THE REVIEW - MCDR PROJECTS: INNOVATIVE NETWORKS, TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT MOTOR - of the French Rural network - Réseau rural
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C’est ensemble que se construit l’avenir des territoires
THE REVIEW
of the French Rural network Special edition
MCDR PROJECTS: INNOVATIVE NETWORKS,
TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT MOTOR
THE REVIEW
of the French Rural network February 2020 1
INTRO
"Testing innovative solutions
in a participative context"
Approach across different sectors of the territorial issues, construction of resilient networks of local actors,
awareness of the populations closest to the ground... Investing in cooperation, the Collective Mobilisation for
Rural Development (MCDR) projects combine many assets in order to promote local development and innovation
over the long term. Pascal Chevalier, Professor of Geography at Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3 University considers
the strengths of these initiatives.
In what way do the MCDR projects contribute to
the development of the territories?
These actions cover a large variety of issues as demonstrated
by an approach, which works across different sectors, which
respond well to the different challenges confronting the rural
territories: access to training and digital resources, equality
between women and men, agro-ecological transition,
growth of the social and solidarity-based economy, and
so on. Moreover, the MCDR projects participate in the
structuring or reinforcement of the network of actors
involved in local development, in a period when cooperation
is seen to be as crucial as public campaigns.
What are the main assets and innovations contributed by these projects?
I should say that they make it possible to carry out trials and to test innovative solutions in a fairly flexible,
participative context and by actually starting from the needs on the ground, knowing that the local actors are those
who know their own territory best. These projects are also on the right scale: they make it possible to tackle at
territorial level issues which would never be dealt with on a "macro" level.
Furthermore, if the MCDR projects responding to specific local issues cannot always be transferred directly into
other territories, it is possible to benefit from organising exchanges of good practice between territories with
problems in common.
How can the positive contributions from these projects be permanently anchored in the territories?
The fact that these initiatives are provided by the networks of local actors constitutes an essential key factor for
setting up these initiatives and their dynamics permanently. In a climate of uncertainty about the means, which will
be available in the long term, investing in human resources seems to me a major
asset for the resilience of society: when people know each other and have taken
part together in the initial campaigns, they are more able to start again and to
“
become involved in new projects and seek new public funding for bringing them Operating in a network
represents valuable
to fruition. In any event, in the rural areas with low population density, working
in a network and the knowledge sharing that it generates remains a strength, a
valuable social capital harbouring a high capacity for innovation.
social capital
2 THE REVIEW
of the French Rural network
February 2020
SUMMARY
SCA RURAL NETWORK MOBILISATION OF A NETWORK OF PARTICIPANTS
Accelerator of agro-ecological transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. 4 TO SUPPORT CLIMATE TRANSITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. 14
RENFORT ECLAT
National regional forestry network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. 6 To test local agro-ecology with local authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. 16
TRESSONS RURAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH COOPERATION
Rural areas and social and solidarity-based economy, Producing, implementing and circulating new knowledge
tools and new synergies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. 8 about "how to cooperate" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. 18
#HAPPYTERR# JARA
Innovative, local farming alliances to develop regeneration Young actors in rural areas and farming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. 20
of the farming environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. 10
TERREAU
PORT@IL Transfer of experiences developed in rural areas:
A third place, two thirds of solidarity and mixing spin-off, agriculture, uses
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. 22
of the generations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. 12
The other 11 MCDR projects supported by the Rural Network
AJITER: to facilitate the reception of young adults and their initiatives into the rural territories (ADRETS)
REUNIR-AF: national network for agro-forestry (APCA - AFAC)
MADAME: to promote and accelerate the development of women's skills in agricultural crafts in the rural environment to ensure greater equality
(APCMA)
USAGER.E.S: innovation by the user(s) (Atelier Paysan)
TRANSAGRIDOM: t o accentuate the synergy between regions and participants in the networks for innovation and the transfer of farming know-how
to ensure agro-ecological transition in the overseas departments and territories (Cirad)
VENAISON: national project for capitalising on experience, information and support for the development of local industry to promote game meat for
the rural areas in France (FNC)
NATIONAL LAUNCH OF THE TRIAL: PRESERVATION OF EXTENSIVE LIVESTOCK-REARING, MANAGEMENT OF WETLANDS (FMA)
ACCESS'R: accessibility of services to the population in rural areas (LEADER France)
LEARNING TERRITORIES: t o respond to new activities and to new skills in rural areas (Sol et Civilisation)
RNPAT SEASON 2: the national network for local food projects (Terres en Villes) (Terres en Villes)
MOBILISING A NETWORK OF LOCAL RURAL PROJECTS IN THE MASSIF CENTRAL (PTRMC) (VBMC)
Information
February 2020 - Publication edited by the French Rural network
Publication Director: Valérie METRICH-HECQUET - DGPE
National Organisational Unit of the NRN
Editorial design: Unité nationale d’animation du RRN Patricia Andriot
Editing and graphic design: KOGITO
Cover photo: Strip till maize sowing methods at the GAEC Pech d'Amont
01 49 55 54 20
© Fermes de Figeac patricia.andriot@agriculture.gouv.fr / contact@reseaurural.fr
The NRN thanks all the project providers and their partners for their
contribution to the production of this publication.
Follow the activity of the 21 MCDR projects on www.reseaurural.fr
THE REVIEW of the French Rural network February 2020 3
SCA Rural Network
Accelerator of agro-ecological transition
“
Copying nature. In substance this is the aim of soil conservation
agriculture (SCA). "Beneficial for the environment, the farmers and
society, this system of agro-ecological production is still marginal
Offering a bridge between
in the French landscape, but it is developing" confirms François
Mandin, President of the APAD, the association for the promotion
of sustainable agriculture. The provider of the SCA Rural Network,
this national association has chosen as its mission to share and territories to contribute
transfer the know-how and good practice of the farmers practicing collectively to profound
change.
