UNESCO COUNTRY STRATEGY - INDONESIA - JAK/2018/PI/H/5 - unesdoc
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JAK/2018/PI/H/5
United Nations Sustainable
Educational, Scientific and Development
Cultural Organization Goals
INDONESIA
UNESCO COUNTRY
STRATEGY
2018 - 2021
EDUCATION
Education is central to the Indonesian Government’s
development agenda and is now the biggest single
sectoral outlay in the Indonesian budget, having
increased from 7.2 per cent of public expenditure in
2006 to 20.2 per cent in 2011.
SOCIAL AND
HUMAN SCIENCES
Against the background of these economic
challenges, Indonesia also needs to ensure that
the country’s young people, estimated at 65
million people between the ages of 15 and 24,
are suitably trained and employed to ensure
Indonesia’s ‘demographic bonus’ can be realized.
CONTENTS
Glossary 4
Foreword 5
About UNESCO 6
Part 1 – Strategic vision – UNESCO intervention rationale 7
EDUCATION 8
NATURAL SCIENCES 9
Disaster Risk Reduction 9
Policy and Capacity Building 9
Water and Environmental Sciences 10
SOCIAL AND HUMAN SCIENCES 11
CULTURE 12
COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION 13
Part 2 – Cooperation and Partnership 14
EDUCATION 14
NATURAL SCIENCES 15
Disaster Risk Reduction 15
Policy and Capacity Building 15
Water and Environmental Sciences 17
SOCIAL AND HUMAN SCIENCES 18
CULTURE 19
COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION 21
Part 3 – MONITORING AND EVALUATION 22
COOPERATION AND PARTNERSHIPS MATRIX 24
3
GLOSSARY
ABC Assisting Bioethics Committee
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations
BNPB National Disaster Managemetn Agency ( Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana)
CapEFA Capacity development for Education for All
CLC Community Learning Centres
CONNECT Collaboration for Network-enabled Education, Culture, Technology and Scnce)
COMPETENCE Comprehensive Programme to Enhance Technology, Engineering and Science Education
DSOCR Desired State of Conservation for Removal
ECCE Early Childhood Care and Education
EEP Ethics Education Programme
ER Expected Results
GNI Gross National Income
GO»SPIN Global Observatory of Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Instruments
HDI Human Development Index
HRD Human Resource Development
ICCAR International Coalition of Inclusive and Sustainable Cities
ICT Information, Communication and Technology
IGGP International Geoscience and Geoparks Programme
IHP International Hydrological Programme
INHERENT Indonesia Higher Education and Research Network
IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management
KOICA Korean International Cooperation Agency
MAB Man and the Biosphere Programme
MDG Millennium Development Goals
MoEC Ministry of Education and Culture
MORA Ministry of Religious Affairs
MOST Management of Social Transformation
NDRRMP National disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan
NDMD National Disaster Management Directorate
NTT East Nusa Tenggara
REDD Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation
RPJMN Indonesian National Medium Term Development Plan
SAGA STEM and Gender Advancement
SDG Sustainable Development Goals
SDP Strategic Development Plan
SO Strategic Objectives
SOI Asia School on Internet Asia
STI Science, Technology and Innovation
TEI Teacher Education institutions
TRHS Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra
TVET Technical and Vocational Education and Training
UNDAF United Nations Development Assistance Framework
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNPDF United Nations Partnership for Development Framework
4 WB World Bank
FOREWORD
The purpose of the UNESCO Country Strategy (UCS) document is
to improve UNESCO’s efficiency and performance at the country or
regional level. UNESCO interventions in the countries rely on the
four key cooperation principles: a) ownership by the Member States
and alignment with national plans while fostering implementation of
the 2030 Agenda and other main global agreements; b) effective and
efficient support to the national priorities within UNESCO’s C/4 and
C/5, c) flexibility and d) cooperative work with other UN agencies and
development stakeholders.
Since UNESCO Jakarta has a double role as a Science Bureau for Asia
and the Pacific and as a Cluster Office, where as Cluster Office, UNESCO
Jakarta works cover all UNESCO mandates: education, sciences, culture,
communication and information for programmes in Brunei Darussalam,
Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Timor-Leste, we have published
Shahbaz Khan one UCS for each country.
The UNESCO Country Strategy document for Indonesia is designed as a
Director of the UNESCO
tool for dialogue with stakeholders, donors and partners at country level,
Regional Science Bureau for Asia
in addition for the identification of prioritization of niche areas where
and the Pacific and
UNESCO’s interventions and assistance at country level can be maximized
UNESCO Representative for
while avoiding duplications. This UCS also highlights our efforts to
Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia,
serve Indonesia with a focus on contributing to the implementation
Malaysia, the Philippines, and
of the Sustainable Development Goals through targeted actions on
Timor-Leste
Education, Natural Sciences, Social and Human Sciences, Culture, and
Communication and Information. We have been actively involved to
support our partners in Indonesia on SDGs 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
15, 16 and 17.
This UCS is a living document, which will be updated regularly to respond
to emerging challenges and opportunities.
5
About UNESCO
UNESCO works to create the conditions for dialogue among civilizations, cultures and peoples, based
upon respect for commonly shared values. It is through this dialogue that the world can achieve global
visions of sustainable development encompassing observance of human rights, mutual respect and the
alleviation of poverty, all of which are at the heart of UNESCO’S mission and activities.
The Asia-Pacific region counts for almost two thirds of the world’s population and gathers countries of great
diversity in economic, religious, political and cultural terms. This diversity, along with globalization and the
dynamism and rapid evolution of the region bear great challenges for governments and societies. In close
cooperation with governments, National Commissions and non-governmental partners, UNESCO Jakarta
works on fulfilling UNESCO’s mandate to contribute to peace and security in the world by promoting
collaboration among nations through education, science, culture and communication in order to further
universal respect for justice, for the rule of law and for the human rights and fundamental freedoms which
are affirmed for the peoples of the world, without distinction of race, sex, language or religion, by the
Charter of the United Nations.
