Uganda Country Intelligence Risk Report - ASU Study Abroad
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
Intelligence and Analysis Services
Country Intelligence Risk Report
Uganda
Overall Risk Rating: Moderate | 3.25
Drum Cussac Group Limited Last Updated: 29 Jan 2021, 18:19 (UTC)Intelligence and Analysis Services
Contents
Country Risk Rating Breakdown ................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
Country Overview ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Security
Overview ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Conflict .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Terrorism ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Criminality ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
Unrest ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Political
Overview ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Government Stability ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 6
Corruption ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6
Rule of Law ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Sanctions .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6
Infrastructural
Overview ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Aviation ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Overland ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Utilities .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Cyber .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Environmental
Overview ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Seismic ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Storm Systems ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Climatic ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Manmade .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Medical
Overview ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Disease ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Facilities .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Pharmaceuticals ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Water .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Threat Scale Reference ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Drum Cussac Group Limited 2 Last Updated: 29 Jan 2021, 18:19 (UTC)Intelligence and Analysis Services
Country Risk Rating Breakdown
Country Overall Risk Rating Moderate | 3.25
Security Risk Rating Moderate | 3.25
Conflict Criminality Terrorism Unrest
Moderate | 3.00 Moderate | 3.00 Moderate | 3.00 Moderate - High | 3.50
Environmental Risk Rating Moderate | 3.25
Seismic Storm Systems Climatic Manmade
Moderate | 3.00 Moderate | 3.25 Moderate | 3.25 Moderate | 3.25
Infrastructural Risk Rating Moderate - High | 3.75
Aviation Overland Utilities Cyber
Low | 2.25 High | 4.25 Moderate - High | 3.75 Low | 2.25
Political Risk Rating Moderate - High | 3.50
Government Stability Corruption Rule of Law Sanctions
Moderate - High | 3.50 High - Extreme | 4.50 High | 4.25 Low | 2.00
Medical Risk Rating Moderate - High | 3.75
Disease Facilities Pharmaceuticals Water
Moderate - High | 3.50 Moderate - High | 3.75 High | 4.00 High | 4.00
Drum Cussac Group Limited 3 Last Updated: 29 Jan 2021, 18:19 (UTC)Intelligence and Analysis Services Country Overview Moderate | 3.25 The Republic of Uganda is a developing, landlocked country in central East Africa. The country is relatively stable with the political landscape having been dominated by President Yoweri Museveni and his National Resistance Movement (NRM) since 1986. Uganda has made significant strides over the past two decades to become one of the best performing economies in the region, though it remains poor by global standards. The country possesses substantial natural resources such as deposits of copper and cobalt, although systemic corruption has undermined foreign investment. Dissatisfaction with Museveni's rule has generated deadly episodes of unrest. Tribal and ethnic tensions also remain a salient trigger for violence, although urban areas are rarely affected. Primary threats to foreign travelers come from petty criminal activity, health hazards and road traffic collisions. The western border remains subject to insurgent activity operating in DRC while northern border areas continue to be affected by a prevailing deteriorating environment and the presence of armed groups in neighboring South Sudan. Despite recent investment, infrastructure remains relatively underdeveloped throughout most of the country. Security Moderate | 3.25 Overview Uganda's western, northwestern and northeastern border areas are prone to insecurity linked to rebel groups operating in neighbouring countries, armed banditry and inter-communal tensions. There is also a latent terrorist threat in Uganda, although there have been no significant attacks in recent years. Opportunistic, typically non-violent, crime is the main threat to foreign travellers but armed banditry is an issue in remote areas along the borders with the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), South Sudan and Kenya. Unrest, typically driven by socio-economic and political issues, occurs with some frequency in the country's main urban centres and is often met with an aggressive response from security forces, with levels of violence typically peaking during electoral periods. Conflict Moderate | 3.00 Despite a historic threat to stability stemming from rebel groups in areas bordering the DRC and South Sudan, the ability of these groups to undermine the Ugandan government has declined considerably in recent years. However, there remains a significant threat of spillover from the civil war in South Sudan. Rebel groups have periodically been accused of recruiting from refugee camps in the country as well as