The Apollo Bay Trail Evi Janse de Jonge - Student no: 29968895, UPD4002 The Ecological City, Monash University
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The Apollo Bay Trail
Evi Janse de Jonge
Student no: 29968895, UPD4002 The Ecological City, Monash University
Summary
Introduction construction of a trail between Skenes
The Great Ocean Road celebrates its Creek and Fairhaven.
Skenes Creek
100 year anniversary this year. The 243 The proposed shared walking and cycling
kilometre road was constructed along trail aims for the following outcomes:
the Victorian coastline by World War I
returning soldiers and is therefore the 1. Connectivity
largest War Memorial in the world. The
road connected the once isolated towns, • Connect Great Ocean Walk with Skenes
which are now crowded by tourists. Last Creek to Fairhaven trail
year, more than 6 million people drove • Connect Apollo Bay town centre with Apollo Bay
the scenic drive.1 This immensive tourism foreshore and existing trails
puts its pressure on the region. Besides, • Improve signage and route of the Great
climate change impacts the area heavily Ocean Walk Image 1: Proposed
and is expected to do so even more in the • Make the harbour easier to find and connection between
Great Ocean Walk Marengo
near future. At various points, the road is accessible for tourists and community
(south) and currently
damaged by landslides and sanddunes investigated trail
erode quickly. 2. Resilience between Skenes N
Creek and Fairhaven
This project focuses on Apollo Bay and its • The trail is constructed with (north).
surrounding area within the Great Ocean sustainable, locally produced material
Road region. Approximately 1600 people • At certain points along the beach, the
live permanently in this coastal town. The trail can serve as a seawall to prevent
town experiences dramatic beach erosion the beach and dunes from erosion
(image 2) and some areas are subject to • At other points, the trail will be elevated
flooding. It is also a popular lunch stop and therefore allow for flooding
for daytrip tourists. In summer, around 30 underneath
buses stop in Apollo Bay at lunch time,
which puts its pressure on the currently 3. Economic benefits
existing infrastructure, such as toilets and
bins. The town also provides the start of • Attract tourists to Apollo Bay to stay
the world-famous Great Ocean Walk. overnight
• Attract more hikers and cyclists to the
This project proposes a shared walking Great Ocean Road region in general
and cycling trail along the foreshore of • Stimulate daytrip tourists to spend more
Apollo Bay to Marengo (image 1). The time in Apollo Bay and its harbour
trail will not only follow the beach, but will
also go out in the sea and inlands. The 4. Health benefits
trail can be used as an alternative route
for the first few kilometers of the Great • Encourage active modes of transport
Ocean Walk. It will connect with this walk • Provide a safer alternative route for Image 2: Tuxion car
park in Apollo Bay
in Marengo and on the northern end it will cyclists who are now riding on The
after a storm in June
connect with the currently investigated Great Ocean Road 2018.2
Regional map
Proposal within local setting
Skenes Creek
1 Hotspot
Great Ocean Walk
Coastal Trail Study route
1 Proposed Trail type 1
Apollo Bay
Proposed Trail type 2
2
Proposed Trail type 3
3
Proposed Trail type 4
Ocean
Marengo
Urban Area
Green area
N
0,2 0,5 1 2 4
Image 3
The current situation
Identifying the challenges of Apollo Bay
Apollo Bay faces several issues that this projects aims to address. The challenges are
classified into four broader topics; lack of connectivity, environmental vulnerability, the
costs but not the benefits of tourism and infrastructural congestion.
Image 5 (left): Beach
erosion in Apollo
Bay.
Image 6 (right):
1. Lack of connectivity 2. Environmental vulnerability Beach access
interrupted by Great
The world-famous Great Ocean Walk The beach of Apollo Bay experiences Ocean Road.
starts right next to Apollo Bay’s tourist dramatic erosion (image 8). On the
information centre on the foreshore. It is northside of the town, fences have been
unclear however in which direction the placed to prevent the existing footpath
trail commences. There is no clear path from collapsing (image 5). Another
to follow and the route sometimes gets environmental issue is the high chance
interrupted (image 7). The Apollo Bay’s of flooding. This risk is mainly located on
Surf Lifesaving Club forms a major barrier the southside of the town, between Apollo
on the route. Bay and Marengo. With a sealevel rise
Another issue is the poor connection of 2 meters, most of this area including
between the foreshore and the towns’ camping grounds and Apollo Bays’
mainstreet Collingwood St. recreation Reserve will be flooded.
