TRUST IN PROFESSIONS 2016 - A GFK VEREIN STUDY - GFK VEREIN FROM FIREFIGHTERS TO POLITICIANS
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GfK Verein Trust in Professions 2016 – a GfK Verein study From firefighters to politicians
2
Copyright GfK Verein
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, or transmitted
in any form without the prior (written) permission of the copyright holders.
Responsible: Ronald Frank
GfK Verein
Gesellschaft für Konsum-, Markt- und Absatzforschung e.V.
Nordwestring 101, 90419 Nuremberg
Tel.: +49 911 395-2231 and -2368 – Fax: +49 911 395-2715
© GfK Verein 2016
Email: hello@gfk-verein.org
Internet: http://www.gfk-verein.org
3
Contents
Introduction 4 3 North and South America in detail 56
1 Global trust 5 Argentina 57
Trust in Professions 2016 2 Europe in detail 22 Brazil 59
Austria 23 Canada 61
Belgium 25 USA 63
GfK Consumer Experiences: France 27 4 Asia and the Pacific in detail 65
Germany 29 Australia 66
Birgit Müller Italy India
37 68
Katja Bärthlein
Netherlands 39 Indonesia 70
Susanne Siegert
Poland 41 Iran 72
Russia 43 Japan 74
GfK Verein: Spain 45 Philippines 76
Ronald Frank Sweden 47 South Korea 78
Switzerland 49 5 Africa in detail 80
Turkey 51 Kenya 81
© GfK Verein 2016
UK 54 Nigeria 83
South Africa 85
6 Methodology 87
Introduction
4
The 2016 edition of the Trust in Professions study especially in emergencies and other exceptional
conducted by GfK Verein covers 27 countries worldwide, due circumstances, also remains globally stable in 2016. This
to the addition of the Philippines and – in light of the lifting of group of professions comprises firefighters, paramedics,
If you can trust someone, international sanctions – Iran. Professions are of central technicians, doctors, pilots and craftsmen. Although
you don‘t need a contract.
If you can‘t trust him, a importance to the functioning of societies resting on the professions such as bank assistants, retailers or sellers,
contract is useless (J.P. division of labour. Outside their private sphere of life, citizens judges and policemen are mid-table in the rankings, they
Getty) and consumers primarily come into contact with represen- appear to cause some contention in terms of trust, as their
tatives of professional groups. Reciprocal trust is important to ratings vary greatly from between 20% to more than 80%.
these relationships. This global study encompasses the This also applies to mayors, who with a global average of
empirically researched trust placed in over 30 professions 50% occupy the penultimate position in the ranking. The
with which people directly or indirectly (in other words, via the extremely low level of trust placed in politicians, the very
media) come into contact in their daily lives. The level of trust professionals whose role entrusts them with the fate of a
awarded by the respondents is, of course, partly influenced by country, continues to appear problematic. This group is,
the amount and tone of media coverage given to the various however, enjoying an improved level of trust in India – and in
professions. One example is the discussion surrounding the Italy. In fact, there is a clear increase in the overall amount of
trustworthiness of pilots after the plane crash of spring 2015. trust in Italy. Turkey, in contrast, is currently witnessing the
In the six months following the event, however, the trust largest drop in overall trust.
© GfK Verein 2016
bestowed upon pilots in Germany only fell slightly.
The Trust in Professions study is conducted by GfK
The confidence placed in so-called undisputed Verein every two years. The next edition will be published in
professions, which are essential for the basic functioning of 2018.
the economy and society, and which have to be relied on
Ronald Frank | GfK Verein
Table of contents
5
1 Global trust
© GfK Verein 2016
Table of contents
Complete overview /// Results (1)
6
In 2016, India (82%) and Indonesia (79%) place the percentage points.
highest amounts of trust in the professional groups. Due to
Two new countries were added to the study in 2016.
29,800 interviews were noticeable increases in trust, the two Asian countries are both
One of these is the Philippines, which with a trust rating of
carried out … seeing improved overall rankings, with India climbing from
61% is in the bottom third of the ranking. On the other hand,
second to first place in the country comparison, and Indonesia
the second country, Iran, is positioned in the upper mid-table.
moving up from fourth to second position. The rises in trust
On average, 68% of its citizens trust the professions studied.
expressed by these two populous countries at the top of the
However, the results are very polarised in Iran, as the level of
… in 27 countries ranking compensates for the decline in trust recorded in other
worldwide trust placed in 13 of the 32 professions is either the highest or
countries, resulting in the global mean remaining stable at
lowest amount expressed in all 27 countries. Meanwhile, in
70%.
second-place Indonesia, 12 professions attain the highest
South Africa occupied the pole position in 2014 but this trust ratings worldwide.
… on all continents year it has lost 7 percentage points and finds itself in third
Virtually tied at the lower end of the scale with trust
place with a trust rating of 74%. Also showing a downward
ratings of between 55% and 56% are the populations of
trend are countries such as Canada, the likewise highly
Nigeria, Japan, Argentina and Brazil, which express the least
populated USA, France and Switzerland, losing an average of
amount of trust in the professional groups. While Nigeria's
between 6 and 11 percentage points. In addition to the losses
position marks a decline in its average level of trust, the
in trust, changes in the institutes undertaking the surveys are
© GfK Verein 2016
ratings in the other three countries remain relatively constant
…representing a good also affecting this year's study. Of all the countries, Turkey is
at the tail end of the ranking. Last place, however, switches
2.4 billion people seeing the greatest drop in trust, with its average rating falling
worldwide from one South American country to another, with Brazil
by 14 percentage points. In contrast, Italy stands out
bringing up the rear in 2016.
positively with a larger growth in trust averaging seven
Table of contents
Complete overview /// Results (2)
7
In addition to presenting the average level of trust in all again bring up the rear, occupying last place in 22 countries.
professions per country, this study reveals the average rating Politicians are rated most positively in Indonesia and India,
Trust was ascertained for across all the countries for each of the professions studied. As where they are trusted by around one in two citizens. On the
32 professional groups
with the values for all professions, these figures are calculated other hand, with a trust value of 6%, politicians have virtually
by weighting each country's results in accordance with the no public support in Spain, France and Brazil. Politicians are
respective number of inhabitants. only slightly better rated in the five countries where a different
Including public sector profession is ranked last, as here they hold the second- or
With a trust rating of 90%, firefighters once again hold
professionals, such as third-to-last position instead. A wide variety of professions are
the global pole position, unchanged from 2014. In 16
civil servants, mayors, viewed the least favourably in these five countries, from
policemen, judges and countries, they are also awarded the accolade of being the
advertising specialists in Russia and retailers in Sweden to
soldiers most trustworthy professional group. With the exceptions of
policemen in Nigeria, priests in Indonesia and cab drivers in
Kenya (66%) and Nigeria (55%), at least 80% of citizens in
South Africa.