In the 48 UNESCO Member States and 2 Associate
Members of the Asia-Pacific, UNESCO is present
with a network of 13 Field Offices comprising Cluster
Offices, Country Offices and Regional Bureau.
UNESCO office in Jakarta was established as a field office for South-East Asian Science Cooperation
(SEASCO) in 1951. In 1967 it became the Regional Office for Sciences and for
South East Asia (ROSTSEA).
UNESCO Jakarta has a double role as a Science Bureau for Asia and the Pacific and as a Cluster Office.
As Regional Bureau for Science, UNESCO Jakarta provides strategic expertise, advisory, monitoring
and evaluation functions to Member States, other UNESCO Field Offices and UN Country Teams in the
area of Science. It assumed the role of focal point for Timor-Leste in 2002. As Cluster Office, UNESCO
Jakarta covers all UNESCO mandates: education, sciences, culture, communication and information. It is
responsible for the implementation of related programmes in Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, the
Philippines, and Timor Leste in all UNESCO fields of competence.
In the spirit of One UN and as part of the United Nations Country Team (UNCT) in Indonesia, UNESCO
Jakarta works in synergy with the United Nations Sister Agencies to achieve the Sustainable Development
Goals in the Asia-Pacific region.
6
PART 1
STRATEGIC
VISION – UNESCO
INTERVENTION
RATIONALE
Socio-economic indicators
Total population (in thousands) 257,564
Annual Indonesia population growth (%) 1.2
Population 15-24 years (in thousands) 43,945
Population aged 14 years and younger (in thousands) 71,326
Rural population (% of total population) 46
Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.5
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 23
Life expectancy at birth (years) 69
Prevalence of HIV (% of population aged 15-49 years) 0.5
Poverty headcount ratio at 3.10 PPP$ a day (% of population) 36.4
GDP per capita - PPP$ 11,035
Annual GDP growth (%) 4.8
Total debt service (% of GNI) 6.7
GDP in billions - PPP$ 2,850
UIS, 2017
Indonesia is the largest economy in Southeast Asia and continues to be a rising power both in the
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the G20, with a Gross Domestic Product of $861,9
billion in 2015 (UNDP, 2017). The country has experienced significant economic growth in the last two
decades and as an emerging middle-income country, Indonesia has made enormous gains in poverty
reduction, cutting the poverty rate to more than half since 1999, to 10.9% in 2016. (WB, 2017). Indonesia’s
2015 Human Development Index value of 0.689 represents a remarkable progress from 0.474 in 1980,
reflecting considerable improvements in life expectancy, access to education, and incomes (UNDP, 2017).
Indonesia is the world’s fourth most populous nation and comprises more than 360 ethnic groups. As the
number of population increases, the country faces growing inequities across its vast archipelago of over
13,446 islands.
7
Indonesia’s economic planning follows a 20-year long-term development plan, spanning from 2005 to 2025.
It is segmented into four 5-year medium-term plans, called the RPJMN, each with different development
priorities. The current medium-term development plan – the third phase of the long-term plan -- runs
from 2015 to 2020, focusing, among others, on infrastructure development and social assistance programs
related to education and health-care.
Long-term development in Indonesia is jeopardized by environmental degradation and climate change.
Much of the country’s economic growth has been driven by the extraction of natural resources at the
expense of the environment. Indonesia is also one of the world’s top emitters of greenhouse gases and
the deforestation rate is one of the highest in the world. The country is also challenged with widening
inequality and the need to generate the growth it needs to cut poverty and inequality and at the same
time protect its natural resources and its long-term development prospects.
The Government of Indonesia and the United Nations system are committed to building a nation that is
prosperous, democratic and just, where development benefits all people, and where the rights of future
generations are protected.
EDUCATION
Indonesia’s education system is it is the third largest
education system in the Asia region and the fourth largest
in the world (behind only China, India and the United
States). There are over 50 million students and 2.6 million
teachers in more than 250,000 schools in Indonesia with a
school system that is immense and diverse. Two ministries
are responsible for managing the education system, with
84 percent of schools under the Ministry of Education and
Culture (MoEC) and the remaining 16 percent under the
Ministry of Religious Affairs (MoRA). Private schools play
an important role. While only 7 percent of primary schools
are private, the shares increase to 56 percent in junior
secondary and 67 percent in senior secondary.
Education is central to the Indonesian Government’s development agenda and is now the biggest single
sectoral outlay in the Indonesian budget, having increased from 7.2 per cent of public expenditure
in 2006 to 20.2 per cent in 2011. The spending for education has doubled between 2000 and 2006. In
2007, spending on education was more than for any other sector, reaching an equivalent US$14 billion
equivalent, or more than 16 percent of total government expenditure.
The Law on National Education (No.20/2003) and the Constitution Amendment III emphasize that all
Indonesian citizens have the right to education; that the Government has an obligation to finance basic
education without charging fees; and that the Government is mandated to allocate 20% of its expenditure
on education. The Teacher Law (No. 14/2005) introduced important changes to the employment conditions
and requirements for the certification of teachers, aiming at improving education quality. However, despite
substantial investment by the Government in this sector, the quality of education remains of critical concern.
Primary school net enrollment rates are below 60% in poor districts compared to more well-off districts
that have universal enrollment. Net enrollment rates for secondary education have experienced a steady
climb (currently 66% in Junior Secondary and 45% in Senior Secondary) but are still low compared to other
countries in the region. Indonesia is also trailing behind its neighbors in Early Childhood Education and
Higher Education, with gross enrollment rates of 21% and 11.5% respectively.