SCA in order to accelerate the development of this "farming
revolution" in the territories. "SCA involves real agronomic thinking
and its implementation is technically delicate. It requires making
François Mandin,
“
choices, training and working with living organisms to "relearn" how
to farm and to be connected with social expectations," explains President of the APAD
François Mandin. “The best method to develop SCA? By relying on
the farmers' collectives, which are already practising it."
A third agricultural path, between conventional farming and share a common philosophy and aims in common, but who until
organic farming, SCA puts the soil at the heart of the production now have been isolated," emphasises François Mandin. The SCA
system. It rests on three inseparable pillars: permanent plant Network offers a bridge between territories to allow everyone to
cover of the soil, sowing without working the soil and diversity exchange ideas."
and rotation of crops. "SCA contributes to preserving soil fertility,
In 2020, apart from a day of capitalisation of technical trials and
restoring biodiversity, reducing erosion, combating global warming,
another devoted to carbon storage, the SCA Network diary will be
improving incomes and the quality of life for farmers" details Sophie
marked by two high points: its presence at the Salon international
Gardette, APAD director. Since 2018 all these subjects have
de l’agriculture and the launch of "Au Cœur des Sols", the first
been the object of numerous training and awareness initiatives
farmers’ label in SCA. "There was no evaluation framework for
conducted by the fifteen or so associations, which make up the
the product or procedures in SCA. Yet it is time that farmers are
SCA Rural Network: technical days and visits to plots of land, Open
remunerated for the services they render by becoming involved in
Days on farms, distribution of guides and recommendations to
this path," maintains Sophie Gardette. “It is also proof of the first
boost its transition, film projections and public debates based on
support for SCA by public policies with this MCDR project."
the documentary, "Welcome earthworms" and such like. "Farmers,
technicians and scientific experts, we bring together the people, who
Find out more
APAD : Sophie Gardette
sophie.gardette@apad.asso.fr
Clé de sol : Sarah Singla
sarah.singla@apad.asso.fr
Clac Sol : Jean-Christophe Alibert
clacsol46@gmail.com
Sols d’Armorique : Roland Hallegouet
roland@larobedeschamps.fr
Agro Réseau 64 : Jean-Marc Couturejuzon
p.mathieu@pa.chambragri.fr
Sol et Eau en Ségala : Pierre Boutonnet
pierrot.boutonnet@orange.fr
www.apad.asso.fr
4 THE REVIEW
of the French Rural network
February 2020
Group of farmers visiting a field farmed by soil conservation.
© A.Gässler
"Regaining technical and agronomic control "Farmers are seeking structure and site
of our profession" experience"
by Blandine Calandre, farmer in Surgy (58), member of the by Mélanie Lamy, Agronomic adviser and organiser at the
Magellan Economic and Environmental Cluster (GIEE) Cerfrance Seine Normandy
"Seeing farmers re-discover their "As an associative network
profession as a cultivator is very for consultancy and chartered
inspiring, particularly in a context accounting, we guide farmers in
of agricultural gloom. I myself their business projects in different
"tumbled" into SCA three years ago fields: economic, legal, tax, heritage,
now thanks to meeting practitioners. environmental and technical. For ten
SCA gives us the chance to regain years with the support of ARAD (the
technical and agronomic control of agronomic research and development
our activity with regard to current working group of the Cerfrance
knowledge on the life of the soil. This system of production also in Normandy and Maine), we advise groups of farmers on
represents a saving in operational and structural costs as well as innovative techniques, especially in the implementation of SCA.
strong ecological interest, as it creates a closer link between our This support is reflected in the introduction and monitoring of
farming systems and the workings of nature. trials, training cycles on plant cover, organic fertility, associated
crops and compost tea, field visits, an annual study trip, etc. To
Our GIEE brings together the Nivernais farmers, who want in
date we organise a dozen farmer's groups, including three GIEE
particular to progress in mastering direct sowing, either under
(GIEE Sol en Caux, GIEE des 3 Vallées, GIEE Carbone’N’Caux) and
plant cover or not, and crop rotation. Being part of the SCA
four GSI (innovative systems groups). They try out innovative
Network is very useful for exchanging ideas on our practices and
practices and share equipment, such as seed drills, in order to
to bring about the exploitation of SA production on the national
reduce the investments necessary for a change in production
scale. For example, the first technical day organised in Paris
system.
allowed us to share points for monitoring with other farmers'
associations, but also to find out about innovative campaigns The APAD is the most advanced association in France in SCA.
like the experiences of interactions between apiculture and Integrating its network gives more weight and greater scope
the growing of legumes and also the operations for raising the to our actions. The SCA Rural Network also contributes to
awareness of the wider public, especially those organised by the improving our old technology and to meeting groups of farmers
Agro-Réseau 64 Association: the trophies for the most beautiful from all over France. This partnership was initially motivated
plant cover and the "Festival of the view of a living soil from by the farmers themselves, seeking references, structure and
beneath"." experience on the ground to reassure themselves, in order not to
feel isolated and to learn from others. They are very aware of the
importance of the quality of their soils and of the necessity to
gather together around resources, ideas and projects."
THE REVIEW
of the French Rural network February 2020 5
RENFORT
National regional forestry network
“
How can we promote the renewal of forested areas and improve r
the management of plots of private and public forest? In what way
can we take the forests into account in planning documentation?
Proposing tools to help
What new markets are there for the timber sector? "In a context
where climate change is having dramatic effects on French forests
- the bark beetle crisis, die-back of beech and pine trees - the issues
of governance and management of the forests are crucial in order the territories develop
to ensure a renewal of the forested areas," warns Lionel Viard, collective strategies for
the management of the
Forestry operations manager at APCA (Permanent Assembly of
the Chambers of Agriculture). Co-piloted by APCA and the French
National Federation of Forest Communities (Fncofor), RENFORT's
forests.