among the local population in northern border areas. Intermittent raids attributed to both South Sudanese rebels and government forces have also been reported, mostly targeting remote border communities and security forces patrols. Such incidents have declined since the signing of a revitalised South Sudan peace agreement in 2018 but tensions remain high in some border areas and within refugee camps. Sporadic incidents involving rebel groups based in the DRC have also continued to occur but are typically limited to remote border areas. Once the most potent threat to the country's stability, the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) has largely been ousted from Ugandan territory since 2012, with the bulk of the remaining fighters having fled to South Sudan, the DRC and the Central African Republic (CAR). In the past, pastoralists in the eastern Karamoja region have resisted the central government's attempts to assert control over their territory. While the situation has improved somewhat in recent years, with the military increasingly able to secure main roads, sporadic violence continues to be reported. Inter-communal violence, as well as targeted attacks against security forces and installations, are also intermittently reported in the western Ruwenzori Mountains. Such incidents are generally not directed against foreign travellers, although they do pose an indiscriminate risk to anyone in affected areas. Drum Cussac Group Limited 4 Last Updated: 29 Jan 2021, 18:19 (UTC)
Intelligence and Analysis Services
Terrorism Moderate | 3.00
The terrorist threat remains low in Uganda. The risk cannot, however, be ruled out due to a deteriorated security environment in the region. Two
main groups represent a threat to the country:
Somalia-based al-Shabaab group and its sympathizers. Al-Shabaab has repeatedly threatened to launch attacks in Uganda in retaliation for
the country's involvement in the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM). While al-Shabaab has not carried out a successful attack in
Uganda since July 2010, the group has demonstrated its ability to launch operations in neighboring countries. Uganda's security forces have
reportedly foiled several plots involving al-Shabaab.
The Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), which is historically based in Uganda. The group has pledged allegiance to the Islamic State and is
mainly operating in neighboring DRC. The group is regularly accused of civilian killings in DRC although Uganda has remained unaffected in
previous years.
While the Ugandan security apparatus has made some progress in enhancing its anti-terrorism capabilities in recent years, the country's agencies
continue to be hampered by limited resources and a lack of professionalism. A spate of targeted attacks against Muslim clerics in Uganda since
2012 has also sparked concerns of radicalization among fringe elements in the community.
Criminality Moderate | 3.00
levels of criminal activity in Uganda are generally considered to be lower than in some other countries in the region, primarily due to an increased
police presence in Kampala and other urban centres. However, crime has been increasing in the capital and some other cities in recent years.
The primary threats to foreign travellers come from petty and opportunistic theft, including pickpocketing, bag-snatching, the theft of unattended
items, and financial fraud cases involving wire transfers, credit cards and personal cheques. Commuters on public transportation are particularly
susceptible to robbery and unoccupied hotel rooms and parked vehicles have also been targeted.
Levels of violent crime are significantly lower but there are occasional reports of foreign nationals being attacked, often after offering resistance to
criminals. Entebbe, in particular, has experienced a spate of assaults and robberies targeting foreign travellers in recent years. Banditry is also a
concern in rural areas along the borders with the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Kenya and South Sudan and violent incidents are more
common in these regions, although foreign travellers have generally not been specifically targeted. There is little anti-foreigner sentiment in
Uganda and victims of crime are generally targeted based on opportunity and perceptions of relative affluence, although discrimination against
the LGBT community has occasionally resulted in travellers being harassed or assaulted.
Unrest Moderate - High | 3.50
Civil unrest and politically motivated demonstrations occur frequently in the country. Electoral periods in particular have been marred by clashes
that at times turn deadly. Protests against the leading NRM party and its policies are regularly reported. This has especially been the case since
2017, when President Yoweri Museveni pushed through controversial constitutional reforms to remove the presidential age limit in order to be
eligible to run in 2021. These episodes of unrest are often characterized by clashes between rival supporters and targeted attacks against
politicians and their entourages as well as associated gatherings. There are reports of government-affiliated paramilitaries groups being used
extensively to intimidate opponents. Security forces have often resorted to militaristic methods, including the use of live ammunition, that can
exacerbate tensions. Before the 2021 general elections, the arrest of opposition candidate Robert Kyagulanyi, also known as Bobi Wine, sparked
deadly clashes between his supporters and security forces in November 2020; at least 40 people were killed over a two-day period. While political
demonstrations carry the highest risk of violent unrest in Uganda, socio-economic issues have also led to volatile protests.