3. The costs but not the benefits of tourism
Apollo Bay is a popular lunchstop for
daytrip tourists. Especially in peak
season, these tourists put pressure on
the existing infrastructure. Except for Image 7: Great
lunch, tourists do not spend their money Ocean Walk in Apollo
Bay.
in Apollo Bay. The town lacks activities to
attract visitors to stay overnight. There is
also a lack of hiking and mountainbiking
trails starting from the town.3 Skenes Creek
Image 4: Pedestrian crossings on Collingwood St.
4. Infrastructural congestion
The above image shows the only
two existing pedestrian crossings on Most people visit the Great Ocean Road
Collingwood St. Especially on busy days either by car or bus tour. Tourists often
this street gets conjested, resulting in take the same route, entering Apollo
unsafe situations. There is also no paved Bay on the Northside and then driving
Very high erodibility
footpath going to the harbour. through Collingwood St. to continue their Apollo Bay Moderate erodibility
Currently, the possible construction of a
Low erodibility
journey towards the Twelve Apostles.
new walking trail between Skenes Creek
Great Ocean Road
As mentioned before, Apollo Bay is a
and Fairhaven is being studied. This trail popular lunch stop. In peak season,
Ocean
will connect with the Surf Coast Walk, but the town can not cope with the influx of Urban Boundary
there is a gap between Skenes Creek automobiles. There is not enough parking Marengo
and Apollo Bay (image 3). There is no and Collingwood St. gets very conjested.
Green Space N
continuous footpath existent between Image 8: Erodibility
There is no adequate parking and bins 0,5 1 2 4
of Apollo Bay’s
these towns. and toilets are overused. coast.4
Proposal
The four trail types
The Apollo Bay trail is a shared walking and cycling trail running between Skenes
Creek and Marengo (image 3). Inspired by the Brisbane Riverwalk, there is a dedicated
lane for both cyclists and pedestrians. The physical separation of both groups is very
important as research shows this increases safety and convenience for both groups.5
Depending on the specific location of the trail, it can take various forms to contribute
to the earlier outlined environmental outcomes and to provide an attractive scenic trail.
The exact locations of the trail types can be found on image 3. The images below each
type are case studies and can be used as an inspiration. The following four types of
trails are proposed:
1. Regular trail 2. Seawall 3. Out in the ocean 4. Elevated in wetland
The first type of trail is the most Apollo Bay’s beach is subjected to heavy The third path type will be constructed out The fourth type of trail is proposed to be
straightforward one. This type is proposed erosion (image 8). In order to prevent in the ocean, close to the foreshore. As constructed in the wetlands between
to be implemented within the Apollo Bay the sand dunes and beach from erosion the ocean is rough, it is advised to create Marengo and Apollo Bay. Here, the
Foreshore Reserve. Providing a main and the trail from collapsing, the trail an elevated, anchored bridge with railing Barham River meanders into the ocean
trail with smaller paths connecting the could serve as a seawall along the coast on both sides. This type will be used to and the landscape forms a green wedge
beach and Collingwood St., creates a where there is very high erodibility. The get pedestrians and cyclists around the between the two towns. The area is
clear hierarchy. By doing so, people can design of this seawall should be done with Apollo Bay Golf Club and the Marengo targeted by the Colac Shire Council as a
easily access the beach from the town. consideration to the natural environment. Holiday park. Besides the scenic lookouts priority flood risk area. If sea level rises
Continuing the trail on to the harbour this trail will provide, the benefits of this with 2 meters, this area will be completely
will stimulate visitors to walk or ride The seawall in Vancouver shown type is to create a more convenient, high flooded. By elevating the trail, the land
there, making Apollo Bay overall a more below, could be taken as an example. standard and easier to follow route. It below can still flood without damaging the
attractive and exctiting place to visit. It will It is a Corten steel seawall with dune can be used as a subsitute for the Great path. The path will also connect the two
also benefit the local economy, once the grasses and pine shrubs. The costs Ocean Walk. The existing route of this towns in times of flooding, whereas the
harbour has been redeveloped. are comparable to a standard concrete walk is not clearly marked and crosses Great Ocean Road will be under water.
seawall. The Corten steel will dissolve a residential area of Apollo Bay. Once
after 75 to 100 years, making it “just as hikers arrive in Marengo, they have to
mutable as the rest of the water-mitigating walk through a caravan park before a
boulders on the beach”.6 dedicated walking trail starts.