8
NATURAL SCIENCES
Disaster Risk Reduction
Indonesia is prone to many different types of hazards, the government indicated there are 14 types of
hazards that can caused a disaster Indonesia. Floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, and
forest fires are all common in Indonesia. The varied nature of threats and the scale of these events, that
quite often are massive, complicates risk management in the country.
In order to implement the mandate of Law No. 24 of 2007 on Disaster, the National Disaster Management
Agency (Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana -BNPB), in accordance to its mandate, developed
the Policies and Strategies for Disaster Management (Kebijakan dan Strategi Penanggulangan Bencana
- JAKSTRA PB/). The JAKSTRA PB document was developed based on third National Medium Term
Development Plan of 2015-2019, the National Disaster Management Plan (RENAS PB), an Academic
Manuscript, and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030. The Policies and Strategies
for Disaster Management incorporated disaster management and disaster risk reduction into the national
strategic objective: Reduction of the disaster risk index in high risk economic growth centers. The policy is
to reduce the disaster risk index by 30% from 2015 through 2019. The strategy to be applied is to increase
the disaster management capacity of Regencies/Municipalities by implementing the 71 indicators of
resilience. Stakeholders of the JAKSTRA PB include 23 Ministries/Agencies, the military, police and other
non-government organizations and institutions.
Policy and Capacity Building
Among President Jokowi’s NAWACITA nine priorities agenda, which was then translated into the RPJMN
2015-2019, three priorities are directly referring to science, technology and innovation:
1. Sixth priority “Increasing productivity and competitiveness”
• Build in 34 province, 100 science and techno parks
• Build academies and vocational schools
2. Seventh priority ”Promoting economic independence by developing domestic strategic sectors
• Increase research in agriculture and industry
3. Eighth priority” Overhauling the character of the nation”
• For higher education, 40 percent of teaching must focus on science, and 60 percent
on applied knowledge
• Provide subsidies to state universities
• Provide financing for research and technology development
RPJMN 2015-2019 highlights the importance of strengthening “the quality and utilization of science and
technology to support the overall goal of improving the country’s competitiveness and a move towards a
more knowledge-based economy”. A “National Innovation Commission” (Komite Inovasi Nasional, KIN),
an advisory body reporting directly to the president and composed of members from the Ministry of
Research and Technology (Kementerian Riset dan Teknologi, RISTEK), non-ministerial research institutes
(Lembaga Pemerintah Non Kementerian, LPNK), academia, and private sector representatives has been
established to coordinate on a regular basis actions and efforts of the various actors in the national
system and develop concrete policy implementation plans and cross-sector mechanism. Regarding STI
and Science policy capacity building, RPJMN 2015-2019 is tackling the SDG 9.5. 17.6, 17.7, 17.8, 17.9 and
17.14 targets on Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure and also on Partnership for the Goals.
9
Water and Environmental Sciences
Indonesia is experiencing high rates of natural resources destruction: primary rainforest depletion
through deforestation and forest fires, coral reef destruction and pollution of aquatic systems. Given
that the country is one of 17 “megadiverse” countries and contains the single largest and most diverse
are of mangroves in the Asia-Pacific region, the needs for environmental sustainability are crucial. The
Government of Indonesia has approved a comprehensive action plan for biodiversity conservation and
sustainable use, the Indonesian Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (IBSAP) 2003-2020, as well as ratified
the UN Convention on Biodiversity. Substantial efforts have been made, however, there is still a long way
to fully meet the 2030 Agenda goals on environment conservation. The destruction of natural resources
entails an alarming increase of greenhouse gases emission. With deforestation releasing nearly 80% of the
carbon and other heat-trapping emissions in Indonesia , the Government is aiming to cut as much as 26%
of the country’s greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 (41% with international support) based on the 2020
business as usual scenario, according to the RPJMN (2015-2019). These targets are further elaborated
in the National Action Plan for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions, which articulates the role of the
forestry sector in achieving these targets and will contribute towards the achievement of SDG 13 in the
2030 Agenda. Requirements include new funding mechanisms for the implementation of the Reducing
Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) Programme.
The UNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme, using the MAB Strategy and the Lima Action
Plan as tools for 2015-2025, emphasize the importance of Biosphere Reserves in becoming models for
sustainable development. Various efforts have been made by the Indonesian MAB National Committee
to promote the Biosphere Reserves concept and principles, through community empowerment and
environmental education. Currently, there are 11 Biosphere Reserves in Indonesia covering an area of
17,621,562 ha (including 3,170,502 ha of conservation areas), and more to become in the upcoming years
thus contributing to several targets of SDG 14. However, some challenges still need to be addressed, such
as the integrated management and action plans, or the legal frameworks from the government at the
local, provincial and national level.
Addressing SDG 14 is also in line with the implementation of the World
Heritage Convention, especially with the four natural WH properties in
Indonesia: Komodo in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), Lorentz in Papua, Ujung
Kulon in Banten, and the Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra (TRHS). TRHS,
covering seven provinces in Sumatra along the Bukit Barisan Mountains range,
consists of three national parks: Gunung Leuser, Kerinci Seblat and Bukit Barisan
Selatan. It was designated as a World Heritage site in 2004, in recognition for
its greatest potential for long-term conservation of the distinctive and diverse
biota of Sumatra, including many endangered species. Since its inscription,
the World Heritage Committee expressed its outmost concern with regards
to the several threats, mostly road development and agricultural expansion,
which could jeopardize the integrity of this World Heritage site. Since 2011,
TRHS is inscribed in the List of World Heritage in Danger and the Government
of Indonesia has committed to take the necessary actions for the removal
of the property from the In Danger list, as stated in their Desired State of
Conservation for Removal (DSOCR).