Drum Cussac Group Limited 5 Last Updated: 29 Jan 2021, 18:19 (UTC)Intelligence and Analysis Services Political Moderate - High | 3.50 Overview Uganda's political sphere continues to be dominated by President Yoweri Museveni and his National Resistance Movement (NRM), with a divided opposition struggling to effectively challenge the ruling party due to infighting and government hurdles. In December 2017, Museveni pushed through constitutional reforms to remove the presidential age limit in a move widely seen as paving the way for him to stand for a sixth term in office during elections in 2021. Corruption is a major issue in the country, affecting the government, bureaucracy and security apparatus. Rule of law is generally weak, hindered by a culture of impunity stemming from the selective implementation of laws. Government Stability Moderate - High | 3.50 Uganda's political sphere has been dominated since the 1980s by President Yoweri Museveni of the ruling National Resistance Movement (NRM). The ruling party has dominated presidential and legislative polls, winning all elections since a ban on political parties was lifted in 2005. The NRM has, however, continued to hinder the activities of the political opposition, harassing and detaining members and leaders, using government-linked paramilitaries to intimidate opponents, restricting candidate selection and limiting access to state resources. The NRM has seen its popularity eroded during the 2016 presidential election, with Museveni winning just over 60 percent of the vote, despite international observers judging the poll as neither free nor fair. The results point toward growing dissatisfaction with Museveni's 30-year rule, exacerbated by growing infighting within the ruling party. In December 2017, Museveni pushed through controversial constitutional reforms to remove the presidential age limit in a move widely seen as paving the way for him to stand for a sixth term in office during elections in 2021. Following the January 2021 general elections, Museveni was reelected president, gathering nearly 59 percent of votes. The electoral campaign was marred by deadly clashes and constant government's harassment against opposition candidates while the main contender,Robert Kyagulanyi also known as Bobi Wine rejected the results. Corruption High - Extreme | 4.50 Corruption is considered widespread in Uganda, affecting all levels of government, the security apparatus and bureaucracy. Corruption allegations have frequently been levelled against top government officials but, despite significant media coverage, few have ever been charged. According to a coalition of civil society organisations, Uganda lost UGX 24 trillion between 2000 and 2014 due to corruption. Despite government pledges to tackle the issue and the existence of agencies and legislation to combat corruption, only limited progress has been made, with critics accusing authorities of selectively enforcing and implementing laws. The police force is widely perceived as Uganda's most corrupt agency, with officers frequently accused of soliciting bribes. The private sector has also been affected by corruption and nepotism, with bribes and "gifts" often requested during bidding processes and for the allocation of government contracts. In 2019, Transparency International ranked Uganda 149th out of 180 countries surveyed worldwide in its Corruption Perception Index (CPI), with a rating of 26 out of 100, where 1 equals the most corrupt and 100 equals the least corrupt. Rule of Law High | 4.25 A culture of impunity permeates Uganda's political and economic elite, with authorities frequently accused of selectively implementing and enforcing anti-corruption legislation and other laws. The judiciary is considered to be among the most corrupt state institutions with interference from politicians, particularly the executive, as well as the military being common. The judiciary is generally considered underfunded and poorly managed, further impeding rule of law. Allegations of human rights violations by the security forces are relatively common, particularly in regard to communal violence, but few are properly investigated. Attitudes towards same-sex relationships in Uganda remain extremely conservative and homosexuality is illegal in the country. Violent abuse and harassment based on sexual orientation is common and LGBT rights activists have often faced prosecution and harassment by security forces. Sanctions Low | 2.00 Uganda was subject to targeted sanctions by the United States in 2014 in response to a strict anti-homosexuality law, which has since been struck down by Uganda's supreme court. Drum Cussac Group Limited 6 Last Updated: 29 Jan 2021, 18:19 (UTC)