Image 9 (left): The Image 11 (left):
Fredriksdal Quay, Brisbane Riverwalk.9
Denmark.7
Image 12 (right):
Image 10 (right): Pedreira do Campo,
Seawall Vancouver.8 Portugal.10
Proposal
Hotspot 1 - Apollo Bay foreshore Reserve Map hotspot 1 - Apollo Bay foreshore Reserve
As shown on image 3, the proposed trail has three targeted hotspots. These are areas
that are interesting and attractive spots for tourists to visit. All three hotspots will be
presented on the next 6 pages, showing conceptual maps on the left page and more Starting point Great Ocean
Walk
detailed maps and case studies on the right page. Main route proposed trail
Connecting paths
proposed trail
Great Ocean Walk
Ocean
Urban Boundary
N
Green Space
Image 13:
Conceptual aspired
connection Apollo Image 15: Proposed
Bay and the route Apollo Bay
foreshore. Foreshore Reserve.
One of the major issues for Apollo Bay paths connecting the trail with the beach
is the poor connection between the main and Collingwood St. (image 15). The case
street and the foreshore. There are only study about the Bow RiverWalk, could
two crossings for pedestrians (image 4), serve as an inspiration.
resulting in chaos on Collingwood St. on Case study: Bow RiverWalk
busy days. The proposed shared bicycle- The new trail can be used as a substitute The City of Calgary aimed to give their
walking trail will go through Apollo Bay’s for the Great Ocean Walk, which starts River District its own identity and a
foreshore Reserve. In order to attract next to the Visitor’s Centre. It is important sense of place. The RiverWalk was part
tourists, but also local residents to use that there is clear signage provided. of a broader masterplan for the area
the proposed trail, the path needs to be Besides road signs, more subtle signs and now serves as a commuter route
well-connected with Apollo Bay’s town as shown below, could provide more for pedestrians and cyclists. The path
centre as well as the beach. There need guidance. reconnects Calgary’s CBD and the East
to be more pedestrian crossings and the Village District. It also provides a place for
trail needs to be visible from Collingwood residents of the city to gather with fellow
St. The trail should also connect with the citizens and enjoy the waterfront. The
existing cycling network in Apollo Bay to design is resilient, preventing the area
allow riding residents to make use of the from erosion, overflow and flooding by
trail. using plants, bioengineering and concrete
walls. The construction of the RiverWalk
The current pedestrian paths in the costed nearly $25 million AUD, but the
Reserve are winding and there is no overall profit outcomes of the districts’
hierarchy. The proposed trail is a wide, Masterplan is estimated at almost a billion
Image 14: Signage Image 16: Bow
major pathway in the area, with smaller Great Ocean Walk. RiverWalk, Canada.11 dollars. 12
Proposal
Hotspot 2 - Apollo Bay Harbour Map hotspot 2 - Apollo Bay Harbour
Apollo Bay Harbour
Nelson S Bre
t. akw
ater
Rd
Main route proposed trail
Connecting paths
proposed trail
Great Ocean Walk
Golf course
Ocean
Urban Boundary
Image 17 Aspired N
Green Space
connection foreshore Image 18: Proposed
Apollo Bay and the route Apollo Bay
harbour. Harbour.
The harbour of Apollo Bay is an important The Apollo Bay trail is going to connect
hub in the region. Apollo Bay is the the harbour with Apollo Bay’s town centre.
crayfish capital of the Great Ocean Road. The trail will continue from the foreshore
The harbour has been built in the 1950s Reserve on to Nelson St. To accomodate
and now has a heritage overlay. The both cyclists and pedestrians and due
Colac Otway Shire Council is currently to the limited space because of the golf Case study: Chek Jawa Boardwalk
working on a redevelopment plan for the course, the best option is to implement the On a rustic island in Singapore, the Chek
precint. A couple of priority activities that trail on Nelson St. and to make the street Jawa Boardwalk swings around the cape
are suggested to be implemented include a one-way street for cars. The trail can out in the ocean. The trail is 1.1 kilometre
crayfish tours, a spa, a coffee shop and a then commence via Breakwater Rd until it long and it is built in an intertidal area.
sailing club.13 The long-term goal of the is going out in the ocean. The construction was part of a longt-term
Council and the community is to make the sustainable visitor management plan. The
harbour more economically viable and It is important that tourists visiting Apollo island has a rich biodiversity with fragile
attractive. Bay are excited to visit the harbour and marine ecosystems. CPG Consultants
that they are able to find it. The placement designed the redeveloment of the area,
There is no paved footpath connecting the of a monolith on the foreshore Reserve trying to have a minimal inpact on the
Apollo Bay town centre and foreshore with with a map and the activities listed, could environment and keeping costs as low as
the harbour. There is a small opening on help to attract more visitors. There should possible.15
the beach allowing people to walk up the also be adequate bicycle parking facilities
pier, but this is not an accessible entrance at the harbour.
for disabled people or parents with prams.