Medical professionals, each country place their trust in this profession, while in many
such as nurses, doctors, countries the figure even exceeds 90%. Paramedics, teachers It can therefore be seen that individual professions are
pharmacists and
and farmers each occupy the top spot in three countries. viewed very differently from country to country. The trust
paramedics
Nurses, who on average hold second position, only succeed placed in mayors varies the most widely. At 50%, they occupy
in gaining first place in one country, namely South Korea. the second-to-last position in the global ranking but their trust
Doctors are at the head of the ranking in two countries. In rating ranges from 10% in Brazil to 86% in Indonesia. In
© GfK Verein 2016
And many other
professional groups which Iran, however, they share this top position, equal on points contrast, trust in architects, who receive an average value of
make a key contribution to
with firefighters. 76%, is relatively consistent worldwide, spanning 63% in Iran
the functioning of our
society at its lowest to 89% in Indonesia at its highest.
With an average trust rating of 30%, politicians once
Table of contents
Complete overview /// Average level of trust in each country
(Average of "I completely/generally trust" across all professional groups, in %) 8
82 78 79 75 81
74 77 73
71 72 70 71 69 67 69 67 69 70 68 67 65 67 66 66 65 65
60
-
Ø
India Indonesia South Africa Belgium all countries* Sweden Austria Netherlands Iran UK Italy Canada Australia USA
71 68 72
65 64 65 65 65 64 64 63 63 63 63 61 62
60 59 59 59 56 56 57 56 55 55 56
© GfK Verein 2016
-
Germany Switzerland Poland Kenya Russia Spain Philippines France South Korea Turkey Nigeria Japan Argentina Brazil
Base 2016: 29,777 respondents, *Restricted comparability due to additional countries (Iran and Philippines) 2016 2014
Table of contents
Complete overview /// Professional groups with the highest trust rating per country
9
UK BELGIUM NETHERLANDS SWEDEN POLAND
Paramedics 96% Firefighters 98% Firefighters 96% Firefighters 98% Firefighters 90% RUSSIA
Firefighters 89%
FRANCE
Firefighters 99% AUSTRIA
Firefighters 97%
CANADA
Firefighters 95% SOUTH KOREA
SPAIN
Nurses 85%
Firefighters 97%
USA TURKEY
Firefighters 93% Teachers 86% JAPAN
Paramedics 89%
SWITZERLAND
Paramedics 97% GERMANY
INDIA
Firefighters 96%
Teachers 96%
IRAN
BRAZIL Firefighters/
Firefighters 93% doctors 100%
PHILIPPINES
Farmers 95%
© GfK Verein 2016
KENYA
NIGERIA Farmers 90%
ARGENTINA
Farmers 85% INDONESIA
Firefighters 94% ITALY
Firefighters 95% SOUTH AFRICA AUSTRALIA Teachers 98%
Base: 29,777 respondents Doctors 96% Firefighters 95%
Table of contents
Complete overview /// Professional groups with the lowest trust rating per country
10
UK BELGIUM NETHERLANDS SWEDEN POLAND
Politicians 20% Politicians 23% Politicians 31% Retailers 17% Politicians 20% RUSSIA
Advertising
specialists 32%
FRANCE
Politicians 6% AUSTRIA
Politicians 17%
CANADA
Politicians 14% SOUTH KOREA
SPAIN Politicians 16%
Politicians 6%
USA TURKEY
Politicians 12% Politicians 20% JAPAN
Politicians 12%
SWITZERLAND
Politicians 19% GERMANY
INDIA
Politicians 14%
Politicians 48%
BRAZIL IRAN
Politicians 6% Politicians 22% PHILIPPINES
Politicians 17%
© GfK Verein 2016
KENYA
NIGERIA Politicians 23%
ARGENTINA
Policemen 17% INDONESIA
Politicians 10% ITALY
Politicians 15% SOUTH AFRICA AUSTRALIA Priests 46%
Base: 29,777 respondents Cab drivers 29% Politicians 15%
Table of contentsComplete overview /// Trust in professional groups
(Average of "I completely/generally trust" across all countries, in %) 11
Change vs 2014 Change vs 2014
in percentage points* in percentage points*
Firefighters 90 0 Retailers, sellers 67 0
Nurses 89 -1 Civil servants 66 -1
Teachers 89 1 Cab drivers 66 3
Doctors, physicians 88 -1 Professional athletes, footballers 65 3
Pharmacists 86 -1 Journalists 63 -1
Farmers 86 0 Businessmen, entrepreneurs 63 2
Paramedics 85 1 Policemen 63 4
Pilots 85 1 Market or opinion researchers 62 -2
Engineers, technicians 84 1 TV hosts, TV presenters 62 -4
Soldiers 82 -2 Pastors, priests 61 -3
Craftsmen 79 2 Actors 59 -3
Train, bus, underground or tram drivers 77 1 Lawyers 58 -3
Architects 76 -1 Advertising specialists 54 -2
© GfK Verein 2016
Computer or software specialists 75 0 Insurance agents 51 3
Judges 70 -1 Mayors 50 -3
Bankers, bank assistants 67 -2 Politicians 30 -1
Base 2016: 29,777 respondents *Restricted comparability due to additional countries (Iran and Philippines)
Table of contentsComplete overview /// Trust in the professional groups:
range and average (1)
("I completely/generally trust", minimum, maximum and average, in %) 12
Range Mean across all countries
Firefighters 90 Engineers, technicians 84
Nigeria Iran Brazil Iran
Nurses 89 Soldiers 82
Iran Indonesia Kenya India
Teachers 89 Craftsmen 79
Japan Indonesia Nigeria Indonesia
Train, bus, underground
Doctors, physicians 88 77
Brazil Iran
or tram drivers Nigeria Iran
Pharmacists 86 Architects 76
Nigeria UK Iran Indonesia
Farmers 86 Computer or software specialists 75
Brazil Indonesia Japan Indonesia
© GfK Verein 2016
Paramedics 85 Judges 70
Nigeria Sweden Argentina India
Pilots 85 Bankers, bank assistants 67
Argentina Indonesia Spain Indonesia
Base: 29,777 respondents 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
Table of contentsComplete overview /// Trust in the professional groups:
range and average (2)
("I completely/generally trust", minimum, maximum and average, in %) 13
Range Mean across all countries
Retailers, sellers 67 TV hosts, TV presenters 62
Sweden India Japan Indonesia
Civil servants 66 Pastors, priests 61
Argentina Indonesia Iran Philippines
Cab drivers 66 Actors 59
South Africa Iran Japan Iran
Professional athletes, footballers 65 Lawyers 58
France Iran Argentina Iran
Journalists 63 Advertising specialists 54
Japan India France India
Businessmen, entrepreneurs 63 Insurance agents 51
France India Germany Iran
© GfK Verein 2016
Policemen 63 Mayors 50
Nigeria Sweden Brazil Indonesia
Market or opinion researchers 62 Politicians 30
Japan Iran Spain Indonesia