On the other hand, water resources management is a major concern to the Government of Indonesia,
and the country has been addressing the consequences of industrialization and urbanization through
the promotion of sustainable management of water resources and the reduction of pollution and waste.
According to the RPJMN 2015-2019, the Government will improve the four national prioritized river
basins (Ciliwung, Citarum, Kapuas and Siak) and 26 prioritized river basins by 2019 through cross-sectoral
activities. These initiatives are aligned with SDG 6 of the global development 2030 Agenda.
10SOCIAL AND HUMAN SCIENCES
Indonesia faces growing inequities across its vast archipelago and addressing this issue is both a RPJMN
priority and a central underlying principle of the Post-2015 Sustainable Development Agenda. This calls
for special attention to the people and groups most in need. Through this partnership, no goal or target
will be considered met unless it is met for all social and economic groups. Certain vulnerable populations,
such as young people, women and people with disabilities, are especially hard-hit by the conditions of
poverty. Recent studies indicate that people with disabilities in Indonesia are 30 to 50 per cent more likely
to be poor and without employment than those without disabilities.
Against the background of these economic challenges, Indonesia also needs to ensure that the country’s
young people, estimated at 65 million people between the ages of 15 and 24, are suitably trained and
employed to ensure Indonesia’s ‘demographic bonus’ can be realized. This demographic dividend refers
to the potential of a larger proportion of working aged population and a lower dependency ratio, which
can drive opportunities to generate capital and wealth. Indonesia recently met the objectives of getting
the aggregate unemployment rate below six per cent. However, Indonesia’s youth unemployment remains
significant at around 22 per cent, with young people accounting for over 50 per cent of the unemployed
population. There is a need to ensure employment for the 15 million young people that will enter the
labour market in the next five years. If successful, the demographic bonus can then be fully exploited in
the short term and can create capacity to deal with the economic burden of an ageing population from
2025 onwards.
As a central concept of the 2030 Agenda and the
foundation of its 17 Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs), Social Inclusion is everybody’s
business – countries affluent and poor,
governments big and small, the UN system and
broader development community, civil society
and private sector. And yet, much remains to be
done to understand the complex nature of Social
Inclusion, to develop methodologies to monitor
and measure progress towards this goal, and to
translate the emerging knowledge into policy
and action. UNESCO, with its multidimensional
mandate in Social and Human Sciences, is
pushing the frontiers of knowledge for better
understanding and effective application of Social
Inclusion in public policy.
In Indonesia, UNESCO Jakarta Office will continue
to use this knowledge to build the capacity of the “community of practice” – governments, universities,
civil society – in inclusive public policy design. This will be accomplished through the projects designed
to put into practice the Analytical Framework for Inclusive Policy Design developed by UNESCO’s
Management of Social Transformations (MOST) programme, as well as other tools and methodologies
from the academic and research institutions around the world.
11CULTURE
Culture can play an important role in the development of the country. Heritage is also a richness that creates
employment. Indonesia is a multicultural country with an abundant natural and cultural diversity, resulting
in a rich tangible and intangible cultural heritage that needs to be safeguarded for future generations. In
a country where natural disasters are frequent this could lead to serious negative impacts on both local
and national communities and Indonesia’s outstanding cultural properties. As an archipelago country,
Indonesia’s underwater cultural heritage is very rich and reflects its cultural diversity. Culture can play a big
role in the development of the country. Heritage is also a richness that creates employment. However, this
heritage, be it on earth or underwater is at risk and can be the object of illicit trafficking for commercial or
violent purposes. The rise of radicalism and its intolerance towards other people may threaten the spirit of
dialogue and the diversity inherited from millennia of exchanges and culture prevailing in the region.
UNESCO’s Conventions are a powerful mean to protect and promote heritage and creativity at an
international level. Since 27 May 1950 when it became a Member states of UNESCO, Indonesia has
developed fruitful relations with UNESCO in the field of Culture. Indonesia ratified the 1954 Convention
for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and its protocols (1967); the 1972
Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1989), the 2003
Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage and the 2005 Convention on the
Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. However, important conventions like
the Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of
Ownership of Cultural Property (1970), the 1995 UNIDROIT Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported
Cultural Objects, and the Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (2001) could
also request attention from Indonesia.
Indonesia has 4 cultural sites on the World heritage
list, 18 properties on the UNESCO World Heritage
Tentative List and 7 elements on the UNESCO
Intangible Cultural Heritage list. Two Indonesian
cities are members of the UNESCO Creative Cities
network: Pekalongan in the category Crafts and
Folk art, and Bandung, in the category of design.
By being the host country of the World Culture
Forum in 2016, Indonesia has become a leader in
recognizing the power of Culture for Development.
The Forum gives the international community the
opportunity to discuss strategies and to recommend
policies for sustainable cultural development,
particularly focusing on the preservation
Cultural World Heritage Sites in Indonesia: Borobudur Temple Compounds (1991), Cultural Landscape of Bali Province: The Subak System as a Manifestation
of the Tri Hita Karana Philosophy (2012), Prambanan Temple Compound (1991) and Sangiran Early Man Site (1996).
• 18 properties on the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List and 7 elements on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage list: Indonesian Kris (2008),
Wayang puppet theatre (2008), Indonesian Batik (2009), Indonesian Angklung (2010), Saman dance (2011), Noken multifunctional knotted or woven bag,
handcraft of the people of Papua (2012), Three genres of traditional dance in Bali (2015), and one good practice: Education and training in Indonesian Batik
12 intangible cultural heritage for elementary,10
@
100
COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION
Growing freedom of the press has accompanied Indonesia’s transition to democracy since 1998, and
Indonesian news media have made significant contributions towards the strengthening of a democratic
society. Bolstered by the Indonesian Press Law (2002) and the Public Information Disclosure Act (2008),
the space for freedom of expression of expression and independent press has grown in the country,
exemplified by the exhibition of thoughts and opinion through various outlet – print, film, music,
photography, literature, and most recently through the Internet including social media. However, there is
still a strong sensitivity in regards to the issue of religion, race and political ideology.
