The Effect of Emotional Intelligence Education on the Prevention of Adolescent Delinquency in Indonesia - Open Journal Systems
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Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, July-September 2021, Vol. 15, No. 3 3547
The Effect of Emotional Intelligence Education on the
Prevention of Adolescent Delinquency in Indonesia
Maryati Tombokan1, Naharia Laubo2, Rahman3, Hafni Van Gobel4, Muh. Ardi5
1Associate Professor in Nursing Department of Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health in Makassar and Researcher
in the Center of Excellent on Urban Health of Health Polytechnic of Ministry of Health in Makassar, Indonesia,
2Associate Professor, 3Assistant Professor in Nursing Department of Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health in
Makassar, 4Assistant Professor in Nursing Department of Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health in Gorontalo,
5
Assistant Professor in Nursing Department of Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health in Makassar
Abstract
Objective: The research objective was to determine the differences in the emotional intelligence level
of vocational school (VHS) students before and after being given education on adolescent delinquency
prevention in Gowa, South Sulawesi Province, and Gorontalo, Gorontalo Province. Method: Pre Experiment
research method with Two Group Pre Test and Post Test Control Design. Sampling with purposive sampling
with a total number of respondents 110 people. Data collection used a questionnaire to measure emotional
intelligence and identify the form of adolescent delinquency using a Likert scale, data analysis using
Wilcoxon analysis to see the level of emotional intelligence before education, and Mann-Whitney analysis
test, after education. Result: The results showed that there were differences before and after education in
VHS Gowa students, but there was no difference in emotional intelligence before and after education on
VHS Gorontalo students, there was no difference in Emotional Intelligence between the intervention and
control groups before and after education and there was no difference. student delinquency both in the
intervention group and control group before and after emotional intelligence education. Conclusion: The
recommendations that can be given are the importance of parental supervision of students, especially in
choosing friends to do activities outside the home, and cross-sectoral cooperation is needed in promotive and
preventive efforts supervision and control of all forms of adolescent or student delinquency.
Keywords: Education; Emotional Intelligence; Adolescent Delinquency
Introduction commit acts of delinquency. This can be influenced by
negative frustration, impaired observation and response,
Adolescence (Adolescence) is a period where there
impaired thinking and intelligence, emotional and
is a transition from childhood to adulthood, usually
feeling disorders.3
between 13-20 years.1
Adolescent delinquency is the result of a very
Many teenagers are unable to manage their
unstable mental upheaval where adolescent delinquency
emotions effectively. Adolescents who are less able
leads to deviant behavior.3 A national survey in
to regulate their emotions can trigger problems such
Indonesia found that the prevalence rate of deviant
as adolescent delinquency. Emotional conditions that
behavior at the VHS level during the past year was
are less stable and always on fire cause adolescents to
2.4%.4 Youth Tobacco global survey data conducted
in 50 schools showed the prevalence of students who
Corresponding Author:
Maryati Tombokan had smoked at 33%. The previous research5 found that
Email : maryati@poltekkes-mks.ac.id 37% of 70 million teenagers in Indonesia were smokers.
Contact No.: +62 85299838558 Data from the Ministry of Health shows that the number3548 Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, July-September 2021, Vol. 15, No. 3
of adolescents consuming alcohol in Indonesia, based institutions such as the police, The National Narcotics
on the results of research conducted by GENAM (the Agency, the Indonesian Child Protection Commission
National Anti-Alcohol Act), has jumped drastically to and related agencies both cross-sectorally and across
reach 14.4 million people (23%) of the total number of programs in producing the next generation who are
teenagers in Indonesia.6 physically and mentally healthy, especially teenagers.
Based on preliminary study research conducted by Method
researchers in June 2019, observations and interviews
This research is a Pre Experiment Two Group Pre
were conducted with several guidance and counseling
Test-Post Test Design.8 The sample size used was 62
teachers at VHS in Gowa, saying that based on the
people using the formula for unpaired categorical analytic
counseling guidance notebook for 2 semesters, it was
research.9 The sampling technique was carried out by
found that male and female students were approximately
using purposive sampling, because of the researcher’s
17% of students did adolescent delinquency behavior.
consideration that research was carried out during the
Data obtained from the Gorontalo Regional Police
Covid-19 pandemic, so researchers selected samples by
Resort found that there were 18 criminal cases found
paying attention to inclusion criteria and health protocols,
by students in the Gorontalo area for the period 2017
and equipped with screening (early detection) by digging
to 2019 consisting of 4 cases of theft, 1 case of regular
up information on the record data about students who
persecution, 8 cases of serious maltreatment, 1 case of
have problems or who have committed deviant behavior
murder and 4 cases of using sharp weapons.
or delinquency (Delicacy). When the researchers took
One aspect that stands out during this period of to the field in determining the sample, the research team
adolescence is the emotional aspect. Emotion is the was still constrained by the conditions of the Covid-19
body’s reaction in response to a situation or event that pandemic so that the research subjects obtained for the
occurs in the environment, emotion is a state caused city of Gorontalo were 55 respondents divided into the
by a certain stimulus or situation that causes behavior intervention group of 24 people and control as many as
to occur in adolescents, during adolescence students 31 people. While the research subjects in Gowa were
are often irritable, irritable and their emotions easily 55 people who were divided into the intervention group
explode (grumble, speak loudly and criticize) and do not 31 people and the control group 24 people so that the
try to control feelings and have no concern.7 total number of respondents for both locations was 110
people, determining the size of the sample.