Base: 29,777 respondents 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
Table of contentsAt a glance /// Doctors
("I completely/generally trust", in %) 14
100 96 95 95 97 95 93 94 90 93 93 92 90 92
86 89 88 89 88 89 89 89 88 88 89 88 89
-
Iran South Africa India Indonesia Australia Belgium UK Sweden Germany Netherlands Switzerland USA Austria France
95
88 88 88 89 86 85 89 84 86 87 89
83 82 82 79 82 80
75 79 74 74 74 70 74
64 66
© GfK Verein 2016
-
Ø
Spain all countries* Canada Japan Argentina Philippines Kenya Italy Turkey South Korea Poland Russia Nigeria Brazil
Base 2016: 29,777 respondents *Restricted comparability due to additional countries (Iran and Philippines) 2016 2014
Table of contentsAt a glance /// Bankers, bank assistants
("I completely/generally trust", in %) 15
86 85 88 82 83
74 77 77 75 72 75 79 76
67 69 67 67 67 69 63
69
63 62 61 61 60 60
-
Ø
Indonesia India Philippines South Africa Sweden Kenya all countries* Canada USA South Korea Nigeria Australia Japan Austria
66
60 56
54 55
49 50 49 49 51
43 39 43 46 42 45 39 41
40 37 41 34 33 36
27
19
14
© GfK Verein 2016
-
Belgium UK Iran Poland Switzerland Germany Brazil Russia Turkey Argentina France Italy Netherlands Spain
Base 2016: 29,777 respondents *Restricted comparability due to additional countries (Iran and Philippines) 2016 2014
Table of contentsAt a glance /// Professional athletes, footballers
("I completely/generally trust", in %) 16
84 81 81 84
76 79 78 77
72 69 72 74 71
64 67 65 63 65 61 64 63 64 66
61
56 55
- -
Ø
Iran Indonesia Kenya South Africa Philippines India Russia Argentina Poland all countries* South Korea Italy Sweden Nigeria
69 70
59 57 58 60 58 57 59 56 56 55 55
48 52 51 49 52
45 45 44 43 42 39
40 36
35
30
© GfK Verein 2016
Netherlands Spain Austria Japan Belgium Turkey Australia Canada UK Brazil USA Germany Switzerland France
Base 2016: 29,777 respondents *Restricted comparability due to additional countries (Iran and Philippines) 2016 2014
Table of contentsAt a glance /// Businessmen, entrepreneurs
("I completely/generally trust", in %) 17
87 84 83
74 78 75 75
72 70 67 63 64 62 63 61 59 62
55 58 54 54 54 51 54 50 49
39
-
Ø
India Indonesia South Africa Kenya Austria Spain all countries* Switzerland Belgium Netherlands Germany Nigeria Italy Philippines
64 66
58
49 53
48 47 48 46 47 48 46 44 44 41 41 40 40 42
39 37 40 37 33 32 32 32
© GfK Verein 2016
-
USA Poland Sweden Argentina UK Turkey Canada South Korea Australia Russia Brazil Iran Japan France
Base 2016: 29,777 respondents *Restricted comparability due to additional countries (Iran and Philippines) 2016 2014
Table of contentsAt a glance /// Policemen
("I completely/generally trust", in %) 18
86 82 84 82 83 83 82 87
82 83 82 81 80 79 77 82
77 75 77 77 76 76 79 76 74 76 70
-
Sweden Netherlands Switzerland UK Australia Germany Italy Belgium USA Spain Austria Canada France Iran
65 66 65 64 64 64 63 59 62 61
59
50
55
50 54 56 51
48 46 44
38 39
34 32
26 25
17
© GfK Verein 2016
-
Ø
Japan Poland India Indonesia all countries* Turkey Russia South Korea South Africa Brazil Philippines Argentina Kenya Nigeria
Base 2016: 29,777 respondents *Restricted comparability due to additional countries (Iran and Philippines) 2016 2014
Table of contentsAt a glance /// Market or opinion researchers
("I completely/generally trust", in %) 19
86 85
78 78 77
72 70 69 69 69
64 67 64 63
61 63 62 64 62 63 59 58 58 58 62
53
- -
Ø
Iran South Africa India Indonesia Sweden UK Italy Kenya Philippines all countries* Poland Germany Austria Belgium
67 63
57 57 58 60
55 54 53 53 51 52 51 51 53 54
50 48 48 47 46 45
40 39 37 36 33 32
© GfK Verein 2016
Spain Canada Australia Switzerland Nigeria Brazil Netherlands USA South Korea Argentina Russia Turkey France Japan
Base 2016: 29,777 respondents *Restricted comparability due to additional countries (Iran and Philippines) 2016 2014
Table of contentsAt a glance /// Politicians
("I completely/generally trust", in %) 20
51 50 48
43 43
38 34
33 30 31 29 30 31 29
23 25 23 22 23 22 20 20 16 20 17 19
16
-
Ø
Indonesia India South Africa Russia Netherlands all countries* Belgium Sweden Kenya Iran Turkey Poland UK Nigeria
19 21 21 23 23
17 17 20 16 15 12 15 14 14 14 15 15
12 14 12 13
© GfK Verein 2016
10 6 6 6 6 5
-
Switzerland Philippines Austria South Korea Italy Australia Canada Germany Japan USA Argentina Brazil France Spain
Base 2016: 29,777 respondents *Restricted comparability due to additional countries (Iran and Philippines) 2016 2014
Table of contentsLevel of trust: public professions and Corruption Perception Index 2014
Average of "I completely/generally trust" across all public professions, in %; CPI in score points; the size of the displayed points represents the population of the countries 21
The trust in public professions is greater in those Ø 66
100
countries in which a climate with little perceived
Europe
corruption predominates. Exceptions: in Japan,
people trust the public professions rather less, Switzerland North and
90 South America
Corruption Perception Index 2014
although they have a high CPI, so that only a low Netherlands
Sweden
level of corruption is perceived; the opposite is Australia Asia and the
Canada Pacific
80 reflected in Indonesia and India, where trust in public
Germany UK
professions is strong, despite a high level of Japan Africa
Austria Belgium
corruption.
70 USA
France
Spain Poland
60
South Korea
50 Turkey
Ø 48
Brazil India
South Africa
40 Italy
Philippines
Argentina
30
Nigeria Iran Indonesia
© GfK Verein 2016
Kenya
Russia
20
30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Trust in public professions
Base: 29,777 respondents; definition of public professions: civil servants, mayors, policemen, judges, soldiers
Table of contents22
2 Europe in detail
© GfK Verein 2016
Table of contentsAustria /// Findings
23
In 2016, Austrians view the majority of the professions asylum applications received by October 2015, the number of
investigated more positively than in 2014. This is reflected by refugees seeking protection has more than tripled in
the slight rise in the average trust rating to 69%, which places comparison with the previous year.