“
aim is to "propose tools for comprehension and action to help the
territories to develop collective strategies for the management of
the forests," explains Françoise Alriq, deputy director of Fncofor.
Françoise Alriq,
RENFORT bases its work around three themed axes: land, Deputy Director Fncofor
Lionel Viard,
management of the key variables (relationships between wild
animals and trees, forest biodiversity, forest pastoralism) and the
timber industry. "Our aim is also to set up a national network of Forestry manager at APCA
actors working in these areas to identify and share existing solutions,"
adds Lionel Viard. "Lots of projects are in progress and are at the
origin of many tools, which allow us to respond to the contemporary regions, these partners collaborate on subjects such as "vacant
forestry issues, but the actors do not always know how to identify the property without an owner", silvopastoralism, the regeneration
conditions in which they can use them or how to adapt them to their of the forest stands, the structure of regional industries (timber,
own environment. We therefore want to promote networking and wood energy and wood for litter for livestock rearing in stalls) etc.
the sharing of experience through major events like our Open Day “All these issues are dealt with on the territorial scale in order to find
last 28 January." the strategies most suitable for the particular features of each area,"
specifies Françoise Alriq. "This local management is indispensable in
Seven regions are involved in RENFORT, via partnerships between
order to improve the capacity of the forested territories to adapt to
the Chambers of Agriculture and the Regional Unions of Forest
the consequences of climate change," concludes Lionel Viard.
Communities. Depending on the issues and the problems in the
Find out more
APCA :
Lionel Viard
lionel.viard@apca.chambagri.fr
Fncofor :
Françoise Alriq
françoise.alric@communesforestieres.org
Françoise Alric
www.fncofor.fr
chambres-agriculture.fr
6 THE REVIEW
of the French Rural network
February 2020
Regularly planted forest of pine trees in the Doller valley (Haut-Rhin).
© M. Dupeuble, Chambre régionale d'agriculture d'Alsace
"Setting up a network is essential for "Equipping the territories in their role of
circulating our recommendations" decision-maker and developer"
by Jean-Michel Rayne, forestry adviser at the Chamber of by Jessica Masson, Director of the Regional Union of
Agriculture of the Hautes-Alpes Associations of Forest Communities Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
"In the context of our MCDR project, "At RENFORT we are working with the
the Forest Communities (Cofor) and Chamber of Agriculture on matters
the Chambers of Agriculture have of forested land and the balance
chosen to distribute the work. We are between forestry and hunting.
going to work on the production of On the first issue we are sharing
guide on silvopasturalism. For their our tools such as map databases
part, the Cofor are going to concentrate and diagnostic methodologies for
on returning wooded communal land, forested land, in order to support the
which does not come under forestry commune of Vailly (74) in its project
control, to pasture. Pasture in the forest is an ancient practice in our for the creation of a forestry service and the management of
region, which is enjoying a rekindling of interest among breeders. It the mountain forested areas. From this trial we have produced
offers numerous advantages and responds to an additional demand a support methodology, which sets out our respective roles.
for pasture. It also makes it possible to promote biodiversity and to For example, on our side, we are undertaking an inquiry into
reduce the risks of forest fires. the "vacant" properties "without owners", which Vailly could
acquire. For its part, the Chamber of Agriculture is producing a
Our guide to good practice in silvopasture will be written in
cartographic atlas of the plots of private forested land. We are
collaboration with actors such as the DDT (Departmental Land-
hoping to formalise our partnership, in order to reproduce it
use Directorate), the CNPF (National Forest Ownership Centre),
across the rest of the territory. On the question of the balance
the ONF (National Office of Forests), the Cofor or the CERPAM
between forestry and hunting, our objective with RENFORT is to
(Centre for Pastoral Studies and Mediterranean Alps Projects).
aid the elected representatives and the forest owners to adopt
We realised in particular that there was very little literature
the tools developed by the foresters and hunters in the context
available on the management of tree-cutting in an environment
of the PRFB (Programme régional Forêt-Bois [Regional forest-
where silvopasture is practiced. Our first task therefore was to
woodland Programme]) to determine the impact of the game
research simple criteria, which could be easily monitored by the
on the forests. It is a question in particular of making the elected
services of the State, in order to determine the number of trees
representatives aware of the major issues in this matter, for they
to preserve on a plot of land.
have a role as mediators.
For three types of species - the deciduous species, in particular
RENFORT has allowed us to construct a working method
the oaks, the pines at colline altitude (Aleppo pine, Scots pine,
in common with the Chamber of Agriculture. This ought to
etc.) and the resinous mountain species (larches, mountain pines,
contribute to the better equipment of the territories in their
etc.) - we have determined what density to conserve in terms of
roles as decision-makers and managers. I am eager to get to the
the average diameter of the trees. Networking is essential in this
restitution phase of the project, in particular to find out about
project. Our recommendations have to be shared by everyone
the work on urbanism and silvopasture, for we only work on
in order to be better disseminated among the breeders, forestry
these subjects from time to time. The experiences of the other
owners and managers. In addition, we have decided to create an
regions will help us to adopt concrete strategies in these areas.
informal monitoring group on silvopasture. Its purpose is to have
We shall gain time thanks to this capitalisation in networking."
our recommendations evaluated with respect to global warming."
THE REVIEW
of the French Rural network February 2020 7
TRESSONS
Rural areas and social and solidarity-based economy, tools and
new synergies
“
"With Tressons we want to highlight and strengthen the social and
solidarity-based economy in the rural areas," explains Bérengère
Daviaud, Operations Manager at Avise, the association co-piloting
Promoting the emergence
the project with the RTES Network of territories for the solidarity
economy since 2018. The Tressons project involves three parts. An
initial stage has consisted in analysing the projects relevant to the
solidarity economy in rural areas and the dynamics, which underlie of a humane, citizen
them, notably by means of territorial studies. These projects
originate from three very different areas: services to persons, local
economy.
shops focusing on short circuits, sustainable mobility, circular “
economy, third places, employment and professional integration,
access to digital technology, energy transition, etc. "It is a question Bérengère Daviaud,
of analysing the role of these local scale initiatives and to draw Operations Manager at Avise
attention to the levers, which allow them to become permanent,"
explains Bérengère Daviaud.