From some of the data and cases above related
to emotional control and adolescent delinquency, it The data collection tool in this study used a
shows that this factor needs serious attention from the questionnaire guideline for the emotional intelligence
government and related agencies because its impact can scale adopted by researchers based on the five aspects
affect the future of adolescents as the next generation of of emotional intelligence.10 So that this instrument is a
the nation and state, therefore raising awareness, insight, standard instrument, which does not need to be tested
and knowledge to families, communities, and teachers for validity and reliability. These aspects include self-
as educators in the school environment, education awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy,
and collaboration are needed, especially through and social skills. For the measurement of adolescent
mental health counseling to increase the intelligence delinquency using research instruments adapted from
of adolescents through monitoring, guidance and existing instruments.11
counseling both from parents, schools and from legalIndian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, July-September 2021, Vol. 15, No. 3 3549
Results
The inferential analysis had been performed on the data collected and the results explain detailed below:
Table 1. Comparison of Emotional Intelligence After Education Between Intervention and Control Groups.
(N=110)
Emotional Intelligence n Mean Rank Z p
Gowa
Intervention group 31 25.45 -1.534 0.125*
Control group 24 31.29
Gorontalo
Intervention group 24 29.44 -1.302 0.193*
Control group 31 26.89
Table 1 shows that the results of the emotional intelligence statistical test for VHS students in Gowa using the
Mann-Whitney U test obtained a value of p = 0.125 (p> 0.05) indicating that there was no difference in emotional
intelligence between the intervention group and the control group after intelligence education was carried out.
emotions. The same thing was found in VHS students in Gorontalo, the obtained value of p = 0.193 (p> 0.05)
indicates that there is no difference in emotional intelligence between the intervention group and the control group
after emotional intelligence education.
Table 2. Comparison of adolescent delinquency after education between intervention and control groups.
(N=110)
Adolescent delinquency n Mean Rank Z p
Gowa
Intervention group 31 26.50 -1.553 0.120*
Control group 24 29.16
Gorontalo
Intervention group 24 28.82 -0.675 0.500*
Control group 31 26.94
Table 2 shows that the results of the adolescent in adolescent delinquency between the intervention
delinquency statistical test for VHS students in Gowa group and the control group after intelligence education
using the Mann-Whitney U test obtained a value of was carried out. emotions. The same thing was found
p=0.120 (p>0.05) indicating that there was no difference in VHS students in Gorontalo, the obtained value of3550 Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, July-September 2021, Vol. 15, No. 3
p=0.500 (p>0.05) showed that there was no difference Comparison of emotional intelligence before and
in adolescent delinquency between the intervention after education in VHSs Gowa students. From the
group and the control group after emotional intelligence Wilcoxon test analysis, it was found that p-value =
education. 0.003, or p-value 0.05, means that there is no difference in emotional intelligence in contributing to success someone.16
intelligence before and after education in VHS students
Mental health education given to students was able
in Gorontalo. Education is all efforts that are planned
to increase students’ emotional intelligence where 73.7%
to influence other people, be they individuals, groups,
had moderate emotional intelligence. Students show the
or communities so that they do what is expected by
ability to recognize self-emotion, the ability to manage
education actors.12 The goal of mental health education
emotions, even though they are angry with others and the
as education for students or adolescents is to improve
ability to motivate themselves, encourage themselves to
the emotional intelligence of adolescents to carry out
do something good, have high hopes and optimism in
delinquency acts (delinquency), although education has
doing activities, and can recognize people’s emotions
been carried out, the results of the study show that there
In developing interpersonal relationships, this was
is no difference or effect on adolescent delinquency in
obtained after the researcher carried out exercises with
the city of Gorontalo. Several factors can influence the
progressive relaxation exercises as an effort to reduce
occurrence both internally and externally.13
the level of tension and minimize stressors experienced
If it is related to the results of the study where 89.1% by students before participating in training or education.
of respondents were female, this shows the identity of
Comparison of emotional intelligence after
someone who plays an important role as an internal
education between the intervention and control groups in
factor of the adolescent himself in knowing himself. In
VHS students in Gowa and Gorontalo. The results of the
Erikson’s theory of development, a teenager at the stage
emotional intelligence statistical test for VHS students
of identity will fight the uncertainty of their role and will
in Gowa using the Mann-Whitney U test obtained a
try to present a different figure in each different context.