Image 19: Chek
The only alternative is to drive to the
Jawa boardwalk,
harbour. Singapore.14
Proposal
Hotspot 3 - The Backwater Map hotspot 3 - The Backwater
The Backwater
ngo
Mare Main route proposed trail
Great Ocean Walk
Marengo
Holiday Great Ocean Road
Park
Ocean
Image 20: Aspired Urban Boundary
connection Apollo N
Green Space
Bay, The Backwater Image 21: Proposed
and Great Ocean route through The
Walk. Backwater.
The Backwater forms the green wedge The Apollo Bay trail is going to cross
between Apollo Bay and Marengo. This the Great Ocean Road and the Barham
is the area wheren the Barham River river on the north side. The trail will then
flows in the ocean. The wetland has enter the wetlands. Because of the risk
an environmental significance overlay of flooding and the soggy soil, the trail
because the vulnerable Australian should be elevated (trail type 4). The trail Case study: Pedreira do Campo
Grayling habitates in the river, migrating will then join the coastline again closer to The pedestrian bridge in Portugal is
between the ocean and the freshwater of Marengo. It will swing around Marengo located on Vila Do Porto, a Portugese
the Barham River. Holiday Park, so that Great Ocean Walk island located in the Atlantic Ocean. The
hikers do not have to cross the caravan site is a natural monument, known for its
The wetland is subject to flooding. park anymore. The proposed trail can end oceanic fossils abundance. The goal of
Riverine flooding and flash flooding are with stairs for pedestrians, and a turning the project is to preserve the landscape
the main risks. This usually happends point for cyclists. A rest area for trail users and its indentity and at the same time to
after heavy rainfall. Besides this current could also be implemented here, with educate visitors. The organic form of the
threat, there is a long-term risk coming a stunning view on the wild ocean, the structure stimulates the visual aspect. The
from the rising sealevel. With a sealevel Marengo Reefs Marine Sanctuary and a trail ends with a viewpoint on the ocean.17
rise of 2 meters, most of this area possible view on whales and other marine
including camping grounds and Apollo wildlife.
Bays’ recreation Reserve will be flooded.
Image 22: Pedreira
do Campo,
Portugal.16
Implementation
Policy and planning analysis
The next four pages describe the planning implementation of the Apollo Bay trail. The
trail will be implemented on the short-term and managed by the newly established
Great Ocean Road Coast and Parks Authority.
Planning Policy Framework ‘Rural Conservation Zone’. These zones
Within the Victorian Planning Provisions and overlays recognize the quality and
there are several Planning Policy importance of the environment. The
Framework documents that are relevent coastline and foreshore of both Apollo
to this proposal. Clause 11.03-5R outlines Bay and Marengo fall under the ‘Public Proposed trail
the objective, strategies and relevant Conservation And Resource Zone’. This
Road Zone Category 1
policy documents for the Great Ocean zone is safe from private development and
Road region. Some of the key outcomes serves to “provide facilities which assist in Rural Conservation Zone
of the document relevant to the Apollo Bay public education and interpretation of the
Rural Activity Zone
trail are: natural environment”.19
Industrial 1 Zone
• Manage the impact of development The Apollo Bay’s Visitor Centre, the
on catchments and coastal areas, the Apollo Bay harbour, a tree and a fountain Public Use Zone
environmental and cultural values of located on the foreshore Reserve all Special Use Zone
the area have a heritage overlay. This means
that it is highly unlikely that the Colac Neighbourhood
Residential Zone
• Encourage sustainable tourism and Otway Shire Council will grant a permit
resource for developements that remove or affect
General Residential Zone
these structures. Image 23: Land Commercial Zone
N
• Respect the character of coastal Zones and
towns and promoting best practice Connecting to the wider region Overlays.20
design The proposed trail length between Skenes
Creek and Marengo is approximately Skenes
Zones and overlays 10 kilometres. In order to create a Creek
The whole of the foreshore and harbour long distance route and multiple route
of Apollo Bay and Marengo is Crown options for cyclists, it is important that the
Land. The Victorian State Government proposed trail connects with the currently