In a second phase, meetings and teaching resources are organised
for networks of business support initiatives (social or other) and where the engineering is lacking."
for rural development, the solidarity economy actors and the
Throughout the Tressons programme the creation of a network for
local authorities. The aim is to promote the sharing of expertise,
sharing information made up of many project partners, together
the synergies, and to provide the operational engineering tools
with communication campaigns (e.g. contributory newsletter,
adapted to the issues revealed during the first phases. "The
forums) have also made it possible to capitalise on and disseminate
objective is to create real territorial eco-systems to promote the steps
what has been learned from the project. "In response to the social
which are included in the solidarity economy. We have flagged the
and environmental issues, the social and solidarity-based economy is
particularly inspiring practices over four territories, which have given
a vector for revitalising and humanising the economy, a framework
rise to monographs: the Val d’Ille-Aubigné (Brittany), federation of
for the expression of citizen initiatives, which offer innovative
municipalities of the Pays Terres de Lorraine, Pays Périgord Vert and
solutions by means of new standards. We have to make them known,
the Vercors Regional Natural Park,” specifies Bérengère Daviaud.
so that these measures come together among themselves and
“Subsequently, the project will support trial cooperations between
multiply," concludes Bérengère Daviaud.
actors in the solidarity economy, local authorities and actors in rural
development in order to assist local projects across the territories
Find out more
Avise : Bérengère Daviaud
berengere.daviaud@avise.org
Social innovation territories, which have been the object of
a study:
Communauté de communes Val d’Ille-Aubigné
Pays Terres de Lorraine
Pays Périgord Vert
Parc naturel régional du Vercors
Summary of the TRESSONS study on: www.avise.org
www.rtes.fr
8 THE REVIEW
of the French Rural network
February 2020
Éleveur caprin installé
TRESSONSavec project
l’accompagnement
launch meeting
de lainCIAP
Nancy
Pays
in April
de la 2019
Loire
© Pierre Hybre, agence©MYOPAvise
"Transmettre nos connaissances "L’opportunité de se tester et de lancer
"Heading towards more solidarity-based
est une évidence" "The solidarity economy can offer
son activité"
economic and financial models"
par Alain Huet, paysan référent, éleveur ovin à Écuillé (49)
alternatives to dying village centres"
par Bérenger Arnould, berger itinérant accompagné
by Lisa Labarrière, Operations Manager at ANPP (Association parAnne
by la CIAP
Le 49
Tellier, Solidarity Economy Operations Manager
"Adhérent à la CIAP depuis 2 ans, j’ai accepté d’accompagner un
nationale des Pôles d’équilibre territoriaux et des Pays) on the Departmental Council of Ille-et-Vilaine
stagiaire en 2018 : Bérenger. Pendant une année, mon rôle en "J’ai découvert l’activité ovine lors d’une réunion organisée par
tant que paysan together
"Grouping référent a consisté the la CIAP
"Our en mai 2018
Department puisinj’ai
has put placeeu al’opportunité de suivre
solidarity economy deux
advisory
à le former à l’élevage
representatives of localdeauthorities,
moutons. semaines decomposed
committee stage auprès d’un berger
of some thirty itinérant
members:suractors
les bords de
in civil
Pâturage, agnelage,
companies etc. Nous avons
and associations, our Loire. Enqualified
society, octobre, persons,
j’ai débuté mon stageand
universities paysan
threecréatif chez Alain
politicians from
vu l’ensemble
structure du the
federates processus de
territories, Huet.
the Une fois parincluding
Department, mois, je participais égalementinaux
the vice-president formations
charge of the
production
which areainsi que tout cenumerous
supporting qu’il faut collectiveseconomy.
solidarity proposéesInpar 2018la in
CIAPthisafin d’approfondir
committee, mon projet
we discussed the
savoir pour
project maîtriserrelevant
providers un troupeau.
to the d’installation
question : gestion
of dying d’entreprise,
village centres. Incommercialisation en vente
our territory, alternatives
social and solidarity-based economy. directe,
to communication,
the solidarity economyetc. actually represent viable solutions to
Bérenger venait maximum 2 jours par
the fact that it is impossible for conventional shops to survive in
semaine.
In Le reste du temps,
the framework of the ilTressons
montait Depuis juin 2019, je bénéficie du portage d’activité proposé par la
certain villages.
son projet d’installation
programme, et rencontrait
Avise has produced two CIAP, notamment d’une avance pour investir dans le troupeau et
d’autres éleveurs
monographs devoted pour découvrir
to the project différents
territories:fonctionnements.
Terres de Lorraine le matériel
Notably : clôture
village mobile,
shops are cuves et abreuvoirs,
cooperative moutonnière...
or associative shops
Son Périgord
and stage a pris
vert.fin au printemps
These territories mais nous restons
are particularly en contact
involved in the La CIAP
or assure
places l’hébergement
involving juridiquebar,
the population: et fiscal de mongrocer's,
restaurant, activité
régulièrement,
projects au moins economy,
in the solidarity une fois pas semaine. Desofliens
representative se sont
a variety of à travers
bread un contrat
depot, culturald’un
spacean investing
renouvelable the 3time
fois.shared
Cela permet
by its
créés et
areas andc’est cela quiservices
measures: est intéressant et motivant,
to persons, pour tous les
farmers' cooperatives, de se testerand
employees et the
de commitment
lancer son activité avant deIn racheter
of volunteers. les
partnership
deux.
the development of short circuit food sectors, hotels, business investissements
with BRUDED, aréalisés.