Intelligence and Analysis Services Infrastructural Moderate - High | 3.75 Overview Uganda has one of the highest rates of road traffic fatalities in the world and the country’s road network is generally poorly maintained, marked and lit. However, there are no major concerns associated with air travel in Uganda and the country’s main airports are in compliance with ICAO regulatory standards. Uganda has a relatively low electrification rate, with reliable access largely limited to the capital and other large urban centres. Despite tentative improvements, internet penetration rates also remain low with connections concentrated in urban centres. Aviation Low | 2.25 The US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has assessed Uganda's Civil Aviation Authority as being in compliance with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) regulatory standards. The country's main international hub is Entebbe International Airport (EBB), approximately 30km (20 miles) southwest of Kampala. Security measures and infrastructure at Entebbe airport are generally considered to be adequate for international travellers. The airport has regularly scheduled flights to regional and international destinations operated by a number of reputable carriers including Singapore Airlines, British Airways, Etihad Airways, Qatar Airways, KLM, Ethiopian Airlines, Emirates and Kenya Airways. Most internal flights are operated by domestic carriers including the country's largest airline, Eagle Air, which is generally safe for use. Domestic air travel is recommended for visits to certain remote tourist destinations such as national parks in eastern and northeastern areas of the country. Overland High | 4.25 Uganda has one of the highest rates of road traffic fatalities in the world and the country's road network is generally poorly maintained, marked and lit. Travel between towns and cities is often only practical along a single route, with few suitable alternatives, and any disruption caused by flooding, landslides or major vehicular accidents can cripple overland movements for several hours or days. Road travel outside Kampala is considered hazardous due to broken-down vehicles left in the road, pedestrians in the road, high levels of drink driving, stray livestock and poorly maintained road surfaces. Street lighting is generally inadequate in large towns and cities and all but non-existent in rural areas. According to the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) 2015 report on global road safety, Uganda had an estimated road traffic fatality rate of 27.4 deaths on the road per 100,000 people. Police and emergency response capabilities for vehicular accidents are limited, particularly in rural areas. Some roads, especially those outside of the capital, may become impassable during the rainy seasons while others are subject to intermittent flooding. Travel to northern and western border areas is generally considered unsafe due to the heavy military presence and threat of communal violence and banditry. Some destinations such as remote national parks are only safely accessible by private or chartered aircraft. Overland routes to neighbouring countries are generally in very poor condition. Utilities Moderate - High | 3.75 Uganda has a relatively low electrification rate, estimated at around 22 percent of the population. However, there is a significant divide between urban and rural areas in terms of electricity provision. An estimated 52 percent of urban households have access to electricity, while only around 12 percent of rural residents are connected to the national grid. The country relies heavily on large-scale hydropower plants for its domestic electricity generation, leaving the power network highly vulnerable to droughts and major rainfall fluctuations affecting Lake Victoria or the Nile River. The government has partially liberalised the energy sector, and encouraged investment in bolstering capabilities and expanding the national grid. However, the sparse population and difficult terrain have reduced the willingness of the government and foreign operators to invest in connecting many rural areas to the grid. While significant progress will likely only be felt in the medium-to-long term, load shedding and outages have reportedly decreased in recent years due to increased energy production. Internet penetration is relatively low in Uganda, with around 31 percent of the population having access. However, the Uganda Communications Commission (UCC) has made a higher estimation of the internet penetration rate, combining landline and mobile data networks, of around 40 percent. Mobile data services are believed to be the main driver of user growth, with data network coverage expanding significantly in recent years. However, reliable connections remain limited to urban centres and internet speeds are generally slow. Authorities have been known to restrict access to social media websites as well as encrypted instant messaging services during electoral periods and are likely to implement similar measures if faced with widespread unrest. Drum Cussac Group Limited 7 Last Updated: 29 Jan 2021, 18:19 (UTC)