is responsible for managing this Crown investigated Skenes Creek to Fairhaven
Land and it should provide environmental, Coastal Trail. A draft concept of this trail
social, cultural and economic benefits has recently been published. The studied
to the people of Victoria.18 Most of the trail is suitable for both walking and
proposed trail will be implemented on mountainbike riding. There are several
Crown Land, except for the Backwater concepts of mountainbike trails starting on
located between Marengo and Apollo Bay. this proposed trail in Wye River and Lorne Apollo Bay
that will connect with Forrest, a village in
The Backwater between Apollo Bay and the Great Otway National Park, where
Marengo including some parts of the many mountainbike trails are already
Great Ocean Road have a ‘Land Subject existent. After the implementation of both Proposed trail
to Inundation’ Overlay. The Barham River the Skenes Creek to Fairhaven trail and Marengo Government roads
and its surrounding has an ‘Environmental the proposed Apollo Bay trail, the trails N
Significance Overlay’ and a ‘Significant should be included in current trail maps, Crown Land
Image 24: Crown
Landscape Overlay’. It falls under the tourism websites and brochures. Land.21
Implementation
Governance and timeline
The Great Ocean Road Present final project plan Survey use of trail,
The Great Ocean Road Coast and Parks Authority and inform community investigate further changes
Coast and Parks Authority advocates for federal and
and expension of routes
commences Develop draft plan state government funds
Start community
consultation Opening Apollo
Bay trail
Create final project
plan
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
Construction trail
Process community commences
consultation
feedback Process community
Start community consultation feedback
Undertake trail study consultation
Responsible authority • Manage, protect, rehabilitate and Although the exact areas of coverage as the environmental challenges are
Flowing from the Great Ocean Road foster resilience of the natural, cultural yet has to be decided, the fact that currently forming a risk for Apollo Bay.
Action Plan, the Victorian Government and heritage values of coastal Crown the new authority is going to manage Tourism is expected to grow only more in
recently announced the establishment land and marine waters along the coastal Crown land and marine waters the next years and it is important for the
of a new and independent statutory Great Ocean Road along the Great Ocean Road makes township to receive the benefits from this
authority: “The Great Ocean Road Coast this project fall under the responsibility tourism, instead of only paying the costs.
and Parks Authority”. Over the past years, • Environmentally sustainable visitation of The Great Ocean Road Coast and
a transparant and decisive overarching management for the National Parks Authority. The trail also addresses Community engagement
authority has been missing. There are Heritage listed length of the Great all three purposes outlined by the State Apollo Bay has a strong and engaged
currently 11 different authorities in charge Ocean Road to improve the visitor Government and would therefore be a community. For the quality of the
of different locations in the area. Not one experience and manage visitation good first project for the new authority. It proposed trail and the community as a
agency has the authority to manage land ‘hot spots’ a ‘coordinator-general’ is expected that the authority commences whole, it is important to receive feedback
and waters along the full length of the like function to coordinate the timely mid to late 2020. Traditional Owners will from community members. Community
Great Ocean Road. and efficient delivery of government be part of the board of the new Authority. engagament will be organized twice
investment (such as visitor facilities The new Authority will have community throughout the project process. This
The purpose of the new authority and infrastructure), to minimise the and environment advisory committees should take various forms, such as an
is outlined by the Victorian State resultant disruption and inconvenience appointed at a later date. online platform, a presentation night and
Government as follow: to travellers and local communities, drop-in sessions at various times and
and to deliver government Timeline locations in Apollo Bay, Marengo, Colac
construction projects The above timeline shows the general and Skenes Creek.