Self-regulation of the media is an area where Indonesia is providing regional leadership. Through the
independent Indonesian Press Council, the public and media community has an avenue to pursue formal
arbitration without going through lengthy legal procedure. Such self-regulatory mechanisms has had a
positive effect on overall professional standard and quality of journalism in the country. Access to publicly
held information is another area where Indonesia could become a regional leader, as Indonesia has the
most established legal instrument in the region as well as a dedicated Information Commission, which is
tasked with ensuring the compliance of the law. Furthermore, under the current RPJMN 2015-2019, building
openness in information and public communication is considered as one the twelve action programme
that contributes to political sovereignty. The Government of Indonesia has under RPJMN 2015 – 2019
called on donor community to consider “gender mainstreaming” when supporting Indonesia’s national
priorities. This outlook complements UNESCO’s gender priority strategy for all programmatic activities
13PART 2
COOPERATION AND
PARTNERSHIP
EDUCATION
UNESCO Office, Jakarta will continue to support the efforts of the Government of Indonesia in meeting
the Sustainable Development goals, SDG4: Quality Education. Major emphasis of education activities
will be placed in encouraging and supporting reforms in the development of more effective and efficient
education systems. UNESCO will also focus its efforts on improving the quality of education by removing
barriers to participation and learning, strengthening the provision of education through stronger climate
change education, Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), comprehensive sexuality education,
educational planning, the pedagogy of ECCE, Technical and Vocational Education Training (TVET), and
stronger partnerships for SDGs.
To promote the objectives of the UNPDF for Indonesia, the Education Programme at UNESCO Office
Jakarta supports two programme initiatives to assist the country in: (1) in strengthening the implementation
of SDG 4.7, and (2) in improving access to Quality Education For All. All stakeholders, especially policy
makers within MoEC and Teacher Education Institutions (TEIs) need to understand the substance and
importance of SDG4 – Education 2030, as well as its implementation in educational institutions in Indonesia
in accordance with the national education policy and the realization of RPJMN. SGD4 Targets needs to
be developed and implemented in accordance with the national character and local communities to
anticipate various national issues. Better ways need to be promoted to prevent and protect people from
climate change, climate-related natural disasters, and environmental degradation through ESD.
14NATURAL SCIENCES
Disaster Risk Reduction
United Nations support in Indonesia will be in line with the Government of Indonesia’s targets on disaster
management as written in the RPJMN 2015–2019 and national commitments to the Sendai Framework for
Disaster Risk Reduction. It will focus on strengthening capacities to minimize the risk of disasters especially
in sub-regions, and strengthening resilience of communities, including children and women. The United
Nations will support key government agencies to integrate disaster risk management, risk prevention and
social cohesion into the national and sub-national development plan, and ensure disaster risk reduction
education and preparedness are integrated on all levels in line with international standards. This will be
conducted by strengthening existing multi-stakeholder partnerships, cooperation with ASEAN and South-
South & Triangular cooperation by developing and improving policies, planning, tools, methodologies
and practices.
One of the UNDPF Outcome was on environmental sustainability and enhanced resilience to shocks
focusing on Protection of the environment, Climate change mitigation and adaptation, and Disaster
management. The UNPDF identifies there is a continued need to improve sub-regional, regional and
international coordination in the field of disaster management and disaster risk reduction, particularly
identifying vulnerabilities through risk assessments, minimizing impact through the development of early
warning mechanisms and disaster preparedness and risk prevention and mitigation. In this regard, there
is a need to keep utilizing existing multilateral cooperation and national measures to improve institutional
capacity and people’s awareness to reduce disaster risks and impacts.
Policy and Capacity Building
Even though an emerging middle-income economy, Indonesia has not developed a technology intensive
industrial structure and there is no lack of university graduates however enrolment in science remains
comparatively low to other similar economies in the region. Research and Development is mainly delivered
by public sector employing more than 55% of researchers.
The reference to Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) in UNPDF 2016-2020 document for Indonesia
is very limited and there is no core programming about it. RPJMN 2015-2019 has placed STI in the heart
of three priorities by planning the development of science and technoparks, academies and vocational
schools, research in agriculture and industry, reforming curriculum more focused on science and applied
knowledge in higher education with subsidies to state universities and for research and technology
15development covering the delivery of SDGs 9.b, 17.96, 17.7, 17.8 and 17.91.
Moreover, S&T policies plan to transfer part of public investment in R&D to the
business sector with a promotion of value-added end market. The six economic
corridors plan to foster innovation by establishing regional priorities states STI
related matters only for Java with ICTs.
UNESCO’s Medium-Term Strategy for 2014-2021 (document 37 C/4) sets out the
strategic vision and programmatic framework for UNESCO’s action in education,
sciences, culture, communication and information at the global, regional and
country levels over the next eight years. Strategic objectives (SO) 4 and 5 are focusing on supporting STI
and PBP which are in line with RPJMN 2015-2019 by:
• SO 4: Strengthening science, technology and innovation systems and policies – nationally,
regionally and globally linked with the delivery of SDG 9.5 and 9.b
• SO 5: Promoting international scientific cooperation on critical challenges to sustainable
development linked with the delivery of SDG 17.6, 17.7, 17.8, 17.9 and 17.14.
At the implementation level, UNESCO Draft Programme and Budget for 2018-2021 (39 C/5) also places STI
role under Main Programme II A- Natural Sciences MLA 1 “Harnessing STI and knowledge for sustainable
development” with two specific Expected Results (ER) in line with RPJMN 2015-2019 priorities:
• ER1 Member states have strengthened their capacity to develop and monitor inclusive STI
policy and knowledge systems linked with SDG 9.b
• ER2 Member states have increased their capacity to produce, disseminate and apply STI linked
with SDG 9.5 and 17.6.