network of politicians, we have suggested to
incubators and so on. Studies of this type help us better to the politicians of Ille-et-Vilaine that they visit shops like these,
Le paysan référent est là pour épauler le jeune dans son Aujourd’hui, je remets le pastoralisme au goût du jour. J’élève
identify and become familiar with social economy projects in in order to publicise and spread this type of project. Some 70
installation, le conseiller sur sa production et le rassurer quand il 145 moutons (Roussins de la Hague et Ardennais Roux) et
order to better draw attention to them and to be able to suggest elected representatives have responded to the invitation and
fait face à des difficultés. commercialise la viande d’agneau en vente directe. Je déplace
to those who provide them, tools, methods and resources suited have returned convinced that the measure is sound. We are
mon troupeau en essayant de trouver des sites à proximité de
Nous
to theiravons
needs aussi été networks,
(contacts, jeune, avons
goodsuivi des possibilities
practice, stages et dû of currently working on a consultancy bid to the local authorities
chez moi pour pouvoir rentrer le soir et profiter d’un certain
apprendre
funding or le métier, c’est
synergies doncterritories,
between naturel et etc.).
évident de transmettre and a bid to provide administrative umbrella support for local
confort de vie. Je travaille notamment avec des gestionnaires
nos connaissances à notre tour. Cette première expérience ayant shops.
To respond to the environmental and social challenges, we must d’espaces naturels afin d’entretenir et de préserver des coteaux,
été un succès, je suis prêt à accueillir un nouveau stagiaire quand
urgently rethink our economic and financial models in order to des vignes,
Our des peupleraies..."
local authority is a partner in the Tressons programme. In
l’occasion se présentera."
head towards more solidarity-based lifestyles, allowing more the context of this programme Avise has undertaken a study
room for the human aspect. With its intense involvement in the devoted to the federation of municipalities of Val d’Ille-Aubigné,
solidarity economy measures the rural world is not dragging an entity very involved in sustainable development. This
behind in these matters, quite the contrary!" monograph offer us a valuable view of shops in rural villages."
THE REVIEW
of the French Rural network February 2020 9
#Happyterr#
Innovative, local farming alliances to develop regeneration
of the farming environment
“
Many people retiring, too few new arrivals... This reality is affecting
the farming community badly. To improve the situation, the
Coopérative d’Installation en Agriculture Paysanne (CIAP) Pays de
Creating a mutual
la Loire is piloting #Happyterr#. The project covering the Great
West is extending the work carried out between 2015 and 2018 in
the context of DEAPNA (Developing agricultural entrepreneurship
for persons without a farming background). Its objective is simple: assistance network to
to put in place mechanisms for securing the procedures in setting facilitate moving to
and integrating into the
up for persons who do not have a farming background or who are
outside a family framework and to promote their moving into the
territories. “When a family member takes over a farm, the buyer
territories.
“
often benefits from the network and the solidarity created around
the farm. Persons, who do not have a farming background do not
have this help," explains Maëlys Dilé, Support Manager at the CIAP
Maëlys Dilé,
Pays de la Loire. support manager at CIAP 49
The first tool for supporting the new arrivals: the Creative Farmer
Training Course. Supported by farming mentors and a local support permanent test locations in organic market gardening at Saint-
group, the trainees are trained for one year in working methods, Herblain (44), Redon (35) and, as from this year, at Sainte-Gemmes-
administrative and financial management, in marketing, etc. sur-Loire (49). They offer technical support and a secure framework
"Their access to the means of production are facilitated, they can for producing, managing the activity and marketing the production.
develop an economic model and also develop a direct sales network.
The #Happyterr# partners are working this year on developing
The training course facilitates setting up in the territory and in the
an observatory for new business intended to highlight the factors
professional environment by creating a mutual support network."
in setting up permanent businesses outside the family support
As a cooperative the CIAP is able to accommodate the legal,
network. They are also analysing the transfer of the SCOP model
economic and administrative aspects of take-over projects and
to farming businesses, “particularly to facilitate transfer and to
creation of a business. It offers, moreover, pre-financing intended
secure the social status of the farmers." Over time the support
for the acquisition of the initial means of production and for the
tools deployed in the context of #Happyterr# all target one
development of the activity. The beneficiaries can thus obtain up
single objective: developing the policies for setting up a business,
to 40,000 euros. "We support some thirty projects each year. In
cooperation and modernisation in farming to respond to the
2018 this represented 645,000 euros committed for 500,000 euros
challenge of generation renewal.
turnover generated by the project providers." The CIAP finally offers
Find out more
CIAP PDL : Maëlys Dilé ; maelys.dile@ciap-pdl.fr
ARAP : arap@fadear.org
CIAP 22 : ciap22@orange.fr
ARDEAR : contact@ardearcentre.org
ARDEAR : ardear.normandie@gmail.com
Champs du partage : champsdupartagepc@gmail.com
Trebatu : trebatu@outlook.com
http://ciap-pdl.fr/reseau-interregional-happyterr/
10 THE REVIEW
of the French Rural network
February 2020Goat breeder installed with the support of the CIAP Pays de la Loire
© Pierre Hybre, agence MYOP
"Passing on our knowledge is self-evident" "The opportunity to put yourself to the test
by Alain Huet, farming mentor and sheep farmer in Écuillé (49) and to launch your business activity"
"As a member of the CIAP for two by Bérenger Arnould, itinerant shepherd supported by the
years, I agreed to give support CIAP 49
and guidance to a trainee in 2018: "I discovered sheep farming at a
Bérenger. For a year my role as a meeting organised by the CIAP in May
farming mentor has consisted in 2018 and then I had the opportunity
training him in sheep rearing. Pasture, to attend a two-week course with
lambing, etc. We have looked at the an itinerant shepherd on the banks
entire production process and all that of the Loire. In October, I began my
he needs to know to manage a flock. Creative Farmer Training Course with
Bérenger came for a maximum of two days per week. The rest Alain Huet. Once a month I also took
of the time he worked in setting up his business and met other part in collective training courses
breeders to find out about different ways of working. His training offered by the CIAP in order to improve my skills for setting
course ended in the spring, but we stay in regular contact, at up my business: business management, direct sales marketing,
least once a week. Links have been created and this is what is communication, etc.