8.5 M Austria in the top third of the overall country ranking.
The professions at the lower end of the ranking, on the
Population
At 97%, firefighters receive the highest level of trust. other hand, are experiencing a decline in trust. Dropping 8
5.7 M Austrians also have very strong trust in the healthcare percentage points, pastors and priests (47%) record the
Working population professions, with paramedics and nurses tied at 95%, greatest loss in rating. One possible reason is that many
(Age 15 to 64)
followed by pharmacists and doctors at 92% and 88% Austrians are reproaching the Catholic Church, as the third-
98.0% of age 20-64 respectively. The efficient Austrian health system and its wide largest property owner in the country, for not making sufficient
secondary-educated range of services offering citizens comprehensive care is housing available to the numerous incoming refugees. The
certainly contributing to the satisfaction felt with regard to issue of refugees also played a significant role during the
4.9% Unemployment these professions. 2015 elections. The right-wing populist party FPÖ particularly
rate 2013 (ILO)
benefited from this, doubling its results in the Upper Austrian
The professions positioned mid-table in the ranking are
CPI 72 state parliament elections in comparison with 2009. This was
experiencing noticeable growth, with both TV presenters
Hardly any perceived to the detriment of the SPÖ and ÖVP, the parties ruling
corruption (62%) and professional athletes/footballers (58%) enjoying an
Austria as a coalition government. Uncertainty among the
increase of 10 percentage points. The trust expressed in
population may have also been caused by growing
© GfK Verein 2016
50,390 $ lawyers (73%) and soldiers (75%) has also risen by 8 and 9
GNI per capita unemployment. It is therefore unsurprising that politicians,
percentage points respectively. The perceived trustworthiness
with a current trust rating of 17%, once again find themselves
of the army could have been positively influenced by the
0.3% GDP growth trailing far behind in last place, their score even dropping
rate 2014 border control work soldiers are being required to perform as
slightly below that of 2014.
a result of the influx of refugees. With more than 60,000
Table of contentsAustria /// Trust in professional groups
("I completely/generally trust", in %) 24
Change vs 2014 Change vs 2014
in percentage points in percentage points
Firefighters 97 3 Computer or software specialists 71 4
Paramedics 95 2 Civil servants 69 3
Nurses 95 1 Cab drivers 69 2
Pharmacists 92 2 Businessmen, entrepreneurs 67 4
Pilots 89 2 TV hosts, TV presenters 62 10
Doctors, physicians 88 -1 Retailers, sellers 62 2
Train, bus, underground or tram drivers 88 2 Bankers, bank assistants 60 1
Engineers, technicians 85 4 Market or opinion researchers 58 5
Craftsmen 82 3 Professional athletes, footballers 58 10
Farmers 81 0 Actors 56 6
Architects 79 3 Mayors 49 -5
Judges 79 0 Pastors, priests 47 -8
Teachers 78 2 Journalists 43 0
© GfK Verein 2016
Policemen 76 -3 Insurance agents 40 -3
Soldiers 75 9 Advertising specialists 36 2
Lawyers 73 8 Politicians 17 -3
Base 2016: 1,002 respondents; please note: change in institute and methodology
Table of contentsBelgium /// Findings
25
The level of trust placed by Belgians in the professions professions to experience a noticeable rise in their ratings in
investigated in 2016 can most accurately be described as comparison with the previous survey are those in the financial
“stable”. With an average rating of 71%, the trust expressed sector. For example, insurance agents are enjoying the
11.3 M by the population in the various professions once again largest improvement in trust, which has taken their rating up 7
Population proves to be slightly above average in comparison with the percentage points to 58%. Similarly, with 60%, the trust
other countries. What’s more, there have been no changes placed in bank assistants has also grown by 4 percentage
7.3 M
Working population whatsoever in the top five – both in terms of their trust rating points.
(Age 15 to 64) and ranking. Belgians bestow particular trust on healthcare
The final three professional groups in the Belgian
professions. Firefighters, who occupy pole position with 98%,
89.4% of age 20-64 ranking are each viewed with scepticism by more than half of
secondary-educated are followed by paramedics (96%), pharmacists (96%),
the population. The predominantly Catholic country places
nurses (95%) and doctors (93%).
pastors and priests in third-to-last place with 46%. They are
8.4% Unemployment In comparison with 2014, Belgians are only more critical followed by advertising specialists (30%) and politicians
rate 2013 (ILO)
of two professions, both of which record a loss of six (23%), who have both attained rather poor ratings which mark
CPI 76 percentage points. The first of these is teachers, who a slight drop in comparison with 2014. The low level of trust
Hardly any perceived currently engender the trust of 85% of the population. This expressed in politicians could be explained by weak economic
corruption
could be attributed to the 2015 history exam for school growth and controversial government decisions. For example,
leavers being leaked before the paper was due to be sat. an increase in the state pension age and strict austerity
© GfK Verein 2016
47,030 $
GNI per capita Across the country, this resulted in the exam having to be measures prompted public protests, which culminated in most
delayed and, in some cases, even resat. Secondly, Belgians of the country once again being brought to a standstill during
1.1% GDP growth are also currently more sceptical of TV presenters, who now a general strike held at the end of 2014.
rate 2014
only meet with the trust of 70% of citizens. The only
Table of contentsBelgium /// Trust in professional groups
("I completely/generally trust“, in %) 26
Change vs 2014 Change vs 2014
in percentage points in percentage points
Firefighters 98 1 Judges 71 1
Paramedics 96 -1 TV hosts, TV presenters 70 -6
Pharmacists 96 -1 Civil servants 68 -1
Nurses 95 1 Cab drivers 68 -2
Doctors, physicians 93 0 Retailers, sellers 68 -2
Pilots 90 -2 Mayors 61 -2
Farmers 88 -1 Bankers, bank assistants 60 4
Teachers 85 -6 Lawyers 59 1
Train, bus, underground or tram drivers 84 0 Market or opinion researchers 58 -4
Engineers, technicians 83 -2 Insurance agents 58 7
Architects 83 -1 Professional athletes, footballers 56 1
Craftsmen 80 -3 Businessmen, entrepreneurs 55 -3
Policemen 79 2 Journalists 53 0
© GfK Verein 2016
Soldiers 78 -1 Pastors, priests 46 0
Computer or software specialists 75 0 Advertising specialists 30 -2
Actors 71 -2 Politicians 23 -2
Base 2016: 1,028 respondents
Table of contentsFrance /// Findings
27
At the start of 2015, a particular image of France’s transport service Uber at Paris airports in summer 2015.
capital city made headlines worldwide as international heads There are several possible reasons for the reduced amount of
of state and government as well as more than a million people trust felt for politicians, who find themselves last in the ranking
64.4 M hit the streets of Paris to demonstrate against Islamic with just 6%. One example would be the negative headlines
Population terrorism in the wake of the attacks on a Jewish supermarket made by ex-president Sarkozy, whose attempts at making a
and the headquarters of the satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo. political comeback have been marred by scandals. These
40.2 M
Working population Given the solidarity expressed for the magazine, it at first include accusations of manipulating government officials and
(Age 15 to 64) seems surprising that only 29% of French people trust using illegal funds during the 2007 and 2012 elections. With a
journalists. This marks a drop of 11 percentage points in CPI of 69 points, perceived corruption is widespread in
93.1% of age 20-64
secondary-educated comparison with 2014. However, many have accused Charlie France. Even the country’s ruling Socialists appear divided in
Hebdo of crossing a line with their caricatures of Mohammed. the eyes of the public. To compound matters, economic
10.4% In September 2015, the magazine sparked renewed criticism growth is weak and unemployment remains high.