timeframe the project should be
• To recognise and protect the land and completed within. It is important that the
ocean of the area.22 project gets carried out on the short-term,References 1 Martin, L. (2019). After 100 years, the Great Ocean Road is feeling the strain. The Guardian. Retrieved from: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/sep/19/after-100- years-the-great-ocean-road-is-feeling-the-pressure-of-being-loved-to-death 2 Fillmore, P. (2018). Large stretches of beach at Apollo Bay and Marengo were washed away in winter storms. ABC News. Retrieved from: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-08-26/ erosion-at-a-carpark-along-the-beach-at-apollo-bay/10164494 3 Great Ocean Road Regional Tourism Ltd. (2018). Apollo Bay. Destination Action Plan 2018-2020. Retrieved from: https://www.greatoceanroadtourism.org.au/wp-content/up- loads/2018/11/Apollo-Bay-DAP-2018-2020.pdf 4 CoastAdapt (2019). Coastal Risk Australia. Retrieved from: http://coastalrisk.com.au/ 5 Hatfield, J., & Prabhakharan, P. (2016). An investigation of behaviour and attitudes rele- vant to the user safety of pedestrian/cyclist shared paths. Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour, 40, 35-47. 6 Mortice, Z. (2015). A Seawall That Proves Strong Infrastructure Can Be Pretty, Too. Retrieved from: https://www.citylab.com/design/2015/12/seawall-proves-strong-infrastructure- can-be-pretty/419379/ 7 Nivå Landskapsarkitektur (n.d.). Fredriksdalskajen. Retrieved from: http://landezine. com/index.php/2018/10/fredriksdalskajen-by-niva-landskapsarkitektur/ 8 Swanky, T. (2015). Metamorphous-by-Paul-Sangha-Landscape-Architecture-08. Re- trieved from: https://aasarchitecture.com/2015/12/metamorphous-by-paul-sangha-landscape-ar- chitecture.html/metamorphous-by-paul-sangha-landscape-architecture-08/ 9 Brisbane City Council (2019). An artist’s impression of the Botanic Gardens River- walk. Retrieved from: https://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/traffic-and-transport/roads-infrastruc- ture-and-bikeways/current-bikeway-and-pathway-projects/brisbane-city-botanic-gardens-river- walk 10 Silva, A. (2014). Pedreira Do Campo Urban Planning. ArchDaily. Retrieved from: https:// www.archdaily.com/566906/pedreira-do-campo-urban-planning-m-arquitectos 11 Stantec. (2017). Bow RiverWalk Case Study. Canadian Urban Strategies. Retrieved from: http://canadianurbanstrategies.ca/bow- 12 Stantec. (2017). Bow RiverWalk Case Study. Canadian Urban Strategies. Retrieved from: http://canadianurbanstrategies.ca/bow- 13 Essential Economics Pty Ltd (2017). Apollo Bay Harbour Precinct Market Testing. Retrieved from: https://www.colacotway.vic.gov.au/Planning-building/Strategic-planning/Strate- gic-projects/Apollo-Bay-Harbour 14 Koh, J., Prasad, V.J.M. (2014). Chek Jawa. Singapore Infopedia. Retrieved from: http:// eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_256_2005-01-03.html 15 Koh, J., Prasad, V.J.M. (2014). Chek Jawa. Singapore Infopedia. Retrieved from: http:// eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_256_2005-01-03.html 16 Silva, A. (2014). Pedreira Do Campo Urban Planning. ArchDaily. Retrieved from: https:// www.archdaily.com/566906/pedreira-do-campo-urban-planning-m-arquitectos 17 Silva, A. (2014). Pedreira Do Campo Urban Planning. ArchDaily. Retrieved from: https:// www.archdaily.com/566906/pedreira-do-campo-urban-planning-m-arquitectos 18 Victoria State Government (2013). Victorian Crown Land Area Statement. Retrieved from: https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/images/stories/committees/enrc/Invasive_Animals_on_ Crown_land/210A._2016.09.13_Attachment_1_-_Victorian_Crown_Land_Area_Statement.pdf 19 Victoria State Government (2019). Public Conservation and Resource Zone. Retrieved from: https://planningschemes.dpcd.vic.gov.au/schemes/vpps/36_03.pdf 20 Victoria State Government (2019). VicPlan. Retrieved from: https://mapshare.vic.gov.au/ vicplan/ 21 Victoria State Government (2013). Victorian Crown Land Area Statement. Retrieved from: https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/images/stories/committees/enrc/Invasive_Animals_on_ Crown_land/210A._2016.09.13_Attachment_1_-_Victorian_Crown_Land_Area_Statement.pdf 22 Victoria State Government (2018). Great Ocean Road Action Plan. Department of Envi- ronment, Land, Water and Planning. Retrieved from: https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ hdp.au.prod.app.vic-engage.files/5715/4018/3426/GOR_Action_Plan_-A3_fact_sheet_for_on- line.pdf
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