Intelligence and Analysis Services Cyber Low | 2.25 Cybercrime is a growing issue in Uganda, with scams costing an estimated USD 5 million annually. However, Uganda's relatively low internet penetration rate has limited the impact such cybercrime. Most reported incidents have involved computer and credit card fraud, although identity theft has also been identified as a growing threat. Skimming from Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) is reportedly widespread. Uganda is also believed to be among the most targeted African nations in ransomware attacks. Drum Cussac Group Limited 8 Last Updated: 29 Jan 2021, 18:19 (UTC)
Intelligence and Analysis Services Environmental Moderate | 3.25 Overview Uganda is located in a seismically-active region, with several low-to-moderate tremors reported annually, although western and northern areas are also vulnerable to more powerful earthquakes. Flooding is common during the March-May and October-November rainy seasons and following other periods of significant rainfall, particularly in central and eastern regions. Droughts present a significant concern in Uganda, negatively impacting food security and exacerbating soil degradation and the country’s vulnerability to flooding during the rainy season. Landmines and unexploded ordnance also pose an environmental hazard in some areas, particularly in the northern border region. Seismic Moderate | 3.00 Uganda is located in a seismically-active region, with several low-to-moderate tremors being reported annually, particularly in western regions near the Western Rift. More powerful earthquakes with the potential to cause significant damage around epicentres have also occasionally been reported in western and northern regions. Despite recent improvements, construction standards in Uganda remain low and many structures are not constructed to withstand powerful earthquakes. Emergency response capabilities are also limited and may be overwhelmed in the event of an unusually powerful earthquake. Storm Systems Moderate | 3.25 Flash floods are relatively common in many areas during the rainy seasons from March to May and October to November. Uganda's central and eastern regions are generally more vulnerable to flooding triggered by periods of sustained heavy rainfall. Landslides are also a frequent occurrence during the rainy season and in the aftermath of intense downpours, particularly in eastern areas near the Kenyan border and the western Rwenzururu region. Such flooding and landslides can block roads and adversely affect overland travel as well as sweep away light or unstable structures, particularly in rural areas. Parts of Uganda also experience frequent hail storms bringing a risk of localised disruption. Climatic Moderate | 3.25 Uganda has a tropical climate with an average temperature of around 26 C (80 F) and two distinct rainy seasons between March and May and October and November. Droughts are common and present a significant concern in Uganda, negatively impacting food security and exacerbating soil degradation and the country’s vulnerability to flooding during the rainy season. Approximately 12 percent of the population are vulnerable to droughts, particularly in northeastern communities. Periods of drought are often followed by excessive rainfall and associated flooding, with dried soil largely unable to absorb significant ground water. Manmade Moderate | 3.25 Although Uganda declared itself landmine free in 2012, unexploded ordnance and landmines continue to occasionally be recovered in some areas. The majority of remaining landmines are scattered in northern, western and eastern parts of the country following decades of conflict with rebel groups including the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA). Landmines generally pose a higher threat in rural fields and on minor roads in border regions. Items of unexploded ordnance, left over from the country's Bush War fought from 1981 to 1986 as well as other periods of violence, are also occasionally found in other areas, including Kampala. Soil degradation linked to deforestation, overgrazing and draining of wetlands has increased the country's vulnerability to flooding and landslides as well as exacerbated food insecurity due to its negative impact on land fertility. Southeastern regions of Uganda, in particular, have experienced significant environmental degradation. Drum Cussac Group Limited 9 Last Updated: 29 Jan 2021, 18:19 (UTC)
Intelligence and Analysis Services Medical Moderate - High | 3.75 Overview Travellers’ diarrhoea is the most commonly reported ailment for foreign visitors in Uganda, although malaria is a more significant health risk in many areas of the country. The quality of medical care in the country is generally poor, with only a handful of hospitals in Kampala providing adequate services. Pharmaceutical shortages are also common across the country, although less acute at private facilities in the capital. Tap water is not considered fit for consumption. Disease Moderate - High | 3.50 Travellers' diarrhoea is the most commonly reported travel-related ailment in Uganda. However, malaria, including Chloroquine-resistant strains, is present throughout the country and presents a more significant risk to travellers. Malaria prophylaxis