value of p = 0.125 (p> 0.05) indicating that there was
Teens will feel aware of their inconsistencies and will
no difference in emotional intelligence between the
ask themselves who I am, and what other people’s views
intervention group and the control group. The same thing
on them.14
was found in VHSs students, the value of p = 0.193 or p>
High emotional intelligence in adolescents can 0.05 indicated that there was no difference between the
consider carefully in determining behavior.10 The intervention group and the control group after education.
position of the child in the family also gives the meaning
Emotional intelligence can be said as a psychological
of identity to adolescents where 36.4% of students were
ability that can be possessed by individuals. Different
found to be the eldest child in the family. The eldest son
levels of individuals stand out and there are also low
has a great responsibility towards his younger siblings
levels of intelligence. The results of statistical tests
and can provide a good example in behavior so that the
from the two locations (Gowa and Gorontalo) show that
position of the eldest son has high emotional intelligence
there is no difference before and after education. The
and is more mature in making decisions, it is better not
purpose of emotional intelligence education is given to
to commit deviant behavior.
students to provide enlightenment to open insights and
increase knowledge and skills in managing emotions.Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, July-September 2021, Vol. 15, No. 3 3551
Students can grow and develop into mentally healthy leave childish attitudes and behaviors to achieve the
and productive individuals who can affect the level ability to behave and behave in an adult manner, the
of intellectual intelligence in achieving success in characteristics of adolescent delinquency are present-
the future. Adolescents with high levels of emotional oriented, have fun, and are satisfied today, they do not
intelligence can control their emotions.10 want to prepare life provisions for tomorrow, no can
plan and most of them are emotionally disturbed.19
Comparison of adolescent delinquency before and
after emotional intelligence education on students of Comparison of adolescent delinquency before
VHS Gorontalo. To see the comparison of adolescent and after emotional intelligence education in students
delinquency in Gorontalo before education was carried of VHSs in Gowa. For Gowa, in general, adolescents
out, it was not much different for students in the Gowa. have delinquency before education is carried out, this
The data shows that there are 46 people (93.9%) who do is evidenced by the data obtained by 44 people (83.4%)
not have delinquency but after education, there are still students who are still naughty but after education, there
3 people (6.1%) who still show delinquency. From the are still 9 people (17.0%) who still have delinquency
results of statistical tests, it was obtained that the test records. The Wilcoxon test results obtained p-value = 0.00
value was p = 0, 000 (p3552 Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, July-September 2021, Vol. 15, No. 3
and fighting with friends. From the results of statistical carried out by students and direct them to positive and
tests, it shows that there is no difference in adolescent useful activities according to the needs and interests of
delinquency between the intervention group and the students. Emotional intelligence still needs to be trained,
control group after education (p> 0.5) after education, managed, and developed intensively because emotional
but several factors play an important role in deviant intelligence has a fairly close continuity with the quality
behavior in adolescent delinquency. of life and healthy mental development.
Family is one consistent cause of naughty Conclusion
adolescents (Delicacy). Some family factors include the
There are differences in emotional intelligence
absence of communication between families, disputes
before and after education in students of VHSs in Gowa.
between families, wrong education or parenting from
There is no difference in emotional intelligence before
parents, over-indulging children, lack of religious
and after education for VHS students in Gorontalo. There
education, rejection of children’s existence, harsh but
was no difference in emotional intelligence between the
inconsistent discipline.14
intervention and control groups before and after education
However, it is emphasized that, in addition to the for both students of Gowa and Gorontalo. There are
factors mentioned above, predisposing factors are very differences in adolescent delinquency before and after
influential on the occurrence of adolescent delinquency.21 education for VHS students in Gowa and Gorontalo.
The occurrence of adolescent delinquency is a child born There was no difference between the intervention and
to a family that is less prosperous or mentally disturbed, control groups before and after education for students
a sense of rejection from the family, lack of parental of VHSs in Gowa and Gorontalo. The recommendations
supervision can lead adolescents into delinquent that can be given are the importance of parental
behavior. supervision of students, especially in choosing friends
to do activities outside the home, and cross-sectoral
The direct impact of adolescent delinquency is the cooperation is needed in promotive and preventive
existence of legal acceptance or sanctions if adolescents efforts supervision and control of all forms of adolescent
commit acts of violating existing laws, rules, and or student delinquency
norms. Besides, the impact of adolescent delinquency
can reduce public trust in deviant behavior and the Conflict of Interest: There was no conflict of
involvement of adolescent delinquency can reduce interest regarding this study and publication.
academic achievement which can hinder the success
Ethical Clearance: This study has been ethically
and productivity of future adolescents. Therefore, to
approved and allowed by the Regional Investment and
overcome or prevent adolescents from falling into
Coordination Board of South Sulawesi in Makassar.
delinquent behavior or other forms of irregularities,
early religious training is needed, providing exemplary Source of Funding: This research was funded by
examples to adolescents, choosing the right environment, Health Polytechnic of Ministry of Health in Makassar
the need for intensive parental supervision, creating a Budget Year in 2020.
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