As ICTs is a recognised Java regional priority for the six economic corridors, INHERENT (Indonesia
Higher Education and Research Network established in 2006) cooperation with UNESCO can be highly
beneficial in promoting the use of ICT in various higher education and research activities. Moreover,
INHERENT has been providing a secure and reliable platform enabling efficient e-learning establishment
as common practice not limited to science or computer science subjects. UNESCO related networks such
as CONNECT-Asia (COllaboration for Network-eNabled Education, Culture, Technology and science –
Asia) operating on School of Internet-Asia infrastructure and through the Comprehensive Programme to
Enhance Technology, Engineering and Science Education in Asia, COMPETENCE supported by Japan
Funds-in-Trust.
On an institutional point of view, UNESCO tools such as the Global Observatory of Science, Technology
and Innovation Policy Instruments (GO»SPIN) and STEM and Gender Advancement (SAGA) will facilitate
mapping current science policies, setting standards and providing guidelines in STI policies and promote
collaboration between relevant institutions within Indonesia and with the wider UNESCO family STI network
in Asia and the Pacific region. Also major UNESCO partner for gender, UNESCO L’Oréal For Women in
Science partnership should be reinforced as L’Oréal For Women in Science is particularly active.
SDG 9.5 Enhance scientific research and upgrade technological capabilities of industrial sectors
SDG 9.b Domestic technology development, research
SDG 17.6 17.6 Enhance North-South, South-South and triangular regional and international cooperation on access to science, technology and innovation
SDG 17.7 Promote development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies
SDG 17.8 Operationalize technology bank and science & technology and innovation capacity building mechanisms
SDG 17.9 International support for effective and targeted capacity-building in developing countries
16 SDG 17.17 Promote effective public, public-private and civil society partnershipsWater and Environmental Sciences
The UNPDF 2016-2020 for Indonesia states that, by 2020, Indonesia is sustainably managing its natural
resources, on land and at sea, with an increased resilience to the effects of climate change, disaster and
other shocks. UNPDF 2016 – 2020 underlines four outcomes; two of which focus on sustainability and
conservation of the environment and water supply:
• Outcome 2 “Equitable access to social services and social protection” highlights better access
to water supply and sanitation, and
• Outcome 3 “Environmental sustainability and enhanced resilience to shocks” emphasises the
importance to address this issue, given that the country is “one of 17 megadiverse countries,
globally important as a centre for biodiversity and contains the single largest and most diverse
area of mangroves in the Asia-Pacific region (UNDPF, 2015). Included under this outcome is
water pollution and water resources management.
UNESCO Office Jakarta Natural Sciences programme envisages the following interventions to further
support the country’s efforts, in line with UNESCO Programme and Budget 38 C/5 (2016-2017) and Draft
Programme and Budget for 2018-2021 (39 C/5):
• Strengthening capacity to sustainably manage natural resources, and increasing ability to
achieve SDGs 13, 14, 15 and other targets related to biodiversity conservation, earth sciences
and climate change resilience.
• Strengthening responses to local, national and regional water security challenges and increases
its ability to achieve SDG 6 and other water-related targets
• Increasing capacity to address development challenges, including in UNESCO sites as learning
sites, for inclusive and comprehensive approaches to social, environmental and economic
aspects of sustainable development
The above interventions are carried out through the Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB), the
International Hydrological Programme (IHP), International Geoscience and Geoparks Programme
(IGGP). UNESCO’s MAB Programme and IGGP have been and continue to be implemented in Indonesia
to support the sustainable natural resources management for UNESCO designated sites, in order to
promote innovative approaches to economic development that are socially and culturally appropriate,
and environmentally sustainable. Knowledge sharing has been and continue to be promoted through,
among others, Southeast Asia Biosphere Reserves Network (SeaBRnet), Asia Pacific Biosphere Reserves
Network (APBRN), UNESCO Global Geoparks Network, and UNESCO partners in the region.
17Under IHP, in order to strengthen the country’s responses to local, national and
regional water security challenges and to increase its ability to achieve SDG 6
and SDG 13, five related projects have been implemented in the region. Capacity
building on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and ecohydrology
tools and knowledge sharing, have been implemented through the network of
IHP and Asia Pacific Water family, including IHP national commissions, UNESCO
Category II Water Centre and Chairs. The Natural Science Programme of UNESCO
Office Jakarta has and continues to provide support for the the Tropical Rainforest
Heritage of Sumatera (TRHS) listed in the World Heritage Site “in Danger” by
coordinating the development of a Strategic Environmental Assessment of the cumulative effects of road
development plans in TRHS. The assessment recommend a series of alternative transport options which
do not adversely affect the Outstanding Universal Value of TRHS.
Enhancing the role of Indonesian youth in addressing climate change is another focus of UNESCO Office
Jakarta. A range of awareness raising activities have been and will continue to be conducted to engage
youth in both mitigating and adapting to climate change, through UNESCO Climate Change Initiative,
MAB, IHP, or other programmes, and linking with UNESCO designated sites.
A regional support for advancing and promoting Sustainability Science concept has also been, and will
continue to be carried out in the country. Sustainability Science offers a problem-focused approach
rather than discipline-focused approach, and recognizes that social, cultural, spiritual and traditional
values are part of a broader whole that needs to be encompassed in order to engender a sustainable
future. Sustainability science principles have been and continue to be integrated in both natural resource
management frameworks and processes within MAB program and at river basin and/or national levels for
urban storm water management, through research, awareness raising activities and policy discussions at
national and regional level.