Unemployment rate
2013 (ILO) when it published a caricature of the infamous photo of a
With 99% approval, firefighters once again find
drowned child refugee. The November 2015 terrorist attacks
themselves at number one in the rankings. They are followed
CPI 69 on restaurants and a concert hall, which killed around 130
Perceived corruption by the medical professions, whose trust ratings remain
people, took place after the survey had been conducted.
relatively stable between 88% and 96%. Pilots have dropped
The level of trust bestowed on cab drivers is also lower to seventh place, now only trusted by 84% of the population.
© GfK Verein 2016
43,080 $
GNI per capita in 2016, dropping by 19 percentage points in comparison with This could be linked to the plane crash in the French Alps in
the previous survey period. This decline may have been March 2015, which seems to have been caused deliberately
0.2% GDP growth triggered by the escalating protests of cab drivers against by the co-pilot.
rate 2014
Table of contentsFrance /// Trust in professional groups
("I completely/generally trust“, in %) 28
Change vs 2014 Change vs 2014
in percentage points in percentage points
Firefighters 99 0 Retailers, sellers 61 -2
Nurses 96 1 Mayors 57 -7
Pharmacists 92 -1 Journalists 55 -9
Paramedics 90 -5 Cab drivers 52 -19
Doctors, physicians 88 0 Lawyers 51 -11
Train, bus, underground or tram drivers 85 -2 Actors 51 -12
Pilots 84 -7 Pastors, priests 48 -9
Soldiers 83 -2 TV hosts, TV presenters 40 -11
Teachers 81 -4 Bankers, bank assistants 37 -4
Farmers 79 -10 Market or opinion researchers 36 -18
Policemen 74 -2 Businessmen, entrepreneurs 32 -21
Engineers, technicians 74 -7 Professional athletes, footballers 30 -5
Architects 70 -8 Journalists 29 -11
© GfK Verein 2016
Craftsmen 70 -8 Insurance agents 27 -4
Computer or software specialists 68 -15 Advertising specialists 15 -9
Civil servants 65 -9 Politicians 6 -8
Base 2016: 1,000 respondents;
please note: change in institute, causing higher proportion of "no response", particularly for professions with which many people have little direct contact in their everyday lives.
Table of contentsGermany /// Findings
29
With the average trust rating across all professional virtually no changes between the results collected before and
groups remaining stable at 65% and no significant changes after news of the case broke. Germans have confidence in
being recorded for the individual professions, in 2016 their country’s engineering skills, which also make a
80.7 M Germans appear to be steadfast in the trust they place in the significant contribution to Germany’s export market. Recently,
Population professions analysed. The pole position is once again however, there have been increasing reports about a future
occupied by firefighters, paramedics and nurses, who enjoy skills shortage. To counteract this, STEM initiatives have been
53.2 M
Working population trust ratings of 95% or more. In contrast, the trust bestowed set up to inspire greater interest among young people in
(Age 15 to 64) upon pilots has fallen slightly by four percentage points. At science and maths. With a trust rating of just 14%, politicians
87%, however, they still find themselves in the top third of the once again occupy last place on the scale. Although the
96.3% of age 20-64
secondary-educated ranking. Although the plane crash which was probably caused nation has not taken on any new debt for the first time since
deliberately by a German pilot in 2015, and which took the 1950 and the economy is stable, the aid given to Greece and
5.3% Unemployment lives of 149 people, has affected the country, it seems as if the refugee crisis have become topics of ongoing heated
rate 2013 (ILO) Germans regard the act as an isolated incident. The repeated debate. This climate has prompted the growth of new political
pilot strikes have also failed to noticeably lower the level of players like the Eurosceptic and right-wing populist party AfD,
CPI 79
Hardly any perceived trust expressed in this profession. The same can be said for which is calling for changes such as an end to the admission
corruption bus and train drivers, who engender the trust of 89% of of refugees. Accommodating large numbers of asylum
citizens despite prolonged rail strikes in 2015. seekers is putting a strain on local authorities, which are
© GfK Verein 2016
47,640 $
GNI per capita demanding more financial and organisational support from the
At 6 percentage points, engineers and technicians clock
German Government. In contrast, the work of politicians at a
up the largest increase in trust, taking their current rating to
1.6% GDP growth local level is more highly recognised, with the trust placed in
86%. The VW emissions scandal does not seem to have
rate 2014 mayors rising by 4 percentage points to 59%.
impaired the people’s trust in engineers because there are
Table of contentsGermany /// Trust in professional groups
("I completely/generally trust“, in %) 30
Change vs 2014 Change vs 2014
in percentage points in percentage points
Firefighters 96 -1 Soldiers 66 -1
Paramedics 96 0 Civil servants 62 1
Nurses 95 0 Pastors, priests 61 -1
Pharmacists 90 2 Mayors 59 4
Doctors, physicians 89 1 Computer or software specialists 59 2
Train, bus, underground or tram drivers 89 2 Market or opinion researchers 59 0
Pilots 87 -4 Businessmen, entrepreneurs 54 3
Engineers, technicians 86 6 Retailers, sellers 52 0
Teachers 82 3 Actors 48 4
Policemen 82 1 TV hosts, TV presenters 48 0
Farmers 78 -3 Bankers, bank assistants 43 4
Craftsmen 77 3 Professional athletes, footballers 42 3
Architects 75 1 Journalists 36 -1
© GfK Verein 2016
Judges 75 1 Advertising specialists 27 1
Lawyers 72 2 Insurance agents 22 3
Cab drivers 71 0 Politicians 14 -1
Base 2016: 1,978 respondents
Table of contentsGermany /// Differences between West and East (1)
31
Even 25 years after German reunification, it is still worth Nevertheless, several professions are viewed
comparing the similarities and differences between East and significantly more positively in the West. The greatest
West in the levels of trust expressed in the professions difference is found in the country’s perception of priests, who
West and East Germany investigated. At 66%, West Germans have on average more attain a rating of 66% in the West but just 40% in the East. In
Average trust in the trust in the professions than East Germans, whose overall the GDR, the state undertook various measures in an attempt
professional groups trust rating stands at 62%. Of all Germans, the under 50s to suppress the influence of the Protestant Church in
living in the West have the strongest trust in the professions particular. This – coupled with the GDR portraying itself as an
examined (68%), while, at just 61%, people aged 50 plus officially atheist state – has led to the majority of East
living in the East are noticeably more wary of all professions. Germans still not belonging to any religious community.