is, therefore, recommended for all travellers. Other common insect- or water-borne diseases and infections include lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis), onchocerciasis, Rift Valley fever and West Nile fever. The risk from these infections and diseases can generally be mitigated through the avoidance of contaminated food and water sources and protecting exposed skin. African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) was reported in Queen Elizabeth National Park and the Dokolo District in 2009, resulting in 120 cases and 18 deaths. Cases have increased in recent years due to the influx of refugees from South Sudan and large-scale movement of cattle. Occasional Marburg haemorrhagic fever outbreaks have been reported in several areas of the country including Maramagambo Forest and the Kween district in recent years, including one in October 2017, but these have generally been well contained. Other notable outbreaks include cholera in the Tororo District (May 2010) and hepatitis E in the Moroto District (February 2010). Around 1,400,000 adults, approximately 7 percent of the population, are reported to be living with HIV in Uganda. Facilities Moderate - High | 3.75 The quality of medical care in the country is generally poor, with only a handful of hospitals in Kampala providing adequate services. However, even in the capital medical facilities are prone to shortages of basic equipment and supplies that can hamper their ability to handle more complicated emergency cases and surgeries. The main government facilities include the International Hospital in the Namuwongo, the surgery in Naguru, and Nakasero Hospital in Nakasero. More complex medical cases or severe injuries may require the patient to be medically evacuated to a country with more advanced medical facilities. Pharmaceuticals High | 4.00 Pharmaceutical shortages are common in Uganda, including in the capital. Public sector facilities often run out of prescribed medication, forcing patients to purchase such pharmaceuticals from private clinics and pharmacies. Outside of Kampala, shortages are more acute and many prescription drugs are unavailable. Counterfeit pharmaceuticals are an issue, although patients are less likely to be exposed to these at the main private facilities. Water High | 4.00 Due to poor sanitation standards, many types of food in Uganda are not considered suitable for consumption. Uncooked or unpeeled fruits and vegetables, cooked foods no longer hot or at room temperature, unpasteurised milk and food from street vendors are all considered unsanitary. Tap water is not considered safe for drinking unless boiled, filtered or chemically treated. Unbottled beverages and those with ice should also be avoided. Drum Cussac Group Limited 10 Last Updated: 29 Jan 2021, 18:19 (UTC)
Intelligence and Analysis Services
Threat Rating
Threat Level Implication
The operating environment is benign and there are only isolated threats to business
1 - Negligible
and/or travel.
The operating environment is generally permissive, although there are a limited
2 – Low
number of threats to business and/or travel that requires basic mitigations.
The operating environment is challenging and there are serious threats to business
3 – Moderate
and/or travel that requires some mitigations.
The operating environment is hostile and there are significant threats to business,
4 – High
personal safety and/or travel, requiring comprehensive mitigations and planning.
The operating environment is characterised by pervasive direct threats to business,
5 – Extreme
personal safety and/or travel, requiring strict risk management procedures.
Drum Cussac Group Limited 11 Last Updated: 29 Jan 2021, 18:19 (UTC)Intelligence and Analysis Services
Disclaimer
Drum Cussac Group Ltd makes no representation, warranties or assurance against risk with respect to the contents or use of this document, and
specifically disclaims any express or implied warranties or usefulness for any particular purpose of this publication. Recommendations made are based on
information available at the time of writing. No express or implied warranty is given in respect of any judgment made or to changes, or any unforeseen
escalation of any factors affecting any such judgment.
Copyright
Copyright 2016 Drum Cussac Group Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the express prior consent of Drum
Cussac Group Ltd.
Drum Cussac is a global consultancy delivering intelligence-led, technology-enabled risk, security and crisis management solutions to leading
international organisations. Our specialist operations teams are recognised experts in providing a highly responsive and proactive resource in
challenging and demanding situations.
Drum Cussac Group Ltd info@drum-cussac.com
+44 (0) 1202 802 060 drum-cussac.com
+44 (0) 1202 937 707 (24hr) @DrumCussac
LinkedIn.com/company/drum-cussac
Global Presence Europe | North America | Latin America | Africa | Middle East | Asia and Pacific
Drum Cussac Group Limited 12 Last Updated: 29 Jan 2021, 18:19 (UTC)You can also read