SOCIAL AND HUMAN SCIENCES
The Social and Human Sciences Programme activities in Indonesia are designed to respond directly to
the priorities on inclusive social development outlined in the UNPDF 2016–2020 and RPJMN 2015–2019,
with which the UNPDF is aligned. The most relevant UNPDF Outcomes are N 2: Equitable Access to Social
Services and Social Protection (with the corresponding RPJMN mission: The quality of life of Indonesian
people that is highly advanced and prosperous); and N 4: Improved Governance and Equitable Access to
Justice for All (with the corresponding RPJMN mission: Advanced society, balanced and democratic that
is based on law nation).
To support the country in the achievement of these national aspirations, as well as the commitments made
towards the fulfilment of 2030 Agenda, UNESCO’s Social and Human Sciences Programme will strengthen
the institutional and human capacities in the country to generate, manage and apply knowledge to
better deliver on specific targets of the 2030 Agenda related to social inclusion, reduction of inequalities,
health, inclusive policies, and participatory decision-making. Various activities will be carried out for
creating, capturing, analysing, sharing, brokering and disseminating knowledge and fit-for-purpose data;
enhancing the policy uptake of research; connecting stakeholders; and bolstering responsive, inclusive
and participatory decision-making.
The key modalities for delivering these results will include UNESCO’s Intergovernmental MOST
Programme; the Action Plan for the International Decade for the Rapprochement of Cultures (2013-2022);
the International Coalition of Inclusive and Sustainable Cities (ICCAR) and other UNESCO urban platforms;
the Ethics Education Programme (EEP), and the Assisting Bioethics Committees (ABC) Project; and national
projects under the Fund for the Elimination of Doping in Sport. These modalities will be monitored to
ensure continued relevance, adaptability and effectiveness of these capacity-building initiatives.
18A major emphasis will be placed on engaging the Indonesian youth in building peaceful
and inclusive society towards the achievement of SDG 16. The young women and men
in the country are vital actors and partners in innovative initiatives in response to global
challenges. UNESCO will assist the government in its efforts to enhance investment in
research, policies and programmes to create enabling conditions for youth, including
the most vulnerable and marginalized and especially young women, to prosper, exercise
rights and engage as responsible citizens and social actors. The Operational Strategy
on Youth (2014-2021) gives UNESCO an agreed framework to harness the potential of
the young generation for constructive change, sustainable development and peace.
Operational activities will be developed through three complementary, transversal and interlinked axes: (a)
policy formulation and review with the participation of youth; (b) capacity development for the transition
to adulthood; and (c) civic engagement, democratic participation and social innovation. Such efforts will
also be geared towards addressing the core causes of youth vulnerability and supporting young women
and men to take an active role in promoting peace and countering violent extremism, in line with United
Nations Security Council Resolution 2250 on Youth, Peace and Security (2015). UNESCO will seek out the
youth stakeholders in the country (namely youth civil society organizations, youth networks, grassroots
youth-led organizations, youth national or municipal councils, as well as individual youth leaders) and
support them through targeted interventions to lead action and engage as active citizens at all levels to
contribute to sustainable livelihoods, promote mutual understanding and dialogue, to prevent violent
extremism, and build and consolidate peace. Such work will also contribute to the effective participation
of youth in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda.
CULTURE
The Indonesian RPJMN 2015-2019 contains several key objectives directly linked to Culture: economic
development, character building, the potential of tourism, and building a strong personality in culture.
These objectives are in line with the SDG of the UN, especially SDG 1, 11, 11.3, 11.4 and 12.b.1 They
also answer UNESCO’s programmes/mid-term strategy that promotes culture as a powerful vector of
development and intercultural dialogue, especially 1) Protecting, promoting and transmitting heritage
and 2) Fostering creativity and the diversity of cultural expressions which includes intangible heritage,
creativity and cultural diversity. Heritage and creativity benefitting development and cultural tourism, and
the respect of Cultural diversity leading to creativity and intercultural dialogue.
The Cultural Programme of UNESCO Office Jakarta has conducted a series of projects for capacity building
of the Borobudur Conservation Office in the field of stone conservation, water management, identification
of the Buddha heads, conservation of the archives on the Temple and disaster risk reduction (following
the Mount Kelud eruption in 2010). It has also brought assistance to villages surrounding the Borobudur
cultural world heritage site and other priority tourism destinations. A sustainable tourism strategy for the
Heritage site “Cultural Landscape of Bali Province: The Subak System and a Manifestation of the Tri Hita
Karana Philosophy” has been elaborated and now needs to be implemented. Indonesia is also one of
the pilot countries in the project “Promoting Intercultural Dialogue and a culture of Peace in Southeast
Asia through Shared Histories”, developed by UNESCO Office in Bangkok, in cooperation with UNESCO
Office Jakarta, and financed by Korean Funds in Trust. The objective of the project is to promote mutual
understanding and peace among future generations of the countries of the ASEAN.
UNESCO considers culture as an enabler and driver of sustainable development in the implementation
of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and as a vector of peace and dialogue. In this regards,
UNESCO’s proposed cooperation programme in Culture are:
• Continue to assist Indonesia in the implementation of the ratified Conventions and build capacities
when required. Indonesia could also favourably consider the ratification of the UNESCO Conventions
to safeguard and promote its rich heritage, namely: the 1954 Convention for the Protection of Cultural
Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and its protocols; the Convention on the Means of Prohibiting
19and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property (1970) and the
Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (2001).
• Protection and promotion of the Indonesian sites inscribed on the World Heritage list. UNESCO, as
long as funds allow, will continue the conservation activities of the Borobudur Temple Compounds
financed by the Germans funds in Trust, as well as of Sangiran Early Man Site.