The changes in the levels of trust expressed in East and Western Germany also has a stronger level of trust in
West since 2014 have largely moved in the same direction. lawyers, policemen, judges and civil servants. The few
The two halves of the country and the various age groups are independent lawyers who practised in the GDR were very
also relatively in agreement when it comes to the professions limited in terms of the work they were permitted to undertake.
occupying the very top and bottom of the ranking. Older East In contrast, policemen, judges and civil servants are three
Germans in particular are slightly more mistrustful of professions which used to represent the “system” in the GDR.
65% 2014 pharmacists. Few pharmacies of the kind seen today existed What’s more, after reunification, in East Germany these roles
West
66% 2016
in the former GDR. And of those that did, their ranges did not were frequently assumed by people from the West. East
© GfK Verein 2016
compare with the wide selection of products on offer in the Germans aged 50 and over are the most mistrustful of these
62% 2014
East West and which are today taken for granted, especially in three professions as well as soldiers. The same applies to
62% 2016
terms of over-the-counter drugs. In other respects, the entrepreneurs, who did not exist under the GDR’s socialist
differences between East and West are mostly marginal. planned economy.
Table of contentsGermany /// Differences between West and East (2)
32
With 38%, journalists are also awarded a greater level ground in this part of the country. Although East Germans
of trust in the West, where the population has more long- have a slightly more cautious attitude to mayors than those
standing experience of press freedom, than in the East, where living in the West, this professional group has also seen a
West and East Germany the professional group only garners 31% approval. In slight rise in public perception in the East.
Average trust in the contrast, the under 50s living in the East award the greatest
Overall, almost all professional groups have a higher
professional groups level of trust to computer and software specialists, a
trust rating in the West than they do in the East. The only
professional group which has become indispensable given the
exceptions to this are cab drivers and sales staff, who are
way in which digital technology is penetrating our daily lives to
both perceived more positively in the East, where they enjoy
an ever larger extent. The greatest level of disparity can be
seven to eight percentage points’ greater trust than in the
found in the amount of trust felt for professional athletes and
West. This spike in trust in comparison with the other half of
footballers among younger West Germans (47%) and that
the country is, however, not as serious as in the numerous
expressed by older East Germans (34%). One reason for this
reverse cases where professional groups engender more trust
could be that both the German Bundesliga football league and
in the West.
the country’s 2014 FIFA World Cup team are and were
dominated by clubs and players from the former states of
65% 2014 West Germany.
West
66% 2016
On the other hand, the trust felt for politicians is equally
© GfK Verein 2016
low in both the West and East. Their rating has nevertheless
62% 2014
East increased very slightly in the East, despite the emergence of
62% 2016
the populist Pegida movement, which is gaining particular
Table of contentsWest Germany /// Trust in professional groups
("I completely/generally trust“, in %) 33
Change vs 2014 Change vs 2014
in percentage points in percentage points
Firefighters 96 -1 Soldiers 67 -1
Paramedics 96 0 Pastors, priests 66 -1
Nurses 95 1 Civil servants 65 0
Pharmacists 91 2 Mayors 61 4
Train, bus, underground or tram drivers 89 3 Computer or software specialists 58 1
Doctors, physicians 89 1 Market or opinion researchers 58 -1
Engineers, technicians 87 7 Businessmen, entrepreneurs 56 4
Pilots 87 -3 Retailers, sellers 50 1
Policemen 85 1 TV hosts, TV presenters 49 1
Teachers 83 4 Actors 48 6
Judges 78 0 Bankers, bank assistants 44 4
Craftsmen 78 -2 Professional athletes, footballers 43 4
Architects 77 2 Journalists 38 -1
© GfK Verein 2016
Farmers 76 3 Advertising specialists 27 1
Lawyers 75 4 Insurance agents 22 2
Cab drivers 70 0 Politicians 14 -2
Base 2016: 1,576 respondents
Table of contentsEast Germany /// Trust in professional groups
("I completely/generally trust“, in %) 34
Change vs 2014 Change vs 2014
in percentage points in percentage points
Paramedics 96 0 Market or opinion researchers 62 4
Firefighters 96 -1 Soldiers 61 0
Nurses 94 -2 Retailers, sellers 58 -2
Doctors, physicians 91 3 Lawyers 58 -5
Train, bus, underground or tram drivers 88 -2 Mayors 53 6
Pharmacists 85 2 Civil servants 51 4
Pilots 85 -7 Actors 50 0
Engineers, technicians 83 3 TV hosts, TV presenters 45 -2
Teachers 81 1 Businessmen, entrepreneurs 44 -2
Craftsmen 80 3 Bankers, bank assistants 40 5
Farmers 79 -6 Pastors, priests 40 2
Cab drivers 77 -1 Professional athletes, footballers 38 1
Policemen 71 0 Journalists 31 -2
© GfK Verein 2016
Architects 70 -1 Advertising specialists 29 0
Judges 64 5 Insurance agents 24 5
Computer or software specialists 63 5 Politicians 15 2
Base 2016: 402 respondents
Table of contentsGermany /// Trust in professional groups
East and West Germany
("I completely/generally trust“, in %) 35
Firefighters Soldiers
Paramedics Civil servants
Nurses Pastors, priests
Pharmacists Mayors
Doctors Computer or software specialists
Train, bus, underground or tram drivers Market or opinion researchers
Pilots Businessmen, entrepreneurs
Engineers, technicians Retailers, sellers
Teachers Actors
Policemen TV hosts, TV presenters
Farmers Bankers, bank assistants
Craftsmen Professional athletes, footballers
Architects Journalists
© GfK Verein 2016
Judges Advertising specialists
West
Lawyers Insurance agents East
Cab drivers Politicians
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Base: 1,978 respondents
Table of contentsGermany /// Trust in professional groups
East and West Germany by age group
("I completely/generally trust“, in %) 36
Firefighters Soldiers
Paramedics Civil servants
Nurses Pastors, priests
Pharmacists Mayors
Doctors Computer or software specialists
Train, bus, underground or tram drivers Market or opinion researchers
Pilots Businessmen, entrepreneurs
Engineers, technicians Retailers, sellers
Teachers Actors
Policemen TV hosts, TV presenters
Farmers Bankers, bank assistants
Craftsmen Professional athletes, footballers
Architects Journalists
© GfK Verein 2016
Judges Advertising specialists West less than 50 y.
West 50 plus
Lawyers Insurance agents East less than 50 y.
East 50 plus
Cab drivers Politicians
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Base: 1,978 respondents
Table of contentsItaly /// Findings
37
With the average trust rating rising by 7 percentage TV presenters (62%) and entrepreneurs (50%) have each
points to 67%, the climate in Italy has improved noticeably in seen a spurt in trust of 11 percentage points. And despite
terms of the level of trust felt for the professions in compa- increased strikes, train drivers (87%) and cab drivers (75%)
59.8 M rison with the other countries surveyed. This positive trend are also among the professions witnessing an upturn in trust.
