators the parking spaces that are adjacent to charging points, which need to to road traffic regulations in relation to the visual identification of
that requires special protection against unauthorised access and • The outcomes of the showcase projects with regard to data exchange be kept reliably available for the time it takes to charge up vehicles’ electric vehicles as “Electric” (vehicle type definition)
tampering. This applies in equal measure to the private and public for roaming, authentication and charging and driving behaviour are batteries or for a pre-defined period of time • A number of solutions are being developed in order to ensure that the
charging infrastructure being consolidated current charging status (charging, fully charged) is clearly displayed.
• Data security and data protection acquire particular importance in view Status: The relevant temporary alternative solutions (e.g. parking disc-style
of the large volumes of user- and vehicle-specific data involved in the WG4 “Regulation, standardisation and certification” • There are currently no regulations governing charging procedures and solutions) are also being developed
charging process. Customers need to be confident that their data is • The findings from R&D initiatives and the demonstration projects the priority use of parking spaces by electric vehicles. Consequently, • Various solutions for limiting the time that charging point parking
being handled robustly and securely and that appropriate data protec continue to be fed into the open-ended process of determining what there are no sanctions for vehicles that park in charging point parking spaces can be used for are being developed, together with sanctions
tion standards are in place degree of standardisation is required taking into account the specific spaces without using the charging facilities for the use of public parking spaces by fully charged vehicles, vehicles
ICT security and data protection requirements • The basic requirements for regulating the use of public parking that are not currently being charged, or conventional vehicles
Status: • Standardisation initiatives are being promoted based on the needs facilities in connection with electric vehicles have been established
• The current standards expand on and flesh out the existing statutory identified over the course of this process based on pilot projects and practical experience. However, no standard
regulations and frameworks. However, the stocktaking and identifica practices have yet been developed for designating the priority use of
tion of potential concrete areas where action needs to be taken in the parking spaces for charging electric vehicles or for the sanctions to be
field of standardisation is a process that has yet to be concluded employed in the event of infringements
• Current efforts are geared towards achieving a common understand • In Germany, a ministerial communiqué has been issued concerning
ing of market roles and processes standard signage for the use of parking spaces by electric vehicles,
especially parking spaces adjacent to charging points in public places.
Consequently, a basis does exist for signage of parking spaces and in
particular those adjacent to charging points in public places. However,
different towns and municipalities have interpreted the communiqué in
different ways24 Vision and Roadmap of the National Electric Mobility Platform Vision and Roadmap of the National Electric Mobility Platform 25
Glossary
Urban Planning and Intermodality: Mobility maps Glossary
AC: LPT:
Responsible working groups: Working group status and required next steps: Alternating Current; ➞ DC Local Public Transport
WG3 “Charging infrastructure and power grid integration”, WG3 “Charging infrastructure and power grid integration” BEV: OEM:
WG4 “Regulation, standardisation and certification”, • Work is ongoing to develop a cross-operator mobility map Battery Electric Vehicle Original Equipment Manufacturer
WG7 “General framework” • Mobility and charging service operators are working to automate CCS: PHEV:
the exchange of data pertaining to the charging infrastructure and Combined Charging System Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Priority areas
Description: customer or vehicle identities DC: REEV:
• Intermodal mobility facilities (private cars, car sharing, LPT) are a key Direct Current; ➞ AC Range Extended Electric Vehicle
consideration for the environmentally-conscious customers who are WG4 “Regulation, standardisation and certification” DIN: RFID:
most likely to be interested in using electric vehicles on a daily basis. • Where necessary, the relevant standardisation initiatives are being Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V. Radio-Frequency Identification
In order to ensure trouble-free use, the relevant services will need to developed and supported based on the outcomes of R&D and (German Institute for Standardisation) SoC:
be enhanced and all the relevant transport modes and providers will demonstration projects and other sources of information HEV: State of Charge
have to be included in the process • Established systems from the transport sector are being tested in Hybrid Electric Vehicle TCO:
order to determine the extent to which they can be used with mobility IAA: Total Cost of Ownership (a model for calculating all the costs associated
Status: maps Internationale Automobil-Ausstellung (International Motor Show) with owning capital goods, e.g. running and maintenance costs, etc.)
• This issue has been addressed as part of various R&D projects that ICP: V2G:
have sought to analyse commuter flows and transport requirements WG7 “General framework” Integrated Circuit Packaging Vehicle to Grid
• The first cross-provider demonstration projects have been launched • Intermodal transport will require a range of amendments to existing ICT: VDE:
under the auspices of the showcase initiatives and model regions legislation. In particular, the provisions of the Public Transport Act Information and Communication Technology Verband der Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik e.V.
• Cross-provider payment systems are currently being tested (Personenbeförderungsgesetz) are being examined to determine the IEC: (Association for Electrical, Electronic & Information Technologies)
extent to which different types of intermodal service are actually International Electrotechnical Commission Wallbox:
possible ISO: Wall-mounted charging point
• A dialogue has been initiated with local authorities in their capacity as International Organization for Standardization
the primary owners of public transport companies to determine the Li-ion technology:
extent to which local government LPT regulations will still be able to Lithium-ion technology; also lithium-ion battery, lithium-ion secondary battery
meet the requirements of the municipal transport market going
forward26 Vision and Roadmap of the National Electric Mobility Platform
Arbeitsgruppen
Arbeitsgruppen der NPE
• WG 1 - Drive technologies and vehicle integration
• WG 2 - Battery technology
• WG 3 - Charging infrastructure and power grid integration
• WG 4 - Regulation, standardisation and certification
• WG 5 - Materials and recycling
• WG 6 - Training and qualifications
• WG 7 - General frameworkImprint Authors National Electric Mobility Platform (NPE) Systemic Approach Working Group, Chairman Dr. Rudolf Krebs Dr. Lars Heidenreich, Rüdiger Heim, Angela Pasch, Serge Runge Berlin, September 2013 Editor Gemeinsame Geschäftsstelle Elektromobilität der Bundesregierung (GGEMO) Scharnhorststraße 34–37 10115 Berlin Editorial Support Fraunhofer-Institut für Betriebsfestigkeit und Systemzuverlässigkeit LBF OFFIS - Institut für Informatik Oldenburg Typesetting and Layout heilmeyerundsernau.com Infographics heilmeyerundsernau.com Translations Joaquin Blasco, Scottland
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