• Indonesia will continue to be involved as one of the participating countries of the UNESCO project
“Capacity Building for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) of Heritage Cities in Southeast Asia (SEA)
and Small Island Developing States (SIDS) in the Pacific” financed by Malaysian funds-in-Trust. The
fundamental objectives of the project are to build capacity of communities, heritage managers, and
government officials for DRR of heritage cities; develop DRR strategies and integrate them into the
overall heritage management plan of the participating heritage cities; Share the experience and
promote the project outcome in SEA and Pacific SIDS.
• UNESCO Office Jakarta will also continue to assist Indonesia in its proposal to create the UNESCO
“Category 2 Centre on the Human Evolution, Adaptations and Dispersals in Southeast Asia
(CHEADSEA)”, especially its submission to the Executive Board and the General conference of
UNESCO.
• UNESCO, in partnership with CITI Foundation, will continue to bring support to the development of
local communities around heritage sites that have been selected as priority tourism destinations by
the President Joko Widodo with focus on youth and women.
• Indonesia will also continue to be one of the pilot countries of the project “Promoting Intercultural
Dialogue and a culture of Peace in Southeast Asia through Shared Histories”, developed by UNESCO
Office in Bangkok, in cooperation with UNESCO Office Jakarta, and financed by the Korean Funds-
in-Trust.
• Indonesia will also be one of the participating countries in the workshop organized jointly by UNESCO,
ASEAN and the Ministry of Education and culture on underwater cultural heritage. This workshop will
contribute to the protection of this endangered heritage. This activity is in line with the vision of
Indonesia’s maritime development of the Medium Term National Development Plan 2015-2019.
SDG 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere,
SDG 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable,
SDG 11.3: By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and
management in all countries,
SDG 11.4: Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage) and
SDG 12.b: Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture
20 and products• Implementation of the sustainable tourism strategy published for the World
Heritage site: “Cultural Landscape of Bali Province: The Subak System ad a
Manifestation of the Tri Hita Karana Philosophy”, within the framework of the
project “The Power of Culture: Supporting Community-Based Management and
Sustainable Tourism at World Heritage Sites in Malaysia and Southeast Asia”
financed by Malaysian-funds-in-Trust.
• Conscious of the danger of extremism for heritage and security in the sub-region,
UNESCO proposes to promote mutual understanding in schools through culture.
Children of Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Timor-
Leste, will be introduced to the cultural heritage of the region and the importance to transmit it to
future generations, using the World Heritage, Intangible Cultural heritage, museums, creativity, illicit
trafficking, emphasizing the commonalities.
• In order to better protect heritage of the countries of the sub-region, UNESCO also proposes to launch
an awareness campaign on the fight against illicit trafficking, including social media, publications and
meetings. This activity would focus on youth and women.
COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION
There is no specific mention for focus on communication and information sector in the UNPDF 2016-2020
document, however the RPJMN 2015-2019 (National Medium Term Development Plan) list the action
program to ‘build openness in information and public communication’ under the political sovereignty
pillar. One of the national priority agendas of Indonesia is to build good governance that is clean,
effective, democratic and reliable. This has correlation with UNESCO’s Medium-Term Strategy for 2014-
2021 (document 37 C/4) Strategic Objective number 9 (SO 9), Promoting freedom of expression, media
development and access to information and knowledge, whereby creation of knowledge-based societies
is linked to enhanced democratic governance. Strong efforts are needed to promote media development
across all platforms, which includes support for media institutions and capacity-building for those
producing journalism.
UNESCO Office in Jakarta will continue to build on the good relations with the Ministry of Communication
and Information Technology, the Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs and the Indonesian Press
Council to further agendas on press freedom, access to information and empowering youth with ICT
skills.
The Global Media Forum: The Role of Media in Realizing the Future We Want For All, held in Bali, Indonesia
in 2014, brought together more than 200 participants, including journalists, government officials, scholars
and other stakeholders from more than 30 countries to discuss the role that media could or should play
in the new development framework. The success of the GMF paved the way for the hosting of the Jakarta
World Forum for Media Development in September 2016 and the World Press Freedom Day on 1 – 4 May
2017. Through these events, UNESCO demonstrated strong partnership with its local partners, namely
the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, the Indonesian National Commission for
UNESCO and the Indonesian Press Council, in
advancing the issue of press freedom.
UNESCO partnered with the Coordinating Ministry
for Economic Affairs and Code4Nation to carry out
the training for young women in Sumbawa, West
Nusa Tenggara to train young women to develop
mobile applications that would be useful to the
region, particularly for the agricultural and small
and medium enterprises sectors.
21PART 3
MONITORING AND
EVALUATION
Programmes and projects implemented under UNESCO Office Jakarta will be monitored and evaluated
in line with the expected results (ER) outlined in the UNESCO 39/ C5 Programme and Budget for 2018-
2021. Project implementation will be monitored in several ways and will be designed to capture the full
range of activities and outputs as well as overall impact. Beneficiaries and stakeholders will be included in
the Monitoring and Evaluation process throughout. Each activity will be assessed against a performance
indicator and a means of verification will be adopted to provide evidence. A systematic Monitoring and
Evaluation mechanism will be established to ensure that activities are efficiently implemented to achieve
the desired outputs. UNESCO will develop measurable indicators to guide the progression of the project,
to measure the progression against benchmarks, and to evaluate project relevance and effectiveness
against the specific objectives and overall project goal. A mid-term review and a final evaluation will be
conducted by a team of experts in consultation with participating beneficiaries. This will be coordinated
by UNESCO.
In addition, progress towards the UNPDF outcomes will be monitored annually and evaluated in the
penultimate year of the five-year period, with the ultimate goal of assessing the effectiveness and efficiently
of the United Nations in supporting Indonesia to achieve its planned development results as articulated
in the RPJMN 2015 -2019.
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