interesting and motivating, for both of us. Since June 2019, I have benefited from business support offered
The farming mentor is there to give the young person a helping by the CIAP. Notably I was given an advance to invest in the flock
hand in setting up his business, to advise him on his production and the equipment: portable fencing, vats and troughs, sheep
and to reassure him when he is facing difficulties. transport trailer, etc. The CIAP takes care of the legal and tax
aspects of my business through a one year contract renewable
We were also young once, attended courses and had to learn the
three times. This lets me test things out and launch my business
job, so it is natural and obvious to pass on our knowledge in our
before redeeming the investments made.
turn. Since this first experience was a success, I am prepared to
accept a new trainee when the opportunity arises." Today, I am bringing pastoralism up to date. I farm 145 sheep
(Roussins de la Hague and Ardennais Roux) and market the
lamb meat. I move my flock around and try to find sites close
to home to be able to return in the evening and benefit from a
certain amount of comfort. I work in particular with managers
of natural spaces in order to maintain and preserve the hillsides,
the vineyards, the poplar groves, etc."
THE REVIEW
of the French Rural network February 2020 11PORT@IL
A third place, two thirds of solidarity and mixing of the
generations
“
Promoting the development of rural third places. This is the objective
of the PORT@IL project provided by the Familles Rurales association.
"These new spaces make it possible to respond to four challenges the
Hybridisation of
rural environment is confronted with: maintaining the local spaces,
rebuilding social links, promoting the integration of digital technologies
and developing businesses," confirms Eric Rossi, adviser for Europe
et Territoires à Familles Rurales and coordinator of PORT@IL. This businesses, shared
research project is involved with observing and supporting 34 leadership... We are
already identifying good
third place trial projects*. How do we make the organisation, the
governance and the funding of these spaces a success? To what extent
do they develop social links and the territories’ attractiveness? What
practice to ensure the
“
skills are needed? "More than half of the sites monitored have already
been created today and another ten will open in the first six months
of 2020." Spurred on by associations, local authorities, citizens'
continued existence of
collectives or groups of entrepreneurs, these trials are spread over third places.
twenty Departments, across a variety of rural territories. "There is no
critical size to animate a third place and the problems remain the same: Eric Rossi,
distance from the employment base, dispersed range of equipment and Adviser, Europe and Territories
services, unused activity spaces, and so on."
at Familles Rurales
Analysing and monitoring these spaces should allow Familles Rurales
and its twenty or so partners to formulate recommendations in Another important part of PORT@IL consists of providing training to
order to promote public policies for the development of the third support the project providers, volunteers, employees or organisers
places. "Several avenues are already becoming obvious, such as the of the third places: boot camps on social entrepreneurship, seminars
hybridisation of businesses in order to generate several sources of on the governance of third places, days for meetings and sharing
funding, like certain alerts notably concerning public assistance, which experiences... "This training offer is set to expand even further (tutorials,
is massive today and which could create dependence, or the question of distance learning, etc.) and some fifteen new project providers are
leadership, which must always be shared," explains Eric Rossi. In order wanting to join our dynamic," says a delighted Eric Rossi. "The MCDR
to evaluate the impact of the third places on the dynamics of the project call represents an opportunity for the development of third
territories (development of activities, creation of partnerships, new places. The mobilisation of numerous actors around this issue allows us
audiences ...), an inventory has also been drawn up in 2019. It will be to create bridges and to enrich our work and methodologies."
replicated at the end of the project, in 2021, to measure its effects.
Find out more
Familles Rurales :
Éric Rossi
eric.rossi@famillesrurales.org
https://tiers-lieux.famillesrurales.org/le-projet-portail
12 THE REVIEW
of the French Rural network
February 2020Presentation of the "Laboratoire des transitions" third place to the inhabitants of Vasles (79) during a summer market.
© Laboratoire des transitions
"Becoming a source centre of social links" "With PORT@lL, our project gains
by Maxime Gouet, digital mediator and facilitator relevance"
in Saint-Hilaire Bonneval (87) by Yassir Yebba, co-founder of the Transitions Laboratory
"Provided by Briance Roselle, a Association in Vasles (79)
Familles Rurales association, our "A third place created by our
"Késaco" third place is located in a association, the Maison des
community of 950 inhabitants. It transitions is located in the heart of
opened in June 2019 with the aim the community, in the premises of a
of becoming a source of social links. former transport firm. Our aim with
We are now in the preview phase: we this place is to organise a research
have some activities, but we open process on environmental, cultural
only on Fridays and Saturdays. A new and economic transition and to
stage should begin in the second six months of 2020. We are contribute to restoring confidence in
still working through the grant files and we are looking for more a future founded on citizen dynamics. We see the Maison des
spacious premises in order to offer co-working spaces. Providing transitions as a place of social change. Our activities started in
digital resources and skills is the starting point for Késaco, but September 2019 in exploratory mode. They are centred around
we also have other activities: a digital café, local entertainments, two spaces. The first is an associative café, a place where there
such as festive markets and upholstery workshops offered by is a social life, where we organise cooking workshops using local
one of the first users of the third place, who is now a member products, coding teas, a DIY lab for the repair of objects and the
of the Steering Committee. In addition, we are in the course of loan of equipment, etc. The second is a project and initiative
developing a "server farm", in order to offer something original: bank, a BPI. The inhabitants can go there to share their ideas and
the hire of virtual computers. offer their services and skills.