Population can be found in almost all professional groups and in every
The only professional groups not to register any growth
region. Having said this, the average level of trust expressed
38.2 M are advertising specialists with 47% and mayors, who with
Working population by Northern Italians remains five percentage points higher
36% occupy the third-to-last place on the scale. This mistrust
(Age 15 to 64) than in Central and Southern Italy. The country’s economic
of mayors, in a climate in which the vast majority of
situation could be the cause of the increased overall rating.
90.5% of age 20-64 professions are experiencing increased trust, could be
secondary-educated After years of recession, the Italian economy is starting to
attributed to Rome’s mayor, Marino, who gained negative
grow again – albeit tentatively – thanks in particular to lower
12.2% press for an expenses scandal and has since resigned. The
energy prices and the expansionary monetary policy of the
Unemployment rate sceptical attitude towards numerous public sector professions
2013 (ILO) ECB. The European Commission forecast growth of around
can also be linked to the high perceived level of corruption in
0.6% for 2015. In Italy, firefighters come top of the ranking
CPI 43 Italy. As a result, judges with 59% and civil servants with 51%
High perceived once again, enjoying a trust rating of 95%. Nurses and
find themselves at the lower end of the ranking. Politicians
corruption farmers, both of whom record a heightened level of trust in
currently engender the lowest level of trust at just 15%,
comparison with 2014, also lie above the 90% mark. Retailers
although this figure represents a slight gain in comparison
© GfK Verein 2016
34,280 $
GNI per capita and sales staff are experiencing the greatest rise in public
with 2014. This is in line with the rise in popularity seen by
perception, achieving a plus of 20 percentage points. With
Prime Minister Renzi, who is introducing reforms in an attempt
-0.4% GDP growth 73%, they find themselves in the middle of the ranking.
to bring the country out of its state of crisis.
rate 2014 Consumer sentiment has also improved in Italy, reaching a
record high in September 2015. Pilots (87%), actors (63%),
Table of contentsItaly /// Trust in professional groups
("I completely/generally trust“, in %) 38
Change vs 2014 Change vs 2014
in percentage points in percentage points
Firefighters 95 9 Retailers, sellers 73 20
Nurses 91 6 Market or opinion researchers 67 6
Farmers 90 7 Professional athletes, footballers 64 9
Pharmacists 89 4 Actors 63 11
Train, bus, underground or tram drivers 87 10 TV hosts, TV presenters 62 11
Craftsmen 87 3 Judges 59 7
Pilots 87 11 Pastors, priests 54 7
Paramedics 86 5 Civil servants 51 10
Teachers 85 4 Businessmen, entrepreneurs 50 11
Engineers, technicians 85 8 Journalists 47 6
Doctors, physicians 82 3 Advertising specialists 47 0
Architects 81 8 Lawyers 46 3
Policemen 80 5 Insurance agents 38 9
© GfK Verein 2016
Soldiers 79 9 Mayors 36 -1
Computer or software specialists 77 7 Bankers, bank assistants 34 7
Cab drivers 75 10 Politicians 15 3
Base 2016: 1,017 respondents
Table of contentsNetherlands /// Findings
39
With an average trust rating of 69% across all the statement made by Rotterdam’s mayor Aboutaleb after the
professions investigated, the Netherlands is in the top third of terrorist attack on the headquarters of Charlie Hebdo in Paris
the global ranking. Half of the professions are trusted by 70% at the start of 2015. A Muslim born in Morocco, Aboutaleb told
16.9 M or more of the respondents. Only 4 professional groups have radical Islamists to leave Europe if they could not cope with
Population ratings significantly lower than 50%, namely advertising the continent’s ideals of freedom. The largest drop in rating is
specialists and insurance agents with 38% and 37% respec- experienced by engineers and technicians, who with 72%
11.1 M
Working population tively, bankers with 33% and politicians with 31%. The latter, nevertheless still meet with a high level of trust. This sector
(Age 15 to 64) however, earn a relatively high level of trust in comparison recently came under criticism for allegedly sometimes putting
with the other European countries. The economic recession profit ahead of the safety of the population during gas
90.1% of age 20-64
secondary-educated appears to have come to an end in the Netherlands and gross extraction operations performed over the past few years.
domestic product was expected to have risen by around 2% in Sellers (64%) and market and opinion researchers (50%)
6.7% Unemployment 2015. The influx of refugees, however, is presenting the have also both made losses of 7 percentage points. As was
rate 2013 (ILO) country with significant challenges. While the population is also the case in 2014, the helping professions top the scale,
accusing Prime Minister Rutte of a lack of involvement with with firefighters taking pole position with 96%, followed by
CPI 83
Hardly any perceived the issue, the right-wing populist party PVV is benefiting from paramedics and nurses, who each attain a rating of 95%.
corruption the situation. According to a survey conducted in October Medical care in the Netherlands is regarded as being among
2015, it could win 23% of the vote at the next election, which the best in Europe and the country currently occupies first
© GfK Verein 2016
51,210 $
GNI per capita would make it the strongest political force in the country. place in the Euro Health Consumer Index (EHCI) for the fifth
year in row. A particular feature of the nation’s health system,
Mayors record the greatest rise in trust in comparison
0.9% GDP growth which may heighten the trust felt for these professions, is that
with 2014, climbing 7 percentage points to their current rating
rate 2014 treatment decisions are usually made on the basis of
of 73%. This result may have been contributed to by the clear
discussions held between the doctor and patient.
Table of contentsNetherlands /// Trust in professional groups
("I completely/generally trust“, in %) 40
Change vs 2014 Change vs 2014
in percentage points in percentage points
Firefighters 96 1 Computer or software specialists 68 -5
Paramedics 95 0 Civil servants 67 3
Nurses 95 1 Retailers, sellers 64 -7
Pilots 89 -3 TV hosts, TV presenters 64 -1
Doctors, physicians 89 1 Actors 64 -4
Pharmacists 89 0 Cab drivers 62 1
Teachers 88 -1 Professional athletes, footballers 59 2
Craftsmen 86 -2 Businessmen, entrepreneurs 54 0
Farmers 86 -1 Lawyers 54 0
Train, bus, underground or tram drivers 85 -3 Journalists 51 -4
Policemen 84 3 Market or opinion researchers 50 -7
Soldiers 78 1 Pastors, priests 48 3
Architects 78 -6 Advertising specialists 38 -6
© GfK Verein 2016
Judges 76 -3 Insurance agents 37 5
Mayors 73 7 Bankers, bank assistants 33 -3
Engineers, technicians 72 -13 Politicians 31 2
Base 2016: 1,014 respondents; please note: changed age group
Table of contentsPoland /// Findings
41
While the overall trust placed by Poles in the trust than they did in 2014. This could be attributed to the fact
professions included in the study remains constant at 65%, that many Poles are suffering from the appreciation of the
changes can be seen in the results recorded for the individual Swiss franc. Since many mortgage loans were denominated
38.6 M professions. The most significant of these is that none of the in this currency, the surge of the franc is causing levels of
Population professions, not even firefighters and nurses at the top of the debt to rise. Professional athletes and footballers are enjoying
scale, are able to achieve a trust rating greater than 90%. The the greatest increase in trust. The success of the Polish
26.8 M
Working population level of trust given to the highest-ranking professions attaining national football team, which qualified for the 2016 UEFA
(Age 15 to 64) ratings of 80% or more, which also include pharmacists, European Football Championship, having previously failed to
paramedics and soldiers, has dropped across the board. do so for the 2014 World Cup, is certainly playing a role here.
