THE FOOD WEB - Reef Relief
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THE FOOD WEB
Kingdoms
Fungi
Plant
© asfloro/Fotolia
© Muriel Gottrop
Bacteria
Image/iStock
Animal
Protist
University of Cambridge
© WDC
KINGDOM: FUNGI
• They reproduce by spores.
• Fungi lack chlorophyll, cannot perform photosynthesis.
• Fungi store their food in the form of starch.
• They need to absorb nutrients from various organic substances around them.
• This makes them heterotrophs which literally translates to "other feeding,"
Credit: CC0 Public Domain
KINGDOM: BACTERIA
• Bacteria live in almost every type of environment
• Often associated with disease.
• Most bacteria do not cause disease.
• Bacteria are small.
• There are more bacteria in the human gut, than there are body cells.
• Bacteria ensure that our bodies function normally. Mutualistic Relationship!
• Depending on species, nutrition intake may occur through absorption, photosynthesis, or
chemosynthesis
Nehring / Getty Images
KINGDOM: PROTIST
• Some protists are capable of photosynthesis
• Some live-in mutualistic relationships with other protists
• Some are microscopic
• Some are enormous (giant kelp)
• Some are bioluminescent
• Some are responsible for several diseases that occur in plants and animals
• Protists live in aquatic environments, moist land habitats
KINGDOM: PLANT
• Plants are found on land, in oceans, and in fresh water.
• They have been on Earth for millions of years.
• Plants were on Earth before animals and there are currently about 260,000 species.
• Plants have chlorophyll, a green pigment necessary for photosynthesis
• Their cell walls are made sturdy by a material called cellulose
• They are fixed in one place (they don’t move).
Getty Images
KINGDOM: ANIMALIA
• Heterotrophs
• Most ingest food and digest it in an internal cavity
• The bodies of most animals (except sponges) are made up of cells organized
into tissues
• It is estimated that around 9 or 10 million species of animals inhabit the earth
Tahiti Tourisme
BONUS KINGDOM: CHROMISTA
• The name Chromista means "colored”
• Chromista have chlorophyll c
• Do not store their energy in the form of starch.
• Often carry various pigments in addition to chlorophyll, which are not found in plants.
• Essentially, they carry more types of chlorophyll and pigments than plants and protists
Autotroph • An autotroph is an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals. • Because autotrophs produce their own food, they are sometimes called producers. Heterotroph • Heterotrophs are unable to produce organic substances from inorganic ones. • They must rely on an organic source of carbon that has originated as part of another living organism.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• “photo” which means light
• “synthesis” which means putting together
To make food plants need:
•Carbon dioxide
•Water
•Sunlight
•Chlorophyll absorbs the sun’s energy.
•It is this energy that is used to split water molecules into
hydrogen and oxygen.
•Oxygen is released from the leaves into the
atmosphere.
•Hydrogen and carbon dioxide are used to form glucose
or food for plants.
Credit: Photosynthesis educationPRODUCER • The foundation of an ecosystem • Autotrophs, meaning self feeding • They create energy from the sun • We call that photosynthesis • Usually plants Examples: Mangroves, Sea Grass, Zooxanthellae, Pine Trees, Seaweed, Kelp, Moss
CONSUMER
• Cannot make their own food
• Heterotrophs, they receive energy from other organisms
• Primary consumers feed directly on the producer
• Secondary consumer feed on primary consumers
• Tertiary consumer feed on secondary consumers
Source: Science BitzHERBIVORE
• Organisms that feed on plant matter
• Have several stomach chambers and a longer
digestive track to help consume
National Wildlife Federation
Science newsOMNIVORE An organism that eats both plants and meat
CARNIVORE An organism that eats only meat
APEX PREDATOR
• The very top of the food chain
• Their job is to maintain populations
• They are a keystone species, meaning that if you
remove them the entire ecosystem would collapse
Getty ImagesDECOMPOSER
• An organism that feeds on dead, organic material
• Returns nutrients back to the soil for the producers
Nick Hobogood Biology DictionaryKEYSTONE SPECIES
• Critical to the survival of the other species in the system.
• The keystone species could be a huge predator or plant, but without them the
ecosystem may not survive.
• Help to maintain local biodiversity within a community either by controlling
populations of other species that would otherwise dominate
PHOTOGRAPH BY MICHAEL QUINTON / MINDEN PICTURESENERGY IN AN ECOSYSTEM
• Law of Conservation of Energy, states that energy can neither be created nor
destroyed; energy can only be transferred or changed from one form to another.
• Energy originates from the sun
• That energy is then converted to food by producers and moves through the food chain.
• Only 10% of the energy will make it to the next level.
Khan AcademyPrimary Producer
Natural History Museum
Primary Consumer
Sam Dupont
Secondary Consumer
FWC
Tertiary Consumer
Daryl Duda
Apex Predator
Decomposer
Kimberlee BourgeoisYellow Warbler
White Mangrove
Hawk
Bee
Algae
Mangrove Snapper
Lemon Shark
Mangrove CrabSeagrass
Green Sea Turtle Bull Shark
Algae
Lemon Shark
Snapper
Shrimp
CormorantPhytoplankton
Coral
Zooplankton
Algae
Rainbow Parrotfish
Sea sponge
Hawksbill
Coral Shrimp Moray Eel
Grunt Grouper
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