Monitoring of grants, help in putting together files for funding I immediately liked the collaborative aspect of PORT@IL. Being
or implementing a cash flow plan: the support of PORT@IL is a able to participate in their thinking on third places and to attend
valuable aid. Without it, I am not sure whether we would have their training courses has given me assurance and confidence in
become involved in the project. On a personal level, I attended what I was doing as well as a methodology for conducting the
the training for facilitators between June and December. I project. It has also allowed me to exchange views with other
gained a great deal from it, especially on the methodology for creators of third places. Talking to them makes our project more
setting up a project. I have also participated in the seminar relevant and strengthens my conviction that transition is above
on the governance of third places and these have been rich all a question of collective intelligence."
opportunities to meet other people. Working together is very
important for not feeling alone in confronting our problems,
discovering projects and foster emulation."
THE REVIEW
of the French Rural network February 2020 13Mobilisation of a network
of participants to support
climate transition
“
"There is an urgent need to encourage farms and local authorities
to adopt new practices, which promote the reduction of greenhouse
gas emissions," states Didier Jammes, supervisor at the pôle
Promoting innovative,
Agroenvironnement Energie Climat for the PACA Organic Network
(84), the organisation responsible for technical coordination of
the Mobilisation of a network of participants to support climate
transition project. Provided by the national organic farming effective campaigns with
federation, FNAB, and eleven technical partners and financiers, regard to adapting to
climate change.
the aim of this project is to develop a national network of plots
of land and local authorities, in order to promote extremely
effective, innovative actions with respect to the adaptation to
Didier Jammes,
“
climate change. Its purpose is to show the economic, agronomic,
environmental and climatic importance linked to the development supervisor at the pôle
of practices, production systems and regional procedures or Agroenvironnement Energie
approaches. The Action Plan developed by the partners is deployed
across six territories: Occitanie, PACA, Hauts de France, Grand Est Climat for the PACA Organic
and Pays de Loire. It is divided into three axes designed to mobilise Network
networks of actors around common objectives.
Entitled Soils, Organic, Climate, the aim of the first axis is to To guide the farmers and the local authorities through these trials,
constitute a network of plots of land, in order to study the carbon the FNAB is proceeding stage by stage. In particular, it is offering
storage capacity of the soil and to improve its fertility. "If it were training courses to bring farmers up to date and to improve their
possible to store 4 parts per 1000 of carbon in all soils, we would skills, the drafting of an inventory (soil analysis, the farm's carbon
compensate for the carbon emitted by human beings," stresses footprint, diagnostic survey of the energy aspects of the region)
Didier Jammes. “This is impossible in practical terms, but it is part and site visits in the company of experts. These days invite farmers,
of the solution." The second axis of the project, Organic Climate whether organic or non-organic, elected representatives, local
Farms, concentrates on the resilience of the farms: optimised authority managers and technicians to design together proposals for
management of inputs, energy savings... Lastly, Organic Climate initiatives. Eventually, in the form of methodological specifications,
Territories, the third and final axis, is for its part devoted to summary sheets and practical guides, the partners will share the
renewable energy production and sustainable food on the scale results of the actions undertaken, in order to "incite farms and the
of the EPCI public establishments for cooperation between local local authorities to appropriate and to increase favourable practices".
authorities.
Find out more
Bio de Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur : Didier Jammes
didier.jammes@bio-provence.org
GABB32 : gabb32.org
Bio 46 : Fanelli Walter
bio46@biomidipyrenees.org
CIVAM Bio 53 : coordination@civambio53.fr
Bio en Grand Est : contact@biograndest.org
Bio en Hauts-de-France : contact@bio-hdf.fr
www.fnab.org
14 THE REVIEW
of the French Rural network
February 2020Exchange group on agronomic practice in Mayenne
© Civam Bio 53
"Cover the soil with plants to harness green "I realised what had to be done differently"
house gases" by Pierre Albouy, cereal farmer in Forcalquier (04)
by Karim Riman, consultant in agro-ecology "I do not claim to want to change the
"The recent studies by INRA, the world, I simply want to be up to date
National Institute of Agricultural with my level of information and reading
Research, have shown that additional about the world, especially with respect
storage of at least 4 parts per 1000 of to global warming. That is why in 2013
carbon per year in all the farmland in I decided to start farming organically.
the world would make it possible to In 2019 I had the opportunity to join
absorb carbon dioxide (a greenhouse the "Mobilisation d'un réseau d'acteurs
gas) and to limit global warming. pour accompagner la transition
How can we achieve this? By leaving climatique" [Mobilisation of a network of participants to support
as little as possible of the soil without cover. There are several climate transition] project. With Didier Jammes and Karim Riman,
solutions: covering the soil with plants, creating temporary our objective is to store additional carbon (more than 4 parts per
grasslands, practising agro-forestry... 1000 per year) in the soil. These few hectares will not save the
planet, but we need pilot zones to show that it is possible to put
To test these different techniques we have chosen field crops carbon back into the soil.
with a reputation for being poor in organic matter and which
offer a wide margin for manoeuvre. We are working on the active In France 90% of agricultural land is exploited in what we call
microbial biomass in the soil (bacteria, fungi), the phosphorus, conventional farming. The soil is very degraded by this intensive
nitrogen and carbon cycles, etc. The objective is to demonstrate exploitation. I have taken over plots of land which have also emerged
that by the end of three years - which is a very short period for from chemistry. All types of life in the soil (micro-organisms, fungi,
such an ambitious project - carbon storage will have evolved. root systems) have been totally destroyed or reduced by the
In 2021 we will measure the plant height and mass in order to pesticides used before. The objective is to allow living organisms to
calculate the quantity of carbon stored. return to this soil, in particular by replacing carbon in it.
Our ambition is also to publicise our campaign to attenuate We have introduced cover crops and the incorporation of organic
the effects of climate change. We present it on visits to plots of matter into the soils by mechanical destruction of these cover
land in the presence of farmers, organisers of structures, elected crops. After sampling and analysing the soil, we have chosen the
representatives, technicians..." percentage of distribution of grains between species. We have
selected an annual legume (Vicia Ervilia), oats and radish to optimise
the quantity of organic material produced. We are in the initial stage
of this project, which is set to last three years, but we anticipate that
we will obtain conclusive results."