88.7% of age 20-64
secondary-educated The bottom end of the ranking is once again occupied by
In the first half of the rankings, the professional groups
insurance agents with 44%, advertising specialists with 40%
10.4% to suffer the greatest losses in trust include teachers (78%)
and politicians with 20%, although this time around each of
Unemployment rate and doctors (74%). Poland’s healthcare system is currently
2013 (ILO) these professions is recording an increase in trust. The rise in
facing increasing criticism, with the state hospitals in particular
trust placed in politicians may be connected with the election
being regarded as underfunded and poorly equipped. Due to
CPI 61 of the new President Duda from the national-conservative PiS
Perceived corruption their low average salaries, more and more medical staff are
party in the middle of 2015. During the parliamentary elections
moving abroad. In addition to causing a predominance of
at the end of October 2015, the country additionally saw a
older staff among healthcare professionals, staff shortages
© GfK Verein 2016
13,730 $
GNI per capita change in government, the liberal-conservative PO also being
are leading to long waiting times – creating a breeding ground
replaced by the PiS. However, there have already been huge
for corruption in the healthcare system. Overall, this is
3.4% GDP growth protests against the first measures to be introduced by the
contributing to the decline in trust being experienced by all
rate 2014 new government, comprising reforms to the Constitutional
medical professions. Bankers also meet with a lower level of
Court and media law.
Table of contentsPoland /// Trust in professional groups
("I completely/generally trust“, in %) 42
Change vs 2014 Change vs 2014
in percentage points in percentage points
Firefighters 90 -4 TV hosts, TV presenters 66 3
Nurses 87 -6 Actors 65 4
Pharmacists 85 -2 Policemen 65 5
Paramedics 83 -6 Cab drivers 64 -2
Soldiers 82 -2 Market or opinion researchers 62 -1
Engineers, technicians 79 1 Lawyers 58 -1
Train, bus, underground or tram drivers 79 -4 Judges 54 -2
Teachers 78 -5 Journalists 53 3
Craftsmen 78 2 Mayors 49 4
Farmers 78 -4 Bankers, bank assistants 49 -6
Pilots 77 -2 Businessmen, entrepreneurs 48 1
Retailers, sellers 75 1 Civil servants 47 -2
Doctors, physicians 74 -6 Pastors, priests 47 -1
© GfK Verein 2016
Architects 73 -1 Insurance agents 44 5
Computer or software specialists 70 3 Advertising specialists 40 6
Professional athletes, footballers 67 12 Politicians 20 4
Base 2016: 1,000 respondents
Table of contentsRussia /// Findings
43
At 63%, the trust placed in the professions analysed has as well as the low cost of crude oil have led to an economic
remained stable in Russia, lying in the lower middle of the downturn and a rise in prices. As a result, the IMF forecast a
2016 global ranking. There are no noteworthy changes drop in GDP of 3.4% for 2015. And in March 2015, the rate of
143.5 M among the individual professions. Overall, professions at the inflation stood at 16.9% due to the very weak rouble. This
Population upper end of the scale have, in some cases, seen slight situation is possibly having a negative influence on the trust
increases in trust, while all of those at the lower end have felt for professions involved primarily in the marketing of
100.3 M
Working population recorded losses. The only exception to this is politicians, who products and services. This group comprises bankers, market
(Age 15 to 64) have made a slight improvement. or opinion researchers, entrepreneurs, insurance agents and
advertising specialists, who are all at the very end of the
98.0% of age 20-64 Firefighters occupy pole position with 89%, followed by
secondary-educated ranking and have lost trust in comparison with 2014.
teachers in second place with 86%. In contrast, at 74%, the
trust placed in doctors is somewhat low in comparison with It seems, however, that Russians are not holding
5.6% Unemployment the other countries surveyed. At 83%, significantly more President Putin responsible for the weakening economy, as
rate 2013 (ILO)
Russians express trust in paramedics, nurses and soldiers, surveys show that more than 80% of the population are
CPI 27 the latter two both witnessing a 4 percentage point increase in satisfied with his work. Other politicians, in contrast, are failing
High perceived trust. In May 2015, the country demonstrated its military to benefit from the popularity of their country’s president.
corruption
strength by staging the largest military parade in Russian Despite making a slight gain in comparison with 2014, their
history in Moscow to mark the 70th anniversary of victory in profession occupies the penultimate position at 33%. In spite
© GfK Verein 2016
13,210 $
GNI per capita the Second World War. This and the military operations in of the high level of perceived corruption, state employees are
Ukraine, for instance, have been reported very positively in also enjoying an increase in trust, with just over half of
0.6% GDP growth the media. However, the economic sanctions imposed on the Russian citizens trusting policemen, civil servants and judges.
rate 2014
country by the EU due to the Ukraine conflict, to which Russia Nevertheless, the trust felt in these three professions is still
retaliated by introducing an import ban on Western products, below the country’s average rating of 63%.
Table of contentsRussia /// Trust in professional groups
("I completely/generally trust“, in %) 44
Change vs 2014 Change vs 2014
in percentage points in percentage points
Firefighters 89 2 Lawyers 63 -4
Teachers 86 1 Cab drivers 62 1
Nurses 83 4 Actors 61 -2
Paramedics 83 0 TV hosts, TV presenters 61 -3
Soldiers 83 4 Retailers, sellers 56 3
Farmers 81 1 Policemen 55 5
Pilots 80 0 Civil servants 52 6
Engineers, technicians 78 -1 Judges 52 2
Pharmacists 78 -1 Journalists 49 -1
Craftsmen 77 1 Bankers, bank assistants 42 -3
Architects 77 4 Market or opinion researchers 39 -5
Doctors, physicians 74 -1 Businessmen, entrepreneurs 37 -2
Train, bus, underground or tram drivers 74 0 Mayors 37 -3
© GfK Verein 2016
Professional athletes, footballers 72 -2 Insurance agents 33 -3
Pastors, priests 72 -1 Politicians 33 3
Computer or software specialists 71 4 Advertising specialists 32 -5
Base 2016: 2,119 respondents
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