THE REVIEW
of the French Rural network February 2020 15ÉCLAT
To test local agro-ecology with local authorities
“
Erosion of biodiversity, loss of quality in food production, unequal
value distribution in the farming sectors... There are so many
problems encountered nowadays by the rural areas. In order
Linking environmental
to bring out new farming models and to improve the local and
collective implementation of the agro-ecological transition, the
FNCUMA, TRAME, CIVAM, FADEAR networks, the FRCIVAM Pays
de la Loire and the France Nature Environnement association issues, social contract,
have founded ECLAT. In the context of this project, five pilot governance and
functional economic
sites have been selected. "They are experimenting with procedures
for consultation and joint construction of agro-ecological multi-
actor transition policies, methods of collective management of
model.
“
common agro-environmental assets (biodiversity, water, air and soil
quality...) or else new forms of contractualisation such as the MAEC
collective (Agro-environmental and Climatic Measures)," explains
Agnès Le Foulgoc,
Agnès Le Foulgoc, FNCUMA Operations Manager for support FNCUMA Operations Manager
and promotion of innovation. Located in the Ardennes, Indre, the
Loire, the Lot and the Vendée, these sites have been set up by
organisers and farmers' groups in concert with local partners: local identify their complementarities: "We exchange views on our
authorities, environmentalists, businesses, associations, citizens ... support practices, we share our resources and we develop mutual
The purpose of these field trials is "to send proposals up the line, consciousness. This is a very rich programme," confirms Agnès Le
notably for the next CAP." Supporting the transition of systems, Foulgoc. "We also work on exchanging views with MCDR projects,
collective investment, local trials, support for groups, regional especially on ways of supporting the actors on the ground. For
autonomy... example, FNCUMA is a link with the providers of the projects, “Rural
development by cooperation" (see p.18) and TRESSONS (see p.8).
Certain partners of ECLAT have already contributed to the
Globally, their work in the social and solidarity-based economy
formulation of proposals for the development of the future
sector corresponds to what we are seeking for the farming sector:
CAP with the support of the results from the preceding MCDR
a link between the environmental issues, governance of the social
"COLLAGRO" programme (2015-2018). For the project partners,
contract and a functional economic model."
ECLAT is also the opportunity to develop their network and to
Find out more
FNCUMA : Agnès Le Foulgoc
agnes.le-foulgoc@cuma.fr
GDA de la Thiérache – Ardennes : Didier Philippe
gdadethierache@orange.fr
ADAR-CIVAM du Boischaut Sud-Indre : Céline Bihel
bihel.adar.bs@orange.fr
ADDEAR Loire : Carl Waroquiers
carl.addear.42@orange.fr
CUMA Lot Environnement : Charlotte Brousse
charlotte.brousse@fermesdefigeac.coop
GRAPEA CIVAM – Vendée : Vincent Brossillon
grapea.civam85@gmail.com
www.cuma.fr
16 THE REVIEW
of the French Rural network
February 2020Strip till maize sowing methods at the GAEC Pech d'Amont (Labathude, 46)
© Fermes de Figeac
"Exchanging experiences is an inexhaustible "Sharing and gaining recognition for our
gold mine" vision of agriculture"
by Loïc Dekoster, farming mentor and administrator at the by Carl WAROQUIERS, organiser of the group "Seeds and
ADAR-CIVAM of Boischaut Sud (36) territorial autonomy" at the ADDEAR Loire (42)
"On our territory, in Indre, ADAR- "A merger of several groups
CIVAM organises several farmers' of breeders, the "Semences et
networks (Dephy, 30,000...) as well autonomie territoriale" group has
as the Trame Verte et Bleue resource been expanding for five years now.
centre. As a result of the MCDR Today it brings together some fifty
COLLAGRO project we decided, farmers around two main work axes:
with five other farmers, to create a the production and exchange of local
GIEE (Economic And Environmental or farmers' seeds (maize, protein
Interest Group). Today it is made and fodder crops, etc.) and food
up of 16 farmers and the group is involved in ECLAT. Our aim autonomy for herds on the scale of one or more farms. For two
is to integrate the farming mentors within the decision-making years, we have been widening our thematic areas of reflection
bodies - steering and technical committees - of the MAEC (Agro- with the aim of developing breeding systems directed towards
environmental and Climatic Measures) of the Pays de La Châtre agro-ecological farming techniques, in other words, with more
in Berry. With the support of ECLAT, we want to bring to MAEC autonomy to make decisions, a better environmental value and
our experience on the ground, particularly on the conservation with better remuneration.
and improvement of wet grasslands and the mixed woodland
ECLAT is the opportunity for us to stand back with our partners
and pasture, known as the bocage.
(water authorities, Regional Directorates of Food Agriculture and
What we like best about the MCDR project are the opportunities Forestry, regional parks, League for The Protection of Birds, Milk
that it offers to share and exchange experiences. It is an Control Agency, etc.) and reflect on our organisation and the
inexhaustible gold mine. At each meeting, working day or field complex issue of environmental assets. The project also offers us
visit we learn something new. Being confronted with groups the opportunity to send our vision of agriculture up to the public
from all over France with climates, crops and constraints very authorities. The task is formidable. Today, the farming world has
different from ours is very positive. It give us ideas, methods for to face up to important changes and there is great anxiety as
implementing a project or technical tips, which make it possible to the future of farming smallholdings, which are on a human
to break the deadlock. The fact that the networks involved in scale and respect the environment. For example, we want public
ECLAT are inter-connected also provides information on trials of policies to recognise the time spent by farmers in reflecting on
new legislation and many contacts." and experimenting with new practices for the collective."
THE REVIEW
of the French Rural network February 2020 17You can also read
